2. 1970 Quasar . . 6 . 6 . 2 3. : . 3 4. 1980 Bob Galvin 6. . Malcolm Baldrige1988 6 . 4 5. 6 " " . 6 3.4 . 3.4 . 5 6. . QC TQC TQM 5080() . 6. . 6 7. (Six Sigma) () . 7 8. 8 9. 3.4. ,. . . 9 10. (variation) 6. (16) 3.4 . 10 11. . . . -" - 11 12. (Six Sigma) : : 12 13. : 13 14. : 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6-() () 14 15. Defect Per Million Opportunitis) DPMO : 'Long Term Yield' (basically the percentage of successful outputs or operations) % Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO) 'Processs Sigma' 30.9 691,462 1 69.1 308,538 2 93.3 66,807 3 99.4 6,210 4 99.98 233 5 99.99966 3.4 6 one to six sigma conversion table 15 16. Sigma level Sigma (with 1.5 shift) DPMO Percent defective Percentage yield Short-term Cpk Long-term Cpk 1 -0.5 691,462 69% 31% 0.33 0.17 2 0.5 308,538 31% 69% 0.67 0.17 3 1.5 66,807 6.7% 93.3% 1.00 0.5 4 2.5 6,210 0.62% 99.38% 1.33 0.83 5 3.5 233 0.023% 99.977% 1.67 1.17 6 4.5 3.4 0.00034% 99.99966% 2.00 1.5 7 5.5 0.019 0.0000019% 99.9999981% 2.33 1.83 16 17. DMAIC DMAIC .DMAIC .DMAIC Define() Measure() Analyze() Improve() Control() . DMAIC 17 18. DMAIC 5 . 3.4 . 18 19. DMAIC D(Define)M(Measure)A(Analyze)I(Improve)C(Control) 19 20. -Define() 1- . . 2- . 20 21. (champion) : . (). (- ) ( ) . ( SIPOC) . . *** . 21 22. Measure( ) ( ) . (3) . 22 23. : 1- 2- 3- 4-R7R5- 6- 7-FMEA ( )8- 9- 10- 11- 12- (run chart) ( champion) : . . . 23 24. Analyze() (). . . 24 25. : 1- 2-3- 4- 5- 6- 7- (DOE )8-() 9- 10- 11- 12-13- 14- 15- 16- . () (champion) : . . . . 25 26. -Improve() . . 26 27. : 1- 2-( )3- 4- 5- 6- 7- FMEA ( )8- 9- 10- . ( champion ) : . . 27 28. -Control() MRP . . 5 . 28 29. : - - - - - - -(.9000) 29 30. D M A I C 30 31. 6 DMAIC 6 31 32. Lean thinkingSIX SIGMA Remove waste Reduce variation 1.(identify value) 2. (identify value stream) 3.(flow) 4. (pull) 5.(perfection) 1. (define) 2. (measure) 3. (analyze) 4. (improve) 5. (control) Flow focused Problem focused . () . 32 33. ( ) Reduce flow time Uniform process output 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 33 34. BLACK BELTS - (4:) 6 . GREEN BELTS - (5 :) 6 . TEAM MEMBRS - (6:) 34 35. ( ( : . . . . /. . . 35 36. . . : . . ((ChampionBlack) Belt) 36
