Arousal,Stress, and
Anxiety
Arousal,Stress, and
Anxiety
Defining Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety
Trait
States
Measuring Arousal and Anxiety
Physiological signs (heart rate, respiration, skin conductance, biochemistry)
Global and multidimensional self-report surveys
e.g. Sport Anxiety Scale (trait anxiety)e.g. Sport Competition Anxiety Test (trait)e.g. Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2
Trait and StateAnxiety Relationship
High versus low trait anxious people usually have more state anxiety in highly evaluative situations.
Stress and the Stress Process
Define Stress:
(continued)
The Stress Process
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Selye Model of Stress
Three Phases of Stress Response
The General Adaptation Syndrome is
a model that is comprised of three elements or phases which describe the body’s response to
stress:
The Stress Process
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Selye Model of Stress
Three Phases of Stress Response
• Alarm- adrenaline, noradrenaline
• Resistance – allocate energy
• Exhaustion – lowered response
Stress and Stress Process Implications
In what stages of the stress process can we intervene?
How is stress best viewed?
Reduced by three methods:
Environmental Engineering
Somatic stress management
Cognitive stress management
Stress Management
Sources of Stress and Anxiety
____________
____________
____________
Situationalsources
Personal sources
____________Other? _____________
____________Other?_____________
How Arousal and AnxietyAffect Performance
Drive theory
Inverted–U hypothesis
Individualized zones of optimal functioning
Multidimensional anxiety theory
How Arousal and AnxietyAffect Performance
Catastrophe model
Reversal theory
Anxiety direction and intensity
Significance of all these views
Why Arousal and AnxietyInfluence Performance
Increased muscle tension and coordination difficulties
Attention and concentration
changes:
-
-
-
Why Arousal Influences Performance
Attentional narrowing
Implications for PracticeInteractional Model of Anxiety
Implications for PracticeRecognize arousal and state anxiety signs (feeling ill, dazed,muscle tension etc.)
Tailor coaching strategies to individuals:
Different strokes for different folks.
Sometimes arousal and state anxiety must be reduced, other times maintained, and other times facilitated.
Develop performers’ confidence.
Recognize Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety
Cold, clammy hands
Constant need to urinate
Profuse sweating
Negative self-talk
Dazed look in eyes
(continued)
Cotton (dry) mouth
Constantly sick
Difficulties sleeping
Recognize Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety
Feel ill
Headache
(continued)
Recognize Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety
Increased muscle tension
Butterflies in stomach
Inability to concentrate
Consistently perform better in non-evaluative situations
Others? _______________________
