Survey of Plants, Fungi, and Algae Medically important organisms traditionally called “plants”

Survey of Plants, Fungi, and Algae

Medically important organisms traditionally called “plants”

Five Kingdom System

Kingdom Organisms Traditionally Called Plants

Monera Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae)

Protista Six Divisions (Phyla) of AlgaeTwo Divisions of Fungal-like Organisms

Animalia ---

Planta Ten Divisions of Plants from Mosses toFlowering Plants

Fungi Four Divisions of True Fungi

Oscillatoria

Nostoc

Kingdom MoneraCyanobacteria (Blue Green

Algae)

Spirulina

Kingdom Protista

Six divisions of algae: Division Pyrrophyta - dinoflagellates Division Chrysophyta - diatoms Division Euglenophyta - euglenoids Division Chlorophyta - green algae Division Rhodophyta - red algae Division Phaeophyta - brown algae

Two divisions of fungi

Dinoflagellates

Diatoms & Golden Brown Algae

Rhodophyta – Red Algae

Div. Phaeophyta

KELP - common name for several brown seaweeds

Algal Bloom

Kingdom Planta

10 divisions of plants Organize into 4 groups

mosses and liverworts (Division Bryophyta)

ferns and fern-allies (four divisions) gymnosperms (four divisions) angiosperms (Division Magnoliophyta)

Moss

Liverwort

Bryophyta: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

Lower Vascular Plants: Ferns and fern-allies

Reproduce by spores formed in a sporangium

Long fossil historyDivisions

whisk ferns – Psilophyta club mosses – Lycophyta horsetails – Sphenophyta ferns – Pterophyta

Division Lycophyta Club Moss

Division Sphenophyta

Horsetails (Equisetum)

Division Pterophyta

Ferns - About 10,000 species exist from tropics to arctic.

Braken fern known to be toxic

Gymnosperms

Division Cycadophyta - CycadsDivision Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo Division Gnetophyta - Ephedra and

alliesDivision Coniferophyta - Conifers

Cycads

Cycad Female Cones

Leaves of a Ginkgo tree

Division Gnetophyta – Ephedra is one of three genera in the division

Division Coniferophyta:Yew (Taxus spp)

Division ConiferophytaCupressaceae - Cedar Family

Pollen release from a male Juniperus tree

Division Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Important Angiosperm Families with Health Effects

Solanaceae - nightshade familyPapaveraceae - poppy familyBrassicaceae - mustard familyEuphorbiaceae - euphorb familyRubiaceae - coffee tree familyFabaceae - legume familyLiliaceae - lily family

Fungal-like organisms in Kingdom Protista

Slime molds - Division Myxomycota Slimy (animal-like) feeding stage Reproduce by spores

Water molds - Division Oomycota Many in fresh water others on land Important plant pathogens in this group

Kingdom Fungi

Division Chytridiomycota (chytrids) – very primitive fungi – cause of amphibian extinctions

Divison Zygomycota (zygomycetes) - simple mycelial fungi – “sugar fungi”

Division Ascomycota (ascomycetes) - yeasts, mycelial fungi, morels, cup fungi, truffles

Division Basidiomycota (basidiomycetes) - mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs

Asexual Fungi (imperfect fungi) - artificial group of mycelial fungi with no sexual stage - molds

Fungi include molds and mushrooms

Fungi and Human Health