Immigration and Immigration and Urbanization Urbanization
Jan 04, 2016
Immigration and Immigration and UrbanizationUrbanization
““New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants””
Old immigrants Old immigrants moved from Germany moved from Germany and Irelandand Ireland
““New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants”” came from Eastern came from Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Southern Europe, and ChinaEurope, and China
Unskilled, poor, Unskilled, poor, Catholic/Jewish, Catholic/Jewish, settled in citiessettled in cities Most came from Italy, Poland, Greece,
Russia, or Hungary
Push FactorsPush Factors
What pushed these What pushed these people out of their people out of their countries?countries? Farmers forced off Farmers forced off
their landtheir land War and RevolutionWar and Revolution Religious persecution, Religious persecution,
like the Jews of like the Jews of Eastern EuropeEastern Europe
Pull FactorsPull Factors
What is pulling people What is pulling people to America?to America? Land and employmentLand and employment OpportunityOpportunity
Homestead Act was Homestead Act was cheap, affordable landcheap, affordable land
Railroads gave cheap Railroads gave cheap fares for people moving fares for people moving westwest
All sorts of new jobs All sorts of new jobs were needed in RR, oil, were needed in RR, oil, steel businessessteel businesses
Arrival in AmericaArrival in America
Ellis IslandEllis Island In New York HarborIn New York Harbor Needed: Proof of Needed: Proof of
skills, money, health skills, money, health recordsrecords
Legal and medical Legal and medical inspections carried outinspections carried out
Only 2% denied Only 2% denied entrance entrance
Angel IslandAngel Island
In San Francisco BayIn San Francisco Bay Who?: Who?: Chinese and other Asian immigrantsChinese and other Asian immigrants Used as a Used as a quarantine island for immigrantsquarantine island for immigrants Suspicions Suspicions often meant they were held for weeks or often meant they were held for weeks or
even months in poor conditionseven months in poor conditions
Challenges for ImmigrantsChallenges for Immigrants Assimilation: To Assimilation: To
absorb one culture absorb one culture into another (To make into another (To make these immigrants these immigrants ““AmericanizedAmericanized””
Settlement houses Settlement houses aimed at teaching aimed at teaching English and American English and American customscustoms
Most moved into Most moved into cities with others from cities with others from their culture, holding their culture, holding to their traditionsto their traditions
Immigrants Face HostilityImmigrants Face Hostility
Competition for jobs and housing fueled Competition for jobs and housing fueled resentment against immigrantsresentment against immigrants
Many mad at immigrants for working for Many mad at immigrants for working for low wageslow wages
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)- prohibited Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)- prohibited immgration of Chinese laborers, limited immgration of Chinese laborers, limited civil rights of Chinesecivil rights of Chinese
Importance of ImmigrantsImportance of Immigrants
Their labor fueled Their labor fueled economic growtheconomic growth
Their traditions Their traditions contribute to contribute to American culture…American culture…examples?examples?
They They built RRbuilt RR’’s and s and worked in minesworked in mines
Section 2: Cities ExpandSection 2: Cities Expand Urbanization: The Urbanization: The
increase in the number of increase in the number of people living and working people living and working in citiesin cities
Immigrants, ex-farmers, Immigrants, ex-farmers, etc attracted by jobsetc attracted by jobs
Middle class/educated Middle class/educated also had job opportunities also had job opportunities herehere
Offered more Offered more entertainmententertainment
Transportation made it Transportation made it easy to get to the citieseasy to get to the cities
Who lives in the city?Who lives in the city?
40% of the cities were made up of 40% of the cities were made up of immigrantsimmigrants
Ex-FarmersEx-Farmers looking for jobs looking for jobsAfrican-AmericansAfrican-Americans on a smaller scale on a smaller scale
Technology Improves City LifeTechnology Improves City Life
SkyscrapersSkyscrapers Built from steel, they Built from steel, they
provide office space provide office space efficientlyefficiently
Elisha Otis developed Elisha Otis developed the elevatorthe elevator, so now , so now buildings could go buildings could go higherhigher
Rise of architectureRise of architecture as a professionas a profession
Technology Improves City LifeTechnology Improves City Life
Mass Transit – A Mass Transit – A public transportation public transportation system taking people system taking people in and out of the cities in and out of the cities at low costat low cost Electric Cable Car Electric Cable Car
became the most became the most popular methodpopular method
To avoid congestion, To avoid congestion, subway system subway system invented invented
The SuburbsThe Suburbs
As cities became more As cities became more crowded, the wealthier crowded, the wealthier wanted to move outwanted to move out
They built houses in the They built houses in the cleaner and quieter cleaner and quieter outskirts of the outskirts of the city...called the suburbscity...called the suburbs
They could afford mass They could afford mass transit every day, poorer transit every day, poorer remain in the city remain in the city because they could notbecause they could not
City DesignCity Design
Cities began to Cities began to carefully design their carefully design their spacespace
Industrial zones, Industrial zones, financial districts, financial districts, residencies, parks, residencies, parks, etcetc
City DesignCity Design
Parks developed to Parks developed to deal with urban deal with urban growthgrowth
These protect water These protect water supply in the city from supply in the city from pollutionpollution
Provide recreation Provide recreation and cheap escape and cheap escape from city lifefrom city life
Urbanization Causes ProblemsUrbanization Causes Problems
Housing was Housing was overcrowded in the overcrowded in the tenementstenements
These are low cost These are low cost multifamily structuresmultifamily structures
Sanitation a major Sanitation a major problemproblem
Urbanization Causes ProblemsUrbanization Causes Problems
Streets crowded and Streets crowded and loaded with filthloaded with filth
Food, human waste, Food, human waste, trash, etctrash, etc
Disease easily spread Disease easily spread herehere
City planners City planners improved sewage, improved sewage, trash disposal, etctrash disposal, etc
Urbanization Causes ProblemsUrbanization Causes Problems
Most structures built Most structures built of wood, which was a of wood, which was a fire hazardfire hazard
Chicago burned down Chicago burned down in 1871in 1871
This leads city This leads city planners to form planners to form professional fire professional fire fighting teamsfighting teams
Urbanization Causes ProblemsUrbanization Causes Problems
City streets City streets dangerous, especially dangerous, especially at nightat night
Workers were forced Workers were forced to be out at this timeto be out at this time
City begins hiring City begins hiring professional police professional police forces to help prevent forces to help prevent crimecrime
Social and Cultural TrendsSocial and Cultural Trends
Americans Become ConsumersAmericans Become Consumers
As more people are As more people are making more money, making more money, they are buying more they are buying more productsproducts
This is known as This is known as consumerismconsumerism
This buying power This buying power makes the US very makes the US very wealthywealthy
Advertising Attracts CustomersAdvertising Attracts Customers
Department stores, Department stores, like Macylike Macy’’s, make s, make their first appearancetheir first appearance
Catalogs and Catalogs and advertisement in advertisement in newspapers increasenewspapers increase
Brand names and Brand names and logos becoming logos becoming increasingly importantincreasingly important
Some Achieve Higher Standards of Some Achieve Higher Standards of LivingLiving
Indoor PlumbingIndoor Plumbing More expensive More expensive
clothingclothing Public transportationPublic transportation
All of these are All of these are symbols of an symbols of an increased standard of increased standard of livingliving
Many had to work Many had to work more to more to ““keep up with keep up with the Jonesthe Jones’”’”
Spread of Mass CultureSpread of Mass Culture Mass culture is spread Mass culture is spread
through newspapersthrough newspapers William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst Published Published Morning Morning
JournalJournal Sensationalistic writings Sensationalistic writings
that exposed corrupt that exposed corrupt politics, had comics, politics, had comics, sportssports
Designed to attract Designed to attract readers, not just report readers, not just report newsnews
Literature and the Arts FlourishLiterature and the Arts Flourish
Mark Twain wrote Mark Twain wrote about the about the ““Gilded AgeGilded Age”” This term displayed US This term displayed US
society as gold on the society as gold on the outside, but with major outside, but with major problems on the insideproblems on the inside
This term defines how This term defines how the US Big Business is the US Big Business is flourishing, but there is flourishing, but there is much to be improvedmuch to be improved
Literature and the Arts FlourishLiterature and the Arts FlourishStephen CraneStephen Crane
Wrote about the harsh realities of the timesWrote about the harsh realities of the timesMaggie: A Girl of the StreetsMaggie: A Girl of the Streets
EducationEducation
Public education became much more Public education became much more popularpopular
Grade school education compulsory, Grade school education compulsory, kindergarten helped working motherskindergarten helped working mothers
By 1900, literacy rate at 1900By 1900, literacy rate at 1900HBCUHBCU’’s increasing for African Americanss increasing for African Americans
New Forms of EntertainmentNew Forms of Entertainment
Amusement ParksAmusement Parks Coney Island and the Coney Island and the
rollercoaster became rollercoaster became instant favoritesinstant favorites
Provided cheap Provided cheap entertainment and entertainment and located near citieslocated near cities
New Forms of EntertainmentNew Forms of Entertainment
Wild West ShowsWild West Shows ““Buffalo BillBuffalo Bill”” toured toured
America, bringing the America, bringing the West into the citiesWest into the cities
Annie Oakley, Sitting Annie Oakley, Sitting BullBull
Shooting, riding, stunts Shooting, riding, stunts performedperformed
New Forms of EntertainmentNew Forms of Entertainment
Silent FilmsSilent Films Called Called ““NickelodeonsNickelodeons””
because it cost a because it cost a nickelnickel
The Great Train The Great Train RobberyRobbery
Music performed in Music performed in music halls, evolves music halls, evolves into Jazzinto Jazz
New Forms of EntertainmentNew Forms of Entertainment
Sports Attract FansSports Attract Fans Baseball organized Baseball organized
into a businessinto a business Stadiums built for Stadiums built for
thousands (became a thousands (became a place for place for advertisement as well)advertisement as well)
African Americans had African Americans had a separate leaguea separate league
Horse racing, boxing, Horse racing, boxing, bike racing, basketball, bike racing, basketball, etcetc