World PoliticsProf. Gary Giss
Ly Sen Tam 1258067Tran Thi Ngoc Quy 1258061Pham Thi Kim Ngan 1258038Truong Thi Thu Thao 1258072
Keuka College University of Science
Topic: Falling/Fragile States
Afghanistan
Content
• Brief History of The Founding of The State• Why The State Is Fragile• Social Indicators• Economic Indicators• Political Indicators• Ways To Stabilize The State
Brief History of The Founding of The State
3000-2000BC, urban civilization began
550-331BC, Irania Achaemenia Dynasty
331-327BC, Alexander the Great defeated
Achaemenia (Greek culture)
Mauryan Empire of India gained control (Buddism
appeared)
3rd-17th Cent AD, the Kussian Empire and the
Sassanian Empire.642AD, Arab invaded entire region (Islam)
1747, Ahmad Shah Durrany unified the
Pashtun tribes (Durrany Empire = modern
Afghanistan)
Late 19th Cent, Afghanistan became a
buffer state between the British Indian Empire and
the Russian Empire *
Why The State Is Fragile
• Administrative corruption• Drug smuggling• Extremism• Pirates and terrorist• Insecurity has undermined investment
Social Indicators
• Demographics pressures• Massive movement of refugees & internally
displaced persons• Brain drain
Social Indicators
• Population: 32,564,342 (July 2015 est.) • Growth rate: 2.32% (2015 est.)• Unemployment rate: 35% (2008)• Birth rate: 38.57 births/1,000 population
(2015 est.)• Death rate: 13.89 deaths/1,000
population (2015 est.)• Gender ratio: At birth: 1.05
male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.03
male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04
male(s)/female25-54 years: 1.04
male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female=> Total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
• Infant Mortality Rate: Total: 115.08 deaths/1,000 live births
Male: 122.64 deaths/1,000 live births Female: 107.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)• Urbanization:
*Urban population: 23% of total population
*4.7% annual rate of change (2012-15 est.) (2010 est.)
Social IndicatorsRefugees movement
• In 1978, 26 million inhabitants fleed their homes
• In 1979, 1.5 million Afghans refuged
• In 1986, increased 5 million
• In 2000, 10.000 of Afghans abandoned their homes in search of food
• In 2001, about 900,000 Afghans had been internally displaced
Social Indicators
Brain Drain
Economic Indicators
Economic Indicators
Economic Indicators
Economic Indicators
Political Indicators
The criminalization and detemisumation: insecurity is severely afecting humanitarian
operations in A and relief activities by military forces lead to a blurring of the lines between
military and civilian roles.
Political Indicators
Widespread of vilolation of human right: components of the commission's assistance include also
protection actuvities, water and sanitation, shelter, food assistance abd reponse to small scale natural
disasters.
Political IndicatorsSome human right was enacted in Afghanistan
Political Indicators
The ANSF took over lead responsibility for securuty throughout AF. Despite an intense
military campaign by the TAliban.
Ways To Stabilize The State• Trust and confidence in the government can be generated through a
concerted effort to build inclusive coalitions of state and non-state actors, expand independent media, and construct a rules-based,…
• International partners should better support the needs of private businesses in fragile states, as they represent an anchor of stability and a rare positive influence.
• Key elements of stabilization strategies include security and justice, revenue and expenditure management, and job creation, but priority should be placed on inclusive state-society interaction and accountability at all times and levels.
References
• http://africacenter.org/security/topic/stabilization/#sthash.pnozBLN8.dpu
• http://xemdi.vn/diem-mat-25-quoc-gia-hon-loan-nhat-the-gioi-n834062.html
• http://news.zing.vn/Nhung-quoc-gia-hon-loan-nhat-the-gioi-post551891.html
• http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21366928~menuPK:2246552~pagePK:2865106~piPK:2865128~theSitePK:223547,00.html
