Survey of Plants, Fungi, and Algae

Survey of Plants, Fungi, and Algae

Medically important organisms traditionally called “plants”

Five Kingdom System

Kingdom Organisms Traditionally Called Plants

Monera Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae)

Protista Six Divisions (Phyla) of AlgaeTwo Divisions of Fungal-like Organisms

Animalia ---

Planta Ten Divisions of Plants from Mosses toFlowering Plants

Fungi Four Divisions of True Fungi

Oscillatoria

Nostoc

Kingdom MoneraCyanobacteria (Blue Green

Algae)

Spirulina

Kingdom Protista

Six divisions of algae: Division Pyrrophyta - dinoflagellates Division Chrysophyta - diatoms Division Euglenophyta - euglenoids Division Chlorophyta - green algae Division Rhodophyta - red algae Division Phaeophyta - brown algae

Two divisions of fungi

Dinoflagellates

Diatoms & Golden Brown Algae

Rhodophyta – Red Algae

Div. Phaeophyta

KELP - common name for several brown seaweeds

Algal Bloom

Kingdom Planta

10 divisions of plants Organize into 4 groups

mosses and liverworts (Division Bryophyta)

ferns and fern-allies (four divisions) gymnosperms (four divisions) angiosperms (Division Magnoliophyta)

Moss

Liverwort

Bryophyta: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

Lower Vascular Plants: Ferns and fern-allies

Reproduce by spores formed in a sporangium

Long fossil historyDivisions

whisk ferns – Psilophyta club mosses – Lycophyta horsetails – Sphenophyta ferns – Pterophyta

Division Lycophyta Club Moss

Division Sphenophyta

Horsetails (Equisetum)

Division Pterophyta

Ferns - About 10,000 species exist from tropics to arctic.

Braken fern known to be toxic

Gymnosperms

Division Cycadophyta - CycadsDivision Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo Division Gnetophyta - Ephedra and

alliesDivision Coniferophyta - Conifers

Cycads

Cycad Female Cones

Leaves of a Ginkgo tree

Division Gnetophyta – Ephedra is one of three genera in the division

Division Coniferophyta:Yew (Taxus spp)

Division ConiferophytaCupressaceae - Cedar Family

Pollen release from a male Juniperus tree

Division Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Important Angiosperm Families with Health Effects

Solanaceae - nightshade familyPapaveraceae - poppy familyBrassicaceae - mustard familyEuphorbiaceae - euphorb familyRubiaceae - coffee tree familyFabaceae - legume familyLiliaceae - lily family

Fungal-like organisms in Kingdom Protista

Slime molds - Division Myxomycota Slimy (animal-like) feeding stage Reproduce by spores

Water molds - Division Oomycota Many in fresh water others on land Important plant pathogens in this group

Kingdom Fungi

Division Chytridiomycota (chytrids) – very primitive fungi – cause of amphibian extinctions

Divison Zygomycota (zygomycetes) - simple mycelial fungi – “sugar fungi”

Division Ascomycota (ascomycetes) - yeasts, mycelial fungi, morels, cup fungi, truffles

Division Basidiomycota (basidiomycetes) - mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs

Asexual Fungi (imperfect fungi) - artificial group of mycelial fungi with no sexual stage - molds

Fungi include molds and mushrooms

Fungi and Human Health