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Program : MBASemester : III
Subject Code : MB0050
Subject Name : Research Methodology
Unit Number : 1
Unit Title : Introduction to Research
Lecture Number : 1
Lecture Title : Introduction to Research
Book Id : B1700
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Introduction to Research
Objectives :
Define the concept of research in management
Identify the types of researches available to a business researcher
Describe the complete process of a research study.
Explain the application of research in different domains of
Management
Identify the criteria needed to classify research as meaningful and
good research.
In this unit, we will discuss the meaning of research, the types of
researches available to the researcher and the process of a
research study.
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Lecture Outline
Introduction
What is Research?
Types of Research
The Process of Research
Research Applications in Social and Business Sciences
Features of a Good Research Study
Summary
Check Your Learning
Activity
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Introduction
Research methodology refers to the procedures used in making
systematic observations or otherwise obtaining data, evidence, or
information as part of a research project or study.
Research activities may range from a simple collection of facts
(example, the number of MBA students who opt for higher studies
abroad in a particular institute) to validation of information (for
example, is the new diet cola more popular among women?) to an
exhaustive theory and model construction (for example,
constructing a model of Indias weather patterns in 2050 based onclimate change projections).
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What is Research?
Fred Kerlinger (1986) stated that Scientific research is a
systematic, controlled and critical investigation of propositions
about various phenomena.
Grinnell (1993) has simplified the debate and stated The word
research is composed of two syllables, re and search .
Hence management research is an unbiased, structured, and
sequential method of enquiry, directed towards a clear implicit or
explicit business objective.
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Types of Research
Based on the nature of enquiry or objectives, research can be of
the following types. Exploratory research
Conclusive research
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Types of Research
Exploratory research is used to gain a deeper understanding of
the issue or problem that is troubling the decision maker.
For Example: Let us say a diet food company wants to find out what kind
of snacks customers like to eat and where they generally buy health food
from.
Exploratory research studies are less structured, more flexible inapproach and sometimes could lead to some testable hypothesis.
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Types of Research
Conclusive research is carried out to test and validate the study
hypothesis. In contrast to exploratory research, these studies aremore structured and definite.
For example, finding customer satisfaction levels of heavy consumers of
different pizzas in the Pizza Hut menu.
Conclusive research can be of two types descriptive or causal
research. The main goal of descriptive research is to describe the
data and characteristics about what is being studied. Casual
research studies explore the effect of one thing on another and
more specifically, the effect of one variable on another.
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The Process of Research
While conducting research,
information is gathered
through a sound and
scientific research process.
The process of research is
interlinked at every stage.
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Features of a Good Research Study
For a research to be of value, it must possess the following
characteristics:
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Unit-1 Introduction to Research
It must have a clearly
stated purpose.
It must follow a systematicand detailed plan for
investigating the researchproblem.
The selection of techniquesof collecting information,sampling plans and data
analysis techniques mustbe supported by a logical justification about why the
methods were selected.
The results of the study
must be presented in anunbiased, objective andneutral manner.
The research at every stage
and at any cost mustmaintain the highest ethicalstandards.
The reason for astructured, ethical,
justifiable and objectiveapproach is the fact thatthe research carried out by
you must be replicable
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Summary
Research is a tool, of special significance in all areas of management. It can
be defined as an unbiased, structured, and sequential method of enquiry,
directed towards a clear implicit or explicit business objective.
Based on the nature of enquiry or the objective, research can be
exploratory or conclusive research.
A research study usually follows a structured sequence of steps:
Developing and defining the research problem
Formulating the study hypothesis
Developing the study plan or proposal
Identifying the research design
Designing the sampling approach
Conceptualizing and developing the data collection plan
Executing data analysis
Working out data inference and conclusions
Compiling and preparing the research report 11
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Check Your Learning
1. Define Research.
Ans: Research is a careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in somefield of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles.
2. What are the different types of researches that can be conducted by a
researcher?Ans: Research may be fundamental (or basic) or applied research. Based on thenature of enquiry or the objective, research can be exploratory or conclusive.
3. Distinguish between descriptive and causal research studies?
Ans: The main goal of descriptive research is to describe the data andcharacteristics about what is being studied. Casual research studies explore the
effect of one thing on another and more specifically, the effect of one variable
on another.
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Activity
Give examples of fundamental and applied research. You may refer
newspapers, magazines, journals or the Internet to find out the
examples.
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Unit-1 Introduction to Research