World Politics

World PoliticsProf. Gary Giss

Ly Sen Tam 1258067Tran Thi Ngoc Quy 1258061Pham Thi Kim Ngan 1258038Truong Thi Thu Thao 1258072

Keuka College University of Science

Topic: Falling/Fragile States

Afghanistan

Content

• Brief History of The Founding of The State• Why The State Is Fragile• Social Indicators• Economic Indicators• Political Indicators• Ways To Stabilize The State

Brief History of The Founding of The State

3000-2000BC, urban civilization began

550-331BC, Irania Achaemenia Dynasty

331-327BC, Alexander the Great defeated

Achaemenia (Greek culture)

Mauryan Empire of India gained control (Buddism

appeared)

3rd-17th Cent AD, the Kussian Empire and the

Sassanian Empire.642AD, Arab invaded entire region (Islam)

1747, Ahmad Shah Durrany unified the

Pashtun tribes (Durrany Empire = modern

Afghanistan)

Late 19th Cent, Afghanistan became a

buffer state between the British Indian Empire and

the Russian Empire *

Why The State Is Fragile

• Administrative corruption• Drug smuggling• Extremism• Pirates and terrorist• Insecurity has undermined investment

Social Indicators

• Demographics pressures• Massive movement of refugees & internally

displaced persons• Brain drain

Social Indicators

• Population: 32,564,342 (July 2015 est.) • Growth rate: 2.32% (2015 est.)• Unemployment rate: 35% (2008)• Birth rate: 38.57 births/1,000 population

(2015 est.)• Death rate: 13.89 deaths/1,000

population (2015 est.)• Gender ratio: At birth: 1.05

male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.03

male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04

male(s)/female25-54 years: 1.04

male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female=> Total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2015 est.)

• Infant Mortality Rate: Total: 115.08 deaths/1,000 live births

Male: 122.64 deaths/1,000 live births Female: 107.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)• Urbanization:

*Urban population: 23% of total population

*4.7% annual rate of change (2012-15 est.) (2010 est.)

Social IndicatorsRefugees movement

• In 1978, 26 million inhabitants fleed their homes

• In 1979, 1.5 million Afghans refuged

• In 1986, increased 5 million

• In 2000, 10.000 of Afghans abandoned their homes in search of food

• In 2001, about 900,000 Afghans had been internally displaced

Social Indicators

Brain Drain

Economic Indicators

Economic Indicators

Economic Indicators

Economic Indicators

Political Indicators

The criminalization and detemisumation: insecurity is severely afecting humanitarian

operations in A and relief activities by military forces lead to a blurring of the lines between

military and civilian roles.

Political Indicators

Widespread of vilolation of human right: components of the commission's assistance include also

protection actuvities, water and sanitation, shelter, food assistance abd reponse to small scale natural

disasters.

Political IndicatorsSome human right was enacted in Afghanistan

Political Indicators

The ANSF took over lead responsibility for securuty throughout AF. Despite an intense

military campaign by the TAliban.

Ways To Stabilize The State• Trust and confidence in the government can be generated through a

concerted effort to build inclusive coalitions of state and non-state actors, expand independent media, and construct a rules-based,…

• International partners should better support the needs of private businesses in fragile states, as they represent an anchor of stability and a rare positive influence.

• Key elements of stabilization strategies include security and justice, revenue and expenditure management, and job creation, but priority should be placed on inclusive state-society interaction and accountability at all times and levels.

References

• http://africacenter.org/security/topic/stabilization/#sthash.pnozBLN8.dpu

• http://xemdi.vn/diem-mat-25-quoc-gia-hon-loan-nhat-the-gioi-n834062.html

• http://news.zing.vn/Nhung-quoc-gia-hon-loan-nhat-the-gioi-post551891.html

• http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21366928~menuPK:2246552~pagePK:2865106~piPK:2865128~theSitePK:223547,00.html