Index
Achard-de-Germane, Alexandre, 99Acte additionnel, 33, 68–71, 85, 119, 340Adeline, Louis, 212Adrets, 78Affiliation Catholique, 322agents provocateurs, 334Agier, François-Marie, 26, 196–197, 202, 211,
215Agier defection
1824 elections, 1921827 campaign, 2181827 elections, 2361828 administration, 2411830 elections, 251alliance with Liberals, 218–219, 270Centre-Right, 190and Chateaubriand, 190, 198and Greece, 209and judiciary, 196–197and prefectoral control, 192
Aide-toi le Ciel t’aideracollapse, 327and doctrinaires, 221historiography, 338organizational role, 16, 19, 191, 210–212, 219,
281post-Revolution, 318and tax revolts, 265
Ain, 126Aisne, 246Aix-la-Chapelle Congress, 82Albi, 308L’Album, 254Aldéguier, Hippolyte d’, 49, 60, 251,
304Alexander I, 2, 136, 138Algiers expedition, 245, 284Allemont, 78Allied powers
1814 position, 2association with monarchy, 39, 130
and Legitimists, 324occupation of France, 33post-Revolution fear of intervention, 305restoration of Bourbons, 27, 30and White Terror, 54
Alsace. See also Bas-Rhin; Haut-Rhin1827 elections, 216, 233–236Bonapartism, 220Charles X tour, 275and forest codes, 307historiography, 19Liberals, 179–180post-Revolution, 321
L’Alsacien, 321Altkirch, 172, 284L’Ami de la Charte, 145, 146Amiens, 254L’Ami du Roi, 60Amilhau, Jean-Pierre, 171, 309, 315Amis de la Liberté, 141, 142Amis de la Vérité, 142Amis de l’Armorique, 142amnesty, 35, 51, 91ancien régime, privileges, 3Angers, 281, 304Angoulême, 262Angoulême, Duke Louis-Antoine of
government, 45, 51in Grenoble, 152, 162Hundred Days, 32, 44Spanish war, 139, 171in Toulouse, 42, 43ultraroyalism, 206
anticlericalism1824, 188–1891827 elections, 205Alsace, 67anticlerical riots, 224, 226, 312, 317continuing issue, 124, 225–229, 300, 336post-Revolution riots, 312practices, 17
360
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 361
Arago, Etienne, 255Arago, François, 320Arbaud-Jouques, Joseph d’, 173arbitrary arrest, 3Ardèche, 59, 216Ardennes, 263, 280Argenson, Count Marc-René Voyer d’
1827 elections, 2361831 elections, 315Carbonaro, 142, 143defeat, 329and Guizot, 272and Liberal banquets, 247political position, 272, 318post-Revolution, 313republicanism, 273, 318, 327resignation, 269salon, 37social class, 183, 337
Ariège, 294, 307L’Aristarque, 198army
Algiers expedition, 284attempts at subversion, 169conscription, 316–317foreign troops, 230July Monarchy, 307Liberal view of, 176–177, 228, 336military force, 3mobilization, 170purges, 30–31, 35reorganization, 83republican recruitment, 326response to July Revolution, 286retirement of Imperial officers, 188role of commanders in elections, 81Saint-Cyr Law, 83, 176Soult Law, 316–317and the press, 257veterans of Napoleon’s army, 229–230
Aroux, Eugène, 158, 212, 264Arras, 290arrondissements, 21Arros, Joseph-Philippe d’, 124, 125, 248artisans, 288Artois, Count of (later Charles X). See also
Charles Xaccession as Charles X, 188Commander of National Guard, 44and Conservateur, 84elections, 63, 172freemasonry, 41and note secrète, 86rising influence, 136and royal sovereignty, 5
and taxation, 40ultra, 31, 34visit to Grenoble, 40
Aube, 146, 183, 253, 281, 291Aubrée, Pierre, 142, 176Aubusson, 254Aude, 59Audry de Puyraveau, Pierre, 289, 305Aurillac, 160Austria, 136, 305, 319Auterive, 66Authier, Jean, 112, 294, 303Auvergne, 216, 243Auxonne, 174L’Aviso, 254
Bagnères de Luchon, 116Balzac, Honoré de, 18, 229banquets
1840s, 331Bas-Rhin, 161Beaune, 162Isère, 123, 129Liberals, 262–263, 338Normandy, 168patriotic banquets, 117and prefects, 247republicans, 325
Barante, baron Prosper de, 222Barbé-Marbois, François, 50, 55Barbès, Armand, 14, 334Bar-le-Duc, 216, 248Barral, Joseph-Marie de, 72, 80Barre, Grégoire-Jean, 112, 133barricades, 288Barrot, Odilon
1831 elections, 315and Aide-toi, 211, 281compte rendu, 320Movement member, 318resignation, 317and right of association, 327tour of Alsace, 321
Bar-sur-Aube, 291Bart, Charles, 255, 303Barthe, Félix, 202, 211Barthélemy, Philippe, 52, 53Barthélemy proposal, 88, 116–117, 122, 123Bas-Rhin. See also Haguenau; Sélestat;
Strasbourg; Wissembourg1815 elections, 501816 elections, 611819 elections, 110–112, 1281820 crisis, 130–1321821 elections, 164
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
362 Index
Bas-Rhin (cont.)1824 elections, 172–1731827 Liberals, 2331830 elections, 2831831 elections, 3151834 elections, 329Acte additionnel, 69–70charity, 280and Constant, 234–236, 273Decazes period, 95–96decline of Radicals, 161–162fédérés, 73Hundred Days, 65, 67Liberal decline, 168–169Liberal territory, 22Liberals, 177, 179newspapers, 115political opinions, 122–123politics, 20post-Restoration tensions, 40post-Revolution, 309–310, 313–314post-Revolution patronage, 304–305post-Waterloo, 75press censorhip, 147republicanism, 330, 331sources, 22and ultraroyalism, 53–55
Basses-Pyrénées, 254Bastard de l’Etang, Armand, 60, 96Bastide, Guillaume, 67Bastide, Jules, 211Bastide, Lambert, 308, 322Bastide-Gramont, Charles, 98, 99Bastille, 132Bastoulh, Raimond, 213, 278Baume, 184, 215Bayard, Chevalier, 151Baylen, 31Bayonne, 210Bazar Français, 141Bazard, Armand, 221Bazin, Rigomer, 339Beaucaire, 45Beaune, 162, 165, 173, 290, 328Beaupoil de Saint-Aulaire, Louis, 42Beausecours, 124Beauvais, 242Bechet, 167Belfort, 143, 147, 164, 168Belgium, 305–306, 316–317Bellegarde, Baron Guillaume de, 41, 98Bellune, Marshal Victor, Duke of, 137,
206Benfeld, 283Béranger, Pierre-Jean, 220, 269
Bérard, Auguste, 295Bérenger de la Drôme, Alphonse-Marie
1827 elections, 2391828 political attacks, 240book, 107business matters, 178education, 178exile, 79Hundred Days, 58, 66, 178philanthropy, 231radicalism, 62, 127revolt, 178and the Union, 80, 127
Berger, Abbé Jean-Joseph, 101, 256, 257Berlioz, Louis-Joseph, 126Bernadotte, Marshal Jean-Baptiste, 2Bernard de Rennes, Louis, 212, 289Bernard, Martin, 314, 331Bernis, René de, 44, 45Berriat-Saint-Prix, Jacques, 58, 66, 72, 78–80, 99,
178Berry, Duchess of, 257, 324Berry, Duke of, assassination, 28, 89, 131–134, 151,
174, 276Berryer, Pierre-Antoine, 324Berstein, Serge, 341, 343Bertier, Bénigne-Louis, 40Bertier, Colonel Anne-Pierre de, 63Bertier, Ferdinand de
clericalism, 200, 228and Counter-Revolution, 92leader of Chevaliers de la Foi, 40, 113, 190,
194–196palace intrigues, 243prefect of Calvados, 61prefect of Isère, 96press freedom, 202Quotidienne, 198royal favour, 194ultraroyalism, 14, 51
Bertier de Sauvigny, Guillaume de, 12, 14–15, 18Berton, General Jean-Baptiste, 143, 165, 168, 177Besançon
1827 elections, 184, 215July Revolution, 290, 291, 293–294lycée, 112press, 255press trial, 279
Beslay, Charles fils, 142, 170, 264Bidassoa River, 143, 169, 197Bignon, Baron Edouard, 118, 167, 210, 216, 247,
264Biolet, Jean-Baptiste, 78Bischwiller, 131, 234Blagnac, 66
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 363
Blanc, Hughes, 72, 127, 166, 269, 304Blanchet, Augustin, 72, 166, 178Blanqui, Auguste, 14, 211, 318, 330, 334Bluche, Frédéric, 12Boell, Jean, 70Boissy d’Anglas, François, 216Bolbec, 207Bonald, Viscount Louis de, 194, 195, 200, 228Bonaparte, Lucien, 69, 128Bonapartism
character, 175, 272–273historiography, 140July Revolution, 295and Liberal Opposition, 220–221, 229–230part of Liberal Opposition, 128popular Bonapartism, 122–124repression, 280
BordeauxHundred Days, 43July Revolution, 290, 291, 294Liberalism, 184, 206, 212newspapers, 145press, 255tax revolts, 265
Bordeaux, Duke of, 287Bouches-du-Rhône, 22, 44, 210. See also
MarseillesBoulogne, 277Boulogne (Haute-Garonne), 231Boulon, François, 129Bourbon dynasty, 2, 4Bourg d’Oisans, 100Bourg-en-Bresse, 265Bourges, 254, 265Bourgoin, 55, 65, 129Bourmont, General Louis-Auguste de, 243Bouthillier-Chavigny, Constantin de, 53–54, 58,
61, 95–96, 122Boyer-Fonfrède, François-Bernard, 73, 106, 117,
119–120, 171, 212, 255, 309Boyer-Fonfrède, Henri, 171Brack, Colonel Antoine, 169, 177Brackenhoffer, Jacques, 70, 110–112, 122, 161,
179–180Brest
anticlerical caricatures, 124anticlerical riots, 103, 149, 224, 226July Revolution, 291Liberal successes, 160Liberalism, 184and tax revolts, 265
Brioude, 216Britain, 138, 139, 208, 305, 324, 343Brittany. See also Finistère; Ille-et-Villaine
Chevaliers de la Liberté, 141, 142, 176
chouans, 31clericalism, 248Liberalism, 183tax revolt, 264
Broglie, Duke Victor de, 216, 271, 295Brumaire coup d’état, 7Brumath, 110Brun, Colonel André, 78Brune, Marshal Guillaume, 45Brunet, Louis, 78Bry, Jean de, 67, 69, 73Bulletin du département, 145Buonarroti, Philippe, 269, 318Burgundy, 19, 326, 328. See also Côte d’Or;
Saône-et-Loireburials, Christian burials, 100–101by-elections
1828–30, 240–241, 263–2641830–31, 308
Byron, Lord George, 196
Cabanon, Bernard, 159–163, 167Cabet, Etienne, 211, 289, 326, 328, 330Caen, 253, 262, 290cafés, 116, 133, 148Calès, Baron Jean, 70Calvados, 51, 59, 61, 253, 279. See also CaenCalvière, Jules de, 195, 245, 259Cambon, Alexandre de, 174, 182, 209, 218, 282,
283, 308Cambon, Marquis Auguste de, 218, 282, 283,
308–309, 315Camus du Martroy, Emmanuel, 246, 251, 261,
292–293Cantal, 164Capelle, Baron Guillaume, 244Capet, Hughes, 72Carbonari
agents, 169, 171Bas-Rhin, 22Grenoble, 148, 156, 177historiography, 14insurrections, 141–144Isère, 22leaders, 166organization, 320political mix, 175–177, 184subversion of troops, 169trials, 153, 197–198
caricatures, 76–77, 119, 124Carion, Vivant-Jean-Baptiste, 109, 120, 130, 162,
173, 253Carlists. See LegitimistsCarnot, Hippolyte, 221Carnot, Lazare, 99
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
364 Index
Caron affair, 168, 197Caron, Colonel Joseph-Augustin, 141, 143, 147,
165Carrel, Armand, 143, 278, 313, 319Casino, 49–51, 53, 56casinos, 148Cassaing, Joseph, 112, 218, 261–262, 294Castelbajac, Barthélemy de, 112–113, 163, 174Castex, General Pierre, 172, 173Catellan, Marquis Jean-Antoine de, 49Catholic Church. See also anticlericalism;
theocracyclaims, 40dı̂me, 31and Guizot Education Law, 299and Liberals, 27, 108, 225–229missionary movement, 101–103, 124–125nationalized lands, 188, 336power, 138Restoration governments, 300and revised Charter, 299seminaries, 242state church, 3and the Left, 300and ultraroyalism, 225–229zealotry, 105, 124
Cauchois-Lemaire, Louis, 237Caumartin, Jacques-Etienne, 109, 162, 165Cavaignac, Godefroy, 211, 221, 281, 318, 320, 327Cayla, Madame Zoë du, 136Cazeing-Lafont, Jean-Pierre, 282Cazes, Adolphe, 255Censeur, 120centralization of power, 3, 298–299Centre, nature, 23Centre-Right, 333. See also Agier defectioncercle Arribert, 114, 145, 148, 166cercle Constant, 148Chabrol de Crouzel, Count André-Jean
de, 241Chaléon, Jacques-Pierre de, 49, 65Chalon-sur-Saône, 247, 290, 294Chalret, Jean-François, 314, 336Chamber of Deputies, 2, 4, 8, 296Chamber of Peers, 2, 296–297Chambord, 151Chambre introuvable, 33, 36, 49Chambre retrouvée, 187–192, 200, 204Champollion, Jean-François
1827 campaign, 217exile, 80fédéré, 72Hundred Days, 66, 69, 72, 80, 178mutual schools, 99opposition meetings, 79
petitions, 166publications, 129revolt, 166salon, 114students, 178and the Union, 127
Chandieu, 166Chanrion, Joseph, 72, 166‘Chant de Waterloo’, 120Chaptive, Antoine, 66, 73, 112, 133, 157, 161Charente, 281charivaris, 125, 226, 227, 315, 321, 331, 336Charles X. See also Artois, Count of
1827 elections, 2361830 elections, 2851830 parliamentary address, 243–244, 250abdication, 287accession to the throne, 188caricatures, 231and Charter, 221, 278clericalism, 188coronation, 188end of Martignac ministry, 250and judiciary, 198and Polignac, 268powers to choose government, 244response to 1830 elections, 286–287support for Villèle, 241tour of Alsace, 275ultraroyalism, 193–194, 241, 243, 250
Charter1814, 11830 revision, 28, 294–295Acte additionnel, 33, 68–71, 85, 119, 340Catholic Church, 299and Charles X, 221, 278interpretation, 93legitimacy, 68and Liberals, 27public opinion, 8representative principle, 271violations, 129–130, 193, 243, 278
Chastelain, Alexandre, 169Châte, 65Chateaubriand, François-René de
1828 politics, 241Agier defection, 190, 196alliance with Villèle, 171ambassador, 241dismissal, 188Foreign Minister, 139Journal des débats, 198and July monarchy, 302Liberal support, 207–208political attacks, 33, 81
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 365
pomposity, 137press freedom, 211ultraroyalism, 36, 59, 60
Chaumareys, Hughes de, 117Chaumont, 253, 317Chauvelin, Bernard-François, Marquis de, 109,
153, 162, 165, 174, 216, 269Cher, 146, 164, 254Chevaliers de la Foi
demonstrations, 2dissolution, 202elections 1815, 50, 172insurrection, 92and localities, 15Midi, 40–41organization, 36post-1824, 173, 190, 194rise, 39Sarthe, 167secret society, 2
Chevaliers de la Liberté, 141–143, 176Choppin d’Arnouville, Augustin
1819 elections, 1271820 crisis, 130and education, 100and political dissent, 123, 126prefect of Isère, 96–97, 99, 104, 116replacement, 145
chouans, 31Cintegabelle, 52, 66class struggle, historiography, 13–14Clausel, General Bertrand, 43, 273Clausel, Madame, 52Clermont-Ferrand, 160Clermont-Tonnerre, Archbishop Anne-Antoine
de, 228, 242, 256–257Clermont-Tonnerre, Marquis Gaspard de, 137Code Napoleon, 3, 189Colmar, 168colonies, 30comité directeur, 110, 134commemoration, 17, 31commerce, and Strasbourg Liberals, 179–180commissaires, 339Comte, Charles, 120Concordat, 82, 201Condé, Prince of, 122Congregation, 256, 257Conservateur, 84, 113, 123conspiracy laws, 108conspiratorial politics, 15, 38Constant, Benjamin
1824 success, 1721830 elections, 283alliance with Counter-Opposition, 211
in Alsace, 216, 233–236, 273, 342death, 310defeat, 85, 165, 168denunciation of, 168despotism, 272election, 22, 108friends, 111funeral oration of General Foy, 207and Greece, 208and Guizot, 272harassment, 167and indemnity law, 336and judiciary, 197and left-wing divisions, 268, 269liberal thinker, 10–11liberal leadership, 86Napoleon’s return, 32non-violence, 142, 143, 186political position, 272, 280–281, 337political tours, 224political writings, 107, 115, 130, 153, 196post-revolution, 309–310radicalism, 28, 223return from England, 85Sarthe candidate, 111, 142and tax revolts, 265theory and practice, 271young followers, 133
ConstitutionnelBesançon correspondent, 112campaigns, 211and Charter revision, 295Opposition journal, 85, 120, 222post-revolution, 313, 317and press repression, 277and tax revolts, 264trial, 201
constitutionnels, 39, 106, 191Convention, 5convents, 188Corbière, Count Jacques-Joseph de, 135, 137, 164,
194, 236, 280Corbière, Edmond, 125, 149, 253Corcelles, Claude Tircuy de, 85, 94, 142, 165, 183,
217, 224, 337Cordoue, Marquis Louis-André de, 270,
280–282Cormenin, Louis-Marie, 318Correspondant électoral, 85Corrèze, 164corruption, 193, 239cosmopolitanism, 177Côte d’Or 22. See also Beaune; Dijon
1816 elections, 621822 elections, 165
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
366 Index
Côte d’Or (cont.)1824 elections, 173–1741834 elections, 328Chevaliers de la Foi, 2, 40historiography, 19mutual schools, 100prefect, 51radicals, 162republicanism, 326size of electorate, 297ultraroyalism, 183
Cotta, Baron Johann von, 147Cottu, Charles, 211, 213Couderc, Jean, 247Coulmann, Jean-Jacques
1831 elections, 315career, 110–111and Constant, 274memoirs, 20political position, 128post-Revolution, 310, 313, 320–321
Counter-Revolution, 24, 92Courier, 120Courrier de la Haute-Marne, 253Courrier de la Moselle, 254, 265Courrier des Pays-Bas, 147Courrier du Bas-Rhin
1831 elections, 315editors, 111, 131, 147July Revolution, 291moderation, 146mutual schools, 115post-Revolution, 313, 331prefectoral control, 132, 148and tax revolts, 265
Courrier Françaiscampaigns, 211and Charter revision, 295and Liberal Opposition, 222political position, 120post-Revolution, 313and press control, 198and tax revolts, 265trial, 198, 201, 277
cours prévôtales, 35Courtois, Isaac, 97Cousin, Victor, 221, 304Crémieux, 157, 232, 282Crépu, Alexandre-Marie, 72, 127, 166, 315, 329Creuse, 192, 254, 281Cugnet de Montarlot, Jean-François, 121, 163Cunin-Gridaine, Laurent, 263
Damas, Baron Maxence de, 188Dambray, Chancellor Charles-Henri, 55, 82
Dantigny, Pierre-François, 67Darnétal, 207Dauphiny, 243Dauphinois, 315Davillier, Madame, 85, 111Decaen, General Charles, 43, 45, 75Decazes, Duke Elie
1816 elections, 38, 39, 63–64control of judiciary, 197departure, 136Didier affair, 78and Lainé Law, 333liberal experiment, 81–105moderation, 24, 50, 56royal favour, 34, 37and ultraroyalism, 54–55, 58–59and White Terror, 38
Decazes, Count Joseph-Léonard, 98, 110–112,132
Declaration of the Rights of Man and theCitizen, 132
Delaborde, General, 43Delaitre, Jean-François, 63Delaroche, Michel, 163Delavigne, Casimir, 122Delpy, Louis-Maurice, 45demonstrations
Chevaliers de la Foi, 2mass demonstrations, 125Paris, 312in support of Poland, 321Toulouse, 321and Villèle, 224
Demougé, Simon-François, 53, 111, 147, 169departments, 21depressions, 215, 288Deputies, 3, 18, 21, 289. See also Chamber of
DeputiesDesaix, General Louis-Charles, 310The Deserter, 149despotism
1828–1830 decline, 240, 245–253ultra government, 144–159
Dessoles, General Jean-Joseph, 82, 88Deux-Sèvres, 254Didier revolt, 38, 56–58, 62, 78–79, 145Dieppe, 207, 264Dijon, 22
1820 crisis, 1301822 elections, 1651824 elections, 1731824 protests, 1921834 elections, 328despotism in, 153July Revolution, 290
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 367
Liberal Opposition, 119, 175Liberal organization, 109, 212Liberal successes, 160Liberals, 178, 224newspapers, 120, 253political repression, 173post-Revolution, 289preliminary polls, 263radicals, 162republicanism, 326and tax revolts, 265trial of fédérés, 38
dı̂me, 31, 211, 223Dinan, 170Directory, 7, 339–340divorce, 38doctrinaires, 28, 271Donnadieu, General Gabriel, 38, 56–58, 96, 97,
126pamphlet war, 145
Dordogne, 164Doubs. See also Besançon
1816 elections, 621819 elections, 1121827 elections, 184, 215–216clericalism, 248defection of judges, 210and forest codes, 307royalist divisions, 210
Drapeau blanc, 113, 115, 147, 198, 201droits réunis, 40, 66, 164, 294, 307Drôme, 71, 183, 228Du Boys, Gaspard, 50Dubois, Paul, 221Dubouchage, Gabriel, 50, 228Dubouchage, Humbert, 127Dubouchage, Viscount François-Joseph, 49–50,
82, 117Dubreton, General Jean-Louis, 54, 96, 122Duchesne, Hippolyte
1827 campaign, 2171830 elections, 282and Charter, 68–69Hundred Days, 69, 178mutual schools, 99petitions, 116, 166political positions, 72, 75, 106, 128support for Grégoire, 127and tax revolts, 265
Duffé, Jean-Joseph, 112, 294Dugied, Pierre, 142Duhamel brothers, 170Duhamel, Henry, 105, 118, 158, 167, 209Dumoulin, Jean, 64Dunoyer, Charles, 120, 142, 224
Dupin, André, 210, 216, 263, 278Dupin, Arnaud-Laurent, 255Dupin, Charles, 222Dupont de l’Eure, Jacques-Charles, 94, 118, 133,
216, 247, 266, 272, 282Dupont, Jacques, 92Dupont, Pierre-Antoine, 30Duport-Lavillette, Jean, father and son
business, 178Didier affair, 79and Grégoire, 126, 127, 129Hundred Days, 69, 72, 80, 178petitions, 116political positions, 128, 166salon, 114
Dupuy, Louis, 70Durand, Jean-Marie-Gabriel, 112, 115, 133, 157,
161, 164, 303, 308, 309Durif, Louis-Martin, 78Dussert, Pierre-Joseph, 78Duval, Jacques, 148Duvergier de Hauranne, Jean-Marie, 163, 265,
284Duvergier de Hauranne, Prosper, 144, 176, 177,
207, 221
Echo de l’Ouest, 145Echo des Alpes, 113, 114, 120, 130, 145–146Echo Provençal, 254economic depressions, 215, 288, 307economic hardship, 306–307education
Catholic Church, 138free education, 318Guizot Law, 299July Monarchy, 307–308Liberal Opposition, 178Martignac ministry, 242, 246mutual schools. See mutual schools
Elbeuf, 202–210, 247elections
1815, 33, 48–501816, 38, 59–641817, 851818, 105, 1251819, 881820, 1351821, 1361822, 153, 164–1651824, 139, 153, 172–1751827, 191–192, 204–219
annulments, 239consequences, 238–245
1830, 244–245, 250–253, 281–2851831, 314, 316
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
368 Index
elections (cont.)1834, 328–329by-elections 1828–30, 240–241, 263–264by-elections 1830–31, 308corruption, 193franchise. See electoral franchisegerrymandering, 156Lainé Law. See Lainé LawLiberal organization, 108–113Liberal support, 340preliminary polls, 263–264, 338, 342
electoral franchise1814 Charter, 81815, 371830 changes, 286July settlement, 297–298Lainé Law. See Lainé LawLaw of the Double Vote, 89–90, 141, 156, 160,
238, 298local government, 242–243, 248–249, 311patronage, 106procedure, 21, 103–105Seven-Year Law, 193voter registration, 153–154, 191, 203–204, 232,
240, 251–253, 258–260widening, 28
Emery, Appolinaire, 64émigrés, 31, 40, 187–188, 336Enfantin, Prosper, 221Enghien, Duke of, 31Enlightenment, 16, 344enragés, 312Epinal, 170, 214Escouloubre, Louis-Gaston d’, 41–42Esmangart de Feynes, Claude, 233, 235, 276, 280,
283, 291–292, 304Espinasse, Mathieu, 48Estates General, 7, 195, 338Etienne, Charles-Guillaume, 86, 110, 115, 211,
216, 248Eugène, Prince, 123Eure, 118–123, 216, 255, 264Eure-et-Loire, 164, 214exiles, pardon, 88, 91, 97
Fabvier, Colonel Charles, 117, 141, 143, 189Falcon, Guillaume, 72, 114, 127, 128, 166,
178Falquet de Planta, Colonel Bernard, 57Fargès-Méricourt, Philippe-Jacques, 132,
169Faure, Blaise, 74Faure, Félix, 66, 269, 280, 282, 309, 315Faure, Joseph, 62Fécamp, 124
fédérésagitation, 121Côte d’Or, 63movement, 71–74, 76and national sovereignty, 80numbers, 33post-Waterloo, 75prosecution, 38, 46, 51Rennes, 212in Toulouse, 43
Ferdinand VII, 138, 139, 205Ferrand, Count Antoine de, 31feudalism, 31, 95, 211, 223Feuille de Valençiennes, 254Feutrier, Jean-François, 242fiction, historical use, 18Fieschi, Guiseppe, 300, 327Finistère, 210. See also BrestFinot, Antoine, 250–253, 270, 280, 282, 291First Restoration, disenchantment with, 66Fitz-James, Duke Edouard de, 196, 322, 324Fizaine, Simone, 19, 173–174‘Flight of the Eagle’, 32, 33, 35, 39, 64–71Floriac, Jacques-Etienne de La Grange-Gourdon
de, 246Foix, 247foreign affairs, 257foreign intervention, 289–290, 293–294, 305,
324forest codes, 307Fouché, Joseph, 33, 35, 48Fouquet, Baron Jean-Antoine, 151–152Fourcassié, Jean, 180Fourier, Jean-Joseph, 66Fourtanier, Théodore, 303Foy, General Sébastien
1824 elections, 172Bonapartism, 177in Bordeaux, 206and Carbonari, 144and clericalism, 228death, 207, 218and election fraud, 193funeral, 224and government despotism, 153and Guizot, 272and Lafayette, 220political position, 143, 272radical icon, 164, 275view of army, 176
Français de Nantes, Antoine, 80, 126, 130, 282,339, 342
France Méridionale1830 elections, 282and Algiers expedition, 284
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 369
and Belgian intervention, 317foundation, 246historical source, 22, 255–258July Revolution, 292and July Settlement, 303–304and Legitimists, 323Liberal politics, 250–252, 255and Polignac ministry, 277post-Revolution, 310–311, 314, 321–322and post-Revolution foreign intervention, 306tax revolts, 266trial, 278–279
Francs-régénérés, 55fraud, 215, 259Frayssinous, Monseigneur Dennis-Luc de, 138,
188, 194, 201, 241, 242freedom of association, 108, 309, 311, 327freedom of expression, 3, 31, 83, 301freemasonry, 41, 142Friends of the People, 311–312, 320Froussard, Jean-Baptiste, 127, 217, 269, 304, 331,
337Fualdès affair, 84, 92, 98–99, 112, 197Fualdès, Antoine-Bernardin, 98
Gabet, Gabriel, 109, 119, 130, 162Gallicanism, 201, 227Gard, 45, 55, 92, 100, 251, 324. See also
Nı̂mesGarnier-Pagès, Etienne, 315, 318, 326, 327,
329Gary, Baron Alexandre-Gaspard de, 98, 112–113,
147, 161Gasc, Jean-François, 121, 255, 294, 303Gauthier, Colonel Camille, 62, 72Gauthier, Hector, 62Gazette de France, 198gendarmerie, 3General Will, 16Genevois, Pierre, 79Génie, Alphonse, 303Genoude, Abbé Antoine-Eugène de, 178Gérard, General Etienne, 208Géricault, Jean-Théodore, 117, 230Germany, 177gerrymandering, 156Gibbon, Edward, 199Girardin, Stanislas de
1824 protests, 192, 193Bonapartism, 273and government bonds, 231Hundred Days, 124moderation, 275mutual schools, 100political position, 143
and political violence, 163prefect of Côte d’Or, 100in Rouen, 167social class, 183
Gironde, 210. See also BordeauxGirondins, 76, 311Giroud, Pierre, 66, 72Globe, 221–223, 245, 278, 279Goblot, Jean-Jacques, 221Goncelin, 71Gouvion-Saint-Cyr, Marshal, 88government bonds, 187, 231, 234Goyet, Charles
and Constant, 272electoral organization, 19–20, 108–109, 119,
142harassment, 160legal resistance, 185–186‘National Subscription’, 160political beliefs, 120, 142, 223, 337political tradition, 339political writings, 146, 154, 167, 168radicalism, 224retirement, 185social class, 183
grain crises, 94, 97grain riots, 95grassroots
lack of knowledge of, 13–14, 20Liberal organization, 338, 340
Gravelotte, Jean-Guillaume, 169Greece, 189, 196, 206, 208–209, 219, 245Grégoire, abbé Henri
associates, 111election, 22, 91, 128, 224Isère deputy, 20parliamentary rejection, 129supporters, 123, 124, 126–127, 342
greniers d’abondance, 94, 95, 97Grenoble
1814 representatives, 691815 defence, 123, 1501816 revolt, 381819 elections, 126, 1281820 campaign, 1291825 Liberal activities, 2061827 campaign, 2121827 Liberal petition, 2321831 elections, 3151831 riots, 3191834 elections, 329Artois visit, 40Barthélemy proposal, 116Carbonari, 148, 156, 177Christian burials, 101
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
370 Index
Grenoble (cont.)Didier affair, 56–57, 78fédérés, 71–72Hundred Days, 65July Revolution, 290, 291, 293Liberalism, 224, 231Liberals, 175, 269mayors, 66, 96, 152, 239, 304municipal council, 329mutual school, 100National Guard, 320newspapers, 120, 145–146Opposition, 79petitions, 212post-Revolution, 304, 309post-Waterloo, 75poverty, 280revolt, 38, 166–167, 177troops in, 283ultraroyalism, 49–50voter registration, 258–259
Grésivaudan, 56Guilhem, Jean-Pierre, 125, 160, 224,
265Guillon, Edouard, 177Guillot, Louis-Joseph, 79Guizard, Louis, 211Guizot, François
1827 elections, 205and Aide-toi, 16and Charter revision, 295doctrinaire liberal, 82, 222, 271–272Education Law, 299electoral manoeuvres, 295, 330illiberalism, 11and judiciary, 197and July Revolution, 289liberal thinker, 10, 144, 301national support, 342post-Revolution, 303, 311presidency of Aide-toi, 211and press repression, 278
Haguenau, 169, 283Hargenvilliers, Count Joseph-Thimoléon d’, 52Haussez, Charles Le Mercher de Longpré,
Baron d’attacks on, 239control of banquets, 150–151control of elections, 152–155, 173ministry, 243prefect of the Isère, 145press control, 148spies, 166suppression of Grenoble revolt, 166
Haute-Garonne. See also Muret; Saint-Gaudens;Toulouse
1816 elections, 601819 elections, 112–1131820 crisis, 132–1331821 elections, 156–158, 163–1641824 elections, 1741827 elections, 2131830 by-elections, 308–3091830 elections, 250, 282–2831830 electorate, 2401831 elections, 314–315Acte additionnel, 70Barthélemy proposal, 116–117Decazes period, 97–99defection of judges, 210Hundred Days, 65–68July Revolution, 293–294local politics, 20mutual schools, 100, 246National Guard, 45newspapers, 115–116post-Revolution, 303–304, 321–322post-Waterloo, 75preoccupation with order, 161press censorship, 146–147repression, 55response to ultraroyalism, 51–53rumours, 120social groups, 180sources, 22theatre censorship, 149–150theocracy, 228ultraroyalism, 22, 180–182verdets, 45–47, 51, 97, 102voter occupations, 182and war with Spain, 171White Terror, 45–47
Haute-Loire, 164, 216, 281Hautes-Alpes, 71, 164Hautes-Pyrénées, 146Haute-Vienne, 216, 254Hautpoul, Marquis Pierre d’, 322Haut-Rhin, 172
1830 elections, 284Bonapartism, 220Caron affair, 168defection of judges, 210Liberalism, 183manufacturers’ network, 94, 170
Heitz, Charles, 147Hénault, Jean, 255, 278, 279Hérault, 45, 260Hernoux, Etienne, 109, 162, 165, 212, 326, 328Hersant-Destouches, Alexandre, 42
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 371
Hocquart, Baron Mathieu-Louis, 161, 163, 213,218, 251, 270, 304
House of Commons, 4Hugo, Victor, 229Humann, Georges
1821 elections, 1641824 elections, 162, 172, 1731827 liberal divisions, 234–2361830 elections, 2831831 elections, 315charivari, 336and Constant, 273death, 330and government bonds, 230local support, 342Minister of Finance, 321political position, 128, 161, 169, 177, 280–281and press laws, 210Strasbourg lobbyist, 117Strasbourg merchant, 95surveillance of, 147, 169wealth, 179–180
Hundred Daysalliances, 273and Allied powers, 39and Liberals, 28, 64–74model, 176political promises, 340politics, 32–33, 76reprisals, 35Toulouse, 43
Hyde de Neuville, Baron Jean-Guillaume, 211,241
iconoclasm, 77–78Ille-et-Vilaine, 22, 100, 135, 210, 261. See also
RennesImpartial, 279indemnity law, 187–188, 336Indicateur, 145, 255, 265Inquisition, 199, 260–262Isère. See also Grenoble; La Tour-du-Pin; Vienne
1815 elections, 49–501816 elections, 61–621819 elections, 125–1281820 crisis, 129–1301820 elections, 1541824 elections, 1731824 Liberal behaviour, 2311825 Liberal activities, 2061827 campaign, 212, 2171827 Liberals, 233, 2391830 elections, 250–253, 282–2831830 electorate, 2401831 elections, 315
1834 elections, 329Acte additionnel, 68–69Barthélemy proposal, 116Bonapartist support, 64–65Chevaliers de la Foi, 40construction projects, 280Decazes period, 96–97fédérés, 71–73Grégoire election, 20, 224Hundred Days, 66–67Lafayette tour, 269–270Liberal newspapers, 113–114Liberal Opposition, 79Liberal resistance, 166, 178Liberal territory, 22mutual schools, 99–100political dissent, 123post-1824, 195post-Revolution, 304, 309post-Waterloo Liberals, 75prefect, 51prefectoral control of elections, 152–153press censorship, 145–146, 148repression, 55–58sources, 22and tax revolts, 265theatre censorship, 150–151ultras, 40, 55, 183voter registration, 104, 258–259
Italy, 136, 140, 160, 177, 305, 319revolt against Austria, 319
Jacobinsbogey of Jacobinism, 263former Jacobins, 118Hundred Days, 76masonic conspiracy, 41neo-Jacobins, 339tradition, 18–21, 140, 222
Jars, Antoine, 247Jesuits
conspiracy, 190, 334Jesuitism, 200–202, 231numbers, 199seminaries, 242, 256
La Jeune France, 278Joigny, 266Jollivet, Thomas, 212Jordan, Camille, 108, 275Joubert, Nicholas, 142, 211Journal de Commerce, 202, 254, 277, 279, 313Journal de Grenoble, 66, 130, 145, 195Journal de la Meurthe, 146Journal de L’Aube, 253Journal de Paris, 198, 278
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
372 Index
Journal de Rouen, 148–149, 249, 255, 265, 266,279, 284, 290
Journal de Toulouse, 43, 115, 146–147, 252, 255,256, 282, 292
Journal des débats, 196, 198, 201, 210, 211, 295,317
Journal du Bas-Rhin, 148Journal du Calvados, 253Journal du Cher, 145, 254Journal du Havre, 253, 266Journal du Loiret, 253Journal libre de l’Isère, 113, 127, 130, 146Jouy, Etienne de, 110, 111, 150judicial system, 3judiciary
defection from ministerial party, 197–199, 210July settlement, 295–296, 304role in 1827 elections, 213–214role in 1830 elections, 251–253
Juigné, Antoine Leclerc de, 209, 213, 231, 261Jullien, Marc-Antoine, 106July Monarchy
and Catholic Church, 300centralized government, 298–299changes, 9–10constitutional monarchy, 295–297continuity, 9economic hardship, 306–307education, 299, 307–308electoral franchise, 297–298fear of foreign intervention, 305judiciary, 295–296and Liberals
achievements, 294–301cracks, 308lost opportunities, 316–324sources of division, 301–308
parliament, 295–297press freedom, 300–301separation of powers, 295
July Revolutionevents, 287factors, 286historiography, 286lack of foreign intervention, 289–290,
293–294lack of resistance, 291and Liberal Opposition, 287national resistance, 288–294Paris, 288–289peaceful revolution, 9, 294provinces, 290–294and public opinion, 334trois glorieuses, 288
Junot, Laure, Duchess of Abrantès, 54
Jura, 248jury lists, 191, 203–204, 232justices of the peace, 153Kent, Sherman, 19, 203, 263Kentzinger, Antoine de, 53, 123, 164, 292Kergariou, Joseph de, 51, 65Kern, Claude-Henri, 61Kersaint, Guy-Pierre de, 51, 128King’s Guard, 286Kléber, General Jean-Baptiste, 122–123, 310Kob, Louis, 293Koechlin, Jacques, 143, 147–148, 172Kroen, Sheryl, 17, 19
La Bourdonnaye, Count François deelectoral corruption, 193extremism, 190and judiciary, 198ministry, 243and Pointe, 196, 239and political executions, 277popular derision, 230press freedom, 202resignation, 243
La Côte, 126La Ferronays, Count Pierre-Louis de, 245La Mure, 65, 79, 129La Palud, 32La Rochefoucauld, Viscount Sosthènes de, 136,
193, 198–199La Rochelle, 100, 143, 153, 164, 165, 172, 328La Sône, 65La Tour-du-Pin, 69, 126, 156, 157, 212, 282Labbey de Pompières, Guillaume, 268Lafayette, General Marie-Joseph-Paul,
Marquis de1827 campaign, 2161831 elections, 315–316as general, 229Carbonari, 142, 176election, 123flight, 143and Guizot, 272July Revolution, 295and Orleans, 237petitions, 116political position, 272political tours, 224, 243, 269–270political violence, 20, 91, 142, 143, 185political writings, 115republicanism, 85, 273resignation, 317and right of association, 327in Sarthe, 108, 142, 167in Seine-et-Marne, 110, 210
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 373
social class, 183, 337support, 133, 206US tour, 220view of army, 176
Lafayette, Georges, 216, 220Laffitte, Jacques
1817 elections, 851820 elections, 1561830 elections, 2821834 elections, 328alliance with Counter-Opposition, 211cabinet, 302compte rendu, 320government, 305, 312, 317and Lafayette, 220political position, 86and right of association, 327supporters, 163, 217victory at Bayonne, 210
Laffitte, Martin, 266Lainé, Count Joachim, 55, 82, 129Lainé Law, 88, 103, 119, 128–134, 224, 333Laisné de Villevêque, Gabriel, 210Lallemand, Nicholas, 134Lamarque, General François, 160, 229, 273,
319–320, 323Lambrechts, Count Charles-Joseph, 110–112, 124,
131Lameth, Alexandre de, 162, 167Lammenais, Félicité de, 100, 195, 200, 227, 228land tax, 135, 154Lanjuinais, Jean-Denis, 228Lapenne, Jean-Baptiste, 303Las Cases, Emmanuel de, 149, 208Lassus de Camon, Baron Marc-Bertrand, 157Latour-Maubourg, General Victor de, 88Laurent, Jean-Augustin fils, 171Lavalette, Count Antoine-Marie de, 37Laybach Congress, 136Le Havre, 125, 207, 209, 230, 266, 280, 284, 290,
291Le Mans, 109, 184, 339Ledru des Essarts, General François, 150, 152Legitimists, 297, 302, 313, 314, 322–324Leroux, Pierre, 221Les Andelys, 264Leseigneur, Abraham-Thomas, 163, 167Leuilliot, Paul, 19Levasseur, Auguste, 220Lévêque, Pierre, 19Levrault, François, 61, 128, 161, 169liberal professions, 182Liberals
1816–20, 1181820–4, 175–185
1821 political alliance, 136–1371824 defeat, 144, 172–1751824–7, 219–2231827 recovery, 205–2191827 results, 238–2451828–1830, 253–276banquets, 262–263beliefs, 106changes, 12–13, 219–220characteristics, 25–28, 118, 175–185,
219–223and commerce, 179–180cosmopolitanism, 177defence against despotism, 27divisions, 128, 177, 301–308, 341and doctrinaires, 271education, 178financial matters, 178groups, 28–29historiography, 10–14Hundred Days, 64–74, 178ideological ambiguity, 10ideologues, 10illiberalism, 11July Monarchy
achievements, 294–301cracks, 308lost opportunities, 316–324sources of division, 301–308, 341
July Revolution, 287leadership, 86legality and illegality, 165–175and ‘liberal experiment’, 105–118liberal professions, 182links to Carbonari, 14march to 1830 Revolution, 276–285Marxist interpretation, 179meaning, 26methods, 117–118middle-class struggle, 179–184and monarchy, 10national organization, 21–22newspapers, 113–117, 120organization, 108–113, 338, 340and party formation, 335–344patriotism, 27, 184political coalition
July Monarchy, 302, 308moderates and radicals, 337–338post-Revolution cracks, 308post-Revolution divisions, 308Restoration governments, 184–185, 271–276
political culture, 223–230post-1824 attitudes, 185–186post-1824 recovery, 187, 190–191
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
374 Index
Liberals (cont.)post-Waterloo, 75–80principles, 106–108and privilege, 183reaction to Lainé Law, 128–134return to legalism, 230–237revolt, 140–144, 159–165revolutionary tradition, 272social classes, 178strategy, 344urban centres, 184wealth, 178–179younger generation, 222–223
Libourne, 99Liechtenberger, Louis
Association of the Defence of Patriotic Press,325
defence lawyer, 132, 147, 169illegality, 177July Revolution, 293post-Revolution, 304, 310, 320republicanism, 330, 331
Lienhardt, Jacques, 110–111Lignières, Bernard, 70, 161Lille, 290, 291Limairac, Charles-Antoine de, 41, 45, 48, 49, 60,
163, 164, 322Limoges, 214, 291Lisieux, 272local government, 242–243, 248–249, 261–262,
266, 298, 311Loire, 247–248Lombard, Claude, 62, 80Losne-Rochelle, René, 142Lot, 239, 270Loubert, Louis, 70Louis, Baron Joseph-Dominique, 82, 88,
156Louis XVI, 7, 31, 323Louis XVIII
caricatures, 77death, 188detachment from politics, 136electoral addresses, 250first year, 34–35flight, 32gluttony, 132grant of Charter, 1, 4–5, 93and missionary movement, 101–102Restoration, 2and Richelieu government, 244Second Restoration, 33and Spain, 139and ultraroyalism, 54and White Terror, 38
Louis-Philippe I, 287, 295, 300, 327, 330, 331. Seealso July Monarchy and Duke of Orleans
Louvel, Louis-Pierre, 134Loveday affair, 228Lyons
1817 conspiracy, 84, 871822 elections, 1651827 campaign, 2171827 elections, 2141831 riots, 3191834 insurrections, 326Bonapartism, 230Fabvier affair, 117July Revolution, 290, 291Liberal organization, 108, 109Liberalism, 184, 224Manuel affair, 170mayor, 329National Guard, 320prefectoral control, 247press, 254republicanism, 326–327revolt of the canuts, 321, 326
Lyons, Martyn, 17
MacCarthy, Abbé Nicholas, 41, 49, 113, 257MacCarthy, Count Robert de, 41Macon, 247Madier de Montjau, Joseph, 92, 200, 202, 216Magnier-Granprez, Jean-Charles, 61, 128, 161,
179Maine, 142Malafosse, Jacques, 182Malaret, Baron Joseph-François
1819 elections, 1121827 elections, 2181830 elections, 282, 2831831 elections, 315attacks on, 133Deputy, 70and Greece, 209mayor of Toulouse, 42, 46–47, 68post-Revolution, 308post-Revolution by-election, 309social group, 182speeches, 115
Malouet, Louis-Antoine, 81Mamers, 160, 184, 210Manuel, Jacques-Antoine
aggressiveness, 133, 165Bonapartist, 91expulsion from Chamber of Deputies, 139,
141–145, 149, 170–172, 230funeral, 224, 236political position, 143, 272
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 375
radical icon, 275Strasbourg election, 123and the Union, 142and theocracy, 199
Marchagny, Louis-Antoine de, 172Marchais, André, 260, 267Marchand, Charles-Philippe
associations, 169editor, 130–132insurrection, 169, 177petitions, 234post-Revolution, 304, 313, 320publications, 161trial, 224
Marie-Antoinette, Queen, 31Marie-Louise, Empress, 95, 121, 124Marmont, Marshal Auguste de, 287Marrast, Armand, 278, 327Marschal, Anselme, 69, 111, 169‘Marseillaise’, 73, 131, 143, 164, 323Marseilles, 28, 45, 145, 154, 184, 254,
265Martignac, Viscount Jean-Baptiste
government, 24, 238–239, 241–243,245–250
and Liberal Oppostion, 267, 276and local government, 262political attacks, 263strategy, 24, 253and voter registration, 260
Martin, Adolphe, 171, 256, 331Martin, Louis, 264Martin-Bergnac, Pierre-Donat, 52Martinez, François, 70martyrs, 31masonic societies, 207, 208Mathieu-Faviers, Philippe-Gaêtan, 69, 283,
315Mattaflorida, Marquis de, 171Maughin, François, 215, 216, 289, 318, 326,
328Mayenne, 183, 210mayors, 3, 42, 54, 153Meaux, 210, 315Méchin, Baron Alexandre de, 211, 273Medusa, 117Meffray, Achille de, 79, 282Mellon, Stanley, 13, 229Mémorial, 255Mémorial de la Scarpe, 254Memorial of Saint-Helena, 149Mende, 49Mercier, National Guardsman, 149, 170Mercure, 120Mérilhou, Joseph, 142, 198, 220
Messager, 292Metternich, Count Klemens von, 136, 138, 139,
177, 319Metz, 83, 254, 277, 290, 319Metz, François-Ignace, 61, 70, 179Meurthe, 51, 210Meuse, 230Michoud, Jean, 72, 116, 217, 232, 258middle classes, 179–184Midi. See also individual departments
Chevaliers de la Foi, 40–41clericalism, 248fédérés, 73–74Legitimist insurgency, 323republicanism, 325ultraroyalism, 39, 41–47White Terror, 35
Miègeville, Jean-Antoine, 47Mignet, François, 10, 211, 278Minerve Française, 115, 120, 229ministériel party, 194miquelets, 45missionary movement, 101–103, 124–125Missolonghi, 208Moirans, 65Molé, Count Matthieu de, 63, 82, 305Molière, 124, 226–227Moniteur Universel, 43, 260Monroe doctrine, 220Montagnards, 76, 311Montastruc, 66Montauban, 284Montbel, Count Guillaume-Isidore, 41, 42, 239,
241, 257Mont-Blanc, 71Montcalm, Hippolyte de, 45Montesquiou, Abbé François-Xavier de, 30,
66Mont-Fleury, 337Montlivault, Casimir de
elections, 61, 62, 172pamphlet war, 126, 145prefect of Isère, 51, 55, 56repression, 56, 58and ultras, 55
Montloisier, Count François de, 201–202Montmorency, Mathieu de
clericalism, 200founder of Chevaliers de la Foi, 36, 41,
194–196ministry, 137‘pure’ ultra, 41, 113, 137Spanish policy, 139
Montpellier, 41, 45Montrejean, 116, 157
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
376 Index
Mont-Valérian, 101Montvilliers, 124Morbihan, 164Morier de Mourvilles, Robert, 270Moselle, 210, 254, 260, 265. See also MetzMoulins, 262Mouvement, 313Movement Party
and civil disorder, 318–319failure, 320–322links to republicanism, 316post-Revolution group, 302, 311and republicanism, 326and Revolutionary tradition, 334Strasbourg, 310
Moyne-Petiot, Jean-Pierre, 247Munster, 284Muret
1821 elections, 1641824 elections, 1741830 elections, 251, 282, 2831831 elections, 314Acte additionnel, 70control of elections, 157election procedure, 156–157July Revolution, 294post-Revolution, 303, 308, 309social groups, 181sub-prefect, 42, 258White Terror, 52
mutual schools, 99–100, 103, 115, 246, 299,308
Nacelle, 149Nancy, 38, 146, 175, 294, 317Nantes, 145, 146, 290–291, 294Naples, 136Napoleon I. See also Bonapartism
caricatures, 77Code Napoleon, 3destruction of political liberty, 8escape from Elba, 31–32Hundred Days. See Hundred Dayslegacies, 273and Liberals, 229–230memories of, 220miniature statues, 95‘Napoleon in Egypt’, 257order, 5and Papacy, 41parliaments, 6post-1815 image, 177, 223preservation of codes, 3Saint Napoleon, 230state apparatus, 339
Napoleon II, 79, 95, 133, 280. See also Duke ofReichstadt
Nassau dynasty, 306National
and Algiers expedition, 284and Charter revision, 295leadership, 277Opposition paper, 278post-Revolution, 313, 317trial, 245, 279
National Associations, 313National Guard
1848, 331Bas-Rhin, 95Besançon, 293control, 105death of General Foy, 207Dijon, 326election of officers, 298, 318Grenoble, 304July Monarchy, 307July Revolution, 289Paris, 189, 287post-Revolution, 317, 320Rouen, 105Strasbourg, 292–293, 310, 329Toulouse, 75, 292, 321ultraroyalist control, 44, 58–59use of, 63
national sovereigntyaccession of Louis-Philippe, 287concept, 64, 93fédérés, 80Liberal principle, 27–28, 74, 224,
295‘National Subscription’, 160nationalized lands, 40, 66, 68, 101, 183, 188, 211,
223, 335Nau de Champlouis, Claude, 304Navarino battle, 189Necker, Jacques, 195Neely, Sylvia, 19nepotism, 18Neufchâtel, 94, 148Neustrien, 214, 249, 255Newman, Edgar, 12, 17, 273newspapers. See pressNey, Marshal Michel, 35, 64, 125Nı̂mes, 45, 92, 294Niort, 215, 265Nord, 100, 210, 254, 260, 265Normandy, 170, 216, 248, 266, 280. See also
Calvados; Eure; Seine-Inférieurenote secrète, 86Nouveau Phocéen, 255, 265
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 377
Le nouvel homme gris, 121
Observateur allemand, 147Oise, 254Omnibus, 255ordinances of July, 173, 286–288,
291Orleans, 210, 253Orleans, Duke of, 2, 123, 237, 287. See also
Louis-PhilippeOttoman Empire 189–190, 245Ouvrard, Gabriel, 206Ovide-Lallemand, Claude, 72, 75,
166
Pagès de l’Ariège, Jean-Pierre1848, 331charivari, 336exile, 107political writings, 167, 185, 211,
220press mentor, 256radicalism, 223republicanism, 327
Pajol, General Claude-Pierre, 112Pamphile de Lacroix, Lieutenant-General
Joseph, 166Pandore, 254Pantheon, 138Paris
1827 riots, 2371831 riots, 3191834 insurrections, 326anticlerical riots, 312by-elections, 263elections 1827, 214insurrections, 166July Revolution, 288–289Liberalism, 184National Guard, 189post-Revolution, 312–313prefects, 212press trials, 277republicans, 323
parliament1830 dissolution, 286bicameral, 2Deputies. See Chamber of Deputiesexecutive control, 103–105July settlement, 295–297meaning of representation,
342–343peers. See Chamber of Peerspowers, 244system, 4–6
Parthenay, 215parties
absence, 105–106birth, 340–341connotations, 16–17July Monarchy, 302and Liberal Opposition, 335–344terminology, 26–29
Pas-de-Calais, 81, 184, 254Pasquier, Baron Etienne-Denis, 82, 88, 92, 94,
98, 246Pasquier, Jules, 51Patriote Alsacien, 130–132, 145, 169Patriote de’ 89, 229Patriote de Juillet, 322patriotism, 17–18, 27, 117, 120, 184, 228patronage, 106Pau, 98Pavillon de Marsan, 31peers, 2, 8, 296–297. See also Chamber of PeersPelet, General Jacques, 112, 161, 314Penet, Félix, 72, 80, 291, 304, 315–316Perier, Alphonse, 66, 329Perier, Augustin
1820 elections, 1661827 campaign, 217–2181827 election, 232–2331831 elections, 315business matters, 178Didier affair, 62Hundred Days, 69and Lafayette tour, 270Liberal spokesman, 259moderation, 126, 269, 337mutual schools, 100philanthropy, 231political attacks, 239post-Revolution, 309social class, 337
Perier, Casimir1824 elections, 172alliance with Counter-Opposition, 211and Carbonari, 144Centre-Left, 268election, 258electoral manoeuvres, 295and government bonds, 231in Isère, 206ministry, 307, 312–313, 317, 324, 329, 332political position, 143, 272, 337press freedom, 215in Rouen, 163social class, 337and Spanish war, 206and tax revolts, 265, 266
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
378 Index
Perier clan, 72, 80, 99, 178Pérignon, Marshal Dominique de, 45, 46Périgueux, 145Permon, Albert de, 54, 59, 96Perpignan, 320Perreux, Baron Georges, 173Perrin, Romain-Yves
Hundred Days, 69, 78, 80, 128, 178petitions, 166radicalism, 72revolt leader, 166Union member, 127, 128
petitions, 92–94, 129–130, 154, 155,338
Petou, Georges-Paul, 209, 210Peyronnet, Count Charles-Ignace de
despotism, 244ministry, 137, 153, 194press law, 189, 191, 202–203, 205, 209, 215,
233Phocéen, 28, 145Picardy, 254Pichegru, General Charles, 53, 294Picot de Lapeyrousse, Baron Philippe de, 68, 70,
115, 182Picot de Lapeyrousse, Zéphirin, 294, 303Piedmont, 136Piet, Jean-Pierre, 36, 84Pilbeam, Pamela, 12, 13, 19, 179, 184Pilote, 253–254, 279Pina, Marquis Calixte de, 96, 116, 239Planelli de Lavalette, Charles-Laurent, 50, 62,
99, 126, 309, 329plebiscites, 33Podenas, Baron Joseph, 213Pointe, 190, 195–196, 218, 236Poland, 305, 306, 319, 321, 325police commissioners, 3Polignac, Jules de
1830 elections, 253and Casino, 49and Centre-Right, 333and Charter, 278and Chevaliers de la Foi, 41, 194–196clericalism, 200government, 238, 243–245, 250royal favour, 44, 194in Toulouse, 42trial of Polignac ministers, 312, 317ultraroyalist, 60, 137
political violenceavoidance, 125Didier revolt. See Didier revoltLegitimists, 313Liberal strands, 337, 344
post-Revolution, 312, 317–320, 330–331public reaction, 334
Pommereul, Baron François de, 67Pontcharra, 57poor relief, 95, 97, 129Popp, Georges, 70Portugal, 140, 324Pouthas, Charles, 16, 265, 338Pradt, abbé Dominique de, 269Précurseur, 254prefects
1827 elections, 237control of elections, 48, 81, 104–105, 157, 240,
245control of voters lists, 203forerunners, 339political control, 246–248, 285powers, 3, 51, 56, 197repression, 55
preliminary polls, 263–264, 338, 342press
1820 repression, 1321824 repression, 145–149, 1891828 press laws, 242Association of the Defence of Patriotic Press,
325, 327censorship commission, 131censorship, 31, 135, 137–138, 145–149, 189,
286expansion, 253–258July Monarchy, 300–301and July Revolution, 289, 290Liberal press, 113–117, 120, 248ministerial control, 198–199, 334Peyronnet Law, 189, 191, 202–203, 205, 209,
215, 233post-Revolution Paris, 313resistance to 1830 ordinances, 288Society of Friends of the Free Press, 191trials, 277–280, 300, 325
primogeniture, 189, 202, 209print workers, 115–116, 288Privas, 216Projet, Etienne, 74Propagateur de la Sarthe, 145, 146, 255property rights, 3Protestant Consistory, 40Proudhon, Jean-Baptiste, 112, 162provinces
administration, 3political life, 18–21voters, 12
Prunelle, Félix, 166, 329Prussia, 136public opinion surveys, 164–165
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 379
Pujol, Charles de, 49purges, 30, 35, 42, 44, 54, 77–78, 137Puymaurin, Baron Jean-Pierre Marcassus de, 49,
60, 157–158, 163, 164, 239Pyrénées-Orientales, 165
Quadruple Alliance, 324Quibéron, 151Quibéron Bay disaster, 117Quimper, 124Quotidienne, 147, 198, 210
Rabbe, Alphonse, 28radicalism
Liberal strand, 337–338meaning, 28–29post-Revolution, 318–319
Raft of the Medusa, 117Ramel affair, 46–48, 51, 92, 98, 117Rapp, General Jean, 67, 73, 75Raspail, François-Vincent, 319,
327Rauzan, père Jean-Baptiste, 199reading rooms, 114, 148Réal, André, 72, 178Réal, Félix
1831 elections, 315business interests, 178education, 178Grégoire supporter, 127, 129Hundred Days, 72, 80, 178philanthropy, 231post-Revolution, 304, 329post-Revolution by-election, 309and the Union, 127voter registration, 166
Red Terror, 7regicides, 33, 35, 91, 127Regnaud de Bellescize, Jean-Laurent de, 62Reibel, Claude-François, 61, 70, 128, 179Reichstadt, Duke of, 280. See also Napoleon IIreligious conflicts, 67religious freedom, 3Rémusat, Auguste-Laurent de
exile of liberals, 107prefect of Haute-Garonne, 46–48, 59–60repression of rumours, 121second Restoration, 46and ultras, 51–53and White Terror, 97
Rémusat, Charles de1824 elections, 1721827 elections, 2051831 elections, 314, 315and Globe, 221
and July Revolution, 288Aide-toi membership, 211, 221memoirs, 1, 20, 90post-Revolution by-election, 308–309
Renauldon, Charles, 58, 66, 69, 72, 78–80,178
Renauldon, Charles, fils, 128, 166, 178, 304Rennes, 22, 142, 143, 160, 212, 224, 253–254,
265Renouard de Buissière, Athanase-Paul, 95, 147,
161, 164, 173reparations, 33representative principle, 106–107, 271, 342–343republicanism
1830, 2951830–1848, 324–332association with Legitimists, 324character, 273and electoral franchise, 28Isère, 127July Monarchy, 302Paris press, 313post-Revolution, 316, 318–319proto-republicans, 221, 236Strasbourg, 175
Resistance Party, 302Ressegeat, Paul, 121Restoration
generally, 1–6Second Restoration, 33state apparatus, 343
revoltsachievements, 159–165and failure of Liberal Opposition, 177Grenoble, 38, 166–167, 177Liberal Opposition, 140–144military, 176–177tax revolts, 40, 264–266
Révolution, 313revolutionary tradition
1820s revolts, 140–144heritage, 6–9, 140–144historiography, 14–21Liberals, 272nature, 6–9preservation of reforms, 3and repression, 335strands, 333–334
Revue mensuelle du département du Cher, 254,265
Rey, JosephDidier affair, 78exile, 141, 269Grégoire supporter, 129Hundred Days, 67, 68, 178
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
380 Index
Rey, Joseph (cont.)post-Revolution, 304representative principle, 106republicanism, 127, 273the Union, 80, 127, 141
Reynaud, Dr, 129, 145Rhône, 210, 217, 243. See also LyonsRichelieu, Duke Armand-Emmanuel de,
ministry, 34, 39, 50, 82, 89, 99, 244, 333second ministry, 135–140and Villèle, 161
Rigaud, Léopold de, 41, 45, 47Right, divisions, 24riots
1834 insurrections, 326anticlerical, 312, 317Belfort, 164Brest, 149Friends of the People, 312grain riots, 95Lamarque’s funeral, 319–320, 323Polish support, 319public reaction, 334revolt of the canuts, 321, 326Saumur, 164tax riots, 66Toulouse, 66, 321
Rives, 129Rivier, Vincent, 72, 291, 304Rivière de Riffardeau, Charles de, 44, 45La Robertsau, 111Robespierre, 318Rodez, 67, 98Rogniat, Jean-Baptiste de, 126Rolland, Théodore, 303, 308, 314–315Romanticism, 229Romiguières, Dominique, 65, 68, 75, 98–99, 197,
213, 218Romiguières, Jean-Antoine, 68, 70, 73, 133, 150Rosanvallon, Pierre, 140, 301Roucoule, Pierre, 112, 133Rouen
1823 elections, 1581827 campaign, 2161827 elections, 2141828 by-election, 2641834 elections, 328banquets, 118, 247and Barthélemy proposal, 123clerical zealotry, 225–226death of General Foy, 207decline of radicalism, 163July Revolution, 290–291Liberal organization, 125, 212Liberal successes, 160, 210
Liberalism, 184, 224and local government reform, 249Manuel affair, 170National Guard, 105press, 255press trials, 277primogeniture issue, 209republicanism, 326tax revolts, 265, 266theatre, 149
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 16Roussy de Sales, Léonard, 215Roy, Count Antoine, 88royal sovereignty, 5–6royalists
Counter-Opposition, 192, 193divisions, 24, 190ultras. See ultraroyalists
Royer-Collard, Pierre-Paul, 81–82, 193, 236, 271Royer-Deloche, Louis, 79, 96, 152Rudler, François-Joseph, 161, 169, 283Russia, 136, 208, 306, 319
Sacrilege Law, 188, 197Saglio brothers, 128Saglio, Florent, 111, 112, 161, 169, 173, 177Saglio, Michel, 235, 236, 273–276, 281, 283, 310,
321, 329, 336Saint-Béat, 116Saint-Chamans, Baron Auguste-Louis de,
209–210Saint-Chamans, Louis-Marie de, 97, 121,
132–133, 146, 156, 161, 163–164Saint-Cloud, 286Saint-Cricq, Count Pierre-Laurent de, 241Saint-Cyprien, 293Saint-Cyr Law, 83, 176Saint-Etienne, 247, 293, 321Saint-Félix de Maurémont, Armand-Joseph, 163,
239, 245, 270Saint-Gaudens
1819 elections, 112, 1151831 elections, 314elections, 173, 174gerrymandering, 156–157Hundred Days, 43, 70July Revolution, 294liberal cafés, 116post-Revolution, 303, 308prefectoral control of elections, 157reading rooms, 115seminary, 256social groups, 181Spanish refugees, 171tax riots, 66
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 381
Saint-Geoire, 129Saint-Lys, 66Saint-Marcellin, 129, 157, 212, 217, 232,
315Saint-Martory, 116Saint-Ouen, 42, 207Saint-Pons, 263Saint-Symphorien, 62Saint-Valéry, 163Saint-Vivien, 207Salies, 52salons, 84–85, 114Saltzmann, Frédéric-Rodolphe, 111, 115, 131,
132Salvandy, Count Achille de, 211Sans, François, 294, 314–315sans-culottes, 342Saône-et-Loire, 216, 326, 328Sapey, Charles
1819 elections, 1261827 campaign, 217business matters, 178Didier affair, 79electoral college, 157Hundred Days, 69, 80, 178petitions, 130political position, 126, 128
Sarthe, 19, 51, 108, 142, 146, 160, 167, 183Satolas, 62Saumur, 143, 164, 177Sauquaire-Souligné, Martial, 160, 168Saverne, 53, 70, 75, 172, 173, 283Savés, Louis, 74, 121Savoy, 56Savoye-Rollin, Jacques-Fortunat, 62, 66, 72, 116,
126Savy-Gardeilh, fils, Hippolyte, 98Savy-Gardeilh, Jean-François de, 45–47, 51, 52,
66, 112Schertz, Louis
1827 elections, 236and Constant, 274and Greece, 208political position, 128political violence, 321post-Revolution, 314, 320prefectoral repression, 172, 185Strasbourg merchant, 95
Schneegans, Valentin, 313, 321, 330schools. See education; mutual schollsSchulmeister, Charles, 111, 128, 169Schützenberger, Georges-Frédéric, 291, 293, 309,
320, 330Schweighauser, Jean-Michel, 293, 309–310Sébastiani, Count Horace, 217, 268
secret societies. See also Chevaliers de la Foiban, 55, 63Congregation, 256Jesuits, 200the Union, 78, 80, 127–128, 141, 142
Séguier, Antoine-Mathieu, 196, 198Séguier de Saint-Brisson, Nicholas, 162, 165Seine, 165Seine-et-Marne, 110, 281Seine-et-Oise, 245Seine-Inférieure. See also Le Havre; Rouen
1815 elections, 481824 elections, 1721828 by-elections, 2641830 elections, 252banquets, 247Chevaliers de la Foi, 40control of elections, 158–159death of General Foy, 207decline of radicalism, 162–163deputies, 118industrial unrest, 326Liberals, 23, 239and Movement, 326political control, 167–168pre-1830, 281prefect, 51press, 148–149, 253public political opposition, 123–124
Sélestat, 53, 95, 169, 173, 180, 315, 321self-presentation, state, 17seminaries, 242, 256, 294Sémiphore, 255Semur, 165, 173Senate, 2Senegal, 117Sengez, Dr Etienne, 70Sentinelle des Deux-Sèvres, 265Sentinelle picarde, 254separation of powers, 295serenades, 163, 336, 338Serre, Count Hercule de, 82, 83, 88–89, 91, 92Sicilian Vespers, 122, 130, 226Silbermann, Jean-Henri
1831 elections, 315and Benjamin Constant, 233, 235, 274editor, 131, 147July Revolution, 291political position, 275post-Revolution, 313, 321and press freedom, 132, 148, 233and tax revolts, 265
Siméon, Count Joseph, 28, 89Simon, Bishop Claude, 166Sixth Coalition, 2
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
382 Index
social class, and Liberals, 27, 178socialism, 221Société des Amis de la Presse, 85,
210–213Society of the Rights of Man, 14, 320,
325–328Solomiac, Noel, 213Somme, 210Soult Law, 316–317Spain
fanaticism, 199military intervention, 138–139, 171, 195,
205–206, 284Quadruple Alliance, 324revolt, 136, 140, 160, 177victory in, 257
Spitzer, Alan, 13–14, 19, 215, 221, 222Staël, Germaine de, 10, 272Steiner, Louis, 111, 128, 293, 304Stendhal, 18stereotypes, 18Stoeber, Ehrenfried, 147, 169, 207, 274, 304,
310Strasbourg
1819 elections, 1101820 petition campaign, 1311821 elections, 1641824 elections, 172, 1731827 campaign, 234–2361830 elections, 2831831 elections, 3151831 riots, 3191834 elections, 3291834 riots, 329Association of the Defence of Patriotic
Press, 325banquet for Charles X, 275and Constant, 275demonstrations for Poland, 321Hundred Days, 65, 69July Revolution, 290–293Liberalism, 184Liberals, 175, 177–180Marchand trial, 224masonic societies, 207, 208mayor, 53, 330National Guard, 54, 329poor relief, 95post-Revolution, 304, 309, 310, 321post-Waterloo, 75pre-1830 revolution, 281press censorship, 147reading cercles, 115republicans, 175, 326status, 117
students, 315taverns, 95tax revolts, 266theatre, 122, 130
Stuart dynasty, 278students, 121–122, 133–134, 141, 150, 289, 315,
336subscriptions, 338Suchet, Marshal Louis-Gabriel, 65Sundays, 138Swiss Guard, 230Sylla, 149, 226
Tablettes, 198Tajan, Bernard, 73, 294Talleyrand, Charles-Maurice de, 2, 30, 33, 48,
305Talma, François-Joseph, 150Tarbes, 170Tartuffe, 124, 226–227Tatareau, Jean-Simon, 150, 303Tauriac, Amadée de, 182taxation
patente, 286post-Revolution reform, 307ransack of offices, 294tax revolts, 40, 264–266
Teissère, Camille, 62, 72, 80, 99, 178, 282, 291,309
Temps, 278, 295Ternaux, Guillaume-Louis, 85, 86, 216,
265Teste, Charles, 269Teutch, Frédéric, 111theatre censorship, 149–151theocracy
Charles X regime, 199–202and July settlement, 299and Liberals, 225–229Restoration governments, 300rising clericalism, 197and seminaries, 242writers, 195
Thévenet, Augustin, 72, 80, 127, 166, 178Thiard, Count Auxone-Marie de, 211, 216,
247Thiers, Adolphe, 10, 199, 222, 278, 288, 295, 328,
330Thil, Jean-Baptiste, 212, 214Third Republic, 295, 343Thouars, 143Thureau-Dangin, Paul, 12–13, 26, 219–222,
267–268Tocqueville, Hervé-Clérel de, 51, 63Toulon, 45, 254
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 383
Toulouse1815 elections, 481816 elections, 601821 elections, 1641824 elections, 1741827 campaign, 2181830 elections, 250–252, 2831831 elections, 3141834 rioters, 66, 321Acte additionnel, 70Berry memorial, 151burials, 101Chevaliers de la Foi, 41clericalism, 199and Clermont-Tonnerre, 242faubourgs, 293, 321fédérés, 73gerrymandering, 156–157Hundred Days, 32July Revolution, 290, 292–294Legitimists, 322–324Liberals, 119, 177mayors, 239, 303missionary movement, 101mutual school, 308post-Revolution, 303, 309–311, 321post-Waterloo, 75prefectoral appointments, 261–262prefects, 247press, 255press trials, 278printers, 115–116republicanism, 330, 331revolutionary principles, 66royalist divisions, 231Spanish refugees, 171students, 121, 134support for Greece, 209tax revolts, 266theatre censorhip, 149–150ultraroyalism, 42–44, 52–53Villèle triumph, 38
Tournon, 216, 281Tours, 170Tracy, Victor de, 262Travot, General Jean-Pierre, 125treason, 301Treaty of Paris 1814, 30, 32, 172Treaty of Paris 1815, 33, 172Trélat, Ulysse, 211, 221Trestaillons, Jacques, 92trials
1834 rioters, 327Constitutionnel, 201Corbière, 125
Courrier Français, 198, 201, 277cours prévôtales, 35Dunoyer, 224Echo des Alpes, 130fédérés, 38, 46, 51Friends of the People, 320, 327Globe, 245, 279Journal de Commerce, 279Journal de Rouen, 279Journal des débats, 201La Rochelle, 172Marchand, 224Metz press trials, 277National, 245, 279Paris press trials, 277Patriote alsacien, 131Polignac ministers, 312, 317press, 277–280, 300, 325Strasbourg officers, 147Toulouse press trials, 278
Tribune, 313, 327Tribune de Gironde, 145Tribune des départements, 278tricolour flag, 37tripartite politics, 23–24Troppau Congress, 136Troyes, 253Truchtersheim, 110Tullins, 157, 217Turckheim, Baron Charles de
political position, 111, 128, 131serenades, 161Strasbourg merchant, 95
Turckheim, Frédéric de, 1731827 elections, 234–2361830 elections, 2831831 elections, 315and Benjamin Constant, 233, 273–276death of General Foy, 207July Revolution, 293political position, 177post-Revolution, 310, 314pre-1830 revolution, 281and press laws, 209social class, 179–180, 337
ultraroyalists1815–16, 36–391824–8, 192–205anti-middle class, 183and Catholic Church, 225–229, 300despotic government, 144–159electoral politics, 339errors, 192–205and Legitimists, 302
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
384 Index
ultraroyalists (cont.)peers, 297political issues, 24–25, 223–224post-Restoration rise, 39–50religious zealotry, 102responsibility for July Revolution, 13state response to, 50–64tradition, 15victory, 135–144
the Union, 78, 80, 127–128, 141,142
United States, 177, 195, 220
Vacquier, Jean, 256, 278–279Vadier, Marc-Guillaume-Alexis, 74Vanssay, Charles-Achille de, 149, 158–159, 214,
239, 240Vatimesnil, Jean-François Lefebvre de, 242Vaublanc, Count Vincent-Marie, 34, 37, 50–51,
55Vaulabelle, Achille de, 144Vaulchier du Deschaux, Louis-René de, 147, 148,
168, 169, 172, 239Vautré, Colonel Victor de, 57Vendée, 183, 290, 323verdets, 45–47, 97, 102Verfeil, 303Verona Congress, 139Versailles, 63Vervins, 217Veulettes, 124Vienna Congress, 30Vienne
1814 representatives, 691819 elections, 126, 1291827 campaign, 2121830 elections, 2821831 elections, 315defection of judges, 210electoral procedures, 154post-Revolution, 329sub-prefects, 156
Vieussieux, François, 115, 133, 147, 174,256
Viguerie, Guillaume, 73, 112, 133,294
Viguerie, Joseph, 218, 282, 283, 303,321
Villefranche1816 elections, 601821 elections, 1641824 elections, 1741830 elections, 2511831 elections, 314
Acte additionnel, 70Hundred Days, 43July Revolution, 294newspapers, 147post-Revolution, 303, 309reading rooms, 116rotten borough, 270social groups, 181
Villèle, Count Joseph de1824 elections, 1741827 defeat, 2361830 elections, 282and Charter, 278despotism, 22, 239, 333government, 135–140, 171–172, 187–205indemnity law, 187–188, 336Legitimist leader, 322politicking, 81poor relief, 97post-1828, 241public demonstrations, 224retirement as mayor, 98rise, 42, 45ruthlessness, 144, 153, 159Spanish war, 171, 284Toulouse politics, 38, 41, 46–49, 51, 52, 117,
161, 163–164, 173, 250ultraroyalism, 36–37, 42, 60, 89, 113
Villemain, Abel-François, 211Villemur, 303Villeneuve, 52violence. See political violenceVisinet, Auguste-Théodore, 255Vitrolles, Baron Eugène de, 32, 36, 43, 49,
86Vitry, 142Vizille, 57, 65, 79, 100, 129, 206, 270Voiron, 65, 116, 129Vosges, 239, 304Voyer d’Argenson. See Argenson, Marc-René
Voyer d’
Walter, Jean-François, 111, 128, 274, 293,309–310
Wangen de Géroldseck, Baron Louis, 173,283
Wappler, Henri-Engelhardt, 111, 128Waresquiel, Emmanuel de, 12Waterloo, 33Water’s Edge conspiracy, 86–87, 102Wellington, 33, 42, 54White Terror
generally, 34–36illegal terror, 44
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222
Index 385
impact, 79, 87and imperial symbols, 77–78legal terror, 50–51, 55–59, 107legality and illegality, 39Midi, 45–47targets, 76–78
Wissembourg1824 elections, 1731831 elections, 3151835 elections, 329
and Charter, 131Hundred Days, 70landowners, 180Protestants, 147sedition, 95surveillance, 169
Yonne, 254Youth of Henri IV, 149Yvert, Benoı̂t, 12
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press0521801222 - Re-Writing the French Revolutionary TraditionRobert AlexanderIndexMore information
http://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.orghttp://www.cambridge.org/0521801222