CHAPTER 7 IMMIGRANTS AND URBANIZATION U.S. HISTORY MR. ALLEN.

CHAPTER 7 – CHAPTER 7 – IMMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRANTS AND

URBANIZATIONURBANIZATIONU.S. HISTORYU.S. HISTORY

MR. ALLENMR. ALLEN

LECTURE 7.1 – THE NEW LECTURE 7.1 – THE NEW IMMIGRANTSIMMIGRANTS

Immigration Immigration reached a new high reached a new high in the late 19in the late 19thth and and early 20early 20thth centuries centuries

Europe, Asia, Europe, Asia, Mexico, the Mexico, the CaribbeanCaribbean

EUROPE AND ASIAEUROPE AND ASIA Europeans – 1870-Europeans – 1870-

1920 – 20 million1920 – 20 million Scarcity of land Scarcity of land

and jobsand jobs From 1800 to 1900 From 1800 to 1900

– Pop of Europe – Pop of Europe went from 200 went from 200 million to 400 million to 400 millionmillion

Chinese and Chinese and Japanese came to Japanese came to the west coastthe west coast

1851 to 1883 about 1851 to 1883 about 300,000 Chinese 300,000 Chinese arrivedarrived

Hawaii annexed, Hawaii annexed, 1920 -200,000 1920 -200,000 Japanese lived on Japanese lived on West CoastWest Coast

Arrival by SteamshipArrival by Steamship Traveling conditions harshTraveling conditions harsh

Immigrants rarely allowed on deck, Immigrants rarely allowed on deck, crowded, spread of disease.crowded, spread of disease.

ELLIS ISLANDELLIS ISLAND Immigration StationImmigration Station

20% of Immigrants 20% of Immigrants detained a day or detained a day or more for inspectionmore for inspection

Physical exam, Physical exam, document inspectordocument inspector

From 1892 to 1924 an estimated 17 From 1892 to 1924 an estimated 17 million immigrants passed through million immigrants passed through Ellis islandEllis island

Angel Island – the equivalent on the Angel Island – the equivalent on the west coastwest coast

ARRIVALARRIVAL America is a melting potAmerica is a melting pot

Native people often viewed Native people often viewed immigrants as a threatimmigrants as a threat

Many immigrants sought out people Many immigrants sought out people who shared their culture and who shared their culture and religious viewsreligious views

ANTI-IMMIGRATIONANTI-IMMIGRATION Favoritism towards native born Favoritism towards native born

AmericansAmericans

Anti-Immigrant groupsAnti-Immigrant groups

The “Right” countries – British, The “Right” countries – British, German, and Scandinavian stock.German, and Scandinavian stock.

ANTI-ASIAN SENTIMENTANTI-ASIAN SENTIMENT Work scarcity created tensionsWork scarcity created tensions

Chinese Exclusion Act bans almost all Chinese Exclusion Act bans almost all ChineseChinese

The Gentlemen’s agreement – Repealed The Gentlemen’s agreement – Repealed school segregation for Japanese in SF if school segregation for Japanese in SF if Japan would limit emigrationJapan would limit emigration

SECTION 7.2 – The Challenges SECTION 7.2 – The Challenges of Urbanizationof Urbanization

The rapid growth of cities forced The rapid growth of cities forced people to contend with problems of people to contend with problems of housing, transportation, water, and housing, transportation, water, and sanitationsanitation

Urbanization – The growth of cities – Urbanization – The growth of cities – Mainly in the NE and MidwestMainly in the NE and Midwest

World’s largest urban World’s largest urban populationspopulations

URBANIZATIONURBANIZATION Most immigrants settled in cities Most immigrants settled in cities

because cities were the cheapest because cities were the cheapest and most convenient place to liveand most convenient place to live

By 1980 there were twice as many By 1980 there were twice as many Irish residents in NYC as in Dublin, Irish residents in NYC as in Dublin, IrelandIreland

THE AMERICANIZATION THE AMERICANIZATION MOVEMENTMOVEMENT

Designed to assimilate people of wide Designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into the dominant ranging cultures into the dominant cultureculture

English language classes, American English language classes, American History, Cooking and social etiquette. History, Cooking and social etiquette.

Ethnic communities provide refugeEthnic communities provide refuge

URBAN PROBLEMSURBAN PROBLEMS Choice- Buy on the outskirts or rent in Choice- Buy on the outskirts or rent in

towntown

Working class families left the cities and Working class families left the cities and immigrants moved into their houses.immigrants moved into their houses.

Tenements – Multi-Families in one SFR Tenements – Multi-Families in one SFR residenceresidence

SOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENTSOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENT Preached salvation through service Preached salvation through service

to the poorto the poor

Jane AddamsJane Addams