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VISUAL PRINCIPLES
Roles of Visual in Instruction
1) Provides concrete referent for ideas
- iconic i.e. more easily to be remembered
as compared to words
This visual image of an appleis the referent of the word apple
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Roles of Visual in Instruction
2) Motivate learners
- by attracting learners attention and
generating emotional responses
Roles of Visual in Instruction
3) Simplify information that is difficult to
understand
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SERIES OF DESIGN DECISION
Visual Design Element Visual Design PatternVisual Design Arrangement
Visual Element Verbal Element
Realistic
Analogic
Organization
Letter style
Colour
Capitals
Number of style
Size
Spacing
Alignment
Style
Balance
Shape
Colour scheme
Colour appeal
Add Appeals
Surprise
Texture
Interaction
Proximity
Directionals
Figure-groundcontrast
Consistency
Roles of Visual in Instruction
4) Provide redundant channel
- comprehend spoken and written
information
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Process of Visual Design
1) Elements selecting the verbal/visual
elements to be incorporated into display
2) Pattern choosing an underlying pattern
for the elements of the display
3) Arrangement arranging the individualelement within the underlying pattern
Surprise
PROCESS OF VISUAL DESIGN
Visual Design Element Visual Design PatternVisual Design Arrangement
Alignment
Style
Balance
Shape
Colour scheme
Colour appeal
Proximity
Directionals
Figure-groundcontrast
Consistency
Visual Element Verbal Element
Realistic
Analogic
Organization
Letter style
Colour
Capitals
Number of style
Size
Spacing
Add Appeals
Texture
Interaction
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Process of Visual Design: Elements
1) Visual elements
i) Realistic
ii) Analogic
iii) Organizational
Elements : Visual Elements
1) Realistic
Show the actual object under study
ABSTRACT REALISTIC
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Elements : Visual Elements
1) Realistic visuals
The more realistic a visual is, the closer itis to the original
Elements : Visual Elements
2) Analogic visuals
Convey topic by showing something elseand implying a similarity
E.g. the function of human memory withthe function of computer memory
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Elements : Visual Elements
3) Organizational visuals
Such as flowcharts, graphs, maps,classification charts
Elements : Verbal Elements
1) Letter style
It should be consistent and harmonize withthe other visual elements
Straightforward and plain style
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Elements : Verbal Elements
2) Number of lettering styles
Not more than 2 different type styles Limit variations (bold, italic, underline, size
changes) to four
Elements : Verbal Elements
3) Capitals
Use lowercase lettersAdding capitals when it is necessary
Headlines can be in capitals but not morethan 3 words
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Elements : Verbal Elements
4) Colour of lettering
The lettering colour should contrast withthe background colour
Think about your audience..
Elements : Verbal Elements
5) Size of lettering
Rule of thumb: make lower case letters !inch high for each 10 feet of viewer
distance
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Elements : Verbal Elements
6) Spacing between letters
Consider optical spacing Estimating approximately equal amounts
of with space between letters
L A B W O R K
Elements : Verbal Elements
7) Spacing between lines
Letters should be not too cramped or toowidely separate
Text is most legible when separation is11/2 times average letter height
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Elements :Elements that add appeals
1) Surprise
Think unusual metaphor, a dramaticchange of size
2) Texture
Use 3 dimensional visuals (if possible) It can convey clearer idea
Elements :
Elements that add appeals
3) Interaction
R of the ASSURE MODELAsk learners to respond visual displays by
manipulating materials on the display
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Process of Visual Design: Pattern
2) Shape
Put and arrange visual into shape thatfamiliar to learner
Simple geometric figure circle, rectangle Consider of the Rule Of Thirds
Rule of Thirds
Place your important elements where these linesintersect
Good places to put things; third of the way up, third ofthe way in from the left
Duff places to put things; right in the middle, right at thetop, right at the bottom, away in the corner
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Process of Visual Design: Pattern
5) Colour scheme
Consider the harmoniousness of thecolour color wheel
6) Colour appeal
Consider warm and cool colour Warm colour active learner, children Cool colour thoughtful learner, adult Consider cultural basis
Complimentary colours: any two colours
that lie directly opposite each other
Analogous colours: colours that lienext to each other
Complimentary and Analogous colours may formpleasing combinationswhen used together in a display
The Colour Wheel
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Use coolcolour for background Highlight important cues in warmcolour such as red and orange
Process of Visual Design:
Arrangement
1) Proximity
Element that close to each other arerelated and vice versa
2) Directionals Can be used to direct attention Eye movement pattern E.g. arrow, bold, bullet
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Process of Visual Design:Arrangement
3) Figure-ground contrast
Wording should contrast to thebackground
4) Consistency
Consistent in the arrangement of theelements Place similar element in similar location Use same text for headlines
End of the Lesson 8