Immigrants and
Urbanization
Sec. 1 – The New ImmigrantsSec. 2 – The Challenges of UrbanizationSec. 3 – Politics in the Gilded Age
http://jeopardylabs.com/play/immigrants-and-urbanization
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html
http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/immigration/introduction.html
http://jeopardylabs.com/play/immigrants-and-urbanization-part-2
The New ImmigrantsSection 1
Objectives: 1. Identify immigrants’ countries of origin. 2. Describe the journey immigrants
endured and their experiences at United States immigration stations.
3. Examine the causes and effects of the nativists’ and anti-immigrant sentiments.
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html
Through the Golden Door Millions immigrated to the U.S. in the late
1800’s and early 1900’s hoping to have a better life.
Birds of Passage – temporary immigrants who came to earn money and return home.
Most immigrants came to make a new life and stayed.
Push Factors Pull FactorsPoverty Job Opportunities
Famine Religious Freedom
Land shortages Political Freedom
Religious Persecution Land
Political Persecution
War
Over-population
European ImmigrationOld v. New
Countries of Origin before 1890
*Great Britain *Ireland *Germany *Scandinavia
(Northwestern Europe)
Countries of Origin after 1890
*Italy *Austria-Hungary *Russia
(Southern and Eastern Europe)
http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/isern/104/new.htm
Old Immigrants White Anglo Saxon Protestant Similar Language (English / German) Similar Customs
http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/English.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/German.html
New Immigrants Darker Skinned / Mediterranean Catholic and Jewish Poorer Many Different Languages Different Customs from each other and
from the old immigrants
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/index.html
Italian Immigrants Left Italy (mostly southern part) due to
economic hardships. Many came as “birds of passage” Catholic population
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html
Jews from Russia Left to escape Religious Persecution Pograms – organized anti-Semitic
campaigns that led to the massacre of Jews in the early 1880’s and early 1900’s.
http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Jewish.html
Immigrants from Asia Chinese – came in small numbers in
2nd half of 1800’s *California Gold Rush *Jobs building the Transcontinental
Railroad and others After railroads completed they worked
in Farming Mining Domestic Workers
Motive: Economic Opportunity Entry: West Coast View “One American’s Story – from
China to Chinatown: Fong See’s American Dream”
http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Chinese.html
http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/chinese-cal/history.html
Anti-Asian Sentiment Mainly affected Chinese
and Japanese immigrants on the West Coast.
Different Language and Customs
Looked Different Chinese men wore their
hair in a long braid (queue), and dressed in a quilted jacket, broad cotton pants, and a wide-brimmed hat.
Laws passed to restrict Asians’ rights
http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/chinese-cal/history.html
Discriminatory Laws Couldn’t own land Couldn’t marry Caucasians Couldn’t become citizens Couldn’t vote Segregation of schools Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Limited Chinese immigration Was intended to keep out workers that
would compete against white workers Banned entry of all Chinese except
Students Teachers Merchants (Like Fong See) Tourists Government Officials
View Chinese Immigrants @ http://www.hippocampus.org/AP%20US%20History%20II
Japanese Immigration 1884 Japanese go to Hawaii to work Hawaii becomes U.S. territory 1898 Migration to U.S. west coast begins Motive: Economic Opportunity Entry: West Coast Economic opportunity news spreads by
word of mouth and Japanese immigration increases
Gentleman’s Agreement San Francisco, California, school board
were segregating Asian children Caused Anti-American riots in Japan Theodore Roosevelt negotiated a
compromise San Francisco school board withdrew
segregation order Japan agreed to limited emigration to the U.S.
They would no longer issue passports to the U.S. and the U.S. would not accept anyone from Japan without a passport.
Immigration from the West Indies West Indies
Jamaica Cuba Puerto Rico
Motive: Economic opportunity and Poverty in the islands
Entry: Southeast
Immigration from Mexico Acquisition of Texas and Mexican lands in
the Southwest helped many Mexicans become U.S. citizens without moving from their homes
Motives for others: Economic Opportunities
Railroads Farm work
Fleeing war and political problems in Mexico Entry: Southwest
A Difficult Journey
Steamship Atlantic Ocean - 7 to 10 days Pacific Ocean - 3 Weeks
Many immigrants traveled in steerage or the cargo holds
Cramped, dark, dirty, stagnant air, louse-infested bunks, few toilets, wide-spread disease, barrack-like sleeping quarters
http://www.gjenvick.com/CunardLine/VintageBrochures/
Ellis Island Immigration Station
1892-1954 More than 12 million immigrants passed
through Ellis Island At Peak – 11,000 a day 5 Hours or more to process immigrant
New York Harbor Inspection
Medical Examination Legal Examination
Literacy Test Prove ability to work
Have at least $25
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html
http://www.ellisisland.org/
Virtual Tour: http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Eivirt.html
Exams: http://library.thinkquest.org/5101/exam.htm#To%20Markings
Watch Ellis Island Videos Watch various video clips about Ellis Island @ http://www.history.com/content/ellis-island including
the following:
Arrival at Ellis Island http://www.history.com/video.do?name=Ellis_Island&bcpid=18011351001&bclid=19170580001&bctid=1473707246
Other links http://library.thinkquest.org/5101/index.htm
Angel Island Immigration Station San Francisco
Bay Very poor
conditions Asians held
for months Deportation Why do you
think the conditions were more harsh than Ellis Island?
Angel Island: Ellis Island of the West @ http://www.history.com/video.do?name=americanhistory&bcpid=1676043206&bclid=1716449937&bctid=1658436478
Culture Shock Confusion and anxiety resulting from
immersion in a culture that is very different than your own
Some immigrants taken advantage of by con-men, pick-pockets, and thieves
Had to find place to live, place to work Live in a world and not understand the
language or customs
View New Immigrants @ http://www.hippocampus.org/AP%20US%20History%20II
Dealing with Culture Shock Sought out people like themselves leading
to development of ETHNIC COMMUNITIES Chinatown Little Italy
*Shared Language – Ethnic newspapers *Shared Religion – Neighborhood churches and
synagogues built *Shared Cultural Values – Social Clubs *Aid Societies *Orphanages, Old Folks Homes, Cemeteries
Problems with Assimilation Immigrants wanted to be American but at
the same time wanted to retain their own culture.
Led to hyphenated Americans Made it difficult to fit into American
Society Native-born Americans grew to resent and
dislike immigrants
Reaction to Immigration @ http://www.hippocampus.org/AP%20US%20History%20II
Melting Pot or Stewing Pot
Melting Pot – a mixture of people of different cultures and races who blend together by abandoning their language and customs to become one culture.
Stewing Pot – a mixture of people of different cultures and races who mix together, each adding their own flavor and spice to the one culture, without giving up all aspects of their home culture.
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/ushisgov/themes/immigration/theories.htm
Nativism The overt favoritism toward native-born
Americans. Dislike of immigrant groups. Believed in Anglo-Saxon superiority. Viewed new immigrants unfavorably
because of religion (Catholic, Orthodox or Jewish), socioeconomic status, and appearance (ethnicity)
American Protective Association – Anti-Catholic
Colleges, business and social clubs refused to admit Jews
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/ushisgov/themes/immigration/index.htm
Nativism
What is the message of this cartoon? Who is the person in the lower right hand corner? Who are the people in the middle section? Who are the people in the back section?
http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Comics.html
The Role of the United States What is the message of this cartoon?
http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Comics.html