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NOTES FROM THE EDITOR: IN OUR LAST EDITORIAL,we mentioned among other things, that Gerald George our " ANY­ONE FOR ALL-AROUND" series coordinator, was busy sending out letters to coaches all over the country, to solicit instruc­tional material to pass on to the gymnastic community at large through the pages of the MG. Apparently he did not receive the response he had hoped for and is questioning the desire of our American gymnastic coaches to contribute to the national scene .. .. Which leads us to the following challenge by Dr. Gerald George.

WHERE HAVE ALL THE COACHES GONE ... ? There ' s plenty of talk questioning whether we

actually have any coaches at all . . . Most everyone under our gymnastic system is screaming for a greater number of technical articles and illustrative teaching aids ... At our regional and national gym­nastic gatherings, attention always seems to finally focus upon upgrading the levels of gymnastic con­cept. It's the age old syndrome of everybody want­ing to get to heaven, yet nobody willing to die to get there . ..

My question is, " Do we really give a dam?" Surely it isn't evidenced by the greater number of our supposed coaches. All of them want to be

., heard, yet most of them are afraid to speak . IT IS BOTH THE' DUTY AND THE RESPONSIBILITY OF KNOWLEDGEABLE PEOPLE DEDICATEDTO A FIXED PURPOSE TO COMMUNICATE TO AS MANY CON­CERNED THOSE UNDERSTANDINGS AND PRAC­TICES WHICH SERVE TO ENHANCE THE CAUSE.

We of the MG staff feel everyone has something of value to offer. Many of us can contribute signifi­cantly to the national coaching scene through MG' s ongoing series 'Anyone For All Around' . In this light, we again are asking all of the MG readers to send in articles dealing with any facet of the AII ­Around . . . i .e., ' skill analyses, teaching / coaching points, illustrations, photo-sequences , special prob­lem areas, etc.

Help us help our gymnast on a national level. Submit your article to me at the address below.

Dr. Gerald S. George, Coordinator Dept. of Physical Education Old Dominion University Norfolk, Virginia 23508

* * *

NEXT EDITION: Report of the USSR vs USA Compe­tition at Penn State, another photo sequence routine, one sixth of an "Anyone For All -Around " report, " The Fly-a-Way" , a parody on a Long Horse vault by Robert B. Davis plus many more MG features .

b TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME XIII I NUMBER 2 I FEBRUARY 1971

4 NOTES FROM THE EDITOR, Glenn Sundby

6 CHALK TALK

8 MODERN GYMNAST MADEMOISELLE, Vicki Lynn Beck

9 CANADIAN REPORT, John Nooney

10 NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL NEWS, Bi" Ba"ester

12 CALIFORNIA WINTER GYMNASTICS CLINIC, BERKELEY, CALIF., Jerry Wright and Steve Lerner

15 UNITED STATES TRAMPOLINE ASSOCIA­TION NATIONAL CLINIC AND ORGAN~ IZATIONAL MEETING , Ronnie Munn

16 MG SEQUENCE PHOTO, Takuji Hyata

18 HAIR, James A. Petrino

20 GYMNASTICS CAMP!, Daniel J. Mi"man 21 THE INFERNAL SPOTTING MACHINE 1984,

Robert B. Davis 22 A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO DETERMINE

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RANGE OF MOVEMENT AT THE ELBOW JOINT AND SUCCESS IN SELECTED SKILLS IN GYMNASTICS, Chic Johnson

24 BUILDING AND USING A HORIZONTAL BAR SPOTTING TABLE, John Emre

26 LETTERS

27 BOOK REVIEWS, Dick Criley 27 MG CALENDAR

28 MG INDEX FOR 1970 - VOL. X" , A. B. Frederick, Compiler

~OVER: Featured on this month's MG is an orig­mal watercolor by Robert Egusa. Bob is currently a student at the Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles, his major is illustration.

PUBLISHER·EDITOR: Glenn Sundby ASSOCIATE EDITORS, STAFF: Kenneth Sakoda, Dick Criley

ASSOCIATE EDITORS, FEATURE: A Bruce Frederick, Education; Dr. James S. Bosco, Research; Jerry Wright, Competition; Frank Bare, USGF; John Nooney, Canada; Andrzej Gonera, European; Gerald George, Dan Millman, Don Tonry, AA Instructional; Bi ll Roetzheim, In­structional.

THE MODE RN GYMNAST magazine is published by Sundby Publications, 410 Broadwa y, Santa Monico, Ca lifo rni a 9040 1. Second Class Postage paid a t San ta Monica , Ca lif . Pub li shed monthly except bi .monthly June , J uly, August and. Septembe r. Price $6.00 per year, 60e a sing le copy . Subscription correspond­ence, The MODERN GYMNAST, P.O . Box 6 11, Santa Monica, California 90406. Copyrig ht 197 1© all rights reserved by SUNDBY PUB LI CATIONS, 4'10 Broadway, Santa Monica , Calif. All photos and manuscripts submitted become the property of The MODERN GYMNAST un less a re tu rn request and suffi cient posta ge a re included.

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"The Russians Are Coming!" The USSR will send its men 's and wom­

en's national teams to the United States for a tour early next month and Penn State is the fi rst stop on the agenda. The Soviet men will meet a team of present and former Penn State gymnasts on Saturday, February 6. The Russian women, the cur­rent world champions, will compete against the United States national team the preceding Friday, February 5.

" Uri Titov (former world champion now coach of the Soviet national team) told me they are accepting the invitation not 50

much to improve in their sport, but to see and examine the facilities and methods used in training the student gymnasts in large univers iti es," Wettstone says. " I think they are also interested in traveling through thi s country and enjoying the social aspects of such a tri p."

" The Soviet athlete today is far different than he was 1 0 years ago," Wettstone notes. "They are well-mannered individ­uals, ready and willing to assoc iate with others. Whereas they used to be aloof, now they are eager to meet people, dis­cuss politics and western ideals-although they are not completely ready or expected to agree with them."

This Penn State meet will be over with by the MG (Feb. issue) press tim e. The re­sults will be featured in the next issue (March).

Sokol Woodlands' Clinic A Complete Success

The 1970 eight-week Sokol Invitational Gymnastic Train ing School (Cli nic) at Sokol Woodlands, Barryville, N.Y. has had an­other successful season. It has developed into one of the best organized and con­ducted gymnastic training institutes in the country. The Sokol Woodland's Gymnastic Training School is recognized and enthu­siastically supported by many high schoo l and college physical education teachers and coaches not only in the Eastern Area, but in such states as Illinois, Florida, and Cal iforn ia.

Registrants must be assigned to expert directorship; to thorough and effective in­struction; to the spacious and well equipped gymnasium in the huge field house; to the modern and well main­tained swimming pool; and the friendly domestic atmosphere, adequate sleeping quarters and good food.

Unusual enthusiasm and willingness to learn were in evidence, and the instructors acted accordingly. Every piece of apparatus

cording to their gymnastic abilities . Sokol Woodlands w ill be concluded

with a one-week school on modern gym­nastics. Instructions will include progres­sion, theory and practice, and teaching methods with va ri ous hand implements, such as balls, Indian clubs, jump-rope, hoops, streamers, etc. The school will open on August 28th and will cont inue through September 4th.

Report from the Texas High School Gymnastic Clinic Brian W. Schenk, director John H. Reagan High Schoo l Austin, Texas, Dec. 27-30,1970

One hundred twenty-si x high school gym nasts and eleven teachers part ic ipated in a schoo l gymnastics-oriented Clinic dur­ing the Christmas holidays at Reagan High School in the Texas capita l city. Twenty­two clinicians, led by Joe Giallombardo (New Trie r West High School, Northfield, 111.); and Darlene Schmidt (Southwest Texas State University) were act ive in the instructional program . Needed equipment was fu rnish ed by Nissen Corporation and the sponsoring John H. Reagan High School Gymnastics Club.

The Texas High School Compulsory Ex­ercises were taught during the first days of the clinic, placing emphasis on careful execut ion of basic sk ill s. Separate gym-

Receiving awards during Texas High School Gymkana are Outstanding clinic students Eugene Hayman (I.), 16, Junior, Deer Park, and Cathy Moore, 17, Senior, Midland (3d from I.). Head men 's clinician Joe Giallombardo and head women 's clin­ician Darlene Schmidt join them in the presentation ceremony. Texas High School Clinic, December 30, 1970.

was utilized. The students were teamed ac- Sokol Woodlands Clinic

6

nasiums for the boys and girls programs pe rmitted simultaneous classes in severa l events each hour. Optional exercises and rout ine building were taught during'the remaining days of the Clinic.

Th e Texas High School Gymkana was presented Wednesday even ing, December 30th as the highlight of the Clinic. Twenty­eight gym nasts were se lected from eleven Texas schoo ls to participate in demonstra­tions of the State Compulsories and of opitional exercises in All Around events, plus trampoline and tumbling.

In a special coaches meeting during the Clini c, Coach Emil Milan (L. D. Bell High, Hurst) was elected President of a newly formed Texas High School Gymnastic Coaches Association, for a three-year term of office. Brian Schenk (Reagan, Austin) and Sharon Cranfill (Be ll High , Hurst) were e lected Vice President and Secretary of the Association, also for three-year terms. The Coaches Association is affi I iated with the Gymnastic Association of Texas (State­wide al l-l evel gymnastic coordinating or­ganization). The Coaches Association will be the governin g body for interscholastic gymnastic competition until the sport is accepted by the State Interscholastic League for school competition state-wide.

EASTMAN KODAK

Eastman Kodak Co. has announced its support of the United States Olympic team during the 1972 Olympic Games.

Kodak wi ll work through photo retai lers and customers to offer an Olympic me­mento. Through sa les of this memento, Kodak hopes to raise more than $100,000 for the Olympic team.

In add iti on to the funds to th e team, Kodak will also provide U.S. team mem­bers with cameras and films. A Kodak spokesman said each Olympian will re­ceive a Kodak Instamatic camera, f ilm and necessary accesso ri es 50 that he can build a visual record of his days as an Olympic performer.

Belated Credit Th is is to correct an oversight on our

part. In the November (1970) issue of the MG (page 12) we ran an article entitl ed THE SMOKING GYMNAST. By accident, it ra n w ithout the author's. name. Th e author of that article was Thomas Boone of the UniveFsity of Florida.

1971 TENTATIVE OLYMPIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN (Part of National and 6 Year Olympic Development

Program - approved at 1970 Coaches Congress and Olympic Committee Meeting)

U.S.S .R. Japan U.S.S.R. World MATCH COM - Invitational in U.S.A. Cup

PETITION Feb. 2-11 May 22 April 23-27

4 and4 Miami, Riga, Russia Florida

t-- GYMNASTS SELECTED BY NATIONAL STAFF --i N.C.A.A. Championships of Any National 5 Slot

Top 10 plus U.S .A. Top 10 organization Positions 107 scores plus 107 scores with Nat'liudges

Apr. 1, 2, 3 April 15-17 FIG Program

t f t_ t Pan American and National Team Pan. Am . Entries All must be Tryouts June 18-19 by June 20th U.S. citizens

l'

Olympic Training Camp June 20-26

Top 15 plus 3 slot

L International Match Competitions France-Bulgaria-Roumania

July 1-21

Pan American Games Columbia, South

America - Depart July 25 (Miami) July 30 competition begins.

NATIONAL GYMNASTICS JUDGES ASSOCIATION

ANNOUNCES ...

1971 NCAA compulsory e xe r­cises are avai la b le for purchase (inc ludes 1972 Olympic Compu l­so ry e xe rcises on SR, LH, PB and HB p lu s stick figure s and poi nt

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ATTENTION HIGH SCHOOLS: Be sure to get in the re­sults of your area's high school championsh i ps early if you want them in the MG high school issue. -ed.

7

8

Vicki Lynn Beck Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. james Beck,

Crestline, Ohio. Sophomore at Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.

Member of the Crestline Gymnastic Club-Traveling Team-

2nd Place - All -Round, 1965 LEAAU junior Olympics, Intermediate Division.

3rd Place - Uneven Parallel Bars, LEAAU jun. Olympics, 1965, Int. Division.

4th Place - Floor Exercise, 1965 LEAAU jun. Olympics, Int. Division.

5th Place - Balance Beam, 1965 LEAAU jun . Olympics, Int. Division.

1 st Place - All -Round, Side Horse Vau It, Floor Exercise, Uneven P. Bars, Balance Beam, 1965 Crestline Invitational Meet.

1 st Place - All-Round, Uneven P. Bars, Floor Exercise, 1966 and 1967 Crestline Invitational Meet. .

1 st Place - Columbus Turners Meet, Un­even P. Bars, 1966, junior Division.

1 st Place - Mansfield YWCA Meet, Un­even P. Bars, 1966 and 1967.

2nd Place - All -Round, Cleveland Swiss Turners Meet, 1970, Novice Div.

Member of Kent State University Gym­nastic Club, M ember of Kent State "Gym­nastics in Motion," 1970.

4th Runner Up - Miss Heart of Ohio (Miss America Pageant) 1969. Talent Win­ner - Miss Heart of Ohio Pageant, 1969 (Uneven P. Bars and Floor Exercise).

Winner - Miss Heart of Ohio (Miss America Pageant) 1970. Top Ten Finalist­Miss Ohio Pageant, 1970.

Freshman Cheerleader ---'- Kent State Uni­versity, 1969. Varsity Cherleader - Kent State University, 1970.

Vicki has received many recogn itions from local papers for her work with gym­nastics and youth work. She has been listed in " Who's Who in American High Schools," Student Council Member of High School.

CANADIAN

HI REPORT

by John Nooney 18 Lavington Dr. Weston, Ontario

HERE AND THERE Mr. H. Matsuda (formerly Yamashita) is

on the staff of the University of Alberta until the end of February, perhaps longer if you are interested in having a clinic by I japan's coach, please write Mr. Geoff El­liot, Faculty of Physical Education, Univer­sity of Alberta Edmonton.

2nd National Technical Conference Postponed to the New Year. Discussions

will be on the new Meet Manual and the " Aims and Objectives of the Technical Committee.

AMERICAN COACHES I appreciate you writing to me as regards

teaching positions etc., in Canada. Nat­urally as some of you know I am only too delighted to give you all the information but may I suggest that contacting the Chairman of the College Coaches Assns. at Guelph University. Mr. jack Charteris, Guelph University, Ontario, Canada might be ' more helpful as jack has his own news­letter etc., and is in touch with all our Canad ian colleges.

INVITATIONAL WORLD GYMNASTIC TOURNAMENT, WINNIPEG

Congratulations to the organizers of this first world invitation meet. By the time you read thi s this very excellent event will be over. it hoped that France, Italy, japan, Yugoslavia, Russia, U.S.A. and Canada will have attended. My personal congratulations to all the gymnastic fraternity in the city of Winnipeg.

INFORMATION ON GYMNASTICS Mr. Lew Waller our National Secretary,

357 Duke of Kent Ave., Pointe Cliare, Que. has put together a list "Where to Get It" Compulsories, Book etc., the U.S.G.F. list M. G. Mille Olypiche Turnkunst Code of Points etc. He has put price, address and a brief description. This is an excellent gu ide to anyone gymnast, coach, teacher etc. Please write Lew for this part of his news­letter. This man is doing an outstanding job as National Secretary.

NORTH YORK GYM CLUB, TORONTO Often we overlook unsung heroes as we

concentrate on world championships etc., but the heart of the sport is the local gym­nastic club. May i take this opportunity to thank Mr. and Mrs. Karl Nutzenberger the founders of this club and one of our earlier pioneers of the sport in Ontario. Lest it be forgotten by new members of the Sport it was the emigrants from Europe that brought this sport to Canada. Karl and Margaret helped found in the early days the

German Harmonie Club in Toronto. Karl starts a new career as a teacher in one of our local high schools and Margaret con­tinues to run the club. Canada needs more people like the Nutzenbergers. Thank you Margaret and Karl.

INTERCOLLEGIATE GYMNASTICS

by jack Charteris, Guelph Univ.

There is much to report, much to be done, and the C.I.G.C.A. has a long way to go to realize its aims for current, and subsequent, seasons.

The World Student Games is behind us now - hopefully leaving many of us with ideas for improvements for the future. Re­ports on those games, and results, appear herein.

URGENT

We have yet to hear from any Confer­ence in the country. - Please treat the fo llowing d irective as personal and urgent :

If you are interested in promoting the c.I.G.c.A. in your Conference, please let this office know. My address is :

Professor j . Charteris School of Physical Education College of Biological Sciences

University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario

Any collegiate coach whose interest is sufficient may represent the Conference in which his/ her team competes. Only in the Ontario region have Conference represen­tatives been properly delegated . Duties of Conference representatives are negl igible at the present time, and involve nothing more than providing your presidents with channels for communciation with the re­spective Conferences. A strong C.I.G.C.A. must be based on interest at the Confer­ence level rather than unilateral decision­making by your Ontario-dominated execu­tive. Please show your support by writ­ing us.

New Coaches We can now officially welcome Arno

Lascari and Sandra Hartley (U .B.C.), and Barry Brooker (Queens) to the growing ranks of well-qualified collegiate-level coaches in Canada, many of whom are making themselves known not only as coaches but also as administrators at the Provincial and National level. U.B.C. and Queens are among the universities whose forward-looking employment policies in this sport will doubtless soon pay divi­dends in national and international student competition .

Compulsory Routines (Men) 1970-1972 Accompanying this newsletter is the text

of the C.I.G .C.A. compulsory routines, drawn up for possible use at the March 1971 C.I.G.c.A. National Championships and, certainly, for use during the 1971-72 academic year.

The purpose of these routines is basi­cally twofold:

(1) To discipline intercollegiate Gym­nasts aspiring to F.I.S.U. World Student Games competition to the rigors of full competition and' to the demands on time and energy involved in perfecting such routines.

(2) To ensure a nationwide coverage by coaches of certain basic or otherwise im­portant movement-forms which may be unconsciously neglected by individual gym­nasts or coaches, with later disastrous con­sequences.

NOTE: These routines, as formulated by Tom Zivic of York University, will be used at the 1971 C.I.G .C.A. Championships (York University, March 6th) unless sufficient coaches oppose the scheme, in writing, directly to me.

We should point out:-(1) These routines are not intended for

all university gymnasts. Only those gym­nasts asp iring to a position on their Con­ference teams need seriously work the compulsory routines, for only the best six from each Conference will perform the compulsories at the C.I.G .C.A. Nationals.

(2) The best six men from each Confer­ence should be able to master these rou­tines in the five months that l ie ahead. Less experi enced gymnasts have until the 1972 C.I.G .C.A. championships to learn and perfect these same routines.

(3) Copies of the compulsories can be obtained direct from Mr. Tom Zivic York Uni verSity, Toronto, Ontario.

C.I.G.C.A. National Championships (Men and Women) York University, March 6th

Arrangements are already in progress to make this the best-ever National Intercol­legiate Meet; no mean task in view of the successes of 1969 and 1970. Doubtless Tom Zivic and Carol-Anne Letheren w ill have up to the minute pre-meet bulletins out in the not too distant future to keep all coaches posted on arrangements, rules etc. National T.V. Coverage will, as at Edmon­ton, do much to promote our sport and this Association .

Changes of Address - New Personnel Please advise me on above changes­

al so ask around to see that fellow coaches at the Collegiate level are on our mailing list.

C.I.G.C.A. Crest To date only one design has been sub­

mitted (in two variations) for a C.I.G.C.A. crest. There must be coaches or their gym­nasts with an artistic bent who can equal or beat this. justice cannot be done (on stencils) to these designs but at least you can picture the concept. For the present we will receive all designs and the choice of a C.I.G.C.A. crest will be made at the March A.G.M. As envisaged, the crest will be made available to all coaches, and to all gymnasts competing at the C.I.G.C.A. Nationals. Gymnasts who compete at the World Student Games will have suitable endorsements under the crest ego " TORINO -1970."

The purpose of the crest is to foster unity and to provide our top gymnasts with identifiable badges for competitions.

The present submissions are intended for a blue or navy blazer (as yet to be decided) with words and maple-leaf in scarlet outlined with silver wire and figures outlined in silver wire.

9

NATIONAL BIGB SCBOOL NEWS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL GYMNASTIC COACHES ASSOCIATION

By the Seat of Your Pants! Bill Ballester, President NHSGCA and Nationally and Internationally Certified Judge

Ever since gymnasts began competing against one another, there has always been a need to evaluate their performances to determine the winners. Methods of evalua­tion have varied almost as much as the performances of the gym'nasts themselves.

In every Sokol or Turnverein there were the older gymnasts who had their own method of evaluation-many times closely guarded, many times unknown to even themselves. One popular method of scor­ing was for four or five elders to group around a table and discuss each routine over a stein of beer!

With the inception of international com­petition, however, there became a need for standardization, for an 8.5 routine to be an 8.S routine everywhere in the world. As a result, the Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) has compiled and dis­tributed our gymnastics "B ible" of rul es that is internationally accepted. The FIG Rule Book is certainly a work of dedica­tion; its flaws for the most part are found only within the interpretation of the reader. It has helped to solve the problem of national and international standards of judging; however, it has not completely filled a much needed method for the less knowledgeable (but interested) judge to evaluate the routine of a novice gymnast.

Recently I was asked to conduct a six­hour course on judging gymnastics. The group of men involved in the class were junior high and high school coaches, and interested people who wanted to become judges. The majority of these men had not been competitive gymnasts, and none had received a background in FIG judging. After approximately twenty minutes, dur­ing which time I was presenting just the basic principles of judging, I was asked, " What are A-B-C moves?" This question stunned me! The question was not to give an A or B or C value to a particular move, but just to explain what an A, B, or C move actually was! I then asked if this question was also a concern to others; the majority responded yes. THE PROBLEM : The entire FIG Rules Book is based on th e ability to recognize ABC moves and their combinations. Without this ability, FIG rules are almost meaningless. These men then informed me that they would be judging within the next month! It became quite clear that I must attempt to give them some method to evaluate routin es, espec;ially routines of very low value. The

10

following evo lved: Seat of Your Pants Judging!

For Whom? Those who do not have a knowledge of ABC moves and must judge.

Objective: To deve lop a method of eva luating gymnastics routines.

Basic Range of Scores

0- 2.0 1.5 med ium score The routine does not have any difficult moves and is done with poor form , lack of rhythm, and many interruptions.

1.5 - 3.0 2.5 medium score The routine appears easy, but is done with rhythm, fluid move­ment, few form breaks and less sit-downs and stops.

2.5 - 4.5 3.5 medium score The routine is easy with a few harder moves done very well­smooth movement, good form, and no sits or stops.

or The routine has a majority of medium-difficulty moves. It looks fairly hard, but execution is poor, rhythm is bad, and stops are pronounced.

4.0 - 6.0 5.0 medium score The routine is of medium diffi­culty, done rather well, with form, rhythm, and few stops.

or The routine is mainly of me­dium difficulty with a few diffi­cult moves, but is done poorly with poor form, lack of rhythm, and has stops or interruptions.

or The routine cons.ists of less dif­ficult moves mixed with medium difficulty, done exceptionally well with good form, has rhythm, and is flowing.

5.5 - 7.5 6.5 med ium score The routine is of medium diffi­culty done extremely well with good form, good rhythm, and no stops.

or The routine is basically of me­dium difficulty moves in addi­tion to a few highly difficult moves done with fair form and fairly fluid movements.

7.0 - 9.0 8.0 med ium score The routin e is done with good leg form, very little show of ef­fort and continues to move throughout. The majority of moves appear to be very difficult.

or The routine consists of high difficulty, good movement, with a break or interruptions, stops or sits.

8.5 - 10.0 9.0 medium score The routine begins and contin­ues throughout with top body

control and fluidness ... a rou­tine that makes you think wow! with no flaws other than small toe breaks.

Th e class then judged routines of vary­ing values from .5 to 8.5 with the SOUP system while I judged FIG . The results­with a small deviation of .5 either way, most of the judges and I were within range the majority of the ti me.

A Quick Look at Values

0-1.5, Poor; 1.5 - 2.5, Fair for begin­ners ; 2.5 - 4.5, Good score for Jr. high and high school frosh; 4.5 - 6.0, Very good frosh-soph high school score; 6.0 - 7.5, Good high school score for varsity; 7.5-8.5, Great high school score; good college score; 8.5 - Up, Top Gymnast.

I recommended to the group that when two judges are scoring, they confer on the fi rst performance of the meet, and, if necessary, the first performer on each event. To make scoring fairly consistent, I also suggested the judges have a con­ference if their scores deviated more than 1.0 if two judges, and .5 Jf four judges are used .

This method of judging will make most certified judges cringe-as it does me; however, if a need exists, and it does, we must be prepared to meet that need rea l istically.

If you are confronted with a similar problem to mine, try some of these ideas. Perhaps change the values, but give your judges some type of interim method of scoring and then provide courses in FIG to supplement thei r knowledge.

Give it a try! Good luck. Keep guessing. If you want any particulars, drop me a line for particulars at the University of Wiscon­sin-Parkside in Kenosha, Wisconsin .

MAINE Report by Jim Connolly

A general picture of Maine gymnastics, past and present, and venture a few predic­tions for th e future.

For six years the Maine Association for Health , Physical Education and Recreation has sponsored state wide gymnastics. Th e State is divided into three geographical divisions for area competition. Events in­clude tumbling, plus the six Olympic events. Top six finalists in each area qualify for the State Finals held on March 29th. Top ten finalists score points on a first-11 , second 9, etc., basis . Team scoring th e highest total is team champion . Individual scoring the highest total is rated the State's Individual Champion.

South Portland has won the six years of competition. The first year the champion­ship was on an informal basis. The last five years there has been official competition with a State Champion team trophy and an Individual Champion trophy.

Until last year the Regional and State competition was the sum total of gymnas­tic competition in the State. Feeling that dual team competition was necessa ry to stimulate interest in the sport, and recog-

nlzlng that i t was vita l that a corps of qualified gymnastic judges be train ed, the Maine Gymnastic Coaches and Offic ials Association was formed. Drawing o n the experience of the Massachusetts Gymnast ic Coaches Assoc iation , and with the cooper­ation of George Jessup, pres ident of th e group, the Maine organization was pat­terned close ly after th at of Massachusetts.

A league was organized and d ual com­petition was cond ucted. South Portland won the team champi onship undefeated. Biddeford, Augusta, Watervill e, Georges Vall ey, and Oxford Hill s ended in that order. Biddeford and Augusta ti ed for second place. Rumfo rd has joined the league thi s year.

A number of schools, tho' not entered in the league, for reasons of distance most­ly, have, none-the- Iess, made good show­ings in th e Reg ional s and State Finals. Presque Isle, Brewer, and Bangor are among them.

Th e Maine Gy.mnast ic Coaches and Offi­cials Associati o n elected th e following off i­cers: James J. Connolly, South Portland, Pres ident; James MacKenzie, South Port­land, Vice-president; Winthrop Houghton, Biddefo rd, Secretary; Charl es Merrill , Wa­terville, Treasurer.

Th e Association took on the challenge of preparing officials. Conducting regu lar meet ings over the past two wi nters, a small but ab le group of j udges has been trai ned -men dedi cated to gymnastics. Unfortu­nately, many potentia l officia ls, unable or unwilli ng to devote th e time to meetings and study did not stay w ith the course. However, we do have enough trained offi-

c ial s so it won ' t be necessary now to re­cru it Massachusetts officia ls for o ur com­petition. We are very grateful to the Massa­chusetts officials for all their help.

We have adop ted the Massachusetts Officials Association fee scale and it was accepted by ·th e State Principal 's Associa­tion. This Association has also sanct ioned our League competit ion and offered a cham p io nsh ip trophy.

Compa rin g Maine's progress in gymnas­tics wi th other areas of the country is diffi­cult. We have most certainly improved greatly ove r th e seven yea rs we have con­ducted compet iti on. We have developed some good so lid individual gymnasts. For examp le, a tea m selected from the top per­formers in last year's State Finals could probably compare favorably with Massa­chusetts or other, more advanced states.

Team balance is usually another matter. Since a boy in Maine is introd uced to gym­nastics in hi s sophomore year, team depth is usually lacking.

Th e biggest problem for al l schoo ls is difficulty in securing practice tim e. Gyms are monopolized by basketball and other sports. Gymnastics, having a low priority, must sc ramb le to catch practice tim e when and where th ey can.

Then, too, there is a dearth of trained gym nast ic coaches. All of us w ho coach league teams are Phys ica l Education people w ith no gymnastic backgrounds. Most of us are more football or basketball o ri ented than gym nast ics, but beca use of a genuine

interest in the sport, have availed ourse lves of th e c lin ics and other sources to pick up what we could to do justice to the sport.

Except that we retain tumblin g, we con­duct our competition by F. I. G. rul es .

We do not have trampol ine or any spe­cial event other th an tumb l ing, and th e sentiment now is mi xed-lea ns toward eliminating tumbling next yea r.

Average size of squads is about fourteen. As mentioned before, we have league

competition, with a champion dec ided on percentage over th e season. This compet i­t ion is sponsored by th e Maine Gym nast ic Coaches and Officia ls Associat ion , with th e sanction of th e State Princi pal s' Asso­ciat ion. Th e Regional and State Final s are con ducted by th e M aine Associat ion for Hea lth, Physica l Educa ti on and Recreation -Fred Do uglas, consultant.

We do not cond uct A ll-A ro und. In the State Finals, the ind ivid ual sco rin g th e most po ints is awarded a trophy for out­standing indiv idua l gymnast.

As to how many men compete in an event, we have adopted m ost all of M assa­chusetts rul es, etc. We enter fou r boys in an event, three top sco rers of each team count. We do not enter an all arou nd, as do Massachusetts teams.

As to th e future of gym nastics in M aine, i t is overly optim istic to expect that th e next few yea rs wil l bring a trem endous up­surge of interest among pa rti c ipa nts or spectators.

We are making progress, and peop le are becom ing more aware of the sport. Let's see w hat thi s yea r bri ngs!

Gymnastics in Montana As I See It Hal Halvorson Coach Flathead High Kalispell , Montana

As Billings West Coach, Tom Lu x, men­tioned in th e A ug.-Sept. Modern Gymnast, gymnastics in Montana has been trans­formed from an exhi bit ion activity to a competit ive spo rt in some schools. Thi s is the third year it has been off iciall y recog­nized as a high schoo l sport. Pockets of gymnasti cs activities have been going for the past ten yea rs or so, however.

Eastern Montana Co ll ege in Billings has probably done the most to get the sport off the ground . Former Eastern Coach, Phil Levi, Kalispell 's Jack Foust, Eastern 's P.E . Directo r, Dr. Alterowitz, and another fo rm er Eastern Coach , Frank Hailand, are a few of the names that come to my mind.

Phil Levi pushed for the adoption of the U.S.G.F. workbook ro utines, w hich for the last seve ral yea rs have served as th e states ' compulsori es . One of the biggest helps th e compulso ri es have give n, has been to g ive many inexperi enced coaches something to work on.

The six Olympic events for th e men and four for th e women are used in the meets. Occasionally special events such as tramp­oline and tumbl ing are inco rporated into th e meets at the coaches discretion. Be­ca use of the si ze of the state, however, most meets are large invitationals and iust

getting through the Olympic events is a good sized chore. Some of the schools make extensive use of th e trampoline as a teaching aid and showp iece for se lling their p rograms w hile others are not even allowed trampo lines in their gymnas iums.

At the present time women's gym nasti cs is severa l years ahead of the men's . Th e main reason being that there are less activ­ities for gi rls to turn to, and enti ci ng potential female "athletes" into the gym is eas ier than attracting potential male " athletes." Probably th e m ost active schoo ls gymnast ica ll y are Great Fall s, Bill­ings, and Kali spe ll. Presentl y, th ere are about six schoo ls that can field a full m en's team, and about a dozen with a full g irl 's team . Th e competitive season touch es December and finishes up w ith the Divisional meets, February 20, and the State M eet, March 5 and 6.

Besides th e unive rsal problems of few coaches and few judges, th e size of the state is a tremendous obstacle. Two and three hundred mile trips by ca r or bus are commonplace. Thi s year as a result of this and th e increase in participants the state has been geographi ca lly divided into East­ern and Western Divis ions. Another major problem is a lack of support from the Uni­versity System. Eastern M ontana College in Billings is th e onl y co ll ege offering both a compet iti ve men's and women's program. Several of the other schoo ls do offe r a " limited" women 's program . In most cases, however, they are not as far along as th e high schools. Many athl etes are discour­aged and steered away from gymnast ics as a result.

Many of th ese problems are being ove r­come-mainly by taking the gymnastics to the people. My own goal in Kalispell has been to make " GYMNASTICS" a house­hold word. W e have had Saturday pro­grams, summer programs, parade floats, picnics, show bits, parti es, and halftimes.

Rath er than fee ling threatened the "es­tablished sports" are rea liz ing the value of gymnastic activities as an athlete devef­o per rather than a " mickey mo use" activ­ity using up potential athletes.

Please find my $10.00 annual membership dues to the National High School Gymnastic Coaches Association enclosed and include my name and high school on the NHSGCA roster w ith all the priv i leges granted thereof.

Coach : _ _ _________ _

High School:

Address: _ _______ _

NHSGCA POST OFFI CE BOX 110, SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA 90406

11

California Winter G IDnasties C Inie Bet:keley~ CalIf • h'~;" :,,~,~"~~~~';:'~ b:;::, ,,:;,~~;, ':;';:' Report by jerry Wright

To begin with, the California Winter Gymnastics Clinic was divided into two clinics this year. The men's clinic was held at U.c. Berkeley and the Women's clinic was held at Sacramento State College.

The men 's clinic had some 251 regis­trants and these were divided into 7 groups according to all around ability.

The major part of the instruction was compulsory oriented with a student as­signed a compulsory routine commensurate with his ability in a particular event. Com­pulsory exercises included those from the USGF age group work book, the junior Olympic compulsories and the 1972 Olym­pic compulsories.

12

nasts who were used as assistant instruc­tors. Unfortunately the majority of these people were \mdependabl e, unreliable and inefficient. Causing the instructional part of the program to suffer somewhat more than necessary.

There was one competition and that was on the first day and was an invitational meet. The performances were not great but many were quite good for the early season. By and large the clinic was con­sidered a success by most of those in attendance. Comments on the use of compulsories were largely favorable with most people suggesting they be retai ned but that they be used in conjunction with optional work.

It is anticipated that there might well be some significant changes for the next clinic.

Clinic director Hal Frey invites sugges­tions from anyone who attended the clinic that might improve the clinic and allow the participants to get even more out of the clinic.

Th e highlight of the clinic was probably the four master clinics given by Mr. Masi ­yuki Watanabe (on the SH, SR, PB and HB). An inspirational gymnast and an in­spired teacher.

All Around 1. George Greenfield - 52 .10; 2. Roger

Haldeman - 47.25; 3. joe Sweeney - 46.50; 4. Barney Peters - 46.32; 5. jim jennings-43 .05.

Floor Exercise

1. G. Greenfield - 9.1; 2. D. Hills - 8.75; 2. Dale Fege - 8.75.

Side Horse 1. Todd Chisum - 8.45; 1. G. Greenfie ld

- 8.45; 3. john Regan - 8.4.

Photos by Bob Smith

Still Rings

1. Maurice Williams - 8.75 ; 1. Roger Haldeman - 8.75; 1. George Engbrecht-8.75.

Long Horse

1. Jim Turpin - 9.3; 2. Dan Bowles-9.15 ; 3. Roger Haldeman - 8.55 ; 3. Joe Sweeney - 8.55 .

Parallel Bars

1. G. Greenfield - 9.05; 2. Sergio Luna-8.8; 3. Barney Peters - 8.75.

High Bar

1. G. Greenfield - 9.2; 2. Dan Bowles-9.0; 3. Joe Sweeney - 8.8.

Special Report by Steve Lerner

PREFACE

The following is a " report" on the Berke­ley Clinic. I used the word report in quotes because this article is anything but an ob­jective, factual presentation . It contains a large degree of editorializing which re­flects my own feelings and prejudices as a trampolinist. In fact, it seems to me upon re- reading what I have written , that r used the Berkeley Clinic merely as a de­vice to vent my own thoughts on the nature of gymnastics. So be it. For those who wish to find out more information on the clinic per se, I solicit your attendance at the Un iversity of California next Christ­mas.

I went to the Berkeley Clinic this year with a certain amount of skepticism about how successful the whole proceeding would be. My own personal experience in participation in things of this sort has left me with the feeling that something was lacking-maybe the quality of in­struction wasn't quite what I expected; perhaps there wasn't enough "free-time"; etc. Maybe these impressions were purely subjective-anyway, I went to UC to check out my personal views towards clinics. I left with many opinions other than my own, mostly pro and a few con, about .this clinic and the purpose of any clinic, 'in general.

I interviewed several coaches and in­structors, asking them all what the purpose of the clinic was and to afterwards add any personal observations, criticism and comments. I injected my personal bias by inviting specific comments on the future of the trampoline and whether it has any relevance for gymnastics. I. Purpose of the Gymnastics Clinic

All of the instructors and/or coaches that I talked to believed that the primary purpose was dissemination of information on a mass scale. With this in mind, there arise some- imPlications, some obvious, others not quite so.

First, the fact that the individual is, ipso facto of secondary importance, means that he is not going to get much direct super­vision , but will have to be satisfied with absorbing the proper technique rather than physically mastering any given point. This was a major gripe by many gymnasts. There was simply not enough (free) time

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14

to try and apply what was taught. To this end, Dan Millman (Coach - Stanford Uni­versity) suggested that along with the reg­ular setup, with coaches instructing every­one all of the time, that there be appara­tus set up for those who are best able to motivate themselves without the presence of an instructor. A gymnast, if he so de­sired, could, after listening to what he thought suited him, work out in an atmos­phere more conducive to his particular style of training. Of course, he would be free to return and maybe pick up some more bits and pieces of information when he so desired.

The second point is that the information disseminated should be correct technique. Herein lay the source for another com­plaint, i. e., that some of the instructors were inconsistent in what they said and often at odds with each other. My own feeling in this regard is that all those who are to act as instructors (at least at the official level) should meet together prior to the start of the clinic and make sure that all that can be made uniform and consistent with regard to teaching be done so, so that when the participants arrive, all of the signals will be the same.

Extending this point a bit further, it seems that there ought to be a clinic for coaches and instructors prior to the regular clinic. Not all coaches can coach but at the very least they should have a com­mand of what is correct insofar as tech­nique is concerned . Of course, being knowledgeable in the mechanical aspects of gymnastics in no way guarantees suc­cess as a coach. The other side of the coin is getting that information inside each gymnast's head . A coach who can do both is sure to be a winner; one who just knows mechanics but is nothing spe­cial as a judge of individual aspirations and desires, will be mediocre; and the coach who is weak in both areas (or even just the former), well ....

Thirdly,it was stated by several people that due to the unavailability of individual instruction that the gymnast had to learn how to do stunts by watching others. This method of gathering information has been too lightly stressed in my judgment and this explains why little free time is allotted for clinic workouts (except for lunch and after a full day's instruction. Every try working out on your own after spending an entire day doing what others have told you to do?). Many gymnasts, no matter how many times you tell them the correct way to do things, still cannot master a move until they see it done. Also, a gym­n.ast who resists verbal instructions be­cause he may have an independent mind or just because he's a smart-ass-know-it­all, may benefit only from a relaxed, 11.011.­

supervised work out. These people must not be written off or ignored, a) because they have a right to pursue gymnastics as a sport and b) because the sport needs all the interested people it can attract.

II. Organization To a man, all of the instructors thought

that the organization of the clinic and the quality of instruction was good as could

be had, although some of the participants expressed con trary opinions. Classes con­tinued all day with special instruction for the el ite gymnasts.

Along with the conventional instruction there was a series of lectu res given by Masayuki Watenabe on side horse, parallel bars, horizontal bar, and still rings, with Dan Millman covering long horse, free exercise, and trampoline. This was, by and large, an excellent opportunity for learn­ing the correct mechanical techniques on the six Olympic events. (Hal Frey, coach at the University of California and director of the clinic, decried the dearth of coaches in attendance and pointed out, " ... it was a sad situation .") In addition, Dan pointed out how the trampoline could be incorporated as a teaching device for the other events.

As stated before, though, some of the participants thought the instruction was not up to par. However, this was a func­tion of the number of participants enrolled in the clinic, and a too small number of instructors to go around. Considering the fact that it takes more money than could be raised by the registration fees to recruit instructors, not much could be done with­in the prevailing setup. The only possible way to decrease the student-instructor ratio would be to not require that every­one work in a class situation, thus freeing those instructors to work with those who really desired their advice. (See second paragraph of point 2 in part I for details).

III. Trampoline While everyone seemed to praised the

merits of the trampoline as a teaching device, it was pr(marily given lip service as a legitimate part of gymnastics. While people made a point of saying that " .. . a trampolinist works very hard." or that " ... trampolinists are gymnasts, tumblers are gymnasts ... " , it was the prevailing thought that the trampoline event is not gymnastics in the. same sense as the other six events. This is true only in the de jure sense of the word. It is my contention that trampoline will never become a training device (though many coaches are quick to heap praise all. its potential role as one) until it is recognized as a legitimate event on par with the other six. How can a coach use the tramp as a trai"ning device when he knows nothing about it? And he knows nothing because he is too busy training 20 team-members all. the six events -he simply cannot afford the time to coach trampoline because it doesn't show up directly in the team score. Of course, this is assuming that the school even has a tramp-after all , why budget money for equipment that the team won ' t even be competing on?

I won ' t make any formal suggestions here, but it seems to me that trampoline has a place, not only as a teaching device but in competitive gymnastics as well, from junior high, high school, up to col­lege level competition. It is probably far­fetched to push for any tie-in with gym­nastics at the international level in the near future but this too is a goal that should be strived for.

The Clinic featured these outstanding instructors: L to R, front row-Bob Bollinger, Rockford; Rick Kinsman, Barrie, Ont., Canada; Beverly Shuga, Rockford; Earle Duggan, Des Moines; Rosemary Umenhofer, Rockford; Barbara Thorton, Chicago; N,ewt Loken, Ann Arbor; and Beverly Avert, Austin, Texas, Back row-George Nissen, Cedar Rapids; Ron Munn, Columbus, Ohio; Ed Cole, Ann Arbor; Dave Salois, Rock­ford; Dave Ransom, Memphis; Janice Johnson, Bloomington, Illinois; Jeff Austin, Northlake, Illinois and Wayne Miller, Lafayette, Louisiana ..

In an effort to fill the vacuum left by the recent NCAA decision to abandon the Trampoline from gymnastic competition, an interested group of top Trampoline performers, coaches, teachers , and enthu­siasts concerned about continuing Tram­polining as a sport met in Cedar Rapids, Iowa on December 27-30, 1970 for the First National Trampoline Clinic.

About 100 youngsters were divided by age and ability and exposed to some of the finest Trampoline instructors in the nation, After four days of instruction, a special Griswold-Nissen Cup competition was held in Trampolining, Synchronized Trampolining, Tumbling, Spaceball and a new innovation, Trampoline Track. Wayne Miller (present World Trampoline Cham­pion) presented an official judging course in Trampolining, and Bob Bollinger offered an official instructors course for a Master Teacher's Certificate.

This type of clinic was a first for the sport of Trampolining, since in the past Trampolining has always been an added attraction to gymnastic clinics. Everyone's time and effort was devoted entirely to Trampolining therefore a great deal was accomplished. Plans are already being made for next year's Clinic which will be directed by the National Clinic Chairman, Jeff Hennessy.

During the four day clinic the first organizational meeting of the new United States Trampoline Association took place at which time officers for the 1971 year were elected and a general format dis­cussed. Jeff Austin (National A.A.U. Tram­poline Champion and Triton College Gym­nastic Coach) was elected President. Dr. Newt Loken (University of Michigan) was elected Vice President with Ronnie Munn (National A.A.U. Trampoline Champion) as Secretary-Treasurer.

Along with the executive officers the

following Committees were set up to carry out the future plans of the United States Trampolin e Association:

Technical Committee: Bob Bollinger, Chairman; Barbara Thornton , Wayne Mil­ler, Ken Marlin , Executive Officers.

Judges Certification Committee: Wayne Miller, Chairman.

Instructors Certification Committee: Bob Bollinger, Chairman.

Public Relations Committee: Ron Munn, Chairman; Rick Kinsman, Jeff Hennessy, Adli Rousdi,

Research Committee: Milton Davis, Chairman; Dave ' Ransom, Fred Webster, George Nissen, Dave Salois ,

Finance Committee: Bob Bevenour, Chairman; jeff Austin, Ron Munn, Francis Kaufman .

National Clinic Committee: jeff Hennes­sy, Chairman; Earle Duggan, Adli Rousdi , Barbara Thornton, Beverly Averyt, Troy Kauffman, Nancy Smith Blegan, and all other Committee Chairmen.

Historian Committee: Larry Griswold, Chairman; George Nissen, Bob Bollinger, jack Kaplan, Newt Loken.

Nominating Committee: jeff Austin, Chairman.

Awards Committee: George Nissen, Chairman; Newt Loken .

Everyone present at the meeting felt that it's time for organization and ae'tion when it comes to Trampolining. At present the European countries, along with japan, South Africa and Australia, are quickly approaching our level of ability in the sport, and are starting to push for its ac­ceptance in future Olympic Games. It' s evident that the United States could cap­ture gold, silver and bronze medals if Trampolining were in the Olympics now, but we must make certain that when it does become an Olympic event we are still capable of being the best in the World.

There are thousands of young boys and girls interested in Trampolining here in the United States . What is needed is or­ganization to help them along. Through the help and support of its members, th e ultimate and primary objective of the U.S.T.A. is to offer this organization, thereby promoting and improving the sport of Trampolining in the United States.

Arrangements are already being made for the first Open United States Trampo­line Association Championships which will take place May 1, 1971 at New Trier West High School, Northfield, Illinois.

A regular newsletter featuring up-to­date items on age group, high school, col­lege and club competition will be pro­vided to members of the U.S.T.A. Thi s newslette r will contain information per­taining to all competitions, clinics and other functions conducted by the Associa­tion. Membership in the Association will also entitle the holder to compete in all U.S.T.A, Championships,

Yearly membership dues are $5.00 for Senior Members (Non Competitors) and $2.00 for junior Members (Com petitors). For further information contact: Ronni e Munn, U.S.T.A., 5056 Brewster Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43227.

15

James A. Petrino Gymnastics Coach A. D. Eisenhower High School Norristown, Pa.

As a high school gymnastics coach , I have run into a problem with the appear­ance of my gymnasts in regards to hair! I have given much thought to this situa­tion and I have come to the following con­clusion: High school gymnasts should not have long hair!

I agree with the recent court decisions regarding dress code and hair of students in school, namely, that they, the students, have the right to express themselves as they please by way of their appearance. In regards to athletic teams, however, I be­lieve we have a different situation. In the last few years the courts have passed down controversial decisions in regards to the right of athletes to have long hair. In one decision involving a tennis player who

18

HAIR!

was removed from th e team because of long hair, the courts said that he must be reinstated on that team . In another deci­sion in Ohio, the courts upheld the coach's suspension of an athlete saying that par­ticipation on an athletic team is a priv­ilege, and if the athletes wish to remain on that team, they must follow the rules set up by the coach. One purpose of ath­letic teams is to develop discipline and self control. If they cannot abide by cer­tain rules set up for the team, they cannot and will not be of value to that team!

In regards to gymnastics, the argument against long hair is even more well estab­lished. Some people may argue that long hair will not hamper an athlete in certain sports, but this cannot be said about gym-

nastics. Gymnastics is most certainly an esthetic sport. The more grace and beauty with which you perform a routine the higher you will score. The physical ap­pearance of a gymnast most certainly adds or detracts from the beauty of a routine . Long hair flopping around while doing handstands or iJgiant swings is not esthetic­ally appealing, and I would venture to say, that the judges' scores are affected by this. Because of this subjective judging and be­cause beauty plays a prominent role in gymnastics, I believe that gymnasts should have short hOair. I know the question that most of you will ask is : " What is short hair and what is long hair? " This, my fellow coaches, is up to youo

Let's say you ' re a gymnast who wants to learn gymnastics . . . . Let's say you want to learn tricks-not a few, but many; not " Mickey Mouse" moves, but HAIRY ones. Let's say you want to learn to flip and twist. How about if you want to try to overhaul that tight swing, and learn· to do it right. What if you want to raise your potential from an eventual 9.2 in two events to a 9.4 in every event?

Can you do it at school? Maybe, with an enthusiastic coach and good program . But 01 ' coach is under a great deal of pressure. He sometimes has to work with not ten, not twenty, but th i rty or more gymnasts. He's pressured to get you ready

The camp offers not only intense gym­nastics under the instruction of interna­tionally known American and Japanese in­structors, but many other recreational ac­tivities such as voll eyball , swimming, div­ing, archery ... and is centered around such visual arts as still photography (com­pete with dark rooms) , pottery, and figure drawing.

The Camp is organized for individual student needs. There are two five-week sessions, but it's also possible for a student to apply for one, two, three, or four weeks if he or she can't afford the entire camp. Designed for boys and girls, ages eight to eighteen, Camp Woodward will be as di­versified as its campers.

GYMNASTICS CAMP! DANJ. MILLMAN Gymnastics Coach Stanford University

to do consistent routines in a competitive season . It's difficult to find -the time to work basics, strength, suppleness, perfect­ing parts . . . especially since you probably aren't allowed W use the gym until the "official season'.' begins.

The place to "get it all together" is the gymnastics camp. It doesn't have to be an official camp - if you can't afford to go to a camp for five weeks, try to go for one. If you can ' t afford that, try to work your way through. If that's impossible, then get together with a few friends and make your own camp. All it takes is a few pieces of apparatus and intense gymnas­tics for several hours a day, without imme­diate need to compete.

What I'd like to describe is what may be an ideal gym camp. It's a real place, in Woodward , Pennsylvania. Through this description, maybe you can get an idea of the possibilities for growth.

Camp Woodward is located in the lush, rolling farmlands of Pennsylvania, free from noise, hustle bustle, but abundant in fresh ai r and clear skies.

20

A great deal of time, money, and energy went into the facilities. Students will have only a few room-rates in individual apart­ment units . Training facilities will be lo­cated indoors and outdoors . .. complete training facilities, including pit (ground level) trampolines in a grassy meadow, free exercise mat, many sets of each apparatus, and most important, plenty of highly qual­ified instructors.

What else does a camp need? Plenty. It needs a philosophy, a direction, a definite set of goals. At Woodward, students will have the opportunity to undergo a mini­plan of "five year training."

It is the belief of the Program Directors, (this writer being one), that gymnastics cannot be learned quickly. With speed we sometimes compromise the potential of the gymnast. (Or, as one gymnast once said, " There's one good thing about hav­ing a low potential ... you can reach it quickly.")

The organization of the gymnastics por­tion of camp is based on many levels, going from general to specific :

I. Introduction to Camp Woodward (en­tire camp) A. Small talk sessions: We raise ques­

tions and encourage campers to ask­(depending upon age and interest) -What does gymnastics mean to me? -Why do I pursue gymnastics? -Am I working enough? Am I working

too hard? -Could I work more effectively? -Do I really enjoy gymnastics? -How does gymnastics relate to my other

endeavors (like schoolwork - what can I learn from gymnastics to help me in other fields) .

-How good do I really want to get? -What are my long term and short term

goals? (Is my effort realistic in terms of my goals?)

II. Motivation -Demonstrations by experts -Films of Olympics and World Games,

men and women. Testimonials by champions: " How I

learned - how long it took - we all start at the beginning - how you can do it too.

III. Master Clinics and Practice of Principles 1. What is Talent? (Strength, suppleness,

speed) a. Explanation of strength-relaxation, how

to use. b. How you can develop your talent.

2. How to learn gymnastics efficiently. 3. How to flip - the trampoline for every­

one. 4. Fundamental body positions - related

to strength and suppleness.

5. The fundamentals of swing. 6. Basic movements, basic routines. 7. Current Jr. Olympic and advanced com­

pulsories, all levels. 8. Creativity and optional movements. 9. Master clinic on each apparatus, men's

and women's.

IV. The last stage of camp is very individ­ualized training, preparing the individual in any way he or she desires, whether that's big tricks, basic swing, endurance work, or just play.

The instructors and counselors will be highly trained . Not only do they have year's of experience, but they will be meet­ing a week before camp begins, discussing and analyzing the latest techniques for men and women. Your instructors enjoy teaching, and will be working with you rather than " over" you or " on" you . They will be friends and helpers (rather than bosses.)

Each student will be able to "qualify" new moves on a specially designed point chart . Prizes for every hundred points qualified!

Camp Woodward will even have a li­brary and reading list for students who are interested in studying more about how gymnastics can relate to their individual growth as a human being.

Beauty has been defined as " Unity in Variety." In offering the camper a great variety of choices - in the length of camp, in activities and depth of involvement, we hope to make Woodward a truly beautiful experience.

The Infernal Spotting Machine 1984 Robert B. Davis Gymnastic Coach La Serna High School

At last it was here, and was it ever slick-in the school colors naturally. It sat there gleaming in the light from the ceil­ing of the gym. I sl ipped into the oper­ator's seat, turned the key, and the 14 H.P. electric motor emitted a powerful hum.

I had read the operator's manual and

mu~

I recognized all the dials, buttons, levers, wh eels, and foot pedals as I scanned over the controls. Just the right thing for Pseudo-Gymnastics. I switched on the re­volving red beacon which indicated the Acme Spotter was on and ready to go.

I raised the boom and gave it two feet of extension , tilted the top board, rolled the machin e forward for a few feet, and wheeled it around in a V. turn-it handled beautifully.

Two of my pseudo-gymnasts had come into the gym and were really getting ex­cited. "Wow, Coach, let me try it! " shouted Finster.

"Well, get into the harness," I com­manded . Gunther and Finster began get­ting Finster buckled in. " Make sure all of the buckles are tight," I said .

" How about a quad back?" I asked. "Right on, Coach! " ye lled Finster. I switched on the loudspeaker. " O.K.

Go for it!" boomed the speaker. Up went Finster spinning madly-up to the rafters where he dropped out and landed lightly on his feet, all without the slightest effort.

" Now a quint-back Coach!" screamed Finster enthusiastically.

And so it went all afternoon with all of the kids getting to try it. " Well worth the $3000 bucks," I thought as I drove home while the sun sank in the smog. I pulled up, turned the key off and reached into the back seat of my car to get my gas mask. "It's too bad that sports have been abolished as unhealthy. I might have even been able to teach them some­thing."

21

RESEARCH AND FITNESS IN GYMNASTICS By James S. Bosco , Ph.D. San Jose State College San Jose . California 95114

A Comparative Study to Determine the Relationship Between Range of Movement At the Elbow Joint and Success in Selected Skills In Gymnastics By Chic Johnson, Gymnastics Coach Southwest Missouri State College Ed.D. Dissertation , University of Utah, 1969

INTRODUCTION In the sport of gymnastics specifically,

the elbow joint is a critical area due to the numerous times the performer is re­quired to be in the hand support position, both regular and inverted. If one were to apply simple laws of leverage and balance, it would logically be assumed that for maximum bal~nce and stability the elbow joint should be fully extended when the body is in the support position. That is frequently not the case in practical appli­cation with human performers, and this subject requires scientific investigation prior to ascertaining or assigning any pos­itive relationship between success in sport skills and range of motion at the elbow joint.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to deter­mine if increased range of motion at the elbow joint produced any appreciable dif­ference in one's performance during the execution of selected gymnastics skills. Specifically:

1. To determine to what extent ex­tremes in range of motion, involving flexion or hypertension, proves ad­vantageous or detrimental in acquir­ing success in selected gymnastic skills .

2. Ascertaining whether three selected exercises, one of stretch, one involv­ing support, and one weighted exer­cise, using the principle of dynamic resistance over a five-week experi­mental period would be sufficient to make an appreciable difference in developing a greater range of motion at the elbow joint.

3. Determining whether the period of time spent in developing greater range of motion at the elbow joint is warranted in terms of accomplish­ment in the execution of the selected gymnastic ski lis.

PROCEDURES

Subjects used in this study were male college students enrolled in gymnastics classes at the University of Utah . The con­trol group consisted of 22 students and the experimental group had 24 students.

22

The variables used in the study consisted of three selected gymnastic skills, all re­quiring strong support from the arms, plus three elbow extension exercises specifically developed for this study. The gymnastic skills included a handstand on the low parallel bars, support swing on regulation parallel bars, and a single leg circle on the sidehorse. The elbow extension exercises encompassed elements of stretch , support, and weighted resistance with all of th e exercises being performed statically as op­posed to ballistic-type exercising.

The goniometer was the instrument used

to determine the degree of extension at the elbow joint. X-rays were taken of five volunteer subjects and comparisons made with the goniometer readings in an effort to determine their accuracy.

A pretest was administered with a panel of judges evaluating the subjects' perform­ance. At th e conclusion of the five-week experimental period, during which time the subjects in the control and experi­mental groups performed the selected gymnastic skills three times each day, th e subjects were again evaluated on these skills by the same panel of judges. The experimental group, in addition to the gymnastic skills, executed three repetitions of each of the elbow extension exercises during the experimental period.

Elbow Extension Exercises

1. Stretch exercise: The subject grasped a piece of rubber tubing behind his back with both hands in the supin­ated position. The rubber tubing was stretched laterally by both arms as far as possible and held in that posi­tion for 10 seconds.

2. Support exercise: The subject as­sumed a front-leaning-rest position and gradually slid his hands out to the side, or at right angles to the

I /

I"

I.

I

body. The performer reached the point of slight discomfort and held that position for 10 seconds.

3. Weighted exercise (pa rtnered): The performer extended h is arms across the sidehorse, resting th e back of the elbow on the horse with his hands in a supinated position. The partner grasped the performer's wrists and pressed downward unti I the per­former indicated the position of slight discomfort. This position was then maintained for 30 seconds.

Elbow Flexion

Elbow flexion describes that position in which the elbow joint lacks sufficient range of motion to reach ze ro degrees, or the fully extended position. Normal range of flexion is from zero to 150 degrees. Flexion is the most natural motion at the elbow joint (American Academy of Ortho­pedic Surgeons, 1963).

Elbow Extension

Elbow extension describes that position in which the elbow joint is capable of being fully extended so that there is no perceptible degree of flexion or hyper­tension. This position is referred to as the ze ro starting point (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 1963).

Elbow Hypertension

Elbow hypertension describes th e elbow joint, in the extended position, when it goes beyond the zero starting point. Ex­treme hypertension may be measured up to 15 degrees (American Academy of Or­thopedic Surgeons, 1963) .

Range of Motion

Range of motion refers to the total range of movement that is possible at the elbow joint. Flexibility and range of mo­tion will be used synonymously in this study.

Goniometer

A goniometer is an instrument for meas­uring angles. An apparatus used for meas­uring the limits of flexion and extension, especially in relation to the joints of the body. When the landmarks of an extrem­ity are definite, the use of the goniometer may be quite accurate (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 1963).

ANALYSIS OF DATA

The data from the goniometer readings and gymnastic skills were collected and analyzed in an effort to test the hypothesis advanced for the study. A series of com­parisons were made in order to eva luate the relationship between the experimental class utilizing the specifically designed ex­ercise program and the control class which did not participate in these exercises. Means and standard deviations were used to summarize the scores of the variable. Th e t test was applied to determine the significance of differences in means be­tween the groups.

RESULTS

Subjects in the control and experimental groups improved their range of motion

during the experimental period, indicating that the activity of gymnastics itself may contribute to greater extens ion at th e el­bow joint. However, the mean improve­ment score for the contro l group was 1.50, go ing from a total of minus 10 degrees to a plus 23 degrees, while that of the experi­mental group was 3.75. Subjects in th e experimental' group went from a minus 30 degrees to a plus 60 degrees. These scores were also ranked and analyzed, and the resultant t of 3.947 was significant at the .001 level of confidence . This would in­dicate that the exercise program developed for the experimental group was instru­mental in increasing substantiall y the range of motion at the elbow joint.

The results achieved by the experimental group support adequately the feasibility of incorporating exerc ises specifically de­signed to increase ran ge of motion at the elbow joint in an effort to improve the skill development of subjects in gymnastic activities.

DISCUSSION

The results of this study were consid­ered with respect to range of motion at the elbow joint and success in selected gymnastics skills. The elbow joint was se­lected because many movements in gym­nastics are dependent on strong support points and excellent balance. Although empirically it seems reasonable to assume that good extension at the elbow joint is an advantageous thing to have, two as­pects of our traditional approach to teach­ing and training programs have legislated against this idea.

1. Excess ive strength development: Fre­quently the participants, either in class or when in training for varsity athletic teams, have been provided strenuous programs geared to the development of strength. This partic­ular quality is extremely important but it may be a definite handicap if it is acquired without comparable gains in range of motion at the same joints over which the muscular sys­tem is un"dergoing hypertrophy and increased development (Sills, More­house, and Delorme, 1962). The en­tire organism when involved in vig­orous activity is ' dependent on rhyth­mical, coordinated, free - swinging movements which requires flexibility for maximum efficiency.

2. The incidence of injury: Although studies of sporting injuries have failed to reveal any link between range of motion and incidence of injury, it is often believed that restriction of range of motion is advantageous in the prevention of injuries. This ex­pression may be severely challenged in that a greate r range of motion acts as a safety valve or cushion against any potential harm that might come to a joint structure (S ills, Morehouse, and Delorme, 1962).

What is essential for maximum efficiency in movement and protection from injuries is a strong complementation of both strength and flexibility. Either one without the other will likely produce potential

harm for the participant while inhibiting the capac ity to move freely and effic ient ly in th e execution of athl etic skills. From the experiences derived from this study and the statistical conclusions drawn, a range of moti on between zero degree extension and five degrees hyperextension appears to be advantageous for the execution of gym­nastic skills providing there is strength com mensurate with the degree of range of motion . Stipulating how much strength and how much extension is optimally de­sirab le is very difficult at the present time, but it may be reasonable to state th at if any degree of full extension is lacking, th en flexibility exercises should be empha­sized and strength exercises should be geared to th e development of musculature invo lved with extension rather than flexion . If hyperextension is recognized , especiall y approaching or exceeding five degrees, then strength exe rcises concentrating on the flexor muscles should be programmed for the participant. One of th e finer meth­ods for developing compatible relation­ships between strength and flexibility is advocated by Logan (1964) and is referred to as the lengthening - st rengthening principle.

,This concept applies when there is shortened connective tissue on one side of the joint and weakened muscles on the other. The performer should stretch the shortened structures and strengthen the opposite weakened muscles. What is be­ing stretched by the flexibility exercises is the noncontracti Ie connective tissue while the strengthening exercises involve increasing the ability of the muscle fib~rs to exert force. Since muscles on opposite sides of joints work reciprocally with each other there must be relaxation of one musc'le while the other muscle is contract­ing. To stretch the shortened fascia and other connective tissue in an area, the muscles must relax to allow elongation of these structures to occur (Logan , 1964) .

The fl ex ibility exercises deve loped for use in this study appeared to be highly advantageous in increasing th e range of motion at the elbow joint. This was most emphatically revea led by a total increase of 90 degrees for the 24 students involved in the experimental group, or an average of 3.77 degrees increase per student. As there was an increase of some 33 degrees or a .50 degree increase per student with­in the control group, it may also be as­sumed that gymnastic activities in them­selves are beneficial in providing for greater extension of the arm at th e elbow joint.

The time devoted to the selected flex­ibility exercises during each class period was approximately four and one-half min­utes or about 67 minutes during a five­wee'k span of time. This would seem to indicate that the time devoted to flexibil­ity exercises during the experimental period was worthwhile due to the gains in flexibility and the greater degree of skill attained by subjects in the experi­mental group.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

American Academy of Orthopedic Sur­geons. Measuring and Recording Joint

23

Motion. Everett, Massachusetts: G len­wood Press, 1963.

Barnett, C. H., D. V. Davies, and M . A. MacConaill. Synovial Joints. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1961.

Barnett, C. H., and D. Harding. " The Activ­ity of Antagonistic Muscles During Vol­untary Movement," Annals of Physical Medicine, 2:290-293, 1956.

Beetham, William J., Howard F. Polley, Charles H. Slocumb, and Walt F. Weaver. Physical Examination of the Joints. Philadelphia: W . B. Saunders Company, 1965.

Broer, Marion R. Efficiency of Human Movement. Philadelphia: W . B. Saunders Company, 1960.

Clarke, H. Harrison. The Application of Measurement to Health and Physical Education. Third printing. New York : Prentice-Hall , Inc., 1961.

deVries, Herbert A. Physiology of Exercise for Physical Education and Athletics. Dubuque, Iowa : William C. Brown Com­pany, 1966.

Garrett, Hen ry E. Statistics in Psychology and Education. Fifth edition. New York : David McKay Company, Inc., 1965.

Hoffman, Bob. Weight Training for Ath­letics. New York : Harper and Brothers, 1960.

Hooks, Gene. Application of Weight Train­ing to Athletics. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1962.

Jokl , Ernest, and Peter Jokl. The Psycho­logical Basis of Athletic Records. Spring­field , . lllinois: Charles C. Thomas, Pub­lisher, 1968.

Logan, Gene A. Adaptations of Muscular Activity. Belmont, Calif. : Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc., 1964.

Massey, Benjamin H., H. W. Freeman, F. R. Manson, and J. A. Wessel. The Kinesiol­ogy of Weight Lifting. Dubuque, Iowa : William C. Brown Company, 1959.

Murray, James, and Peter Karpovich. Weight Training in Athletics. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice-Hall , Inc., 1956.

Runyon, Richard , and Audrey Haber. Fund­amentals of Behavioral Statistics. Read­ing, Massachusetts: Addison - Wesley Publishing Company, 1967.

Scott, M . Gladys (ed.) . Research Methods in Health, Physical Education and Recre­ation. Sixth printing. Washington, D .C.: American Association for Health, Phys­ical Education and Recreation , 1961.

Sills, Frank, L. E. Morehouse, and T. L. De­lorme (editorial committee). Weight Training in Sports and Physical Educa­tion. Washington, D.C. : American Asso­ciation for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1962.

Steinhaus, Arthur H. Toward an Under­standing of Health and Physical Educa­tion. Dubuque, Iowa: William C. Brown Company, 1963.

UNPUBLISHED MATERIAL

Greey, George Wells. "A Study of the Flexibility in Five Selected Joints of Adult Males Ages 18 to 71 ." Unpub­lished Doctoral dissertation, The Uni­versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1955.

24

Building And Using A Horizontal Bar Spotting Table by John Emre, coach, North Central High School, Indianapolis, Indiana

There have been times in every gym­nastic coach 's practice sessions when he has probably felt that the spotting belt was not adequate for teaching some of the horizontal bar skills now being used. Due to the nature of the spotting setup which often requires wrapping the rope around the bar, pulling at the right time to aid the gymnast can be impossible or often im­practical. A better and an inexpensive method is available which can give the coach much more control over the learning situation than with a rope setup or by spotting by hand under the bar, catching whenever the gymnast misses. The hori­zontal bar. spotting table offers that oppor­tunity. Described below is a procedure for building a very strong one and then some ways it can be used.

BUILDING THE SPOTTING TABLE: There are probably many other ways to

build such a spotting aid but with this particular design, weight is reduced and stability maintained while keeping the cost of materials under $10. Any school with an industrial arts department should be able to construct it or if you have access to a radial arm saw, you can make all of the required cuts. The only other power tool necessary is a %-inch drill.

All the wood parts except the table top are made from pine which is available from any lumber supply company at prices ranging from $.50 to $1.25 for eight-feet lengths of 2 x 4's depending on when and where you get them. The table top can be Y2-inch plywood or a 1-inch pine board which often can be cut to the correct dimensions by the lumber supply com­pany. Hardware necessary is 16 carriage bolts (3fs " x 2" ) with washers and nuts, 1 U-bolt (3/ 16" x 4'" with a 2-inch span), and several 10-penny and 6-penny nails.

The first step is to cut to correct lengths the vertical and horizontal supports. From the 2 x 4 lumber cut four pieces that are 60 inches long and four more pieces that are 48 inches long. Then to make the final fit easier and neater, rip each of eight pieces so that they are 3% inches wide and plane them, if you have the equip­ment, so that they are 1% inches high. You should then have four boards that are 3 % " x 1%" x 60" and four that are 3 %" x1 % "x48".

For the second step, use scrap wood left over from the first step·. Cut five pieces that are 10 inches long then rip them to produce two pieces from each that are 1% " x 1Y2" x 10". These are to be used as the cross supports.

The third step involves making the notches and lap joints. From the diagram, you should be able to see where each sup­port is located and how the finished parts are fitted together. The four vertical sup­ports are exactly the same and the four horizontal supports are exactly the same. The notches and lap joints can be made by successive cuts with a radial arm saw blade while holding or clamping the four pieces together to do them all at the same time.

Next drill th e appropriate holes and then bolt the vertical and horizontal supports together. You should now have two 4' x 5' f rames aligned parallel with the hex nuts to the inside.

The cross supports are nailed into the notches with 10-penny nails to complete the fifth step whil e nailing the table top on with 6-penny nails will finish construc­tion of the table. Sand all of the parts being sure to round off all of the sharp

/ vrlnlCAL

FRAME

SUPPOItTS C'f)

corners . Putting a piece of scrap rug on top wil l lessen chi~lnces of picking up splin ­ters and padding the vertical supports will help prevent injuries to the gymnast's legs' if ~e comes down crooked .

The pictures should give you an idea of how the finished table appears and how it is connected to the high bar.

USING THE SPOTTING TABLE: Th e first thing which must be decided

when attempting to use the spotting table is whether or not it should be used at all. It must be recognized from the start that it is almost impossible for a spotter on the table to save anyone who slips off the bar, regardless of the reason for his coming off. If the spotter were to try to hold on, both spotter and gymnast would finish on the floor since the gymnast's momentum and the spotter's weight are against the spotter. A beginning gymnast attempting his first giants should first try them in the belt, and then out of the belt with a spotter below

\f HORIZONTAL fRAME SUPPO/US (1) (ONLY ONE OF THE HORIZONTAL FRAME SUPPORTS HAS THE 1" x 5" NOTCH TO ALLOW FOR THE PAD OF THE NISSEN HORIZONTAL BAR UPRIGHT)

who can stop him if he goes up, misses and sw ings down the wrong way. Introduce the table to help correct minor mistakes of t iming after the boy has better control and more confidence on the bar.

A lmost all moves on the horizontal bar can be taught more effectively with some­one assisting from th e spotting table; how­ever, the usual leadups and progressions shou ld be fo llowed so that the gymnast can at least initiate the action. Once he gets started, the spotter can assist him at the critical points by lifting at the center of gravity or by blocking or aiding move­ments of the head, shoulders, or legs. Have the gymnast work close to the table away from the center of the bar, giving the spot­ter more of a mechanical advantage.

The best spotting situation is to have two people on the platform and one on the floor directly under the bar. The spotter on the floor serves the same purpose as he would in a situation without the spotting

table. He stops any swing that goes the wrong way and is ready to catch a gymnast who slips off. The spotters on the table stand on each side of the bar to help each other carry the gymnast all the way through a complex stunt. One spotter alone on the table has much more to do and should always be assisted by someone on the floor. The spotter on the table should stand on the side where he is at an advantage, reaching over or under the bar as the situ­ation warrants.

Remember that spotting from the table is a skill and should be learned by spotting simp le skills such as kips, uprises, and hip circles first before advancing to the more difficult moves. You should find that the thrill of helping a gymnast feel what a move is l ike and to know where the critica l points are is well worth the time and the smal l amount of money invested in making the spotting platform.

25

LETTERS

Trampoline in Trouble in the USA? Dear Glenn:

I just read your MG report about the NCAA Championships and feel I must comment about your remark, " T would be a shame to abandon it (trampoline) now with Europe coming up so strong and Japan and Russia picking up interest."

That' s just it! While we in Europe are thinking of having trampolining as an Olympic Sport someday, the US, creator of a truly American sport which is now catching on in Europe, is having second thoughts . The American hesitations really sound more than strange in our ears.

Here, the USA has a sports event which has brought them worldwide success which not even could be matched by their track and field teams which seem to be tops. Now the US does not seem to know where to go, do they?

In Europe, we are facing the fact that trampolining is a real gym-sport, but some people in your country hesitate instead of giving a full " go-ahead. "

Is trampolining dangerous? By all means no more so than skiing, ski-jumping, soc­cer, football , etc., . . . and gymnastics .

26

We, for instance, in Switzerland know that if you teach it properly, that we have fewer accidents than in th e other sports.

On the other hand, in track and field today, you have to t rain so hard in order to keep up with competition , that in time your hips, shoulders and arms are so over­worked that they are worn out and you have to stop, even without an accident. Top gymnastics, top track and field , top skiing, etc., today are so demanding that I would easily change from downhill ski racing to trampolining.

In my opinion, those who are hesitating, who say no to trampolining, know nothing about the sport. But we know that many a time decisions have been made by such people.

The USA giving up trampolining and its lead would be about the same as the USA giving up its lead in the space program, and makes about as much sense. You are still leading this sport-for your sake, continue. All the past Champions you pro­vided were true Ambassadors of your country and have as much good in those countries overseas where they performed as any professiona·1 Ambassadors . When the World Championships were held in Berne, Switzerland, recently (with smash­ing success by the US men and women), half of Europe was watching on TV. It was a tremendous performance, not only for the sport, but also for the USA.

Kurt Baechler Trampoline Committee,

Swiss Gymnastic Federation

Dear Sir: The readers of Modern Gymnast may be

interested in th e enclosed picture of my son, Archibald Laird II , a long time sub­scriber to and a reader of your magazine.

While serving in Vietnam with the 101st Airborne Division at Camp Eagle, he built

the parallel bars on which he did this planche.

He is currently a student at Ricker Col­lege and is captain of the 1971 wrestling team.

Sincererly yours, Archibald Laird, MD

BOOK REVIEWS:

THE SCIENCE OF TRAMPOLINING by G. S. Aaron. John Jones Car­diff, Ltd. 21 Duffryn Close, Car­diff. CF2 6HT 37 pages. $1.50.

I read through this little (37 p) book in a single sitting. It has a number of points to recommend it although there is little that U. S. Coaches are not already using. The book undertakes to explai n the why's and how's of trampoline moves utilizing Newton 's well-defined laws of motion. The pertinent formulae are included but worked-out examples would have been helpful if the author were really trying to use "science" in his explanations. The illus­trations are just barely satisfactory.

There may be a place for this book in the portion of the physical education cur­riculum dealing with kinesiology. A few of the examp les could serve as models for movement analysis, particularly with re­spect to rotational effects.

The American reader may have to think twice at the use of certain British terms. Some exp lanations become a bit involved, as in the following example describing a performer trying to " save" a front or back somersault: " Instinctive ly and without any need for coaching he circles his arms vio­lently in the direction of the somersault producing a reaction in the opposite direc­tion, increasing the moment of inertia about the transverse axis and thus reducing angular velocity, at. the same time the angular momentum built up in the arms reduces the angular momentum of the trunk and legs."

In short, I doubt that U. S. trampolinists will f ind much of use in this book except by way of understanding the physics in­volved in what they are doing. U. S. coaches, by and large, already are making use of these principles. It could be useful to college maj ors in physical education and is inexpensive enough to merit a place on their library shelves.

Dick Criley

New Lime Green

Leotards We now have in stock our new Prin­cess cut Lime Green leotards and trunks. They are different and most attractive. Be outstanding looking and send for your sample uniform today. Be the first in your area to use these. We still have the lowest prices on all gymnastic uniforms, and the fastest delivery.

Shreveport Gymnastic Supply Co.

P. O. BOX 5374 2410 LINE AVE. SHREVEPORT, LA. 71105

ATTENTION: Camp Directors, Clinic Directors, Meet Directors

We have recently been reviewing how the M.G. can best serve its readers and the sport of gym· nastics in general. It has been noted that gym nas· tic camps, clin ics, and major meets are the vehicle ~ through which most of the momentum and enthu· siasm for the sport are generated. Unfortunately, to date we have not always been informed enough in advance to make these events known to our readers. In an effort to remedy this, we have devised a system that will encourage a camp, clinic, or meet director to make notice in the M.G. up to a year in advance, as to the date and speci · fics of his event. To be fair to all concerned, a,ll camps, clinics, and major meet announcements will hence forth be channeled through this program. This will eliminate any criticism as to why a given event was announced or was not-the responsibility will be up to the camp, clinic, or meet director to make sure his event and the specifics are formally made available to the offices of the M.G. magazine.

To administer this service, a fee will be made in order to cover expenses. This fee will include the following:

A. A one time notice in the M.G. calendar (two lines, 12·15 words) . Fee: $3.00 plus $1.00 for any copy over two lines, or

B. A continuing notice in the M.G. calendar (two lines, 12·15 words) to appear in 10 consecutive issues or until the date of the event. This includes a 1/2 inch bonus ad to appear at your discretion. Fee: $15.00 annually (plus $1.00 for any copy over two lines) (layout and type included), or

YOUR "B" BONUS AD

C. A continuing notice in thll M.G. calendar (four lines, 30 words) to appear in up to 10 consecutive issues or until the date of the event (plus $1.00 for any copy over four lines). This includes a one inch bonus ad to appear at your discretion. Fee : $25.00 annually (layout and type included). Sub­scription to options B or C will make a special ad rate available to the director.

YOUR "C" BONUS AD

So. Col. Eost 8Se $1.60

OROU FROM: M.G. PluumES lOX 717 Sant, Mnica Calif. 90406

MG CALENDAR

Sokol Athletic Center will sponsor the SCATS traveling show, "It's A Small World " Sunday, March 7. For further infor­mation, contact : Bill Amick, Physical Di­rector, Sokol Dallas , 7448 Greenville Av­enue, Dallas, TX 75206. National Intercollegiate Gymnastics Cham­pionships (for women): At Pennsylvania State University, April 8-10. For entry forms and additional information contact: Miss Della Durant, Women's Physical Education Department , Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802. Hapoel Games: Two boys and two girls from U.S.A. are invited to take part April 27-May 2 in Israel. USA-USSR: April 23rd-April 27th. Riga, Russia. Four men and four women. 2nd World Cup: Miami , Florida. May 2nd.

Woodward Gymnastic Camp (for girls and boys): First session begins June 20, 1971 . Any girl or boy who is at least ten years of age by registration is eligible to attend. Programs vary from one week to ten weeks. For further information write: Woodward Camp, P.O. Box 93, Woodward, PA 16882.

Gymnastic Workshop (for women) : At Stan­ford University, Stanford, California, June 21-July 2. For information contact : Gym­nastic Workshop, Women 's Gymnasium, Stanford, CA 94305. National Trampoline Championships (Jun­iors & Seniors): For entry blanks and fur­ther information, contact : Jack Tillinghast, Department of Physical Education, West Texas State University, Canyon , TX 79015.

USED Gymnastic Equipment

Climbing Ropes 18' ................. .... ....... $14.00 Side Horse, New Vinyl 80dy,

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The Modern Gymnast Index ' for 1970 - Vol. XII

A. . B. Frederick, Compiler

The compiler would like to acknowledge the tremendous efforts of Dick Criley, Ken Sa­koda and Don Tonry who along with more than fifty other individuals of the gym­nastic community have con­tributed to the bulk of articles in this first volume of the " Seventies. "

The index is used in the following way .. .

7(25-26) indicates that mate­rial referred to will be found in the August/September edi­tion on pages 25 and 26. Please note that the following numbers refer to months in­dicated below :

1 - January 2 - February 3- March 4-April 5-May 6 - June / July 7 - August/September Note: Due to some Editorial

failure numbers 8 and 9 were ommitted. (June / July should be 6-7 and Aug.! Sept. 8-9)

10 - October 11 - November 12 - December

SUBJECT INDEX

ALL-AROUND RANKINGS All-Around Rankings for the

USA (Wright) 3(23) National Rankings - October,

1970 10(31) APPARATUS The Roenrad Goes Scientific

(Frederick) 1 (8) Gymnaestrada Ladders (Fred­

erick) 2(14-15) The Ring Machine (Reichl)

4(19) Chalk Box (Burkel) 6(37) Measuring Cross Progress

(Johnson) 7(9) ART Hands - An MG Photo Essay (Sakoda and Sundby) 3(12-13)

The Salute - Ontario Gymnastic Federation 4(7)

A Look at the Warm~Up - A Photo Essay (Sakoda) 11 (10-11)

BOOK REVIEWS (Reviewers­Criley and Frederick)

Beginner's Gymnastics by Nils Bengtsson 2(28)

The Trampoline as I See It by Jeff Hennessy 2(28)

This Is Gymnastics by Jack Charteris 2(28)

A New Guide to Developing a Gymnastic Program Nissen Corp. 10(30)

Trampoline Tumbling Today by Griswold and Wilson 10(30)

The Art and Science of Judg­ing Men's Gymnastics Dick Aronson , Compiler 11 (26-27)

28

Men's Gymnastic Correspond­ence Course (Judging) by Helen Sjursen 11 (27)

CAMPS CAA-YMCA Camp - An Adven­

ture in Volunteer Service (Wylde) 4(7-8)

CANADA Canadian Intercollegiate Gym­nastic Coaches Assn. (Char­teris) 1 (9)

Eastern Canadian Christmas Clinic 1(9)

CANADIAN REPORTS (Editor­John Nooney)

Reports will be found as fol­lows: 1(9) ; 4(10-11) ; 7(9-10); 11 (8-9)

CLINICS Summer Clinic at Michigan

(Szypula) 1 (7) Eastern Gymnastic Clinic

(Winter Session) 1 (7) Hawaiian Gymnastic Assoc . Clinic 1(8)

Eastern Canadian Gymnastic Clinic 1 (9)

1970 Sarasota National Clinic 3(10)

Eastern Gymnastic Clinic (Holzaepfel) 3(11)

Twentieth Anniversary (Na-tional Gymnastic Clinic) 11 (6)

COLLEGE GYMNASTICS Regional Reports 1 (20-27) College and University Data 2(10-14)

Collegiate Captains 3(14-17) EDITORIALS Selection of National Team

Coaches and Judges ITonry) 1 (6)

The (R)Evolution in Gymnastics (Millman) 2(~7)

Gymnastic Meets Should Be Beautiful (Lingemann) 2(8-9)

Problems in Getting the MG to Press (Criley) 3(8)

Disgusted (Gulack Again!) 3(8) Marijuana and the Gymnast

3(9) See Also Readers Re­sponses 6(6-7+) and refer­ences on the subject in 10(24)

We Have Gone Too Far (Tonry) 4(7)

Marijuana and the Gymnast -Brave New World (Sakoda) 4(9)

Let 's Do Compulsories (Hen­necke) 7(8)

The Dreaded " Doing " (Criley) 10(8)

On Hai r, Sideburns etc. (Criley) 11 (6-7)

The Smoking Gymnast 11 (12) Imagination . in Gymnastics (Millman) 11(13)

Extrapolations (Davis) 11 (20) On the USGF (Criley) 12(6-7) ELEMENTARY AND CHILDREN'S GYMNASTICS

A Youth Gymnastic Program (Bula and Stacey) 2(24-25)

ESSAY (See also ART) A Day in the Life of a Gymnast (Adams) 7(25-26)

Winn ing is Fun (Winburg) 11 (9)

FILMS NCAA Films Available 3(8) Gymnastic Flashbacks 3(25) FLOOR EXERCISE

Front handspring, front somey ; Full pirouette ; Transitions (M illman) 1(10-11)

Back Handspring (Fortier) 3(18) Floater (Forward Handspring)

(Fortier) 4(18) Develop Creative Floor Exer­cise Corner Combinations (Mead) 6(22)

GYMFEST 8th Annual Santa Monica Gym-

fest (Sundby) 10(12-17) HIGH SCHOOL GYMNASTICS Length of Season 2(8) A Few Thoughts on the High

School Issue (Criley) 7(10) MG High School Report

7(11-22) Improving High School Gym­nastics - Spot Interviews (Sakoda and Criley) 7(24)

Gymnastics in Montana (Lux) 7(26)

HORIZONTAL BAR Free Hip Back Pirouette to Undergrasp (George) 1 (4)

From Free Eagle, 1/ 1 Turn Backward (George) 3(21)

From Free Eagle, Hop Pirou­ette Forward 4(20-21)

Back Uprise, Full Turn (George) 6(24-25)

INDEX FOR 1969 (Frederick) 2(26-27)

INTERNATIONAL Report on Pre-World Games Trip (Weiler) 1 (9)

The Basel Gymnaestrada (Frederick) 1 (15-16)

Jugoslavian Gymnaestrada Ladders (Frederick) 2(14-15)

Bulgaria vs. the USA (Roetz­heim) 3(6-7)

South African Cup (Trimmer) 6 (14-15)

World Games - Summary of Past U.S. Efforts (Sundby) 10(4)

World University Games (Torino, Italy) (Wright) 10(8-9)

NHK Cup and Final Trials for the Japanese World Games Team (Connelly) 10(23)

3rd International Invitational (Mexico City) (Sasvary) 10(26)

Report of the Seattle Gym­nastic Club Tour of South America (Hughes) 11 (6)

Competitive Gymnastics in Switzerland (Furbler) 11 (14)

International MG Representa­tives 12(4)

Report on the World Games Championships (Roetzheim) 12(10-12)

A Judge 's Eye View of Lju­bljana (Kunzle) 12(3)

Views from the Stands at Ljubljana (Jacobs) 12(13+ )

From the Captain 's Point of View (Sakamoto) 12(14)

Team and All-Around Stand­ings - Ljubljana World Cham­pionships 12(19-24)

JUDGING (Jerry Wright, Editor) Part III - Rings (Culbertson)

1(18-19) Evaluation of Vaults 2(22) 'Judging the Side Horse Event

(Tonry) 2 (23) Part IV - Parallel Bars (Culbert­son) 3(26-27)

Part V - Horizontal Bar (Cul-

bertson) 6(34-35) For the Love of the Sport (Hat­field) 6(36)

National Gymnastic Judges Assoc . (N.ewsletter Vol. 1, No, 1) 11 (8)

LETTERS Helpless - Gymnastic Captain

Married in Hospital 1 (28) Tom Morton in Panama 3(28) Bill Ballester Complimented

3(28) MEET ORGANIZATION and CONDUCT

Communication Approaches to Operation of the Gymnastic Meet (Doyle) 4(6)

NATIONAL GYMNASTIC COACHING STAFF

The Beginning (Naperville Training Camp) (Massimo) 10(10-11)

Elimination Competition for the Japanese World Champion­ship Team - A Scouting Re­port (Grossfeld) 10(20-22)

USA-USGF Victory 11 (4)

NATIONAL MEETS 1970 NCAA College Division

Championships (Holmes) 4(12-15)

Pasadena National Invitational (Sundby and Sakoda) 4(22-23)

The MG NCAA Report (Criley) 5(6)

1970 NCAA Team Champion­ship (Criley) 5(7-9) Note: See also NCAA TV Cov­erage criticism in letter 7(28)

Technical AnalYSis of the NCAA Championships (Cohen) 5(10-13)

NCAA Spot Interviews (Criley and Sakoda) 5(13-14)

NCAA Champions 5(15-29) USGF National Championships

(Norton) 6(10-12+ ) NAIA Gymnastics : Adolescent

Seeking Maturity (Zuerlein) 6 (16-18)

OBITUARIES Robert Schmidt 1898-1969 1 (4) Dr, E. A. Eklund 5(4) Jim Salay 10(7) Jim Stolp 10(7) Marshall Claus 1936-197012(6) PARALLEL BARS Cast to Upper Arms (George) 1(12-13)

Upper Arm Hang Swinging Forward 3(19-20)

Handstand, Cast to Straight Arm Support 4 (19-20)

Handstand, Peach - Handstand (George) 6(23-24)

Olympic Compulsory - Un­official (Tonry) 12(26-27)

PERSONALITIES Peter DiFurio : In the Pursuit of Excellence (Massimo) 5 (7)

George Greenfield Interview (Sundby-Sakoda) 6(13)

Stephanie Stromer - Miss High School Gymnast for 1970 7(6-7)

Steve Hug Interview (Sakoda) 7(23)

Karl A. Hansen - Rehabilitant of the Half Century 10(7)

Jim Huntley - Sport Magazine College Athlete of the Month 10 (7)

Sakamoto Interview (Sakoda) 10(18-19)

Masayuki Watanabe Interview (Sakoda) 11 (18-19)

RESEARCH (James Bosco, Research Editor)

Anabolic Steroids : Effects on Strength (Johnson and O'Shea abstract) 2(9)

Cinematographic Analysis of the Back Handspring (Holmes) 2(18-19)

Videotape and Teaching Gym­nastics (Lesch) 6(33)

Trampoline Accidents in the Secondary Schools (Rumpf) 11 (21-22)

Background and Trends Towards Scientific Analysis in Gymnastics (Welser) 11(22-23+ )

RINGS Learning the Back Rise to

Handstand (Tonry) 1 (12) Controlling the Shoulder Prob­

lems of the Ringman (Cobb) 2(20)

German Rise (Church) 2(21) Injury Preventatives (Tonry)

3(18-19) The Ring Machine (Reichl)

4(19) The Elementary Dislocate

(Chaplain) 6(22-23) Measuring Cross Practice

(Johnson) 7(9) SIDE HORSE Side Horse Circles (Tonry) 1 (11)

Judging the Side Horse Event (Tonry) 2(23)

Intermediate Mounts (Tonry) 4(18)

Side Horse Dismounts (Tonry) 6(24-25)

TUMBLING TOPICS (Dick Criley)

Back Handspring, Back Somersault 2(23)

Back Handspring, Twisting Back Somersault 3(22)

Back Handspring, Arabian Front 4(21)

TRAINING How to Be a Great Gymnast

in 3,274 Easy Lessons (Millman) 3(24)

General Warm-Up for Gym-nastics (Toth) 4(24-25)

USGF USGF Report (Bare) 12(8) Where We Go From Here . ..

A Giant Step for Gymnastics 12(9)

VAULTING Yugoslavians and Canadians

Performing the Yamashita (Bajin) 1(12-13)

Cartwheel (Fortier) 3(19) Virtuosity in Vaulting (Fortier) 4(19)

Maximum Difficulty Vaults (Wiemann) 6(26)

WOMEN'S GYMNASTICS Cathy Rigby Wins a Silver

Medal 11 (4)

INDEX TO MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS

Adams, Thomas A Day in the Life of a Gym­nast 7(25-26)

Bajin, Borislav

Yugoslavian and Canadian Performances of Yamashita Vault 1(12-13)

Bare, Frank USGF Report 12(8)

Bula , Michael R. A Youth Gymnastic Prog ram 2(24-25)

Burkel, John Chalk Box 6(37)

Chaplan, Mickey The Elementary Dislocate 6(22-23)

Charteris, Jack Canadian Intercollegiate Gymnastic Association 1 (9)

Church, Doug German Rise on Still Rings 2(21)

Cobb, Mickey Controlling Shoulder Prob­lems of the Ringman 2(20)

Cohen , Steve Technical Analysis of NCAA Championships 5(10-13)

Connelly , Dan NKH Cup and Final Trials for the Japanese World Games Team 10(23)

Criley, Dick Hawaiian Gymnastic Assoc.

Clinic 1 (8) Back Handspring , Back

Somey 2(23) Problems Getting MG to Press 3(8)

Back Handspring, Back Somey with Twist 3(22)

The MG-NCAA Report 5(6) 1970 NCAA Team Champion­ships 5(7-9)

NCAA Spot Interviews 5(13-14)

A Few Thoughts on the High School Issue 7(10)

Improving High School Gym­nastics - Spot Interviews 7(24)

The Dreaded " Doing " 1 0(8) On Hair, Sideburns, etc.

11 (6-7) On the USGF 12(6-7)

Culbertson , Jon (A Critical Re-view of Difficulty Ratings)

Part 111- Rings 1(18-19) Part IV - P-Bars 3(26-27) Part V - Horizontal Bar 6(34-35)

Davis, Robert B. Extrapolations 11 (20)

Doyle , Michael Approaches to the Operation of the Gymnastic Meet 4(6)

Fortier, Frank Back Handspring 3(18) The Cartwheel Vault 3(19) Forward Handspring (Floater) 4(18)

Virtuosity in Vaulting 4(19) Frederick, A. Bruce The Roenrad Goes Scientific ,1 (8)

The Basel Gymnaestrada .1 (15-17)

Jugoslavian Gymnaestrada Ladders 2(14-15)

Book Reviews 2(28) Furbler, Ernest

Competitive Gymnastics in Switzerland 11 (4)

George, Jerry Cast to Upper Arms 1 (12-13) Free Hip, Back Pirouette to Undergrip 1 (4)

From Free Eagle, 1/ 1 Turn ,Backward 3(21)

Handstand-Cast Straight Arm Support 4(19-20)

From Free Eagle, Hop Pirou­ette Forward 4(20-21)

Handstand, Peach Hand­stand 6(23-24)

Back Uprise Full Turn ,6(24-25)

Grossfeld , Abe Elimination Competition for the Japanese World Cham­pionship Team 10(20-22)

Hatfield, Fred For the Love of the Sport 6(36)

Hennecke, Bob Let's D,o Compulsories 7(8)

Holmes, Bill 1970 NCAA College Divi sion Championships 4(12-15)

Holmes, Harold Cinematographic Analysis of the Backhandspring 2(18-19)

Huges, Eric Report of the Seattle Gym­nastic Club Tour of South America 11 (6)

Jacobs, Dave Views from the Stands at

Ljubljana 12(13+ ) Johnson , Marvin

Measuring Cross Progress 7(9)

Kunzle, George A Judge's Eye View of

Ljubljana 12(13) Lesch, Vic

Video Tape and Teaching Gymnastics 6(33)

Lingemann, Lloyd Jr. Gymnastic Meets Should Be Beautiful 2(8-9)

Lux, Tom Gymnastics in Montana 7(26)

Massimo, Joseph Peter DiFurio : In the Pursuit of Excellence 5(7)

The Beginning 10(10-11) Mead, Pel

Develop Creative Floor Exer­cise Corner Combinations 6(22)

Millman , Dan Front handspring, front somey; Full pirouette ; Tran­sition Movements 1 (1 0-11)

The (R)Evolution in Gymnas­tics 1 (6-7) See also letter 4(28)

Howe to Be a Great Gymnast in 3,274 Easy Lessons 3(24)

Imagination in Gymnastics 11 (13)

Norton, Don USGF National Champion­ships 6(10-12+ )

Reichl , Paul The RinQ Machine 4(19)

Roetzheim, Bill Bulgaria vs. the United States 3(6-7)

Report on the World Gymnas­tic Championship 12(10-12)

Rumpf, John F. Trampoline Accidents in the Secondary Schools 11 (21 -22)

Sakamoto, Makoto From the Captain's Point of View (World Championships) 12(14)

Sakoda, Ken Hands-A Photo Essay 3(12-13)

Marijuana and the Gymnast (Brave New World) 4(9)

Pasadena Invitational 4(22-23) N.cAA Spot Interviews

5(13-14) George Greenfield Interview

6(13) Steve Hug Interview 7(23) Improving High School Gym­nastics-Spot Interviews 7(24)

Sakamoto Interview 10(18-19) A Look at the Warm-Up

11(10-11) Masayuki Watanabe Interview

11(18-19) Sasvary, Les

3rd International Invitational -Mexico City 10(26)

Stacey, Kathy A Youth Gymnastic Program .2(24-25)

Sundby, Glenn Hands-A Photo Essay

3(12-13) Pasadena Invitational A(22-23)

George Greenfield Interview 6(13)

Summary of the U.S. World Games Efforts 10(4)

8th Annual Santa Monica Gymfest 10(12-17)

Szypula, George Summer Clinic at Michigan 1 (7)

Tonry, Don Se lection of National Team, .coaches and Judges 1 (6)

Side Horse Circles 1 (11) Back Rise to Handstand 1 (12) Judging the Side Horse Event 2(23)

Injury Preventatives 3(18-19) Upper Arm Hang Swinging Forward 3(19-20)

We Have Gone Too Far 4(7) Intermediate Side Horse Mounts 4(18)

Side Horse Dismounts 6(24-25)

1972 Olympic Parallel Bar Compulsory-Unofficial ,12(26-27)

Toth, Joseph General Warm-Up for Gymnastics 4(24-25)

Trimmer, Martin South African Cup 6(14-15)

Weiler, Wilhelm Report on the Pre-World Games (Yugoslavia) 1 (9)

Welser, Lyle Background and Trends Towards Scientific Analysis in Gymnastics 11 (22-23+ )

Weimann, Klaus Vaults of Maximum Pifficulty

Winberg, Jill Winning Is Fun 11 (9)

Wright, Jerry All-Around Rankings 3(23) World University Games-

1970 10(8-9) National Rankings for AII­Around-Oct. , 1970 10(31)

Wylde, Jim The CAA YMCA Gymnastic Camp-An Adventure in Volunteer Service 4(7-8)

Zuerlein, John NAIA Gymnastics: Adolescent

Seeking Maturity 6(16-19)

29

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