Working together for a safer world
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Leonidas Karistios
Global Gas Technology Market Manager
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Agenda
LNG role Gas as fuel - developments
Technology Possibilities
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
LNG offers Lifetime Opportunities – Drivers are threefold
Environmental Economic
Strategic CO2 SOx PM NOx
Abundant resources
Diversification
Political Risk hedging
Reliable supply chain
?
US Shale Gas
Australia’s new Supply
Russia China Pipeline
Nuclear Japan
LNG role
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Economical Drivers – Regional
- US LNG export dynamics
- ECA-NOx area
- USCG policy to LNG as Fuel
- Strong Private Equity investing on Gas Market
- Panama Canal – new ports
- Asia LNG price pressure to the economy
- Australia exports growing
- Public perception of going back to nuclear energy
- China LNG demand growing
- LNG strong imports in Korea and Japan
- LNG Bunkering Hubs
- LNG initiatives
- Future ECA-NOx
- Norwegian funds
- EU LNG funds
- Developing strong LNG bunkering hub
- Growth in LNG imports
- Technology innovation
LNG role
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Economical Drivers - A note on Pricing… LNG role
Oil & Gas price prediction
Source: ENN
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Agenda
LNG role Gas as fuel - developments
Technology Possibilities
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Gas as Fuel – Developments Understanding Supply and Demand
Gas as fuel -
developments
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
26 Responding Ports
Singapore
Vancouver
Los Angeles
Long Beach New York
Portsmouth
Le Havre
Zeebrugge
Piraeus
Amsterdam
Brunsbuettel
Southampton
Copenhagen
Frederikshavn
Yokohama
Busan
Gijon
Tenerife
Antwerp
Gothenburg
Stockholm
Narvik
Igoumenitsa
Hamburg
Bremen/
Bremerhaven
Lübeck
76%
24%
ECA
Non-ECA
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
From LR’s Port Survey Additional
Amsterdam Long Beach Vancouver Kaohsiung Aarhus Karmøy Santander Rotterdam
Bremen/ Bremerhaven Los Angeles Yokohama Latvia Bergen Kristiansund Stavanger Florø
Busan Lübeck Zeebrugge Ferrol Bodø Corpus Christi Talinn Sarnia
Brunsbuettel Narvik Antwerp Foss Buenos Aires Lysekil Turku Roscoff
Copenhagen New York Le Havre Freeport Barcelona Mongstad Wilhelmshaven Gulf of Bothia
Fredrikshavn Piraeus Tenerife Fujairah Poland Nanjing Zhoushan Incheon
Gijon Portsmouth Galveston Constanza Nynäsham Zwijndrecht
Gothenburg Singapore Singapore Ghent Oslo Tilbury Island
Hamburg Southampton Varna Helsinki Oulu Beaumont
Igoumenitsa Stockholm Venice Hirtshals Port Fourchon Geismar
The Logistics LNG Bunkering and the Radius of Operation – LNG Capable Ports RED ports currently offer LNG as a bunker fuel – Source: World Port Climate Initiative
Gas as fuel -
developments
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
From LR’s Port Survey Additional
Amsterdam Long Beach Vancouver Kaohsiung Aarhus Karmøy Santander Rotterdam
Bremen/ Bremerhaven Los Angeles Yokohama Latvia Bergen Kristiansund Stavanger Florø
Busan Lübeck Zeebrugge Ferrol Bodø Corpus Christi Talinn Sarnia
Brunsbuettel Narvik Antwerp Foss Buenos Aires Lysekil Turku Roscoff
Copenhagen New York Le Havre Freeport Barcelona Mongstad Wilhelmshaven Gulf of Bothia
Fredrikshavn Piraeus Tenerife Fujairah Poland Nanjing Zhoushan Incheon
Gijon Portsmouth Galveston Constanza Nynäsham Zwijndrecht
Gothenburg Singapore Singapore Ghent Oslo Tilbury Island
Hamburg Southampton Varna Helsinki Oulu Beaumont
Igoumenitsa Stockholm Venice Hirtshals Port Fourchon Geismar
The Logistics LNG Bunkering and the Radius of Operation – LNG Capable Ports RED ports currently offer LNG as a bunker fuel – Source: World Port Climate Initiative
Gas as fuel -
developments
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
LNG Supply drivers - infrastructure and availability Q10. What are
the most
important drivers
for your port to
provide LNG
bunkers in terms
of the port’s
commercial
position?
LNG Demand
Location
Pricing
Public opinion
Port significance
Infrastructure
Traffic
Competitive
▬ ▬
▲5
▼1
▼1
▲3
▬ ▬
▼3
▼3
LNG Demand
Infrastructure
Location
Pricing
Traffic
Public Opinion
Port significance
2011 2014
Availability
Competition
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Availability (fuel, technology & infrastructure) and
Pricing are the major drivers for shipowners!
Part 1
Q1. Please rate
the importance of
each of the below
drivers for your
company in
terms of
choosing certain
emission
mitigation
methods suitable
to your fleet.
Availability/Pricing
OPEx
CAPEx
Flexibility
Competency
Public Image
Competition
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Agenda
LNG role Gas as fuel - developments
Technology Possibilities
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
LNG Bunkering Solutions
Truck to Ship
Ship to Ship
Jetty to Ship
Technology
Small quantities <
1,500m3
Preferred method
6,500m3
Possibilities
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
LNG Bunkering Solutions
Ship to Ship
Technology
Preferred method
6,500m3
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
GAS FUELLED SHIPS Technology - Understanding the
receiving needs
“Viking Grace” Ferry
• Ship to Ship
• Ship to Jetty
• Simultaneous Safe Passenger / Cargo / Bunkering operations
“TESO” Ferry
• LNG as main fuel
• Hybrid Ship: LNG, Fuel Oil, Batteries & Solar
• Can operate solely on marine diesel if needed
GR Ships
• Gas Tank
• Gas/Hybrid Engines
• Gas Fuel Systems
• Bunkering System
NOW Decisions for NOW Exploitation NOW Decisions for
FUTURE Exploitation
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Technologies and Integration allow reliable LNG
bunkering - Gas Fuelled Container Ships
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Receiving Vessel features - Engine Selection
High Pressure GI Low Pressure DF
Characteristics:
*HFO and NG Modes
*Very high pressure
*NOx compliance
requires EGR
Characteristics:
*HFO and NG Modes
*Low pressure
*NOx compliance in
Gas mode
Gas Turbines
Characteristics:
*HFO and NG Modes
*Gensets
*NOx compliance in
Gas/ liquid mode
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Site-specific risk assessment: defining the safety zone
Case study: safe LNG bunkering in Portsmouth International
Port
A safety zone should be established in order to enable safe control within a defined
area of operations and provide mitigation from potential hazards originated from:
• LNG bunkering operations alongside or at anchorage having an impact on to third
parties and passing or moored vessels at location.
• Potential impact on to the bunkering operations by passing ship traffic, or accident
hazard originated from third party operations at a near location.
Technology
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Case study: safe LNG bunkering in Portsmouth International
Port
Bunkering Procedures: the process and method
Technology
Time to transfer 6,500 cbm LNG: 6.5 hrs Time to complete LNG bunkering safely: 11.5 hrs
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
The latest LNG Bunker Tanker to LR Class
Shell 6,500cbm LNG bunkering vessel under construction
at STX Korea
Lloyd’s Register class notations:
+100A1 Liquefied Gas Tanker, Ship Type 2G, Methane(LNG) in Independent Tanks type
C, Maximum Vapour Pressure 3.5 bar, Minimum Cargo temperature -163C, ShipRight
(ACS(B), SDA), *IWS, LI, ECO(BIO, BWT, GW, IBTS, IHM, OW, P, SOx)
+LMC, UMS, ICC, CCS, NAV-1, IBS, RMC, PMRL
Descriptive Note of ShipRight (CM, BWMP(T), SERS)
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
The latest LNG Bunker Tanker projects to LR Class
The Schulte Group Gas Fuel Supply
Vessel (GFSV) design
This will be a sophisticated supply chain dealing with
simultaneous operations and other factors not normally
associated with the LNG Sector.
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
The latest LNG Bunker Tanker projects to LR Class
Project “Argos GL” Gasoil/LNG bunker ship
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Agenda
LNG role Gas as fuel - developments
Technical Challenges
Possibilities
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Possibilities – LNG bunkering Jetty to ship and
simultaneous operations
Jetty to Ship
Possibilities
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
• Bespoke Risk Assessed Solutions by LR:
• Safety Exclusion Zones Calculation
• New Emergency Operational Procedures
• New Crew Competence and Awareness
Standard
Challenges – New bunkering locations for new ship types and
sizes & simultaneous operations
• Main Specific Gaps:
• Ensure Location’s safety
• How to deal with Emergencies
• How to ensure Public Safety
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Case Studies – LNG bunkering Jetty to ship and simultaneous
operations
• Rigorous Study by LR using ARBD
• Risk Assessment to the design and
operability of the system
• Bunkering System HAZOP
• Study of Plans
• Issue Safety Action Register (SAR)
• Emergency Procedures
LNG storage
Tanks
Bunker Station
Ship
Jetty
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
Case Studies – LNG bunkering Jetty to ship and simultaneous
operations
Multiple Trucks
Bunker Station
Ship
Jetty
Summary Points
40 recommendations for the system design
and operation on:
• Gas Detection
• ESD
• ERC and QC/DC
• Operational Procedures
• Regional Requirements
• Rigorous Study by LR using ARBD
• Risk Assessment to the design and
operability of the system
• Bunkering System HAZOP
• Study of Plans
• Issue Safety Action Register (SAR)
• Emergency Procedures
LNG Bunkering – Solutions for Ports
LR Experience - Designers, Shipbuilders, Operators & Others
• Designers, Shipbuilders, Operators & Others
o Fincantieri, Davie, STX, Hyundai, Rolls Royce, Veka, Damen, NACKS, FSG, DSME, Maersk, BMT, Princess Cruises, Wärtsilä, DFDS, Meyer Werft, COSCO, Bernard Schulte, TGE, BC Ferries, CMAL, UK MCA, Poseidon Med, IMO, …..
Lloyd’s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd’s Register Group Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Copyright © Lloyd’s Register Group Limited. 2014. A member of the Lloyd’s Register group.
Leonidas Karistios Global Gas Technology Market Manager
T 44 (0)33 041 40075 E [email protected]
Lloyd’s Register Group Limited
Global Technology Centre, Boldrewood Innovation Campus, Burgess Road,
Southampton SO16 7QF, UK
Working together for a safer world