Water and Sanitation Networking. PERCIK. Indonesia Water and Sanitation Magazine. August 2008

7/31/2019 Water and Sanitation Networking. PERCIK. Indonesia Water and Sanitation Magazine. August 2008

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From Editor 1

Your Voice 2

Main Report

Knowing Various Network 3

Water and Sanitation (Watsan) Networking 5

International Sanitation Year

Around International Sanitation Year 9

Interview

Networking to develop WSES 11

Regulation

Law No 18 Year 2008 On Solid Waste Management 14

Insight

Solid Waste Management Technology in PLTSa Gede Bage Bandung 16

Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) Content of Underground Water 18

In The Next Five Years, Tetaf Village Will Become Prosperous Village 20

Knowing Brief Participative Learning 22

Innovation

Ecoplas Environmental Friendly Bag Made From Cassava 25

Our Guest

Building Water Conservation in Sindang Kahuripan 26

Reportage

Visit from the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste Delegation

to Indonesia 28

Inspiration

Unsustainable City 30

Reflection

Dry Toilet for Dense Settlements and Areas Lack of Water 31

ISSDP Roundabout 32

WASPOLA Roundabout 34

WES-UNICEF Roundabout 36

STBM Roundabout 38

NETWORK Roundabout 39

WSES Roundabout 40

Program

SToPS, Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing 47

IATPI Clinic 48

CD Info 49

BOOK Info 50

WEBSITE Info 51

WSES Publication 52

Agenda

Information Media for Water Supply and

Environmental Sanitation

Published by:Water Supply and Sanitation

Working Group

Advisor:

Director General for Human Settlement,

Department of Public Works

Board of Trustee:

Director of Settlement and Housing, National

Development Planning Agency

Director of Water and Sanitation,

Ministry of Health

Director of Water Supply Development,

Department of Public Works

rector of Natural Resources and AppropriateTechnology, Director General on Village and

Community Empowerment,

Department of Home Affairs

Director for Facilitation of Special Planning

Environment Management,

Department of Home Affairs

Chief Editor:

Oswar Mungkasa

Board of Editor:

Zaenal Nampira,

Indar Parawansa,

Bambang Purwanto

Editor:

Maraita Listyasari, Rheidda Pramudhy,

Raymond Marpaung, Fanny Wedahuditama

Design/Illustrator:

Rudi Kosasih

Production:

Machrudin

Distribution:

Agus Syuhada

Address:Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat

Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113

http://www.ampl.or.id

e-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Unsolicited article or opinion items

are welcome. Please send to our address

or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and

accompanied by identity.

Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id


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Every year we celebrate various themes related to drink-

ing water and environmental sanitation, like World's

Water Day, Toilet Day, Environmental Day, Earth Day,

and many more. Not to mention each year we also celebrate va-

rious others themes, and coincidentally this year is InternationalSanitation Year.

These celebrations now

become a paradox. The original

idea of each celebration is to

remind us of many important

things we forgot in our daily

activities. But later on, these

celebrations has slipped into

becoming one of our yearly

routine. They've gotten only as

far as how we celebrate and not

how we start something so that

the celebration can become

more meaningful. We're too

busy preparing exhibitions,

launching policies by President

or Minister, and many other

things.

This condition is then

reflected through water supply

and environmental sanitationservices coverage, which until

now hasn't increased much

from 50% and only 65% for

basic sanitation. There are still

70-100 million citizens of

Indonesia that haven't received

proper water supply and envi-

ronmental sanitation services.

While we have celebrate

World's Water Day each year

for quite some time now, and

there were many policies launched and promise told each year.

This celebration has become a routine. A change of attitude

is needed so that we -governments, non governments, and com-

munity- can together change those celebrations into a start of

something meaningful.

The effect of each celebration is actually quite significant, but

then each stakeholder is competing in celebrating them indivi-

dually, and accordingly, the follow ups was done individually

too. This condition has become concerning in the past few years.

Water supply and sanitation development has not reached opti-

mal results. Service coverage is going no where, while much

infestation has been contributed.

Cooperation between stakeholders is needed. This themethen became the main topic of

this edition. How can everyone

work together in water and

environmental sanitation

(WSES) development. Today in

Indonesia a water and environ-

mental sanitation networking

(Watsan Networking) has been

established to become a place to

synergize information poten-

tial, knowledge and informa-

tion between stakeholders in a

mutual relationship that bene-

fits everyone in WSES develop-

ment. We all hope so that this

goal can be accomplished.

Therefore, the history of watsan

networking, interview with the

founders, and watsan network-

ing activities so far, are the

main focus in this edition. Andalso included networking in

abroad.

Besides that also presented

some samples of real activity

from WSES development

activist like Ully Sigar Rusadi

with her commitment to con-

serve nature, Neni Sinta-

wardani with her dry toilet

innovation, and latest innova-

tion plastic bag from cassava

produced by Dana Mitra Lingkungan.

Other interesting article is about Law No 18/2008 on

waste management. This law is a government effort to provide a

better and healthier life warranty for Indonesian citizens. The

celebration of Environmental Day and Earth Day also shares

some portion with the hope that we all can make them an inspi-

ration. As wise man say "Keeping the earth safe for a heritage to

our children." OM

FROM EDITOR

1Percik

August 2008

Source: Bowo Leksono


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PHILIPPINE ECOLOGICAL SANITATION NETWORK (PEN)What is PEN?

PEN is an organized informal network consists of govern-

ment institutions (of the central, legislative, local), donor

agency, program/project, university and NGO.

Establishment History

On 2004, the 1st International Symposium on Low-cost

Technology Options for Water Supply and Sanitation was held at

Bohol, Philippine, which during preparation encourages coopera-

tion between stakeholders, starting from local government, cen-

tral government, NGO, private sector, and academician.

Ecosan was presented in the symposium. A working group

was formed to prepare an initial draft of the action plan of activi-

ty management relating with knowledge transfer, ecosan pilot

project, and establishment of PEN.

Initial Act

PEN's action was initiated when Clean Water Act of 2004

Implementing Rules and Regulations are being compiled. Input

was needed on sanitation option other than conventional sanita-

tion, namely ecological sanitation (ecosan). Furthermore, PEN

also held an important role of the promoter of Philippine

Sanitation Summit 2007 in Manila. PEN also assisted the Health

Department to held Southern Philippine Sanitation Summit

2007.

The Form of Organization

On the early stage, PEN is still in the informal form and rep-

resents lenient advocation organization, but after two years, in

consideration of increasing effectiveness, it was decided to for-

malize and registered it to the authority as nonprofit organiza-

tion. Resource mobilization is expected to be optimized.

Therefore, it was agreed to appoint several people as daily

operators to hold positions of president, vice president, secre-

tary, treasurer, and monitoring agency.

Member

Organizations that have officially become member are the

legislative (House of Representatives Committee on Ecology),

government institution (National Water Resources

Board/NWRB), Health Department, study center (Center for

Advanced Philippine Studies/CAPS), Institute for the

Development of Educational and Ecological Alter-

natives/IDEAS), universities (UP-National Engineering Center,

College of Chemical Engineering/Environmental Engineering

Program), donor agencies (German Technical Assistance/GTZ,

Water and Sanitation Program-East Asia Pacific/ESP-EAP),

NGOs (BNS-Borda), association (Solid Waste Management

Association of the Philippines/SWAPP), companies (Manila

Water Sewerage System/MWSS), projects (LWUA, ECO-ASIA-

Linaw Projects, Waste Water Projects, Sustainable Coastal

Tourism/SCOTIA).

Current Role

TSI 2008 launching was promoted by PEN. Furthermore,

PEN also took role in developing the Program of Sustainable

Sanitation for East Asia (SuSEA) - Philippine Component Year

2007-2010. SuSEA is a SIDA-funded project with the goal of

accelerating target achievement of MDGs' water and sanitation

targets in Indonesia and Philippine.

UGANDA WATER AND SANITATION NETWORK (UWASNET)UWASNET is a national umbrella organization of the NGO

and community-based organization in clean water and sanita-

tion of Uganda. It was established in February 2000 with the

support of Directorate of Water Development (DWD), Danida,

Water Aid and a cooperation working group of 11 NGOs, to uti-

lize potency of NGO and community-based organization in their

contribution of achieving the MDGs' targets.

Motto

Achieving clean water and sanitation access for all in Uganda

through effective coordination, better collaboration, and strate-

gic partnership.

Mission

UWASNET was established to strengthen coordination,

collaboration, and NGO's network and community-based

organization with other stakeholder in clean water and sanita-

tion sector in Uganda.

Vision

Contributing in reducing poverty through increasing access

to clean water and sanitation through effective coordination of

NGOs and community-based organization in the clean water

and sanitation sector of Uganda.

Working Group

UWASNET consists of 4 Working Groups namely:

MAIN REPORT

3PercikAugust 2008

KNOWING VARIOUS NETWORK


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(i) Hygiene and Sanitation Working Group (HSWG), with the

goal of encouraging dialog between stakeholders to increase

awareness on hygiene and sanitation; (ii) Water and Sanitation

Technologies Working Group (WSTWG), with the purpose to be

a media of exchanging ideas and experiences regarding proper

technologies; (iii) Urban Water and Sanitation Working Group(UWSWG), with the main purpose of encouraging better atten-

tion to the availability of clean water and sanitation for poor

people in the urban area; and (iv) Water and Sanitation for

Women and Children Working Group (WSWCWG), with the

purpose of encouraging attention to the interest of women and

children in clean water and sanitation development.

Program and Project

In order to maximize the work result of Clean Water and

Sanitation NGO, UWASNET develops two main programs of:

1. Coordination, Information and Network Program

The purpose of this program is to accelerate effective coordi-

nation, collaboration, and network between clean water and

sanitation NGO with other stakeholders. It is expected that

UWASNET member will be able to influence and respond poli-

cies, strategies, and implementations through the network and

information exchange.

The program objectives are (i) enabling the member to

exchange ideas and experiences with other stakeholders regard-

ing policy, strategy, and implementation; (ii) providing informa-

tion focal point regarding UWASNET or other issues related

with clean water and sanitation; (iii) guarantee continuity of

UWASNET.

Activities related with the program are (i) involvement in the

decision-making process, (ii) contribution of article writing in

the mass media; (iii) managing center of data and information;

(iv) providing consultancy service for the member; (v) publish-

ing routine newsletter.

2. Capacity Building Program

The purpose of this program is to enhance NGO capacity in

order to establish independent, dynamic, and effective NGO net-

work as the working partner of the government. Thus NGO is

expected to have an active role in achieving MDGs targets, have

the ability to respond government policy, and able to performinnovative activities of clean water and sanitation.

THE SUSTAINABLE SANITATION ALLIANCE (SUSANA)Basis of Establishment

The main motivation of SuSana establishment was the UN

General Assembly decision to declare the Year 2008 as the

International Sanitation Year, which followed in the year 2007

by various sanitation development organizations in establishing

open sustainable sanitation network to support TSI 2008.

SuSana Purpose

Contributing in achieving MDGs' targets through promo-

tion of sustainable sanitation

Increasing awareness on sustainable sanitation solution

and promoting the awareness in large scale

Demonstrating the important role of sanitation in achiev-ing the overall targets of MDGs

Changing the sanitation paradigm through promoting

reuse oriented sanitation approach without endangering

health

Main Focus

Main focus of SuSana is to promote sustainable sanitation

implementation in large scale water and sanitation program.

Special Objectives

Collecting and compiling information that will help deci-

sion maker in assessing various sanitation systems and

technologies by taking sustainable criteria into considera-

tion

Demonstrating reuse oriented sanitation

Collecting and presenting sanitation best practices with

regard to TSI 2008

Identifying and illustrating mechanism to replicate sustain-

able sanitation implementation including funding instru-

ment to provide pro-poor sanitation

Develop vision of how sustainable development can con-

tribute in achieving MDGs

In order to obtain these special objectives, general road map

for TSI 2008 has been compiled.

The Form of Organization

SuSana is not a new organization, but more as unbinding

organization network that cooperates, with open and active

nature in promoting sustainable sanitation. SuSana is supported

by several thematic working groups. OM from various sources.

MAIN FE ATURE

4 PercikAugust 2008

S everal years ago sustainable sanitation principles have beenagreed by Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Councilknown as "Bellagio Principles for Sustainable Sanitation" on the 5thGlobal Forum, November 2000, namely:

(i) Human value, live quality and settlement environmental safetyshould be the basis of all sanitation approach.

(ii) In line with the good governance principles, decision makingshould involve participation of all stakeholders, especially cos-tumer and service provider.

(iii) Waste should consider to be resources and the managementshould be integrated and become part of integrated waterresources and waste management process.

(iv) Overcoming sanitation problems should be done in minimumsize as manageable (household, environment, city, catchmentarea). (source: WSSCC).

PRINCIPLE SUMMARY OF SUSTAINABLE SANITATION


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T

he network was established

based on concerns of several par-

ties that realized that the issue ofclean water and environmental sanitation

are currently often being ignored and

have not become the attention and com-

mitment of decision makers both in

national or local level.

On the other side, government policy

in the WSES is not yet integrated. Many

programs are overlapping; stakeholders

with WSES concern are still working

alone without cooperation, while the

community awareness with regards to theclean and healthy lifestyle is still consid-

erably low.

A more strategic coordination and

integration is required from various

stakeholders to inter-coordinate and

established bigger strength. Thus, a net-

work that can communicate the need and

interest of all parties is necessary so that

each party may have place to be able to

contribute and synergized to accelerate

goals achievements in the WSES develop-

ment.

Since the first Watsan Network meet-

ing on February 27th, 2007 in Bappenas

that reached agreement to build

Communication Network between stake-

holders in this sector, continued by a

more intensive meeting on July and

August 2007, a concept draft and strate-

gic directive of the future Watsan

Network. This concept is the basis of

agreement of Network members on

October, 8th 2007 and has become a

mandate to be accomplished by the direc-

tive teams.

Name and Explanation of the

NetworkWatsan Network-INA is a forum to

synergized potencies of information,

knowledge and communication between

stakeholders in cooperation that presents

benefits for all parties.

Vision of Watsan Network is to pre-

sent the network as an effective forum of

WSES communication and information

in supporting stakeholders' participation

(of governments, private and community)

in the process of National development of

Indonesia.

Whereas the mission is to synergize

strategic and applicable programs through

application of partnership principles,

cooperation development of WSES mana-

gement, capacity building of the instituti-on and the human resources, and in-

creasing the fund for WSES development.

Membership

In general, the Network is open,

inclusive, and independent; anyone can

be the Network member:

Individual, open for individuals with

any citizenship.

MAIN REPORT

5Percik

August 2008

WATER AND SANITATION

(WATSAN)NETWORKING

Signing agreement of Watsan Network establishment on October 8th, 2007 in Jakarta


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Non Government Organization

(NGOs), independence organiza-

tions, government organization, or

academicals institutions with the

program and/or interest in the sec-

tors of education and environment. International Organizations.

Projects/programs managed by go-

vernment or non government.

Organizational Structure

The organizational structure consists of

(i) member as directives of the Network po-

licy through the decision of the member

meeting; (ii) Steering Committee, with the

function of keeping the organization in line

with the need of the members; (iii) Chief of

operational, assists by general secretary and

task force, that runs the daily operation of

the organization.

Network Steering Committee

The committee is consist of 9 organi-zations that represent various parties,

namely government, NGOs, donor, uni-

versity, companies, WSES project/pro-

gram team management of the following:

WSES working group, WASPOLA, JAS/-

GTZ, Air Kita/Europromocap IWAT, IHE

Indonesia, Plan Indonesia, ISSDP, Envi-

ronmental Engineering Department of

Trisakti University, and Tirta Pakuan

PDAM.

Task Force

The Task Force was established in

consideration of several main issues of

WSES context such as clean water, waste

management, sanitation, and clean and

healthy lifestyle. The four issues havetheir own problems and management

approach. In the basis of diversity, the

Task Force was established in order for

every problem above to be able to be

more focused. The Task Forces are Waste

Management Task Force (GTPS),

Sanitation Task Force (GTS), Clean

Water Task Force, and Health and

Hygiene Task Force.

Work Program of the Network

1. Center of Information Sources

Building Data Integration Program,

Knowledge Information, and WSES

Program in the form of Data Base.

2. Capacity Building Program

Realizing community enforcement

and empowerment in sustainable

WSES devel opment through

capacity sharing between the

Network members and related

outside parties, through trai-

ning/workshop/seminar through

methodology and best practices of

WSES.

3. Partnership Development Program

Developing internal partnership

between the member of the Network

and external parties by establishing

cooperation and good relation with

the parties outside the Watsan

Network to support the above pro-

grams.

4. Advocation

Encourage the WSES issues to be a

priority of government and public by

series of advocation activities invol-

ving various parties to build support,

policy decision--making, campaign

strategy, and solution review of the

WSES sector.

MAIN REPORT

6PercikAugust 2008

MEMBER

STEERING COMMITTEE

CHIEF OF OPERATIONAL

Of WSES Working Group

(Oswar Mungkasa)

CLEAN WATER:

Dit. PAM, Dep. PU

(Bambang Purwanto)

&

FORKAMI (Abdullah)

SECRETARIAT

(Dini Haryati) &

Air Kita (Indriati)DATA & INFORMATION:

Tim Pokja AMPL

ENFORCEMENT/CAPACITY

BUILDING

Environmental Engineering

Dept. Trisakti Univ.

(Rositayanti) &

ADVOCATION:

Waspola

(Sofyan Iskandar) &

JAS (Manfred Oepen)

PARTNERSHIP:

Plan Indonesia & ESP

(Alwis Rustam)

SOLID WASTE MANAGE-

MENT:

DML

(Kemal Taruc)

HEALTH AND HYGIENE:

Dit. PL, Depkes

(Zainal Nampira)

SANITATION:

ISSDP (Eri Trinurini)

&

Dit. PLP, Dep. PU

(Handy Legowo)

TASK FORCE

BIDANG

GENERAL SECRETARY

ISSDP (Syarif Puradimadja)


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Waste Management Task Force

(GTPS)

To facilitate member of the Network

with interest in the waste sector, Solid

Waste Management Task Force (SWM-

TF) was established. The Task Force ispart of the Watsan Network that repre-

sents a forum to synergize potencies of

information, knowledge, and communi-

cation between WSES Network members

in the waste sector in cooperation that

benefits all parties.

SWM-TF coordinator, who is also

Executive Director of Dana Mitra

Lingkungan (DML), Kemal Taruc, to

Percik said that focus of the Task Force is

community-based solid waste manage-

ment in small scale. While for the strate-

gic objectives, Kemal said, is integration

of data, information, knowledge, and pro-

gram of SWM-TF, site availability as the

facility to access qualify information for

all WSES Network members in general

and SWM-TF especially, and realization

of community enforcement and empo-

werment in sustainable solid waste ma-

nagement.

Membership

Member of the Task Force is indivi-

duals or organizations such as DML, ESP,

Mercy Corps, etc., which are also part of

Watsan Network. According to Kemal,

the involved parties in SWM-TF are all

executors, observers, fans, commenta-

tors, critics, decision makers, decision

executors, decision proposer, people with

concern. "Everything is open for everyone

who interested in community-based solid

waste management".SWM-TF initiated cooperation in the

form of information exchange through

mailing list and site, and information that

can be exchanged between members, and

off course, opportunity to broaden part-

nership network and everything else that

may came up from the Task Force.

According to Kemal, the public activi-

ty in the form of community-based solid

waste management represents important

effort that requires public acknowledge-

ment and political support (which means

budget, policy, etc.). "Not just a hobby of

solid waste managers in the RT-RW,

kelurahan, or housing complex, as it is

currently."

SWM-TF Activities

Until date, SWM-TF has performed

various activities, such as Community

Based Solid Waste Management Work-shop in mid January 2008. Accordingly

with togetherness spirit of the Watsan

Network, the activity was held by syner-

gizing many parties, among others are

JBIC and Mercy Corps.

Recently, SWM-TF held meeting at

ESP office to discuss Solid Waste Ma-

nagement Law that has been legalized by

the Legislative on early April 2008. The

focus was not looking at every section of

the Law, but more at law and regulationsthat were mandated, especially govern-

ment regulations.

"In the future, aside than meetings,

which basically is inviting one another

for activities which was initiated by one

of the members, a general activity is

going to be held, and is currently wait-

ing for the most appropriate form,"

Kemal said.

Sanitation Task Force (GTS)

GTS coordinator, Eri Trinurini Adhi

said that, as for other Task Forces, those

who involved in GTS are organizations and

individuals that have interest in sanitation

issues, both for organization's or indivi-

dual's interests. "An organization or indivi-

dual may join more than one Task Force."

GTS is currently continues to seek

memberships. Unlike solid waste issue,

the sanitation (waste water) issue is not

yet touched by many organizations.Nevertheless, sanitation awareness has

gained more attention from organiza-

tions, either specifically, or together with

other relevant issues, such as clean water

and environment, health and education.

GTS Activities

In principle, Watsan Network is a

communication network. Thus, open and

sustainable communication of all stake-

holders is a necessity.Inter-organization cooperation of

members or other organization outside

Watsan Network is customary for GTS to

run its mission; one example is the sim-

plified sewerage workshop that was held

recently in May 2008. The workshop

represents cooperation between National

Sanitation Technical Team, ISSDP, WSP-

EAP and Sanitation Task Force.

MAIN REPORT

7Percik

August 2008

Solid Waste Management Task Force-Watsan Network held workshop of "Community Based Solid WasteManagement" on 16-17 January 2008 in Jakarta. Source: Bowo Leksono.


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Here, GTS has a role of executor of the

activity with Sanitation Technical Team

and ISSDP as steering committee. GTS is

also actively providing support to the

DitJen Cipta Karya of Public Work

Department during InternationalSanitation Year 2008 and World Water

Day.

According to Eri, the focus of GTS is

learning exchange between stakeholders

on the approach and approach models of

currently developing rural and urban sa-

nitation. "So far, there are many models

existed, especially the developing on site

model, however, it is still in a plot pro-

ject."

Learning between programs is impor-

tant to encourage new innovation. Fur-

thermore, GTS encourages the developed

model to be adapted by broader area and by

other stakeholders and the government.

GTS objective, said Eri, who is also

appointed as the Assistant for Team

Manager of the ISSDP, is establishment

of the data center and good cooperation

with organization, program and individ-

ual with commitment to the sanitation

development. "The work programs

among others are compiling data base of

the Task Force members, conduct

research, and held workshops."

Health and Hygiene Task Force

(GTKH)

WSES development is not merely

focus on the physical development, but

also behavior changes that presents an

inseparable part. Currently, WSES stake-

holders are active on encouraging beha-

vior changes through Community Based

Total Sanitation (STBM). To avoid over-

lapping programs, STBM activities need

to be synergized. Through the Watsan

Network, GTKH represents a forum to

increase synergy of WSES development

through STBM. Synergized steps are

expected to be more effective and effi-

cient.

Therefore, on 26-27 May 2008, by

coordination of Bappenas and Health

Department, a Workshop of Community

Based Total Sanitation was held in Bogor.

The opportunity was also used as the

launching moment of Health and

Hygiene Task Force, one of the Task

Forces under Watsan Network. The TaskForce is under coordination of

Directorate Environmental Health,

Health Department.

In the STBM workshop it was also

presented the draft of STBM National

Strategy by Kasubdit Water Health, who

is also coordinator of Health and Hygiene

Task Force, Zainal Nampira. There are 6

component of strategy, namely creating

conducive environment, increasing need,

increasing supply, knowledge manage-

ment, funding, monitoring and evalua-

tion. The National Strategy is also com-

pleted by work plan and indicator.

Activity Plan

Activity of the Health and Hygiene

Task Force is currently focused on the

Community Based Total Sanitation.

There are five main pillars of the STBM

activities, which are Open Defecation

Free (ODF), Washing Hands Using the

Soap (CTPS), Household Clean Water

Managament (PAM RT), Household

Waste Water Management, and

Household Solid Waste Management.

For the year 2008, from April to

December, series of related activities will

be performed by the Health and Hygiene

Task Force; starting from facilitating

STBM activity, providing guidelines, to

facilitating sanitation clinic on the local

level.

In the future, Health and HygieneTask Force is expected to be able to pro-

vide real contribution in the WSES deve-

lopment in Indonesia, especially in the

STBM activity. Active participation of the

Health and Hygiene Task Force in the

STBM activity is expected to decrease the

mortality number by diarrhea and other

sanitation-related diseases in Indonesia.

BW/DH.

MAIN REPORT

8PercikAugust 2008

"Simplified Sewerage" discussion, held by Sanitation Task Force-Watsan Network in the Public WorkDepartment, Friday, April 25th 2008. Source: Bowo Leksono.


11/56

The declaration of International

Sanitation Year on March 27th by

Minister of Public Works, made

quite an effect. Some districts

had done follow ups by celebra-

ting International Sanitation Year

with various activities.

THE DECLARATION OF PUBLIC WORK

PROJECT IN BALI PROVINCE

As a part of the declaration of

International Sanitation Year, in

June 14th, the Department of

Public Works held a series of activities in

Denpasar, Bali. Starting with award given

by the Minister of Public Works to the

winner of children speech and painting

competition with save water and environ-ment as theme. Then continued by decla-

ration of Denpasar Sewerage

Development Project (DSDP) and Trash-

Track Tukad Badung and Tukad Mati by

the President.

DSDP has started soon after the acci-

dent that causes some Japanese Tourists

in Bali to suffer dysentery, therefore

reducing Japanese Tourists up to 50 per-

cent. Hopefully, after DSDP is built then

the quality of water environment will

improve. Therefore, the image of Bali

tourism will be better.

Other fact that degrades the environ-

mental quality is the people still consider

river as a garbage disposal place. This condi-

tion causes shallow rivers and flood.

Community health level is degrading and

environmental esthetics is also bothered.

The development of Trash-Track is meant to

capture and extract the garbage found in the

river. Hopefully this effort will help reducing

environment quality degradation caused

by throwing garbage to the river.

The declaration of these two projects

is meant to remind us that sanitation and

tourism is closely related. This sentence is

said by the President in his speech that

tourism no longer consist only 4 S's, sun,

sand, sea, smile, but also consist sanita-

tion. Without proper sanitation then

tourism will never develop. OM

DECLARATION OF INTERNATIONAL

SANITATION YEAR IN NANGROE ACEH

DARUSSALAM (NAD)

After 2004 tsunami, many things had

changed in NAD, including WSES devel-

opment. This condition is related with the

abundant support from donors and NGOs

that provides basic needs such as water

supply, sanitation, and waste manage-

ment. Knowing this, the governor of NAD

through Surat Keputusan No

699/66/2008 establish Tim KoordinasiPenyelenggara Program Nasional AMPL

or known as WSES working group. The

presence of this working group hopefully

will give aid to synergize WSES develop-

ment in NAD.

As a part of WSES working group

socialization in NAD, NAD government in

cooperation with UNICEF, BRR, and GTZ

INTERNATIONAL SANITATION YEAR

9Percik

August 2008

Around International

Sanitation Year

Without propersanitation then

tourism

will never develop.

Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono didampingi Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Djoko Kirmanto meresmikanproyek-proyek infrastruktur pekerjaan umum dan penyerahan bantuan langsung Program

Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri serta kredit usaha rakyat untuk Provinsi Bali di Denpasar.Foto: Repro Kompas.


12/56

held the Launching of International

Sanitation Year 2008 and Building WSES

Working Group Program in Banda Aceh

on June 12th 2008. This meeting was

opened by the District Assistant of NAD

Province, attended by donors, NGOs,

related department, and mass media.

Beside socializing Governor's Decision on

WSES Working Group, a socialization of

Community Based WSES Development

by WSES Working Group is also held in

the same occasion. Further more,

Mardan from Solok WSES Working

Group has the opportunity to explain his

experience in implementing WSES policy

in his region. The event is closed by the

explanation of Sanitation System

Implementation Guide by the GTZ.

The interesting part is, in the corner

of the main road is installed a big bally-

hoo and advertisement about this event.

Hopefully International Sanitation Year is

not only becomes the concern of the govern-

ment, but the people as well. (Sofyan)

DECLARATION OF WORLD WATERDAY

AND INTERNATIONAL SANITATION YEAR

IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE.

Central Java Government by

Dinas Kimpraswil, PSDA, WSES

Working group in cooperation

in UNICEF and WASPOLA held the dec-

laration of World Water Day and

International Sanitation Year on May

29th 2008, in Kabupaten Kendal.

The event consist series of activities

such as Water and Sanitation Workshop,

attended by over 300 participants from

Central Java, Water and Sanitation

Poster Competition, Coloring and

Drawing themed "Healthy Environment"

participated by 60 children. And also is

held an exhibition themed water and san-

itation.

The main event is signed by the

speech and declaration, followed with

tree planting by the Governor of Central

Java. The Governor emphasizes the

importance of water supply by conserving

and environmental sanitation. (SBR)

WSES COORDINATION MEETING AND

DECLARATION OF INTERNATIONAL

SANITATION YEAR IN NUSA TENGGARA

BARAT PROVINCE

In Lombok Raya Hotel Mataram on

May 22nd-23rd 2008, is held

WSES Coordination Meeting and

Declaration of Internal Sanitation Year in

Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. This is

probably the first coordination meeting

in Indonesia that is held by Province

Government through its WSES Working

Group that invites related agencies from

each district/city. In this event, an open-

ing speech and declaration of Inter-

national Sanitation Year is done by the

head of NTB Bappeda, Lalu Faturrah-

man. Several agendas of International

Sanitation Year have been prepared. In

this Coordination Meeting is done some

main agendas such as district Strategic

Plan Finalization, and establishment of

WES UNICEF work plan. (OM)

INTERNATIONAL SANITATION YEAR

10PercikAugust 2008

Diharapkan

Tahun Sanitasi

Internasional

menjadi bagian darikepedulian masyarakat

secara umum,

bukan hanya pemerintah

saja.

Gubernur provinsi Jawa Tengah Ali Mufiz menanam pohon menandai Deklarasi Hari Air Dunia dan TahunSanitasi Internasional. Foto: Sobari.


13/56

INTERVIEW

11PercikAugust 2008

Networking to develop WSES

Establishment of the WatsanNetwork is initiated by concern of severalparties who realize that WSES issues arecurrently not the priority, thus receive onlyminor attention and commitment fromthe decision makers.

It is important to develop WSES sec-tors network in the framework of accele-rating policy reform of the WSES sectorstoward effective, accurate, and sustain-able WSES services. Relation and com-munication between stakeholders in theNetwork will establish commitment onWSES development acceleration, includ-ing more obvious, transparent, andaccountable role division.

Currently, the Network is still in theinformal nature because it is not yetlegally registered in the notary or in theLaw Department and Human Right. Thiswas done in purpose to provide opportuni-ty to all members of the Network to per-form first in this forum. After two or threeyears we will discuss the formal form ofthe Network. Even though, we have pre-pared the budget and code ethic of theNetwork, including form of the organiza-tion. As we know, there are four TaskForces in the Network (solid waste man-agement task force/SWM-TF, sanitationtask force/GTS, health and hygiene taskforce, and clean water task force) undercoordination of vice chief of the operator,and four working fields (data and infor-mation, capacity building, partnershipdevelopment, communication and avoca-

tion) under coordination of the generalsecretary. These fields support the activi-ty of each task force. Supervision is con-ducted by the directive committee con-sists of nine institutions of whom are thefounders of the Network. In near date, wewill start to compile the work plan for theyear 2009, while for the year 2008 still inurgent situation, thus the activities arestill sporadic.

WASPOLA is committed to encouragethe process of knowledge sharingbetween stakeholders, including facilita-ting meetings and information swap;especially on capacity building, institutio-nal reform, and rising awareness.

Many hopes are set for the Network.Several roles to be expected among oth-ers are (i) improve coordination of WSESdevelopment in Indonesia; (ii) becomethe resource center including the supplyforum of advocacy materials; (iii) focalpoint of the WSES development inIndonesia; (iv) become the front guard ofpublic campaign. All of the aboveexpectancies are build to answer issuesof WSES development in Indonesia suchas (i) WSES data that are not in correla-tion with one another; (ii) difficulties inobtaining information regarding WSESlearning and best practices; (iii) there aremany executors of WSES developmentwith seemingly lack of coordinationamong WSES stakeholders; (iv) publiccampaign that have not got proper atten-tion.

As a complete forum of stakehold-ers, the Network is expected to be acce-leration media of adoption and imple-mentation of the National Policies, espe-cially the ones of community based, andalso become the sharing media, as wellas pressure advocacy on commitment ofvarious parties in the WSES develop-ment.

Gary D. Swisher(WASPOLA)

In 8 October 2007, around 40 institutions consist of government, international institutions, NGOs, related project, universi-

ties, PDAM, regulatory committee and profession association have reach mutual agreement in establishing Watsan Network.

The network consists of nine Directive Team, namely WSES Working Group, WASPOLA, JAS/GTZ, Air Kita/Europromocap IWAT,

IHE Indonesia, Plan Indonesia, ISSDP, Environmental Engineering of Trisakti University, and PDAM Tirta Pakuan. The following

is review summary of each directive team on the necessity of Watsan Network and their expectancies.

Oswar Mungkasa(WSES Working

Group)


14/56

INTERVIEW

12 PercikAugust 2008

Didier Perez(Air Kita

Europromacap/IWAT)

For foreign institutions wanting to

assist the environment sector inIndonesia is currently facing difficultiesand lack of coordination. We don't knowwhich partner to choose, is it the HealthDepartment, Bappenas, Public WorkDepartment, or PDAM? The WatsanNetwork is the most current and effectivetool.

A step for the interest of the publiccan not be done individually or alone. Wehave to think together and walk togethersustainably, although the awarenessmust come from each different indivi-dual.

I want to try to change the way of

Indonesian people thinks, because theirimage abroad requires improvement. Iwant to try to motivate donors, syner-gized, and improve credibility.

Donate thoughts and ideas. Becausethe Network has program of capacitybuilding of the Watsan Network, in thiscase focus on the capacity sharing amongmembers of the Network and other rela-ted parties outside the Network throughseminar, workshop, dialogue, thematicdiscussion, and review; and distributingexperience, review, strategy, and bestpractices of the WSES.

I don't want anything. I just want to

help, I don't expect anything.

I hope the Network will be able tobuild a new environment-oriented cul-ture. Full devotion and attention for thesustainability of the environment free ofpollution. In the future, the WatsanNetwork is more integrated and sustain-able.

Jan Yap(IHE)

Due to the limited resources/fund inimproving the quality and coverage of

WSES activities in Plan Indonesia.

Strengthen partnership and sharingof lesson learned with other institutions in

the WSES sector in improving WSES pro-gram in the Plan area.

WSES implementation in Indonesiawill be more integrated, and strengthen

each other and avoid overlaps of imple-mentation strategies.

Tofik Rochman(Plan Indonesia)

WSES sectors in Indonesia are still

being ignored in term of investment, re-gulation, policies, and public awareness.In the Watsan Network, commitment isrequired professionally. Therefore, ourcommitment is needed as the form ofour concern on clean water and sanita-tion.

Coordination of activities, data com-

piling, developing training modules,research, establishing legal issues, tech-nical standards, etc. Furthermore, esta-blishing cooperation with policy makersof various sectors such as politics andeconomies.

We, as the member of the Network,

hopes there will be a good coordination.We are looking forward to cooperate inthe funding and establishing activities bytaking strategy into consideration.Cooperation is also established to assistthe ignored WSES sectors.

Manfred(JAS)


15/56

INTERVIEW

13PercikAugust 2008

In order to provide clearer direction,accurate, and vast coverage of all WSESactivities executed by the member.Furthermore, through the Network, theWSES issues are expected to obtainmore attention in the National policies.

Compile, execute, and evaluate

WSES activities accordingly with thecapacity and work program ofEnvironmental Engineering Dept. ofTrisakti Univ.

Better understanding between allstakeholders of WSES sector in

order to realize more beneficialactions. Support activities and programs

between governments and non go-vernments in order to realize moreconsolidated social objectives.

Establish mapping of various activi-ties in the same field of differentsector and area in order to under-stand the base line to be use as feedback in compilation of policy andstrategy reconsolidation of theWSES development in the nationallevel.

Support for the program strengthen-ing on the goverment side to have a

workable program and political sup-port for funding . The establishment of harmoniza-

tion, cooperation, and collaborationamoung stakeholder infocusing thepropure target services.

Acquiring synergy and broader part-

nership in conducting the WSES activi-ties in the Environmental EngineeringDept. of Trisakti Univ.

Rositayanti(Environmental

Engineering Dept. ofTrisakti Univ.)

Watsan Network is really importantas communication and socializationmedia regarding activities of clean waterand environmental improvement, for allWSES perpetrator, practitioner, academi-cian, and public.

Provide ideas, innovation, experienceor best practices in the WSES sector toimprove WSES in the National level.

Latest training and information ofthe WSES sector.

Henry Darwin(PDAM Tirta Pakuan

Kota Bogor)

To establish and develop effectivetwo-ways communication of all mem-

bers and stakeholders to improve theservice of clean water and environmen-tal improvement. Through communica-tion raft in the form of Network will makeit very possible to establish synergy andcommitment in uniting a more focusvision.

SyarifPuradimadja

(ISSDP)

BW

There 3 focus activities: partnershipdevelopment, capacity building, and

communication improvement thro-ugh advocacy and development andstrengthening of WSES data bank.

There is also sectoral program focusin the sector of solid waste sanitationtask force development and beha-vior changes in the effort of provi-ding a more efficient and effectiveservice.


16/56

Since 2003, community that long for clean and healthy

environment is waiting for law on solid waste. The long

wait is finally over. On April, 9th 2008, Draft Law

(Rancangan Undang-undang- RUU) regarding Solid Waste

Management is approved by Plenary Meeting of Dewan

Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) of Republic of Indonesia.

The law that was academic paper of Environmental Ministry

team is Law No 18 Year 2008 on Solid Waste Management. The

Law represents government effort in providing guarantee of

healthy and clean life for the Indonesian.

Background of Solid Waste Management Law

Along with the growing population, solid waste is also con-

tinues to increase. However, solid waste increment is not mere-

ly on volume but also in type and quality. Meanwhile, current

solid waste management method is still using the old final dis-

posal (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir - TPA).

Various problems present not just in matter of cleanliness

and environmental pollution, but also in social aspect of friction

among community surrounding the TPA. Coarsely, almost all

cities in Indonesia, no matter big or small, do not have good

solid waste management.Most treatment is with the same management of collect-

transport-dispose; a classic arrangement that should be ended

because it was proven to have flaws and tends to have negative

effect. Not just for the environment, but also for the people living

surrounding TPA.

Surely we remember explosion disaster in TPA Leuwigajah,

Cimahi, Jawa Barat that harmed hundreds of people. Not to

mention conflict of community around the location of integrat-

ed solid waste management (tempat pengolahan sampah ter-

padu - TPST) Bojong, Bogor, Jawa Barat or TPA Bantar Gebang

Bekasi that often appear in mass media. There are also solidwaste problems in other cities. This is not only impacted one

city, but also interrelated between cities.

Therefore, it is very important that solid waste law to be

issued. By issuance of Solid Waste Management, it is expected

that good, proper, healthy, safe, and environmentally-friendly

solid waste management will be realized. One important issue

regulated in this Law is paradigm changes in the solid waste

management, from currently just collecting, transporting, and

disposing to TPA, into solid waste management with 4Rs princi-

ples of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover.

Solid Waste Management Revolution

The term was initiated by Environmental Minister Rachmat

Witoelar who said that Solid Waste Management Law represents

solid waste management revolution, with which hopefully soon,

community will have clean and healthy environment.

As in Section 4 saying that "Solid waste management is

aimed in improving community's health and environmental

quality while treating solid waste as resources."

By application of the Solid Waste Management Law, since

legalization in the lembaran Negara, solid waste management

in Indonesia is arranged in new paradigm. All parties are

responsible, no matter community, government, or solid waste

REGULATION


Law No 18 Year 2008 On Solid Waste

Management



17/56

related-stakeholders.

As known, so far, in managing solid waste, most community

is still using the approach method of collect-transport-dispose.

The new paradigm sees solid waste as resources with economi-

cally value, for example to be used as energy, compos, fertilizer,

or industrial raw material.

Solid Waste Management Responsibility

In this Law, government is not the only one who responsible

on the solid waste problems. Community (household) and pri-

vate sector (solid waste producer) are also obliged to manage

solid waste accordingly with the Law.

This arrangement can be found in Section 12 verse (1) saying

"Everyone in managing solid waste of household and household-

alike are obliged to reduce and manage solid waste in environ-

mental-oriented method."

While Section 13 says "Managers of housing area, commer-cial area, industrial area, special area, public facility, social faci-

lity, and other facility are obliged to provide solid waste separa-

tion facility."

In other words, the Law forces community to recycle in solid

waste management. Those who do not manage their solid waste

will be sanctioned accordingly with the regulation.

Other interesting thing regarding the Law is regarding regu-

lations for producers, such as Section 14 and 15. As obligation for

the community, producers also obliged to manage packing of the

product that cannot or difficult to be disintegrated. Government

will apply punishment and reward mechanism to the companiesthat violated and do not manage their solid waste. No exception

to the community, both as individual or as community.

Responsibility of the Local Government

Before Law No. 18 Year 2008, there are no firm regulatory

standards regarding solid waste management in all

kabupaten/kota or province in Indonesia. Every kabupaten/kota

holds their local regulations, which cause different solid waste

management.

It is worsen by the fact that local governments are trapped in

retribution and sanctions issues to increase local revenue, more

than the responsibility of managing solid waste for greater good.

Through this Law, basic concept regarding solid waste ma-

nagement improvement can be realized in quick manner, cer-

tainly after the issuance of government regulation as guidance to

execute the Law. It will then followed by local regulation with

the framework of higher regulations.

In writing, Solid Waste Management Law forces local go-

vernment to manage solid waste, unless they want to be perse-

cuted or sanctioned. The regulation obliged local government to

manage solid waste within their area.

In Section 5, "Government and local government are respon-

sible to guarantee good and environmentally-oriented solid

waste management accordingly with the purpose as meant in

this Law."

Clean and healthy condition of an area from solid waste

problems is solely depends on intention and interest of the lead-

ers. Monitoring of the solid waste management is arranged inbertingkat as mentioned in Section 30 verse (1) and (2). Series of

obligations for government and local governments regarding

solid waste management is included in the first law of solid

waste management.

All parties hopes, off course, that by taking this law into

action, solid waste problems of this country will be able to be

reduced. In the future, hopefully, Indonesia will be a country

that is no longer worry about solid waste, but in contrary, able to

provide job creation from the solid waste management. BW

REGULATION

15PercikAugust 2008



18/56

Solid Waste Power Plant Gede Bage that will be built at

Kabupaten Bandung apparently has caused pros and

cons in the development plan. Part of the community

rejected while the other part accepted, despite the issuance of

visibility study of the PLTSa operation by team from Institut

Teknologi Bandung (ITB).

Community has a right to know which process will be applied

in PLTSa, considering that solid waste management may also

cause sensitivity of social friction. Inaccurate or even mislead

information can be boomerang to the government in the appli-

cation of the PLTSa.

Despite the current pros and cons, community needs to

know that the treatment that will be applied in PLTSa Gede Bage

is an integrated treatment. The treatment will not merely burn

the solid waste, but will also generate products of electricity,

usable ash, and job creation. On the other hand, if the operation

is not conducted properly, environmental damage may rise in

the local and regional level which will have to be paid with a high

social cost by the community.

PLTSa Term

The term was created due to the energy generation process

from the treated solid waste in the PLTSa. The term is actually

quite risky, considering the high chance of incapability of solid

waste treatment that will generate electricity economically. This

is understandable, due to the high water content of solid waste

in Indonesia (which approximately may reach 60-80 percent),

that will decrease caloric and energy value that can be generated

from the solid waste.

For example, during the rainy season, where the water con-tent of the solid waste is higher, the chance of PLTSa to generate

electricity will be decreased, and PLTSa may consume more

energy in order to treat the solid waste.

In the infrastructure term in relation with the above, there

are Water Treatment Installation (Instalasi Pengolahan Air -

IPA) and Waste Water Treatment Installation (Instalasi

Pengolahan Air Limbah - IPAL).

In order to maintain consistency, why not named it as Solid

Waste Treatment Instalation (Instalasi Pengolahan Sampah - IPS)?

Furthermore, IPS' main purpose is to treat solid waste, not to gener-

ate electricity. Electricity product or other usable product will only

represent side products of the solid waste treatment itself. By usingthe term IPS, the function of solid waste treatment will be more gen-

eral, which is to treat/manage the solid waste.

Controlled Combustion

The technology used by PLTSa Gede Bage is controlled com-

bustion. PLTSa is designed to treat the capacity of 500 ton/day

or equal with the service of 850 thousand people of Kota

Bandung. While the solid waste generated in Kota Bandung with

2.6 million people (in the year 2007) is around 1,600 ton/day.

In this case, PLTSa Gede Bage will treat approximately 30

percent solid waste generated by Kota Bandung every day. TheGovernment of Kota Bandung is still have to find ways to treat

the other 70 percent of the solid waste that are not managed by

the PLTSa.

Solid waste from the solid waste disposal locations, such as

settlements, commercial, offices, industrials, until tourism

areas, will be transported by garbage truck. Solid waste collect-

ing which is normally done by garbage cart will be then trans-

ported to the Temporary Disposal Point (Lokasi Penampungan

Sementara - LPS).

INSIGHT

By Sandhi Eko Bramono, S.T., MEnvEngSc. *)


Solid Waste Management

Technology in PLTSa Gede

A banner contains support for PLTSa Gede Bage development in front of

Balubur Market, Bandung. Source: Exclusive


19/56

Garbage trucks will transport the collected solid waste to

PLTSa Gede Bage to be treated. There are zoning of solid waste

services of which will be treated by PLTSa, while the rest that

have not included in the service area will be transported to the

Final Disposal (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir - TPA) of Kota

Bandung.Solid waste that will be treated in PLTSa is collected in a

large temporary solid waste bin, with the role such as reservoir.

The solid waste will be placed there for 2-3 days, to guarantee

continuous and constant supply to PLTSa. Without the bin, solid

waste supply will fluctuate, sometimes there will be plenty of

solid waste, and sometimes there will only be small volume of

waste. This must be avoided to maintain process performance.

After collected in the bin, solid waste will be milled to ensure

uniform and smaller size prior to the combustion chamber. After

being milled, solid waste will be transported into the combustion

chamber with the temperature of 600-800 Celsius degree to

reduce solid waste volume into ashes with residual volume of

only 10 percent. The process will then continue with the second

combustion chamber with temperature of 800-1000 Celsius

degree to guarantee gas perfection as the result of combustion of

the first combustion chamber.

In the combustion chambers, solid waste is also blown from

below and above by air supply and also moved by some kind of

stoker to mix solid waste, air, and fire in the combustion cham-

ber. The ash produced by the combustion process in both cham-

bers will be collected in the bottom part of the combustion

chambers, and transported by a conveyor to be collected in se-

parated place, and disposed in TPA.

Approximately 90 percent of solid waste volume has con-

verted into gas which may still contain dangerous pollutant.

Therefore, the produced gas is flowed into air pollution control

unit to decrease the content of particulates, carbon monoxide

(CO), sulfuric oxide (SOx), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and various

heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Zn, etc.)

Particulates will be trapped by cyclone and wet scrubber that

will trap particulate centrifugally by contact with water. This

process will remove up to 90 percent particulates. Gases such as

SOx, NOx, and heavy metals will be removed in both air pollu-

tion control devices.

Removal performance of pollutants is enhanced by bag

house filter that will filter residual particle, thus quality of the

disposed gas will be better. CO gas will be controlled in the com-

bustion chamber with temperature control, control of air being

blown, and also a more intensive solid waste mixing.

From the eye of the law in Indonesia, controlled solid waste

combustion known as incineration refers to KABAPEDAL

Decree No 03/BAPEDAL/09/1995 on emission standard for sta-

tionary sources, including incinerator.

Main standard of pollutants are particulate (must be less

than 350 mg/m3), nitrogen oxide in the form of nitrogen diox-

ide (must be less than 1000 mg/m3), sulfuric oxide in the form

of sulfuric dioxide (must be less than 800 mg/m3), and smoke

density known as opacity (must be less than 35 percent).All solid waste combustion operating in Indonesia must refer

to the regulation, to be able to provide relatively minimum envi-

ronmental impact on human health, accordingly with the stan-

dard set by the Government of Indonesia.

Environmental Impact

All human activities are guaranteed to provide environmen-

tal impact, either favorable or adverse for environment.

Improper PLTSa operation in term of the applied technical and

law principles will cause PLTSa to be new pollutant source that

will endanger health of both human and environment.Impact of the untreated disposed gas will be dangerous air

pollutant. However, if PLTSa is properly operated, solid waste

problems will be well overcome, with job fields that will absorb

plenty of workers, solid waste experts will be able to practice

their knowledge in order to solve solid waste havoc in Indonesia,

able to produce electricity and ashes that can be used as road

aggregates, without having to sacrifice environment.

In other words, PLTSa can be boomerang for the environ-

ment, but can also be environment rescuer. It is up to the

Government of Kota Bandung and the community to provide

active role in the success of PLTSa operation.Among pros and cons of PLTSa Gede Bage development, it is

important for us to see good intention of Kota Bandung

Government in their serious effort to manage solid waste.

Numbers of technologies have been applied in the past, we have

to admit that they have not succeeded in managing solid waste

in this city, that once receive predicate of the dirtiest city from

Environmental Ministry, due to the solid waste emergency in the

year 2006.

As far as there is serious effort from Kota Bandung

Government, professional operation of PLTSa, and objective

and honest scientific review regarding readiness level of techni-

cal-technological-socio-economy-cultural sectors of PLTSa Gede

Bage, why should we not ready to see PLTSa as new break-

through in the solid waste world of Indonesia?

*) writer is a doctoral program student in Division of

Environmental Science and Engineering, National University of

Singapore (NUS), Singapore.

Writer contact: [email protected]

INSIGHT

17PercikAugust 2008


20/56

Survey and analysis of new raw water source quest for cus-

tomer consumption must always consider aspects in

relation with water quality, other than maximum water

capacity (debit). Quality consideration will provide information

regarding the nature of raw water physically, chemically, or bac-

teriological, that may cause problems in customer's health, or

increment of cost production because the water requires

advance quality improvement.

In this article, the writer will only discuss consideration with

regards to raw water collection in relation with underground

water (well) quality for consumption/distribution/sale to the

customer. The article may suit more as information regarding

quantity condition of the raw water that is more and more limit-

ed, caused by more scarce and more polluted surface water that

eventually people are looking for raw water alternatives, in the

city area in particular, of underground water (well).

From the writer's experience in conducting research, test,

and analysis of the underground water, either physically, chemi-

cally, or bacteriologic, underground water is very similar with

the surface water in term of water capacity and quality. Wellwater capacity decreased quickly during the dry season, and cu-

rrent quality is relatively polluted. In the picture we can see that

well water is physically clear during sampling, however, after

chemical test, the sample contains relatively high Iron (Fe) and

Manganese (Mn), and not qualified as clean water/drinking

water.

Pollution indication, as far as the writer knows, especially

from bacteriologic analysis, is always show numbers of Coli and

Eschericia Coli bacteria. The same with chemical parameters

that always show content of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn),

with different concentration depends on sampling locations.Absence of Iron and Manganese components in the water is

usually followed by content of other chemical components that

still in compliance with the standard of clean/drinking water,

which means that the raw water is relatively not polluted in term

of chemical.

Theoretically, Iron content is usually quite common in

underground water, which is not the case for Manganese compo-

nent. However, Iron content usually followed by Manganese

content. Water contains Iron and Manganese can still be used as

clean water if the concentration is still under the maximum stan-

dard allowed (see: Table).

INSIGHT


Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn)

Content of Underground Water

No

1.

2.

3.

4.

Minimum/maximum Standard

6,5 - 8,5 6,5 - 8,5

0,3 1,0

0,1 0,5

Clear Clear

Drinking water Clean waterParameter

pH (acidity level)

Iron Level (ppm)

Manganese Level (ppm)

Visually

By: Ir. Iyus Yusup

KaSubag. Water Quality Laboratorium

PDAM Tirta Bumi Wibawa Kota Sukabumi

Staff of PDAM Tirta Bumi Wibawa Kota Sukabumi is collecting raw water in the

treatment location. Source: Exclusive.

MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF IRON AND MANGANESE INCLEAN/DRINKING WATER

Source: SK. Menkes No. 907/Menkes/SK/2002 for Clean Water and Drinking Water


21/56

It can also be explained that Iron and

Manganese elements are in the form of

minerals that originally not dissolved

(Fe3+ and Mn4+), thus anaerobic condi-

tion in the soil (low oxygen) of the ele-

ments will be reduced into valented ion ofFe2+ and Mn4+ thus dissolved in the

water (see: Matrix of Iron elements form

in the water).

From several research literatures,

Fe2+ and Mn4+ can be compounded with

Bicarbonate, Sulfur, and Hydrogen

Sulfide (H2S), thus from aesthetic aspect,

especially color and odor, is less attractive

and complained by water user.

Iron and Manganese elements with

relatively large concentration (mg/l) in

the water will provide the following

impacts on individual, industrial, or com-

pany's water supply system:

1. Will cause clogging in the pipe

installation system caused directly

by iron deposit, and indirectly by

iron bacteria. These bacteria will

increase friction (losses) which in

turn will increase energy require-

ment. If degradation occurs,

unpleasant odor and taste will also

occur in the water.

2. Iron and Manganese elements in

large concentration of some mg/l

(parts per million/ppm) will cause

metal taste or medicine odor.

3. In ion exchanger process, Iron and

Manganese deposit will clog or cover

ion exchange media (resin) that will

cause losses of ion exchange capaci-

ty.

4. Causing complaints from the cos-tumer (as in red water case) when

Iron and Manganese deposit accu-

mulated in the pipe is re-suspended

caused by debit or pressure incre-

ment in the distributing pipe, thus

deposit will be carried to the cus-

tomer.

5. Iron and Manganese elements will

cause unclear appearance on the

water and leaving stain on clothes

that were washed by this water, thusis least expected by the water user.

6. Leaving brownish stain caused by

Iron element and blackish stain

caused by Manganese element in the

tub and other equipments.

7. Metal deposit can also caused prob-

lems in the water supply system of

individual, industrial, or company

such as PDAM.

INSIGHT

19PercikAugust 2008

Matrix of Iron elements form in the water

Piping system to collect raw water from water source to be channeled to the reservoir. Pic: Bowo Leksono

Total Iron

Iron II

Free Free

Deposit- Fe(OH)3- OtherDeposit

Organic Complex- Asam humus- Asam fulfik

Mineral Complex- Silikat- Fosfat

Dissolved/dispersed Iron(escaped from filter)

Deposit Iron (trapped in the filter)

Dissolved- Fe2+

- FeOH+

Deposit- FeS2- FeCO3- Fe(OH)2

Complex Form

Iron III


22/56

Some area are proud and become

inspiration for other area to

remain confidence that WSES

development will be able to be the trigger

factor of community prosperity level. In

sense, WSES development that basically

provide easier access -whether simply

bringing the clean water closer or provide

the service to the households- will pre-

sent direct and indirect results that will

able to increase community's revenue,

health, education, etc.

The outcome of clean water facility

development, which above paper will be

able to increase prosperity, has been truly

proven with clean water facility develop-

ment in Tetaf Village of Kabupaten Timor

Tengah Selatan (TTS) which was facilita-

ted by ProAir Program, a grant from the

Government of Germany. The article is a

gift from the trip made by documentermovie team of WSES Policy Operation in

TTS Kabupaten of which most shooting

was taken in Tetaf Village, Kecamatan

Amanuban Barat, Kabupaten Timor

Tengah Selatan.

Poor Tetaf Village

In general, Tetaf Village is categorized

as poor. The main living is farming of sea-

sonal crops, such as corn as their main

plant, and vegetables such as eggplant,chili, cabbage, cress, etc. People also

plant coconut, sirih, banana, mango,

mahoni, acacia, which partly grow by

nature, and other parts are grown inten-

tionally.

Truthfully, when we enter Tetaf

Village, we won't see any poverty impres-

sion, because as far as the eyes can see,

green plants scattered everywhere, which

indicates soil fertility and abundant

crops. However, in reality, the people of

Tetaf Village are in general still under

poverty line. Their daily revenue and con-

sumption level (nutrition) is still low.

Most kids are going to school with barefeet, some of them with mucus showing

on their nose as indication of low revenue

and lack of nutrient.

Their houses are still using simple

materials; roof from leafs (thatch), pillars

from rough woods, and floor from dirt.

Only small numbers of houses with

cemented walls, zinc roof, and tiled floor.

This is general depiction of prosperity

level in Tetaf Village.

ProAir Clean Water Program

Thorough WSES Program funded by

the Government of Germany through

GTZ and KFW -with criteria such as

water resource availability, willingness to

contribute in cash for the maintenance

fund, statement of interest to be facilitated,

etc- has chosen Tetaf Village to acquire

WSES facilities development facilitation.

The program known as ProAir is con-

sistently applied national policies princi-

ples, in initiation phase, planning, deve-

lopment, and post development (mainte-

nance) phase.

Because the objective is more on com-

munity empowerment through WSES

development, it is not surprising that dur-

ing preparation phase, community needs

longer time - much longer than the time

needed for physical construction -

because public facilitation is dedicated

more to change the way of thinking,

behavior, and attitude of the people,

especially understanding (affective), atti-

tude (cognitive), and behavior (psy-

chomotor) in relation with clean water as

economic and social property, as well as

management to sustain continuity.

ProAir in NTT has been started since

the end of 2003 in three kabupatens of

Kabupaten Sumba Barat, Sumba Timur,

and Timor Tengah Selatan. At first, the

program is relatively difficult to apply

because it is a development program that

applies need-based principles which con-

sist of the idea of prioritizing communi-

ty's role as the main actor of the develop-

ment. 11 points of complete National

Policy Principles of WSES Development

are applied consistently.

The problem is that NTT people as the

development target are poor people,whereas ProAir firmly applied condition

that the people must provide cash contri-

bution as maintenance fund of the facili-

ty. In the national policy, this refers to the

cost recovery principle.

Obligation to provide cash contribu-

tion in the early stage of ProAir activity

has caused conflict. On one side there is

opinion that "community is capable of

paying cash contribution" while on the

other side, there is opinion that "commu-nity will not be able to pay cash contribu-

tion due to the poverty".

Those who think that poor people

cannot pay asked that cash contribution

of the community can be done by convert-

ing man energy and local material dona-

tions into rupiah, while on the other side,

those who think that community is capa-

ble to pay, insisted that community will

INSIGHT

In The Next Five Years, Tetaf Village

Will Become Prosperous Village


By Alma Arief and

Dormaringan Saragih

WASPOLA Consultant


23/56

be able to put aside their revenue or wealth in form of cash or

materials (such as livestock, jacquards, etc) little by little.

Latter on, what ProAir has done prove that the community is

capable. However to change paradigm from "always receiving

instant packages" into "involved in decision making of every

phase of development, even asked for cash contribution"requires a very long time. Various facilitation to explain proce-

dure of proposing ideas of clean water development facilitation

along with conditions, explanation of the benefit of water facili-

ty, obligation of providing cash contribution for maintenance of

the facility, technical training of facility maintenance, PHBS

campaign to change the way of life, utilization of time and ener-

gy after easy access to the water, etc, are given intensively.

In every facilitated village, ProAir is able to collect cash con-

tribution and monthly fee. In TTS, the number of money collect-

ed from cash contribution before construction is begun and

monthly fee until September 2007 is shown below:

Willingness of the poor community in providing cash contri-

bution and monthly fee is also break the myth that poor people

cannot pay. With intensive facilitation, structured organization

of all activities with proper administration, every problem can be

overcome. Community in the villages facilitated by ProAir,

whether those who live in TTS, Sumba Timur, or Sumba Barat,

are able to execute all points of the national policy. And now,

they have started to feel the result of the water facility develop-

ment.

Synergy with the Agriculture Agency

When access to clean water is started to be enjoyed by the

community, they then have extra time and energy compare to

the past where most of the time and energy is being used to

obtain clean water for their need. The change happened to-

gether with Agriculture Agency who facilitates Tangerine (Soe)

Orange seed distribution.

That synergy (whether planned or not) is accepted with openarms by the people who now have extra time and energy. In

Tetaf Village, community is now plant Tangerine Orange in the

area of 70 hectares with orange plants of 30 thousand trees,

while in OeUe Village, OeUe farmer group with 20 household

members, are now planting 7,200 trees in the area of 18

hectares.

Closure

Water facility development, whether simply bringing the

water closer or to provide service to the household, do present

power to increase prosperity of the people. In Tetaf Village,

Kecamatan Amanuban Barat, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan,

the community with extra time and energy, accepted govern-

ment offers (Agriculture Agency) with open arms to plant

oranges in their land.

It seems just the matter of time to see the people to harvest

the oranges with smile on their faces while singing local songs.Kids go to school in the morning, with tidy clothes and shoes.

However, this hope still leaves question; has the people ready to

welcome abundant harvest? Have post harvest technologies

been prepared? Have post harvest institutions been prepared?

How about the market capacity, and where? How to handle com-

petition with products from other area? Have the people protect-

ed from monopoly of wholesaler from Kupang who are said to

buy the harvest in wholesale? There are still other questions of

which policy intervention requires to synergize potencies of the

related institutions.

INSIGHT

21PercikAugust 2008

No Name of Group/Village Amount per September 2007

1

2

3

Nekmese-OeUe (Tetaf Village)

Heimituin-Oemofun

Kofi Tel - Nefokoko

Rp 16.547.054

Rp 15.597.991

Rp 40.211.395

Source: Dok/ProAir


24/56

Participative learning is generally

believed as a long process, where

to facilitate, days even weeks are

required. In reality, many programs do

not have that long of time. Many pro-

grams can only allocate one day or even

less than one day to introduce and

acquire initial agreement from the com-

munity.

In such condition, most field faci-

litators finally chose the non-partici-

pative ways when talking to the com-

munity. They invited the people and

give out speech. If the ability of public

speaking facilitator has not as

advance as Bung Karno, Gede Prama,

AA Gym or ot her gr ea t orat or ,

unavoidably, lots of people disappear

since the fifth minute.

Brief Participative Learning (PPS)

is a community learning method

established by John Hopkins Uni-

ve rs it y/ Ce nt er fo r Co mm un ic at io n

Program Indonesia (JHU/CCP In-

donesia) since 2006 from various dis-

cussion facilitation experiences of

community group, both con-

ducted by CCP or its partners.

PPS is actually learning agreat deal from previous known

participative techniques. The dif-

ferent is that PPS is also purposed

on accommodating interest of the

program to quickly introduce numbers

of messages to the community groups

and acquire initial agreement regarding

the program to be implemented.

Brief but Participative

Even though brief, PPS highly respect

participative principles in the learning

process with the basic thinking that par-

ticipative space will below community's

knowledge to be latter circulated between

participants, including facilitator. Partici-

pative space will build community accept-

ance on alternative knowledge that has

been identified together. Knowledge

acceptance will latter greatly helped to

build sense of ownership of the program.

PPS has four important components,

namely conducive communication situa-

tion, individual participation, generalreflection, and strengthened general

recall power. The four components need

to be developed systematically and inte-

grated, as illustrated below.

Such as shown in the diagram, build-

ing communicative situation is a compo-

nent that needs to be developed in the

ongoing process. Communicative situa-

tion will bring about comfort on the par-

ticipants to participate and accept new

knowledge as the result of discussion.

When communicative situation is built,

individual participation is more likely to

rise.

When individual participation is ade-

quate, process of general reflection will be

able to be done to enrich community with

alternative knowledge. In the end, in

order for the alternative knowledge to

remain in memory, participants are

helped to recall alternative knowledge

they acquire from their own experience

and knowledge.

PPS Stages

a. Build communicative situation

Build informal communication

before discussion session is started.

When approaching all participants

is not possible, focus on small num-

bers of participants (approximately

1/5 of total participants)

Introduce yourself and the team

briefly and presents the purpose and

message that commonly conveyedby fellow facilitators such as, this

session is a session to learn

together, everybody is teacher and

everybody is students.

During discussion, show apprecia

tion to the participants as source of

knowledge.

Follow the flow of discussion while

elegantly encourage passive partici-

INSIGHT

Knowing Brief Participative Learning

(Pembelajaran Partisipatif Singkat- PPS)

Bangun Situasi Komunikatif

Dorong

partisipasiindividual

Refleksi

bersama

Perkuat

ingatan

bersama

By

Risang Rimbatmaja

(Researcer at JHU/CCP Indonesia)

Encourageindividual

participation

BUILDINGCOMMUNICATION SITUATION

Strengthengeneral

recall power

Generalreflection



25/56

pants to speak up and controlled

those who talk too much.

After discussion, build informal dis-

cussion with more participants.

Say thank you on the process of

learning together.

b. Encourage individual participa-

tion

Toss interesting question that is easy

to answer by all participants, such as

things that they recently encoun-

tered. Toss 2-3 easy questions before

tossing more difficult question

(around knowledge or attitude).

Use pictures and other tools to facil-

itate individual assessment.

c. General reflection

Perform games and show various

pictures to raise indirect alternative

knowledge.

Encourage participants to practice,

analyze, and interpret alternative

knowledge.

Encourage participants to compare

common knowledge with their own

interpretation of various games and

pictures that inspire alternative

Water and Sanitation Networking. PERCIK. Indonesia Water and Sanitation Magazine. August 2008

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