Plenary Minggu Ke 2

8/12/2019 Plenary Minggu Ke 2

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MODULE 2SCENARIO: A MOTHER Anxiety

Mrs. Erna 28 years is very worrying to see the

development of their children, because its development doesnot comply with age. Besides his son seemed very crowdedlooked a little swollen. He visited the family doctor statingthat the child was suffering from congenital heart defects,where there is a shunt from left ventricle to right ventricle of

the heart."Oh deserve anankku looks crowded and blue," said Mrs.Erna. This is because he still remembered the high schoollesson that says that between right and left heart are limitedby a thick septum. "It's definitely not like my blood circulation

blood circulation normal children", thought Mrs. Erna.How do you explain the situation of children Mrs. Ernabased on embryology and anatomy?


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LEARNING OBJECTIVE

Students are able to explain:

1. Cardiac embryology2. Anatomy of the heart and blood

vessels

3. Cardiovascular system4. Lymph system

5. Abnormalities of the cardiovascular

system


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CARDIAC EMBRYOLOGY

Occurred in the middle third week

This growth occurred because:

embryo grows larger, so that the food

received in the diffusion of the parent is notsufficient anymore

at present, the embryo requires the blood

supply of the heart, blood vessels for growthThe development of the heart are very

complex, having to work perfectly before

growth.


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INITIAL PHASE

- The cells of mesenchyme in the mesoderm layersplanchicus multiply and form groups angiogenesik

separate from each other

- The group was originally located on the left side of the

embryo, but quickly spread to the head- The group then hollow, unite and form the fabric of small

blood vessels that shaped hoof

- front center of the fabric is known as cardiogenic

region. Coelomic cavity thereon intraembrional whicheventually evolved into the pericardium cavity

- On day 19, from embryonic mesoderm will form two

tubules endokardial

- On day 21, these tubules unite to form primitive tubulescordis


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These tubules develop into:

Sinus venous

Primitive atriumPrimitive ventricle

Cardiac bulbus

On day 22 the heart started beating


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AT WEEK FIVE:

- Tubular cardiac bend and fold- Cardiac bulbus pushed to the inferior

and anterior and the right embryo

- Primitive ventricle moves to the left

- Primitive atrium and sinus venous

switch to the superior and posterior- With this, on day 28, S-shaped

tubules cardiac


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Growth occurred in the heart of a huge 5-8

weeks

Tubular heart develops with sectional so asto form:

- 4 rooms (2 atria and 2 ventricles)

- blood vessels that exit and enter the

heart

Septum is formed by:

growth of active tissue mass and toward each

otheractive growth of a single mass that continues

to expand

Error growth in the current cause congenital

heart abnormalities


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Interatrial septum

Dividing the top left and right atriumConsisting of: Primum septum and septum sekundum whichoverlap each otherBoth parts are related to the mass of tissue called bearingendokardium

- Holes between the sheets and pads under the septum Primumendokardium called ostium Primum- In subsequent developments, the development will close theostium endokardium pillow Primum

- Hole in the septum secundum is called the foramen ovale- Part of the septum Primum gradually disappear, the remainingpart into the foramen ovale valve- Blood flow through this gap from the right atrium to the left andpushing the septum to the left Primum


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After birth (the lungs begin to function)

Blood from the left atrial septum Primum

encourage and sekundum and close the

interatrial septumWhat remains of the basin at the inter atrial

septum is called: Fossa ovalis


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Interventricular septum: By the end of the fourth

week, both simple ventricle began to widen

Septation atrioventrikularis: Valve

atrioventrikulare, muskulus papillary, andchordae tendine derived from ventricular floor

Formation of the valves atrioventrikuler

Septation in the trunk arteriosus and cardiaccone

Development of valve semilunaris

Septation in the trunk arteriosus and cardiac

cone


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ANATOMY OF THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS

HEART

The form of a hollow tool

Form: Pyramid

Large: for boxingWeight: 280-340 g (male)

230-280 g (female)

Basic: called basePeak: called Apex


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Heart comprised:Atrium dextraThe left atriumVentricular dextra

The left ventricleParts of the heart

Basis cordisApex cordis

Surfaces (facies)Edge (margo)Grooves (sulcus)


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LAYER HEART

pericardium: heart wrapping layer, there are

two kinds of1) visceral pericardium: heart wrapperattached to the heart tissue

2) parietal pericardium: heart wrapperwhich is adjacent to outer parietalpericardium pericardial cavum: visceralis cavity betweenthe pericardium and parietal pericardium heart wall consists of three layers:

1. Epikardium: lapissan heart outermost2. Myocardium: heart of the middle layer,composed of cardiac muscle

3. Endokardium: inner layer, lining theheart cavity


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Heart valve comprised of 4 four:

tricuspid valve, mitral or bicuspid valve,

pulmonary valve, aortic valve

Cardiac autonomic nervous system aresupplied by the sympathetic and

parasympathetic nervous


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HISTOLOGY OF HEART

Endocardium

Myocardium

Epikardium.


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HISTOLOGY OF BLOOD VESSEL

Great ArterialMedium Arterial

Small Arterial

Arterioles

Capillary

Large Vein

Medium Vein

Small Vein Venules


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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM


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The major components of the lymphaticsystem are lymphatic vessels, lymph, lymph

nodes, and some other lymphatic organs.

Lymphatic vessels carry lymph, a colorless

liquid, throughout the body. Along lymph

vessels are small bean-shaped glandular

nodules called lymph nodes


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Other lymphatic organs are: Tonsil: clusters of lymphatic tissues just under

the mucous membranes that line the nose,mouth, and pharynx.

Spleen: it is similar to a lymph node in shapeand structure but it is much larger.

Thymus: a soft organ with two lobes that islocated anterior to the ascending aortaandposterior to the sternum.

Peyer patch: lymphoid tissue on the visceralsurface of the small intestine.
http://training.seer.cancer.gov/glossary.htmlhttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/glossary.html


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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

Transport lymphocytes

Bring the fat emulsion from the

intestine Restore fluids and proteins from

tissues into the blood circulation

Filter and destroy microorganisms Produce antibody substances


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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM


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Large Circulatory System

Large blood circulation is thecirculation of blood from the heart to all

parts of the body.

The Scheme:

heart (Ventriculus Sinistra) the whole

body heart (Atrium Dextra)


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Small circulatory system

Small blood circulation is the

circulation of blood from the heart to

the lungs and

back again to the heart.

The scheme:

heart (ventriculus dextra) lungs

Heart (ventriculus sinistra)


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ABNORMALITY OF THE

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

CORONARY HEART

- MYOCARDIAL

- ARRHYTHMIA

- ANGINA PECTORIS

CEREBROVASCULAR

- STROKE

- TRANSIENT ISCHAEMIC ATTACK PERIPHELAR VASCULAR

Plenary Minggu Ke 2

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