Survey of Plants, Fungi, and Algae
Medically important organisms traditionally called “plants”
Five Kingdom System
Kingdom Organisms Traditionally Called Plants
Monera Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae)
Protista Six Divisions (Phyla) of AlgaeTwo Divisions of Fungal-like Organisms
Animalia ---
Planta Ten Divisions of Plants from Mosses toFlowering Plants
Fungi Four Divisions of True Fungi
Oscillatoria
Nostoc
Kingdom MoneraCyanobacteria (Blue Green
Algae)
Spirulina
Kingdom Protista
Six divisions of algae: Division Pyrrophyta - dinoflagellates Division Chrysophyta - diatoms Division Euglenophyta - euglenoids Division Chlorophyta - green algae Division Rhodophyta - red algae Division Phaeophyta - brown algae
Two divisions of fungi
Dinoflagellates
Diatoms & Golden Brown Algae
Rhodophyta – Red Algae
Div. Phaeophyta
KELP - common name for several brown seaweeds
Algal Bloom
Kingdom Planta
10 divisions of plants Organize into 4 groups
mosses and liverworts (Division Bryophyta)
ferns and fern-allies (four divisions) gymnosperms (four divisions) angiosperms (Division Magnoliophyta)
Moss
Liverwort
Bryophyta: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Lower Vascular Plants: Ferns and fern-allies
Reproduce by spores formed in a sporangium
Long fossil historyDivisions
whisk ferns – Psilophyta club mosses – Lycophyta horsetails – Sphenophyta ferns – Pterophyta
Division Lycophyta Club Moss
Division Sphenophyta
Horsetails (Equisetum)
Division Pterophyta
Ferns - About 10,000 species exist from tropics to arctic.
Braken fern known to be toxic
Gymnosperms
Division Cycadophyta - CycadsDivision Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo Division Gnetophyta - Ephedra and
alliesDivision Coniferophyta - Conifers
Cycads
Cycad Female Cones
Leaves of a Ginkgo tree
Division Gnetophyta – Ephedra is one of three genera in the division
Division Coniferophyta:Yew (Taxus spp)
Division ConiferophytaCupressaceae - Cedar Family
Pollen release from a male Juniperus tree
Division Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms
Important Angiosperm Families with Health Effects
Solanaceae - nightshade familyPapaveraceae - poppy familyBrassicaceae - mustard familyEuphorbiaceae - euphorb familyRubiaceae - coffee tree familyFabaceae - legume familyLiliaceae - lily family
Fungal-like organisms in Kingdom Protista
Slime molds - Division Myxomycota Slimy (animal-like) feeding stage Reproduce by spores
Water molds - Division Oomycota Many in fresh water others on land Important plant pathogens in this group
Kingdom Fungi
Division Chytridiomycota (chytrids) – very primitive fungi – cause of amphibian extinctions
Divison Zygomycota (zygomycetes) - simple mycelial fungi – “sugar fungi”
Division Ascomycota (ascomycetes) - yeasts, mycelial fungi, morels, cup fungi, truffles
Division Basidiomycota (basidiomycetes) - mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs
Asexual Fungi (imperfect fungi) - artificial group of mycelial fungi with no sexual stage - molds
Fungi include molds and mushrooms
Fungi and Human Health
