Unit 8 Nonrenewable Resources
Dec 26, 2015
Unit 8
Nonrenewable Resources
Energy Shortages
The United States uses more energy per person that any other country in the world except Canada and The United Arab Emirates
In the 1970s, the US went through an energy crisis Organization of Arab Exporting
Petroleum Countries (OPEC) placed an embargo on crude oil exported to the US
Effects
1. Gasoline was rationed Odd/Even Rationing
2. Schools and industries were shut down3. Congress passed the Energy Policy and
Conservation Act to find better energy sources
4. Car manufacturers were required to create cars that were more fuel efficient
5. Oil went from $3.00 a barrel to $32.00 a barrel (=42gallons)
overnight The embargo was lifted March 1974
when the US worked with Arab nations on policy change
By the 1980s, the crisis was forgotten by many but it is still an issue today
Recent Energy Shortages
Hurricane Sandy occurred in October, 2012 Affected 8 countries and killed 233
people Damage from the storm costs ~$68
billion in the United States Affected 24 states- flooding, damage to
property, power outages
Gas Rationing For 5 days following Hurricane Sandy, NY
and NJ initiated a gas rationing systems and put a price freeze on gas prices Headlines and quotes from News Articles
following the storm
LOOK: Major Gas Shortage Bring Insane 1970s-Style Lines At The Pump"If you don't have electricity,'' Tanis
said, "everything is dead.''
New York Learned Oil Supply Lesson The Hard
Way
Only 25 percent of our gas stations we estimate are open. Drivers are still facing long lines, frustrations are only growing, and now it appears that shortages there will be shortages for possibly another couple of weeks,” Bloomberg said in the statement.
After Sandy, NY Creating Gas Reserve To Prevent Shortages
Headlines from Newspapers after Hurricane Sandy
Nonrenewable Resources
Is a material or energy source that cannot be replaced during the time of a human life span
Most of the energy we use is from nonrenewable resources- oil, natural gas and coal
Nonrenewable resources are also called fossil fuels because they were laid down millions of years ago from preserved fossils
Coal
Forms from the remains of plants that lived in swamps Much of the coal in the US formed over 250
million years ago Coal mining is very damaging to the
environment Air and water pollution Noise pollution Subsidence- collapse of the ground above a
mining area
Coal
A natural dark brown to black graphite like material used as a fuel; consisting of carbon with various organic and some inorganic compounds.
How much is Left?
There is ~250 years worth of coal left in the world Although this number is misleading
because the use of coal will increase as other fossil fuels run out
China is the leading nation in coal use burning 2.3 billion tons a year
Natural Gas
Results from the decay of aquatic algae that accumulated on the bottom of lakes and oceans millions of years ago Natural gas is methane (CH4)
A series of underground pipes are used to transport natural gas across the country
Facts:
It has 50% more heat energy than coal and 30% more than oil and is the cleanest burning fossil fuel
Natural gas is colorless and odorless but a sulfur smelling odor is added so leaks can be detected
At our current rate of usage, we have about 60-65 years worth of natural gas left
Oil
Formed the same way natural gas is When oil is pumped from the
ground it is called crude oil or petroleum
Oil accounts for 40% of the total US energy needs and 96% of our transportation costs
Other Uses
Crude Oil is used to create the raw materials for many products Plastics, Aspirin, bubble gum,
deodorants, detergents, perfumes, shoes, soft contact lenses
Petroleum is pumped from under ground
Petroleum needs to be refined to create oil and gasoline for daily uses
How Much is Left?
At our current rate of use, the United States will stop producing oil within 20-25 years and we will be completely dependent on foreign oil
Most experts agree, there is between 60-65 years left of oil
No large oil reserves have been discovered in the past decade
Impact of Fossil Fuels
As our supplies of oil and natural gas decrease, the demand for coal will increase
Most of the coal used for energy in the US comes from PA
Mining
Open Pit Mining – machines dig large hole in the ground to remove the ore Sand, gavel and building stone are also
removed this way Strip mining – huge bulldozers and other
machines are used to clear away large strips of the Earth’s surface Phosphate rock which is used to make fertilizer
and chemicals is mined this way.
Open Pit Mining
Negative Impacts of Mining
1. Air pollution2. Noise pollution3. Water contamination4. Habitat destruction5. Erosion and sedimentation6. Soil degradation (losing nutrients)7. Subsidence (sinkholes)8. Underground Mine Fires
- Centralia, PA burning since 1962
Mines in the US, collectively, produce more waste water then all American cities and towns
Lower Impact Mining
Reclamation is the process of returning the land back to its original condition after mining
It is required on all public land, some states require it on private land as well
Recycling minerals is another way to reduce the effects of mining Recycle products containing aluminum,
copper and iron
Natural Gas and Oil Extraction
The pumping and production of both these fossil fuels have dangers (more to come) Explosions Leaks Fires
The burning of all fossil fuels release carbon dioxide the atmosphere and contribute to greenhouse gases accumulating in the atmosphere
Summarizing Questions (15 points)
1. Why are oil, coal and natural gas referred to as fossil fuels?
2. Which is the “cleanest” fossil fuel? Why does it have this distinction?