Objectives - Nonrenewable Describe nonrenewable energy consumption. Describe the production of energy from oil and natural gas. Describe nonrenewable.

Objectives - NonrenewableObjectives - Nonrenewable

Describe nonrenewable energy consumption.

Describe the production of energy from oil and natural gas.

Describe nonrenewable energy consumption.

Describe the production of energy from oil and natural gas.

Important Nonrenewable Energy SourcesImportant Nonrenewable Energy Sources

Fig. 15-10 p. 350Fig. 15-10 p. 350

World

Nuclear power 6%

Hydropower, geothermal,solar, wind

7%

NaturalGas12%

Biomass11%

Oil32%

Coal21%

Evaluating Energy ResourcesEvaluating Energy Resources Renewable vs. nonrenewable Renewable vs. nonrenewable

Future availability Future availability Net energy yield Net energy yield

Cost Cost Environmental effects Environmental effects

Fig. 15-12 p. 351

Back to the Future!Back to the Future!

Year

210020251950187518000

20

40

60

80

100

Con

trib

utio

n to

tot

al e

nerg

yco

nsum

ptio

n (p

erce

nt)

Wood

Coal

Oil

Nuclear

HydrogenSolar

Natural gas

OilOil

Petroleum (crude v heavy crude)

Petroleum (crude v heavy crude)

35% economical (more with higher prices)

35% economical (more with higher prices)

Petrochemicals - byproducts

Petrochemicals - byproducts

Refining Refining Transporting –

net energy

Transporting – net energy

Oil SuppliesOil SuppliesOPEC – 67% global reservesOPEC – 67% global reservesUS – 3% reserves; Uses 26% of

production

US – 3% reserves; Uses 26% of production

Supplies declining

Supplies declining

Oil

(mill

ion

bar

rels

pe r

da y

) 60

50

30

20

10

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year

40

20200

History Projections

Domestic Supply

Consumption

Energy crisis?

Energy crisis?

How Long Will the Oil Party Last? How Long Will the Oil Party Last?

• Saudi Arabia could supply the world with oil for about 10 years.

• The Alaska’s North Slope could meet the world oil demand for 6 months (U.S.: 3 years).

• Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge would meet the world demand for 1-5 months (U.S.: 7-25 months)

How Long Will the Oil Party Last? How Long Will the Oil Party Last?

• We have three options:

– Look for more oil.

–Use or waste less oil.

–Use something else.

Oil Advantages and DisadvantagesOil Advantages and Disadvantages

Low land use

Easily transportedwithin and between countries

High netenergy yield

Low cost (withhuge subsidies)

Ample supply for42–93 years

Advantages

Moderate waterpollution

Releases CO2 when burned

Air pollutionwhen burned

Artificially low price encourageswaste and discourages search for alternatives

Need to findsubstitute within50 years

Disadvantages

Efficient distribu-tion system

Oil Shale and Tar SandOil Shale and Tar SandOil shale - rock Oil shale - rock

Low net energy Low net energy

Tar sand Tar sand

Fig. 15-28 p. 361Fig. 15-28 p. 361

Low grade Low grade

Large supplies Large supplies

Natural GasNatural Gas

50-90% methane50-90% methaneDrilled with oilDrilled with oilLarger suppliesLarger suppliesCleanerCleaner

Fig. 15-29 p. 362Fig. 15-29 p. 362

Synfuel

How Would You Vote?How Would You Vote?• Do the advantages of relying on

conventional oil as the world’s major energy resource outweigh its disadvantages?

• http://tinyurl.com/oilquestions

Objectives – Nonrenewable EnergyObjectives – Nonrenewable Energy

Objectives - NonrenewableObjectives - Nonrenewable

Describe nonrenewable energy consumption.

Describe the production of energy from oil and natural gas.

Describe nonrenewable energy consumption.

Describe the production of energy from oil and natural gas.