Energy Nonrenewable Energy Resources. Energy Energy Resources U.S. has 4.6% of world population; uses 24% of the world’s energy 84% from nonrenewable.

Energy

Nonrenewable Energy Resources

Energy Energy Resources

U.S. has 4.6% of world population; uses 24% of the world’s energy

84% from nonrenewable fossil fuels (oil, coal, & natural gas)

7% from nuclear power

9% from renewable sources (hydropower, geothermal, solar, biomass)

Energy Energy Resources

Energy Energy Resources

United States Global

Energy Concepts Energy Resources

Oil: Petroleum (crude oil) is a thick and gooey liquid consisting of hundreds of combustible hydrocarbons along with small amounts of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen impurities

Coal: A solid fossil fuel formed in several stages as buried remains of land plants that lived 300-400 mya. Mostly carbon with small amounts of sulfur impurities

Natural Gas: A mixture of 50%-90% by volume of methane, which is the simplest hydrocarbon. Also contains ethane, propane, and butane

Uranium: Uranium hexafluoride (UF6), referred to as "hex" in the nuclear industry, is a compound used in the uranium enrichment process that produces fuel for nuclear reactors

Energy Oil

Location (world): Middle East (OPEC 67%)

Location (US): Gulf of Mexico, Gulf Coast (3% of world reserves)

Availability projections (US reserves): 10-48 years

Availability projections (world): 42-93 years

Advantages: Abundant, convenient, relatively low cost, High net energy yield , and Efficient distribution system

Disadvantages: Dependant on foreign oil, running out, emissions, pollution, low prices encourage waste. At current rate, we will run out in 53 years

Energy Oil

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) -- 13 countries have 67% world reserves

Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, & Venezuela

Energy Oil

Energy Oil (Economy)

Energy Oil (Usage World Wide)

Energy Oil (Refining)

Energy Coal

Location (world): China, Russia (60%)

Location (US): (25% of world supply) Eastern areas of US: Montana, Utah, Arizona and southern areas of mid-west

Availability projections (US reserves): 300 at current rates (64 years with 4% increase)

Availability projections (world):400+ years if new reserves are found and current rate of usage

Advantages: most abundant fossil fuel, high energy, US has large supply

Disadvantages: health concerns, high pollution when burned, high in sulfur, releases mercury

Energy Coal

Coal exists in many forms therefore a chemical formula cannot be written for it

Coalification: After plants died they underwent chemical decay to form a product known as peat

Over many years, thick peat layers formed

Peat is converted to coal by geological events such as land subsidence which subject the peat to great pressures and temperatures

Energy Coalifcation

Energy Coal

Energy Coal Deposits World

Energy Coal Deposits U.S.

Energy Coal

Pros Most abundant fossil fuel Major U.S. reserves 300 yrs. at current consumption rates High net energy yield

Cons Dirtiest fuel, highest carbon dioxide Major environmental degradation (High environmental impact) Major threat to health Primarily strip-mined

Energy Coal Refining

Coal gasification → Synthetic natural gas (SNG)

Coal liquefaction → Liquid fuels (Gasoline)

Disadvantage Costly High environmental impact Processes release more CO2 than burning coal does

Energy Natural Gas

Location (world): Russia (31%), Middle East (24%)

Location (US): (3%) Gulf coast, above crude oil

Availability projections (US reserves): 55-80 years

Availability projections (world): 62-125 (and up to 200 years with unconventional)

Advantages: Can be transported easily, lower pollution than other fossil fuels, high energy yield

Disadvantages: running out, greenhouse gas released, explosive (especially in liquid form)

Energy Natural Gas

Russia & Kazakhstan - almost 40% of world's supply

Iran (15%), Qatar (5%), Saudi Arabia (4%), Algeria (4%), United States (3%), Nigeria (3%), Venezuela (3%)

90–95% of natural gas in U.S. domestic (~411,000 km = 255,000 miles of pipeline)

Experts predict increased use of natural gas during this century

Energy Natural Gas

Mixture 50–90% Methane (CH4)

Ethane (C2H6)

Propane (C3H8)

Butane (C4H10)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

Energy Natural Gas Lines U.S.

Energy Natural Gas Demand

Energy Recap