South Carolina’s Prison System
Report to the Sentencing Reform Oversight Committee
Bryan P. Stirling, Acting DirectorNovember 18, 2013
2
SCDC Institution Levels and Population Count
Level I (Minimum Security): 8 InstitutionsLevel II (Medium Security): 9 InstitutionsLevel III (Maximum Security): 6 InstitutionsFemale: 3 Institutions
Agency Total: 26 Institutions*
* Within the past 12 months Watkins Pre-Release was closed for housing and repurposed as office space, and a wing at Stevenson CI was closed and the institution was merged with Walden CI.
Institutional Count Total (as of November 18, 2013) = 21,933
3
Utilized Capacity on November 13, 2013
Capacity Utilization on November 13, 2013
78.6%
104.0%99.3%
81.6%
95.2% 93.4%92.3%
55.5%
92.9%
76.8%
67.0%
89.1%
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
120.0%
Level 1 (Min.) Level 2 (Med.) Level 3 (Max.) Female Inst.
General HousingSpecial Mgmt.Programs
4
Average Daily Population StatisticsFiscal Years 2001 - 2013
• SCDC’s Average Daily Population*:• - Between June 2001 and June 2013 increased by 1,126 (5.4%)• - Between June 2012 and June 2013 decreased by 624 (2.7%)• By law, SCDC must provide security, housing, clothing, food, and healthcare. • To prepare inmates for reentry into community, SCDC provides education, work,
and addiction treatment programs.
• *Facilities and Authorized Absences.
21,026
21,809
22,970
23,958
23,358
22,776
22,152
24,081
23,43723,222
22,939
24,105
22,964
20,000
21,000
22,000
23,000
24,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Fiscal Year
Inm
ates
5
SCDC Average Monthly Facility Count
SCDC Average Monthly Facility Count July 2010 - October 2013
20500
21000
21500
22000
22500
23000
23500
24000
Jul-1
0
Sep-10
Nov-10
Jan-1
1
Mar-11
May-11
Jul-1
1
Sep-11
Nov-11
Jan-1
2
Mar-12
May-12
Jul-1
2
Sep-12
Nov-12
Jan-1
3
Mar-13
May-13
Jul-1
3
Sep-13
6
22,613
Actual SCDC Population
June 2, 2010 – S.1154 Date of Implementation
*
The Prison Population Is Moving In The Opposite Direction From What Was Projected By Applied Research Services, Inc.
* The high average monthly jurisdictional count for CY 2013 occurred in January 2013.
High Average Jurisdictional Count CY 1998 – CY 2013 (To Date)
7
Annual Admissions to SCDCFiscal Years 1997 - 2013
Annual Admissions to SCDC FY 1997 - 2013
11,734
12,84113,397
13,950
13,19912,586
10,888
10,170
9,569
13,906
13,23413,373
13,700
11,005
11,33911,321
10,849
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
FY1997
FY1998
FY1999
FY2000*
FY2001
FY2002
FY2003
FY2004*
FY2005
FY2006
FY2007
FY2008*
FY2009
FY2010
FY2011
FY2012*
FY2013
8
Monthly Admissions to SCDCSeptember 2011 – October 2013
Admissions to SCDC September 2011 - October 2013
1,071
823776 771 765
866927
786858
761 788862 858
939
670
851
720679
842777 754
829799
822873
890
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
SEP - 201
1
OCT - 20
11
NOV - 201
1
DEC - 2011
JAN - 2
012
FEB - 201
2
MAR - 2012
APR - 2012
MAY - 201
2
JUN - 2
012
JUL - 2
012
AUG - 201
2
SEP - 201
2
OCT - 20
12
NOV - 201
2
DEC - 2012
JAN - 2
013
FEB - 201
3
MAR - 2013
APR - 2013
MAY - 201
3
JUN - 2
013
JUL - 2
013
AUG - 201
3
SEP - 201
3
OCT - 20
13
9
Admissions and Releases FY 2009 - 2013
9,56910,170
10,888
13,19912,586
11,409
13,45412,744
9,623
12,024
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fiscal Year
# of
Off
ende
rs
Admissions
Releases
10
Annual Violent and Non-Violent AdmissionsFiscal Years 2008 - 2013Admissions Violent vs. Non-Violent
(36% Decrease in Non-Violent Admissions Between FY 2008 and FY 2013)
2,180 2,043 2,146 2,052 2,046 2,042
11,77011,156
10,440
8,8368,124
7,527
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fiscal Year
# A
dmiss
ions
ViolentNon-Violent
11
Violent vs. Non-Violent Population
June 30, 2002
10,19846%11,961
54%
ViolentNon-Violent
June 30, 2013
13,93563%
8,23337%
12
SCDC Population Profileas of June 30, 2013
Current Age Distribution
2,89113%
1,3676%
1,6728%
7,39933%
8,83940%
21 & Under22-2526-3536-5556 and Over
Race Distribution
7,40133% 14,187
64%
5803%
Black WhiteOther
13
SCDC Inmates As Of November 15, 2013 Who Have A Gang Affiliation
(2,227 Inmates Make Up The 2,356 Memberships)
GANGS MEMBERS
BLOODS 834
FOLK NATION 726
FIVE PERCENTERS 349
CRIPS 174
WHITE SUPREMACY 59
ARYAN BROTHERHOOD 33
BLACK GANGSTER DISCIPLES 19
INSANE GANGSTER DISCIPLES 16
SATANIC CULTS 14
SATANISM 13
SURENOS 10
ARYAN NATIONS 9
ALL Others 100
TOTAL 2,356
14
All YOA Admissions FY 2008 – FY 2013
1,626
925
625
1,259
1,058
1,8281,710
646725
926932996
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
All YOAs New YOAs from Court
15
Yearly Violent and Non-Violent Burglary 2nd Degree YOA Admissions, FY 2008 – FY 2013
20
321
223
163
110
26 31 27 14 27
302
325
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Violent Non-Violent
65.7% Drop in Non-Violent Burglary 2nd DegreeYOA Admissions between FY 2010 and FY 2013
16
SCDC Population Profileas of June 30, 2013
Leading Most Serious Offense Distribution
17% 16%
7%
17%
13%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Dangerous Drugs Homicide Burglary Robbery Assault
Most Serious Offense (MSO)
% o
f Pop
ulat
ion
17
Inmates Age 55 and Older in SCDC Population as of June 30, 2003 - 2013
833 880 9431,114 1,242
1,4191,555 1,632
1,7681,929
1,002
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
June 30th
Inm
ates
55
and
Old
er
18
Increasing Demands from More Difficult and More Service-Intensive Inmates
• More Truth-in-Sentencing (TIS) inmates (ineligible for parole and required to serve 85% of their sentence):
– In June 2000, 3,915 inmates (18% of population)– In June 2013, 11,133 inmates (50% of population)– (These inmates have few incentives to reduce negative
behaviors.)• 13,935 violent offenders (63% of population)• 3,034 mentally ill inmates (14% of population)• More than half (56%) of the population have medical problems • Almost half (48%) cannot read at 9th grade level • 8,448 chemically dependent inmates (38% of population)
19
Recidivism Rates of Inmates ReleasedDuring Fiscal Years 2003 – 2010*
Percentage of Releases who Returned to SCDC within Three Years or Less
27.5%
29.4%
33.9%32.7%
33.6%33.0% 33.5%
30.6%
25%
30%
35%
FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010
Year of Release
Rat
e of
Ret
urn
*Inmates released in FY 2010 and followed for three years, i.e., through FY 2013.
20
South Carolina Violent Crime Rates, 1975 – 2011*
SC Violent Crime Rates
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Calendar Year
*Source: South Carolina Department of Public Safety. Rates are number of crimes per 10,000 population.
21
South Carolina Property Crime Rates, 1975 – 2011*
*Source: South Carolina Department of Public Safety. Rates are number of crimes per 10,000 population.
SC Property Crime Rates
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Calendar Year
22
FY 2012 Expenditures(Total = $415.6 Million)
Penal Inspection, Capital Projects, &
Federal$2.4 Million
(0.6%)
Administrative Functions
$17.2 Million(4.1%)
Palmetto Unified School
$6.8 Million(1.6%)
Inmate Services$4.1 Million
(1.0%)
Work & Vocational Activities
$30.1 Million(7.3%)
Medical Care$65.8 Million
(15.8%)
Housing & Security$289.3 Million
(69.6%)
23
FY 2013 Expenditures (Total = $424.6 Million)
Penal Inspection, Capital Projects, &
Federal$2.9 Million
(0.7%)
Administrative Functions
$20.2 Million(4.8%)
Palmetto Unified School
$8.3 Million(2.0%)
Inmate Services$4.2 Million
(1.0%)
Work & Vocational Activities
$32.0 Million(7.5%)
Medical Care$66.6 Million
(15.7%)
Housing & Security$290.4 Million
(68.4%)
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Young Offender Parole & Re-Entry ServicesIntensive Supervision Services (ISS)
GENERAL INFORMATION Historically, the recidivism rate for Youthful Offenders released from
SCDC has exceeded 50%.
SCDC implemented a new community supervision service called Intensive Supervision during FY 2011-12.
ISS is based on the nationally recognized Intensive Aftercare Program (IAP) Model that utilizes evidence-based practices proven to: Ensure the successful reentry of Youthful Offenders back into the community; Assist in the reduction of recidivism; Improve family and individual functioning; Ensure community safety; Reduce victimization.
Through ISS, an Intensive Supervision Officer (ISO) works in the community and is assigned to each Youthful Offender upon admission at SCDC.
ISOs act in a proactive manner in the life of each offender under his/her supervision and manage a caseload of no more than twenty (20) individuals.
25
Young Offender Parole & Re-Entry ServicesIntensive Supervision Services (ISS)
ISO GUIDELINES• ISO Level of Supervision While an Offender is Incarcerated Face-to-face visits, one per month.
Completes two onsite residential assessments to ensure suitable placement.
Completes a GRAD 90 Risk/Asset Assessment, which addresses both the risks (mental health issues, substance abuse, sociability concerns, career development) and assets (individual strengths, positive leisure time, family/mentor support, workforce readiness) that have proven prominent to the lives of the Youthful Offender population.
Completes an individualized Case Management Plan (CMP) that incorporates Restorative Justice practices and develops objectives for offenders that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and timely. Examples of objectives include employment, educational placement (vocational or GED), drug testing, substance abuse counseling, mental health services, and parenting skills.
Develops a Community Reentry Team (CRT) that meets regularly to develop resources to assist the offender when reentering society.
26
Young Offender Parole & Re-Entry ServicesIntensive Supervision Services (ISS)
• ISO Level of Supervision While an Offender is under Parole Supervision in the Community
Face-to-face visits in the community (day, evening and week-end). First week: three (3) Second week, onward: one (1) per week, four (4) per month
Ensures that parole conditions are met, to include payment of restitution to crime victims.
Utilizes a series of Graduate Responses (i.e., community service, electronic monitoring, reduce curfew, etc.) to address Technical Violations (i.e., absconding, exceeding curfew, failure of random drug test, etc.).
Utilizes a series of Incentives (i.e., academic recognition, certificate of achievement, extend curfew, etc.) to encourage positive behavior.
Implements then reviews individualized Case Management Plan (CMP) monthly with CRT, updating as offender needs change.
27
Young Offender Parole & Re-Entry ServicesIntensive Supervision Services (ISS)
• DATA (Current) Total of 876 offenders are assigned to 49 ISOs
474 (54%) of assigned offenders are on IS parole
402 (46%) of assigned offenders remain in SCDC institutions
A total of 645 Grad-90 Assessments have been completed
Total of 449 random drug tests have been performed on offenders on IS parole
278 (62%) of offenders have passed these random drug tests
171 (38%) of offenders have failed these random drug tests
Total of 207 (44%) offenders in the community are gainfully employed
Total of 110 offenders in the community are enrolled in GED classes
28
Young Offender Parole & Re-Entry ServicesIntensive Supervision Services (ISS)
• DATA (cont.) Total of 23 offenders in the community are enrolled in Higher Education
Total of 46 offenders in the community are enrolled in Alternative Education
Total of 70 offenders in the community are involved in Competency Development Programs (not education)
Total of 135 Incentives have been used
388 Graduate Responses have been issued/used
Total of $5,909.00 has been paid in restitution to victims
Total of 400 Technical Violations have occurred
Total of 8 (1.7%) of paroled offenders have been returned to SCDC custody for violations
29
• Centralized and expanded the male pre-release program at Manning CI. Increased the number of inmates from 200 to 600 and the length of the program from 90 days to 180 days to better prepare inmates for release and transition back into the community.
• Closed one and a half Level 1 (Minimum Security) institutions.
• Implemented the new Intensive Supervision Services (ISS) program for Youthful Offenders. This was done using the model begun by the Department of Juvenile Justice to reduce recidivism among these young offenders by providing intensive supervision in the community and assisting in their transition from prison to the community.
Recent Accomplishments
30
• Developed and implemented a new paroling authority for Youthful Offenders – the Intensive Supervision Administrative Releasing Authority (ISARA). ISARA was developed to increase offender accountability, enhance public safety and incorporate the victim and community, as well as the offender, as active participants in the paroling process.
• Developed, tested, validated, and implemented a new evidence-based risk/needs assessment instrument for Youthful Offenders. The Global Risk Assessment Device (GRAD-90) was designed specifically for Youthful Offenders incarcerated at SCDC. It is being used to evaluate the risks and service needs of Youthful Offenders returning to their communities under intensive supervision. This risk/needs assessment instrument is currently being adapted for use with female offenders at SCDC, and, eventually, with the rest of the inmate population.
• The substance abuse treatment program for Youthful Offenders has been expanded from one to three institutions.
Recent Accomplishments (cont.):
31
Recent Accomplishments (cont.):
• During FY 2011, agency budget deficits were eliminated for the first time in three years; employee furloughs have been avoided since then.
• Overall recidivism rates have declined in each of the last three years. The most recent 3-year return-to-prison rate is 27.5 percent.
• The average daily inmate population has decreased by 1,259 between FY 2011 and FY 2013. (From 23,939 in FY 2011 to 22,680 in FY 2013)
