Immigrants and Urbanization Sec. 1 – The New Immigrants Sec. 2 – The Challenges of Urbanization Sec. 3 – Politics in the Gilded Age .

Immigrants and

Urbanization

Sec. 1 – The New ImmigrantsSec. 2 – The Challenges of UrbanizationSec. 3 – Politics in the Gilded Age

http://jeopardylabs.com/play/immigrants-and-urbanization

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html

http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/immigration/introduction.html

http://jeopardylabs.com/play/immigrants-and-urbanization-part-2

The New ImmigrantsSection 1

Objectives: 1. Identify immigrants’ countries of origin. 2. Describe the journey immigrants

endured and their experiences at United States immigration stations.

3. Examine the causes and effects of the nativists’ and anti-immigrant sentiments.

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html

Through the Golden Door Millions immigrated to the U.S. in the late

1800’s and early 1900’s hoping to have a better life.

Birds of Passage – temporary immigrants who came to earn money and return home.

Most immigrants came to make a new life and stayed.

Push Factors Pull FactorsPoverty Job Opportunities

Famine Religious Freedom

Land shortages Political Freedom

Religious Persecution Land

Political Persecution

War

Over-population

European ImmigrationOld v. New

Countries of Origin before 1890

*Great Britain *Ireland *Germany *Scandinavia

(Northwestern Europe)

Countries of Origin after 1890

*Italy *Austria-Hungary *Russia

(Southern and Eastern Europe)

http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/isern/104/new.htm

Old Immigrants White Anglo Saxon Protestant Similar Language (English / German) Similar Customs

http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/English.html

http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/German.html

New Immigrants Darker Skinned / Mediterranean Catholic and Jewish Poorer Many Different Languages Different Customs from each other and

from the old immigrants

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html

http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/index.html

Italian Immigrants Left Italy (mostly southern part) due to

economic hardships. Many came as “birds of passage” Catholic population

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html

Jews from Russia Left to escape Religious Persecution Pograms – organized anti-Semitic

campaigns that led to the massacre of Jews in the early 1880’s and early 1900’s.

http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Jewish.html

Immigrants from Asia Chinese – came in small numbers in

2nd half of 1800’s *California Gold Rush *Jobs building the Transcontinental

Railroad and others After railroads completed they worked

in Farming Mining Domestic Workers

Motive: Economic Opportunity Entry: West Coast View “One American’s Story – from

China to Chinatown: Fong See’s American Dream”

http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Chinese.html

http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/chinese-cal/history.html

Anti-Asian Sentiment Mainly affected Chinese

and Japanese immigrants on the West Coast.

Different Language and Customs

Looked Different Chinese men wore their

hair in a long braid (queue), and dressed in a quilted jacket, broad cotton pants, and a wide-brimmed hat.

Laws passed to restrict Asians’ rights

http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/chinese-cal/history.html

Discriminatory Laws Couldn’t own land Couldn’t marry Caucasians Couldn’t become citizens Couldn’t vote Segregation of schools Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Limited Chinese immigration Was intended to keep out workers that

would compete against white workers Banned entry of all Chinese except

Students Teachers Merchants (Like Fong See) Tourists Government Officials

View Chinese Immigrants @ http://www.hippocampus.org/AP%20US%20History%20II

Japanese Immigration 1884 Japanese go to Hawaii to work Hawaii becomes U.S. territory 1898 Migration to U.S. west coast begins Motive: Economic Opportunity Entry: West Coast Economic opportunity news spreads by

word of mouth and Japanese immigration increases

Gentleman’s Agreement San Francisco, California, school board

were segregating Asian children Caused Anti-American riots in Japan Theodore Roosevelt negotiated a

compromise San Francisco school board withdrew

segregation order Japan agreed to limited emigration to the U.S.

They would no longer issue passports to the U.S. and the U.S. would not accept anyone from Japan without a passport.

Immigration from the West Indies West Indies

Jamaica Cuba Puerto Rico

Motive: Economic opportunity and Poverty in the islands

Entry: Southeast

Immigration from Mexico Acquisition of Texas and Mexican lands in

the Southwest helped many Mexicans become U.S. citizens without moving from their homes

Motives for others: Economic Opportunities

Railroads Farm work

Fleeing war and political problems in Mexico Entry: Southwest

A Difficult Journey

Steamship Atlantic Ocean - 7 to 10 days Pacific Ocean - 3 Weeks

Many immigrants traveled in steerage or the cargo holds

Cramped, dark, dirty, stagnant air, louse-infested bunks, few toilets, wide-spread disease, barrack-like sleeping quarters

http://www.gjenvick.com/CunardLine/VintageBrochures/

Ellis Island Immigration Station

1892-1954 More than 12 million immigrants passed

through Ellis Island At Peak – 11,000 a day 5 Hours or more to process immigrant

New York Harbor Inspection

Medical Examination Legal Examination

Literacy Test Prove ability to work

Have at least $25

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html

http://www.ellisisland.org/

Virtual Tour: http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Eivirt.html

Exams: http://library.thinkquest.org/5101/exam.htm#To%20Markings

Watch Ellis Island Videos Watch various video clips about Ellis Island @ http://www.history.com/content/ellis-island including

the following:

Arrival at Ellis Island http://www.history.com/video.do?name=Ellis_Island&bcpid=18011351001&bclid=19170580001&bctid=1473707246

Other links http://library.thinkquest.org/5101/index.htm

Angel Island Immigration Station San Francisco

Bay Very poor

conditions Asians held

for months Deportation Why do you

think the conditions were more harsh than Ellis Island?

Angel Island: Ellis Island of the West @ http://www.history.com/video.do?name=americanhistory&bcpid=1676043206&bclid=1716449937&bctid=1658436478

Culture Shock Confusion and anxiety resulting from

immersion in a culture that is very different than your own

Some immigrants taken advantage of by con-men, pick-pockets, and thieves

Had to find place to live, place to work Live in a world and not understand the

language or customs

View New Immigrants @ http://www.hippocampus.org/AP%20US%20History%20II

Dealing with Culture Shock Sought out people like themselves leading

to development of ETHNIC COMMUNITIES Chinatown Little Italy

*Shared Language – Ethnic newspapers *Shared Religion – Neighborhood churches and

synagogues built *Shared Cultural Values – Social Clubs *Aid Societies *Orphanages, Old Folks Homes, Cemeteries

Problems with Assimilation Immigrants wanted to be American but at

the same time wanted to retain their own culture.

Led to hyphenated Americans Made it difficult to fit into American

Society Native-born Americans grew to resent and

dislike immigrants

Reaction to Immigration @ http://www.hippocampus.org/AP%20US%20History%20II

Melting Pot or Stewing Pot

Melting Pot – a mixture of people of different cultures and races who blend together by abandoning their language and customs to become one culture.

Stewing Pot – a mixture of people of different cultures and races who mix together, each adding their own flavor and spice to the one culture, without giving up all aspects of their home culture.

http://regentsprep.org/Regents/ushisgov/themes/immigration/theories.htm

Nativism The overt favoritism toward native-born

Americans. Dislike of immigrant groups. Believed in Anglo-Saxon superiority. Viewed new immigrants unfavorably

because of religion (Catholic, Orthodox or Jewish), socioeconomic status, and appearance (ethnicity)

American Protective Association – Anti-Catholic

Colleges, business and social clubs refused to admit Jews

http://regentsprep.org/Regents/ushisgov/themes/immigration/index.htm

Nativism

What is the message of this cartoon? Who is the person in the lower right hand corner? Who are the people in the middle section? Who are the people in the back section?

http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Comics.html

The Role of the United States What is the message of this cartoon?

http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Comics.html