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Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill
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Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

Dec 29, 2015

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Page 1: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

Arousal, Anxiety & Stress

Gobinder Singh Gill

Page 2: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

Aims and Objectives

ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety

MOST students will explain the cognitive and somatic effects of arousal, stress and anxiety

MOST students will associate ways to control anxiety in performance situations

SOME students will relate the theory of arousal, stress and anxiety to performance situations

Page 3: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

Definitions

• Arousal – a sense of alertness and anticipation, which prepares the body for action

• Anxiety – Feelings of fear and apprehension

• Stress – A response of the body to demands made upon it

• Arousal – activation – Degree of physiological alertness caused by increased arousal

Page 4: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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Effects of Arousal, Stress and Anxiety

Cognitive effectsNegative effects, such as, confusion, irrational thoughts, lack of concentration

Positive effects, faster information processing, increased attention

• Somatic effects

Increased heart rate

Increased blood

pressure

Sweating

Page 5: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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Stress and sport - summary

Stressor Stress response Stress experience

Frustration Somatic Positive, eustress

Foul Sweating, heart rate, adrenaline

Conflict

Competition demands Cognitive Negative, distress

Climate Anxiety, negative thoughts, lack of concentration

Fatigue

Playing badly

Worry of injury

Letting team down

Page 6: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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Positive or negative effects

Demands Perception Arousal Outcome

Situation Positive (Challenge)

Eustress Enhanced performance

Negative (threat) Distress Impaired performance

Page 7: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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The relationship between arousal and performance

• Drive theory

• Formula P = f(D * H) P = performance, f = function, D = drive, H= habit

• Works best with well learned skills

• Inverted “U” theory

• Performance arousal increases, but only to a certain point after which arousal deteriorates

• Depends on types of task, expertise and personality of performer

Page 8: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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The relationship between arousal and performance

• Catastrophe theory

• States that after arousal improves performance there is a sudden dramatic collapse

• This collapse is due to both somatic and cognitive effects

Page 9: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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Zone of Optimal Functioning (Hanin)

• Elite athletes use relaxation, imagery, visualisation and mental rehearsal to reach the ZOF

• The ZOF can occur at lower levels of arousal, especially in individual sports. It can also differ with the performers personality and preferences

Page 10: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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Features of the ZOF

• Extreme confidence• Automatic control• Control of the situation• Extreme focus• Fun• Effortless• Relaxed• Action and awareness merge• Total control over events• Total concentration• Absorbed in the activity

Page 11: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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Anxiety in Sport

• Trait anxiety• Innate – constant characteristic• State anxiety• Situation – specific – temporary emotional state• Competitive anxiety• Sport specific

Page 12: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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SCAT Test

• Anxiety is interactive:

• If you have the trait you are more likely to show the state

• Trait anxious participants are not equally anxious all the time

• Competitive anxiety can vary from near calm to complete panic

• A main cause of competitive anxiety is evaluation apprehension or being judged

Page 13: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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Measures of anxiety

• Self – report questionnaire

• Observation

• Physiological tests

Page 14: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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Controlling cognitive anxiety

• Imagery• Visualisation• Mental rehearsal or mental practice• Self talk• Goal setting

Page 15: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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Controlling somatic anxiety

• Relaxation

• Biofeedback

• Breathing

Page 16: Arousal, Anxiety & Stress Gobinder Singh Gill. Aims and Objectives ALL students to identify and define Arousal, Stress and Anxiety MOST students will.

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Summary

• Arousal, stress and anxiety are key to sports performance

• Performers who can cope with anxiety are more likely to succeed than those who fail to cope

• Arousal levels need to be optimised to reach effective performance

• Stress can be seen as both positive and negative• There are a range of strategies that can be utilised to

help overcome high anxiety levels

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