Report No. #DTRS 56-94-C-0006 PIPELINE ACCIDENT EFFECTS FOR NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINES Eugene Golub, Ph.D., P.E. Joshua Greenfeld, Ph.D., L.S. Robert Dresnack, Ph.D., P.E. F.H. Bud Griffis, Ph.D., P.E. Louis J. Pignataro, Ph.D., P.E. NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Institute for Transportation 323 Martin Luther King Boulevard Newark, NJ 07102 FINAL REPORT This document is avaiIab~e through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 Prepared for U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Research and Special Programs Administration Office of Pipeline Safety Washington, DC 20590AUGUST 1996
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Report No. #DTRS 56-94-C-0006 PIPELINE ACCIDENT EFFECTS FOR NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINES Eugene Golub, Ph.D., P.E. Joshua Greenfeld, Ph.D., L.S. Robert Dresnack, Ph.D., P.E. F.H. Bud Griffis, Ph.D., P.E. Louis J. Pignataro, Ph.D., P.E. NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Institute for Transportation 323 Martin Luther King Boulevard Newark, NJ 07102 FINAL REPORT This document is avaiIab~e through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 Prepared for U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Research and Special Programs Administration Office of Pipeline Safety Washington, DC 20590AUGUST 1996
NOTICEThis document is disseminated under the sponsorshipof the Department of Transportation in the interest ofinformation exchange. The United States Governmentassumes no liability for the contents or use thereof.
Technical Report Documentation Page1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No.DTRS56-94-C-0006-33. Recipient's Catalog No.4. Title and SubtitlePIPELINE ACCIDENT EFFECTS FOR NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINES5. Report DateAugust 19966. Performing Organization CodeDOT/RSPA/OPS No.7. AuthorsEugene Golub; Joshua Greenfeld; Robert Dresnack; F.H. Bud Griffis;Louis J. Pignataro8. Performing Organization Report . Unit No.9. Performing Organization Name and AddressNEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYInstitute for Transportation323 Martin Luther King Blvd.Newark, NJ 0710210.11. Contract or Grant No.DTRS 56-94-C-000612. Sponsoring Agency Name and AddressU.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONResearch and Special Programs Administration/Office of Pipeline Safety400 7th St. S.W., Rm. 2335Washington, D.C. 2059013. Type of Report and PeriodFinal Report14. Sponsoring AgencyOPS15. Supplementary Notes 16. AbstractFrom an analysis of incident and annual data filed with the Office of Pipeline Safety OPS, the project team identified thefactors that effect accidents on gas pipelines. Since the normalizing of the data was not always possible, the authors ofthis report used indirect and inferential approaches in the analysis. The ALTRN database, the incident database from1970 to 1981, while older and having many errors, was used extensively in this report because it contains much moreinformation than the later PIP and TLEAK database, the incident databases from 1982 to 1994. Also, because theproperty damage threshold for reporting incidents was an order of magnitude lower in ALTRN than in TLEAK, the numberof incidents reported was also an order of magnitude larger. The larger database facilitated the analysis because therewas always a significant number of records to examine containing any of the variables considered.It was found that pipe wall thickness, depth of cover and pipe manufacture are important factors in the occurrence ofincidents.17. Key WordsU.S. and Foreign Pipeline Regulations, Rehabilitation,Retrofitting, Repair, Gas, Hazardous Liquids, Pipeline,Safety, Maintenance, Transmission Lines, Operator,Corrosion, Welding, Urban Areas, Siting, Land Use,Environmental Impact.18. Distribution Statement19. Security Classification of this report 20. Security Classification of this page 21. No. of Pages 22. PriceUnclassified Unclassified 229Form DOT F 1700.7 8-72Reproduction of form and completed page is authorized
TABLE OF CONTENTS1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................1 1 .1 OBsERVATIONS & CONCLUSIONS..........................................................1 1.2 REcoMMENDATIONS.....................................................................22.0 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................2 2.1 RSPNOPS DATABASE DESCRIPTION........................................................3 2.2 GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE DATABASE..................................................3 2.2.1 Incident Reports Description..................................................3 2.2.2 Annual Reports Definition.....................................................3 2.2.3 Annual Reports Description....................................................4 2.3 ACCURACY OFTHE DATABASE.............................................................4 2.4 NORMALIZING DATA IN THE DATABASE....................................................53.0 INCIDENT RATES BY YEAR AND CAUSE..........................................................6 3.1 ORIGINAL OPS DATABASE...............................................................6 3.2 DATA NORMALIZED TO MINIMUM $50,000 PROPERTY DAMAGE IN 1984..........................94.0 INCIDENT RATES - CORROSION................................................................11 4.1 CORROSION INCIDENT RATES FOR PIPE THAT IS NOT PROTECTED CATH0DIcALLY..............13 4.2 CORROSION INCIDENT RATES FOR UNCOATED PIPE........................................14 4.3 CORROSION INCIDENT RATES WITH UNPR0TECTED & UNCOATED WRAPPED PIPE...............165.0 INCIDENTS BY CAUSE AND COVER DEPTH........................................................19 5.1 ALTRN DATABASE 1970-1 981...........................................................19 5.2 DISTRIBUTION OF INCIDENTS BY CAUSE VS. DEPTH OF COVER...............................21 5.3 YEAR OF INSTALLATION OF THE PIPELINE AS RELATED TO DEPTH .OF COVER..................236.0 INCIDENTS AS RELATED TO LAND USE..........................................................24 6.1 ALTRN DATABASE......................................................................24 6.1 .1 Land Use at the Time of Installation of the Pipeline.........................24 6.1.2 Land Use at the Time of the Incident..........................................26 6.2 PIPDATABASE--1982-1984..............................................................27 6.2.1 Incidents by Land Use Near Pipelines..........................................27 6.2.2. Analysis of Database With Regard to Completeness of Records at Time of Incident...........................................................30 6.2.3 Incidents vs. Land Use at Time of Incident....................................31 6.3 TLEAK DATABASE 1984-1 993...........................................................32 6.3.1 Incidents vs. Class Location..................................................32 6.3.2 Property Damage vs. Class Location............................................33 6.3.3. Property Damage vs. Land Use at the Time of Installation of the Pipeline.....347.0 METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF STEEL PIPE.......................................................36 7.1 PIPE MANUFACTURE VS. TYPE OF MATERIAL FAILURE.......................................448.0 INCIDENTS VS. YEARS OF OPERATION..........................................................469.0 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE, CORROSION AND INCIDENT RATES....................................49
10.0 PIPE DIAMETER & WALL THICKNESS VS. INCIDENT RATES.............................53 10.1 ALTRN DATABASE 1970-1982...................................................53 10.1.1 Incident Rate vs. Pipe Thickness and Pipe Diameter...................55 10.1.2 Pipe Diameter vs. Incident Rates.....................................56 10.2 TLEAK DATABASE 1984-1993...................................................5811.0 OPERATING AND MAOP vs. INCIDENT RATES.........................................60APPENDIX A: ANALYSIS OF THE NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE DATABASES INTRODUCTION Al DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE...............Al-i Introduction........................................................Al-i Analysis of the Incident Databases..................................Al-i Details of the Incident Databases...................................Ai-2 ALTRN Database......................................................A12 PIP Database.......................................................Ai44 TLEAK Database.....................................................Al 57 A2 ERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE..........................A2-l Introduction........................................................A21 Changes in the Information Maintained in the Database Over the Period of the Record.......................................................A2-i Gas Transmission Pipeline Database..................................A2-2 Incident Report Forms...............................................A2-2 Annual Report Forms.................................................A2-6 Data Reported by Operators - Not Entered Into the Database by RSPNOPS A2-28 Duplicate Records That Became Part of the Database Because Duplicate Reports were filed or Data Processing Resulted in the Duplicate Records in the Database....................................................A2~29 Different Values Being Used to Represent the Same Information for a Particular Field in the Database...................................A2-31 "Real" Fields Being Entered Into An Incorrect Position in the Data Field Resulting in an Incorrect Value in the Database....................A2-35 Typographic Errors in Entering the Data Into the Database..........A2-38 Incorrect Documentation of the Database............................A2-45 A3 NoRMALIzING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE................A3-i Introduction........................................................A3-l Specific Areas Where Normalizing Data is Lacking To Draw Statistically Significant Inferences................................A3-i Normalizing Data....................................................A3-i Incident & Annual Report Databases..................................A3-2 Questionnaires for Additional Data for Sample Group of Operators....A3-8APPENDIX B: Bi RSPNOPS INCIDENT & ANNUAL REPORT FORMS...............................Bl-l B2 DEFINITION OF TERMS IN THE RSPNOPS DATABASE..........................B2-l ALTRN...............................................................B2-l PIP.................................................................B2-3 TLEAK...............................................................B2-7
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis report has been produced as part of a study to analyze the United States Department ofTransportation USDOT Research and Special Programs Administration RSPA - Oftice ofPipeline Safety OPS database on gas transmission pipeline incidents to determine the factorsthat are important in the occurrence of those incidents. The study also included the analysis ofa second OPS database of annual reports submitted by all natural gas transmission pipelineoperators.The report contains the analyses performed and the resulting observations, conclusions andrecommendations based on the study. The databases were ~lso studied in detail. Errors andproblems found in the databases are identified in Appendix A2 of this report.The major observations, conclusions and recommendations are summarized in Section 1.1,below, by topic area.1.1 OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONSINCIDENT CAUSE. The primary cause of incidents, as reported from 1970 to 1993, is "outsideforce". This is followed by "construction defect-material failure". In the most recent years ofreporting, the "other" category is the second largest category and almost as large as damageby outside force.CORROSION. Coating and cathodic protection are very important in reducing corrosion incidentrates. The average incident rates for the period of record 1970 to 1993 are 0.14 and 0.59 inci-dents/i ,000 mi-yr respectively for coated and uncoated pipe. The average incident rates for theperiod of record 1970 to 1993 are 0.17 and 0.40 incidents/i ,000 mi-yr respectively for protectedand unprotected pipe.DEPTH OF COVER. Inadequate depth of cover is a primary factor in outside force incidents.LAND USE VS. INCIDENTS. Where undeveloped land use becomes rural, the dominant cause ofincidents is outside force. The total number of incidents in the group under study is limited;however, there is a clear trend that outside force becomes the dominant cause of incidents.When the land use near a pipeline is more intense, the dominant source of incidents is outsideforce. This leads to the conclusion that the system becomes more vulnerable to third partydamage when development encroaches on a pipeline.PIPELINE MANUFACTURE. Although complete normalization of the data is not possible, it is clearthat electric resistance welded pipe installed in the 1940's and the 1970's has a high rate ofmaterial failure. -I
PIPELINE AGE VS; INCIDENTS Th~ age of a pipeline has a relationship to the cause and numberof incidents of transmission pipelines.PIPE WALL THICKNESS. Pipe wall thickness is a key factor in pipeline safety and reduced inci-dent rates.INCIDENT PRESSURE. The material defect cause of incidents displays sensitivity to the incidentpressure as a percent of MAOP. As the incident pressure increases as a percent of MAOP,material defect increases as the percent cause to a point where it reaches 82% at incidentpressure equal to MAOP.1.2 RECOMMENDATIONSINCIDENT CAUSE. The number of categories used to classify the cause of the incident on thegas transmission incident form should be increased to generate more informative and usefulresponses by the operators.DEPTH OF COVER. The industry should be alert to an increased risk of outside force incidentsfor older pipelines installed at depths that would not satisfy the pipeline safety standards in49CFR Part 192. The current incident form should be modified to include depth of cover infor-mation.DATABASE INTEGRITY. The original written reports submitted to RSPAJOPS should be investi-gated to ensure that if data was entered on the form they should also have been entered in thedatabase. Missing data in the database suggest that some of the data entered in the reportswere not entered into the computer database. The original incident data forms should be re-viewed and the databases corrected accordingly.PIPELINE MANUFACTURE. It is recommended that the total miles of pipe by type of manufacturebe determined in order to normalize the data. In this way one could determine the effective-ness of each type of manufacture in resisting incidents caused by construction or material de-fect.2.0 INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this report is to analyze the various factors that contribute to the rate of occur-rence of incidents in gas transmission pipelines. As part of the analysis performed, factorswere considered by their importance in causing incidents. The analysis was performed on theResearch and Special Programs Administration RSPA - Office of Pipeline.Safety OPS data-base 2
2.1 RSPNOPS DATABASE DESCRIPTIONThe incident reports database was initiated in 1970 and consists of two separate components.The first component is the compilation of incident reports tiled by operators whenever an inci-dent as defined by OPS takes place. The second component, also filed by the operators, is anannual report that summarizes the system for the past year. The contents of each componenthave changed several times during the period from 1970 to the present. The two databasesare further divided into several separate databases reflecting changes in the reporting require-ments over the years. A summary of the databases is presented below:2.2 GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE DATABASE2.2.1 INcIDENT REPORTS DESCRIPTIONFILENAMERSPAFORMRSPA FORM TITLEFORMDATERECORDSFROM -TOALTRN7100.2Leak or Test Failure ReportGas Transmission & Gathering Systems1-70`70 --- `81PIP7100.2Leak or Test Failure ReportGas Transmission & Gathering Systems1-70`82 --- `84TLEAK7100.2Incident ReportGas Transmission & Gathering Systems3-84`84 --- `93FILE NAMEALTRN Detailed incident reports required. The minimum property damage criteria is $5,000. The database is very large, has many fields, and contains many rec- ords.PIP Detailed incident reports required. The minimum property damage criteria is $5,000. The database is very similar to ALTRN but not identical and therefore the two cannot be directly combined.TLEAK This incident reports database contains a fraction of the number of fields in ALTRN and has many fewer records because of the minimum property damage criteria which was raised to $50,000.2.2.2 ANNUAL REPORTS DEFINITIONFILE INAME IRSPAFORMRSPA FORM - TITLEFORM 1DATE ~RECORDSFROM - TOA1707971 00.2-1Annual Report for Calendar Year1 9__Gas Transmission Gathering_Systems10-70`70 --- `79AT808171 00.2-1 *Annual Report for Calendar Year.1 9__Gas Transmission Gathering_Systems11-82`80 --- `813
FILENAMERSPAFORM 1RSPA FORM - TITLE ~FORMDATERECORDSFROM - TOAT82837100.2-1Annual Report for Calendar Year19_Gas Transmission & Gathering Systems11-82`82 --- `83TRANS71 00.2-1Annual Report for Calendar Year19_Gas Transmission & Gathering Systems11-85`84 --- `94 2.2.3 ANNuAL REPORTS DEscRIPTION FILE NAME AT7079 Reports are very detailed. AT8081 Reports are identical to AT7079 and have been combined with same. AT8283 Reports are similar to AT7079 but only the total fields are entered. The majority of the information in the earlier annual reports is not entered. TRANS - The database covers many of the same topics as the earlier databases but not in the same detail, and therefore does not easily combine with the earlier data- bases. In summary, there are three separate incident and three separate annual report databases. The forms used for all databases may be found in Appendix Bi of this report. 2.3 ACCURACYOFTHE DATABASE One of the issues with regard to the databases is the incompleteness of the records. Often, in an individual incident record, one or more fields may be left blank. This may surface from time to time as an anomaly in the analysis. As an example of this phenomenon, consider the corro- sion data for 1972. It was found that 93 incidents occurred that year where the cause as speci- fied in the incident report was cited as corrosion. It was also found that 42 incidents occurred in coated pipe and 51 in uncoated pipe, also totaling 93 incidents. For the same data it was found that 67 of those incidents were on pipe that was cathodically protected while 25 were on non protected pipe, for a total of 92 incidents. One incident is missing. This anomaly occurred be- cause the field in the database that carries the information as to whether the pipe is protected or not was blank. The field could be blank for one of two reasons: it was not entered on the written incident report filed by the operator or it was not entered into the database by the "keypunch" operator. This type of anomaly occurs frequently. Therefore, it is understood that all values in the docu- ment represent incident rate/i ,000 mi-yr for the data reported and present in the database. The missing data should not effect the accuracy or reliability of the analysis. A detailed analysis of the database may be found in Appendix Al. 4
2.4 NORMALIZING DATA IN THE DATABASEIn order to rank the various factors considered, it would be necessary to express the incidentrate for a particular factor in terms of incidents per 1,000 mile-year. If this were done, rankingwould be from the highest to the lowest incident rate.It was not possible to express incident rates for alIfactors considered in this "normalized" fash-ion because the data to do so were not available in the OPS or other databases. To illustratethis point on normalized data, consider the following example: Assume that one wishes to compute the normalized incident rates caused by corrosion for 1970 where the pipe is either coated or not coated. Assume that there are 91 inci- dents in gas pipelines that year where 44 of the pipe were coated and 47 were not coated. Based upon this raw count of incidents, one would assume that the rates for coated and uncoated pipe were essentially the same. Consider now that there were approximately 37,500 miles of uncoated pipe and 212,500 miles of coated pipe in the system for that year. The normalized incident rates may now be computed as: Rate for Coated Pipe: 44 incidents / 212,500 miles x 1,000 = 0.21 incidents/i ,000 mi-yr of coated pipe Rate for Uncoated Pipe: 47 incidents / 37,500 miles x 1,000 = 1.25 incidents/i ,000 mi-yr of uncoated pipe In normalized form, it is seen that the incident rate for uncoated pipe is approximately six times greater than for coated pipe.The type of information used to normalize the incident rates in the example above, e.g., miles ofcoated and uncoated pipe in the system, is not available for many of the factors that are impor-tant to incident rates and therefore considered in this study.Even if normalizing information were available, the analysis would still be more complex thanjust producing normalized rates. Consider again the example cited above: It is also known that there were 61 incidents in 1970 caused by corrosion where the pipe was cathodically protected and 30 incidents where the pipe was not protected. Also, there were approximately 212,800 miles of pipeline that were cathodically protected that year while there were 37,100 miles that were not protected in the total system. This produces normalized incident rates of: 0.29 incidents/i ,000 mi-yr of cathodically protected pipe 0.81 incidents/i ,000 mi-yr of non-cathodically protected pipe 5
It is recognized that cathodic protection and coating are not unrelated, and it would be moreaccurate to find the incident rate for coated, cathodically protected pipe, coated non-protected,uncoated protected and uncoated unprotected pipe. This type of information is not available formost of the factors considered.It is also understood that the rate for coated pipe where the wall thickness is 1/8" may be muchgreater than where the wall thickness is 1/4". The interplay of multiple factors is a complicationin the analysis. A far more sophisticated database would be required to allow for analysis andmodeling of the many factors that contribute to incident rates.Since the normalizing of the data was not always possible, the authors of this report use indirectand inferential approaches in the analysis. The ALTRN database, while older and having manyerrors was used extensively in this report because it contains much more information than thelater TLEAK database. Also, because the property damage threshold for reporting incidentswas an order of magnitude lower in ALTRN than in TLEAK, the number of incidents reportedwas also an order of magnitude larger. The larger database facilitated the analysis becausethere was always a significant number of records to examine containing any of the variablesconsidered.3.0 INCIDENT RATES BY YEAR AND CAUSE31 ORIGINAL OPS DATABASEThe incident records are maintained by the OPS in three separate databases. The first data-base, ALTRN, contains records from 1970 to 1982. An incident is defined for this set of recordsas an event where a person is injured, killed or $5,000 in property damage occurs. The seconddatabase, PIP, contains records for 1982-1 983, where an incident is defined in the same man-ner as the ALTRN database.The third database, TLEAK, contains records from 1984 to the present. The property damagecriteria for an incident in this database changes from $5,000 to $50,000 in 1984. The basic in-formation contained in the incident record is also greatly reduced from the two earlier data-bases. Blank copies of the incident report forms are contained in Appendix Bi. One may ob-serve that the later report contains a much smaller amount of data.The cause of the incident is specified in the incident report. The operator has the following fourchoices for describing the cause of the incident: 1. Corrosion 2. Damage by outside forces 6
3. Construction defect or material failure 4. OtherThe number of incidents reported for the period of record, by cause, may be found in the follow-ing table where 1984 contains records from the PIP and TLEAK databases combined: INCIDENTS BY YEAR AND CAUSE - ORIGINAL OPS DATABASEA-CorrosionYR A B C Dii~8291318128715214881439989243399016331915911530292931012233341532B-Outside Force C-Construction-Material Defects D-OtherThe data shown above is plotted in two formats for ease of review. One plot is by total datawhile the second plot shows cause by year as a percent of total for that year. INCIDENTS BY YEAR AND CAUSE - ORIGINAL DATA raw causa.x~ 7OO~~ 6OOl~flPM::~ 400Th II~ 300Th~ 5OOTh~II 1~ ~i1~ i ~ I i~~ 200~z I- 100-l-~ 0~ i~I 0 C'J ~ 0 ~ 0 C'J ~ 0 ~ 0 C'J N- N- N N N ~ ~ C C YEAR~ER~ CON-MAT D~~Tm OIJrSIDE FORCEo CORROSIONIt is seen in the plot above that the number of reported incidents dropped dramatically in 1984and thereafter when the threshold on property damage for a reportable incident increased by afactor of ten from $5,000 to $50,000.YR A B C DYR A B C D70 91 174 322 2871 64 192 375 3072 93 213 298 4073 95 242 298 2274 82 244 209 2875 75 211 192 2276 85 177 152 2177 96 199 167 2078 99 220 145 2679 46 218 117 3980 53 188 107 2281 67 207 105 3082 85 212 170 3183 68 165 143 2884 69 80 58 2385 25 42 15 287
The trend in number of reportable incidents dropped during the period from 1970 to 1983. Thepercentage of corrosion incidents increased slightly over the entire record from 1970 to 1993.The percentage of incidents caused by construction defects or material failure decreased sig-nificantly over the period of record while the number of incidents reported as "other" cause in-creased greatly. The greater part of the increase in the "other" category took place after 1984when the reporting criteria changed.RECOMMENDATION: The number of categories used to identify the cause of the inci- dent should be increased to generate more useful responses by the operators and reduce the number of incidentsclassified as "other".In ranking the four causes used on the incident report form, the average percent occurrence ofthe causes for the years of record produces the results in the following table. The percent ofoccurrence is used instead of the total count because of the data break in 1984. RANK OF INCIDENT CAUSE AS AVERAGE % OccuRRENcECAUSERANKAVERAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCESTANDARDDEVIATIONOUTSIDE FORCE140.896CON-MAT DEFECT227.6515CORROSION317.905OTHER413.5611The outside force and corrosion categories show small standard deviations and coefficients ofvariation standard deviation/average, while the construction-material defect and "other" cate-gories have coefficients of variation of approximately 54% and 78% of their averages, respec-I-z00I-zwaCzINCIDENTS BY YEAR AND CAUSE %- ORIGINAL DATA raw causa.xls100% 80% 60% 0 CON-MAT DEF~T 40% * OUTSIDE FORCE ~ CORROSION 20% 0%o CM ~ 0 C 0 CM ~ CO C 0 CMN N N- N N- C C C C C C CYEAR8
tively. This reflects a certain consistency in the outside force and corrosion causes with signifi-cant variation over the period of record occurring in the two remaining causes.CONCLUSION: The primary cause of incidents as reported from 1970 to 1993 is outside force. This is followed by construction defect-material failure. In the most recent years of reporting the "other" category is the second largest category and almost as large as damage by outside force.3.2 DATA NORMALIZED TO MINIMUM $50,000 PROPERTY DAMAGE IN 1984The property damage requirement for reporting an incident was changed in 1984 from $5,000prior to 1984 to $50,000 from 1984 to the present. To compare the complete database in amore consistent way, the data has been adjusted such that reportable incidents are restricted toa smaller set such that the minimum property damage for reportability is adjusted each year bythe change in the Consumer Price Index CPI based on $50,000 damage in 1984. Therefore,reportable incidents always have a property damage threshold of the same "real" value ofmoney for the entire period of record. Incidents that result in injuries that require hospitalizationor result in death make an incident reportable independent of the resulting property damage.The CPI changes were taken from the Statistical Abstract of the United States for 1994. CPI ADJUSTED VALUE OF $50,000 IN 1984YR CPI%J CHANGEVALUE19705.7$18,68619714.4$19,50819723.2$20,13219736.2$21,381197411$23,73219759.1$25,89219765.8$27,39419776.5$29,174 ~fYR jCPI%CHANGEE VALUE19787.6$31,392197911.3$34,939198013.5$39,656198110.3$43,74019826.2$46,45219833.2$47,93919844.3$50,00019853.6$51,800YR ~I CPI%CHANGEVALUE19861.9$52,78419873.6$54,68419884.1$56,92619894.8$59,65919905.4$62,8811991 4.2- 3$65,5221992$67,48719933$69,512Utilizing the base value of $50,000 in 1984 and the equivalent real value for the other years ofthe period of record as adjusted by the CPI, the "qualifying" incidents under this criteria wereobtained.This is a smaller group than the raw data. This data may be found in the following table,"Incidents by Year and Cause Where Prior and Future Property Damage Criteria Adjusted byCPI to $50,000 in 1984".9
INCIDENTS BY YEAR AND CAUSE WHERE PRoPERTY DAMAGE CRITERIA ADJUSTED BY CPI $50,000 IN 1984i~ii~ii-~7011258713958723848732187274618557581410376493377414147YRABC D7861911679226149807121058141711882102351083827178848158985118511~:[i[i~8651012108766188861561589612312901019710918103992615219931011918The table above has been plotted by value and by percentage of incidents per year. Theseplots follow. While the number of incidents per year varies significantly, there is an overall up-ward trend in the number of incidents per year over the period of record.The total number and the percent of total corrosion incidents per year has shown a small in-crease as well. The number and percent of incidents per year in the other category was highfor the first three years then dropped significantly and has shown a steady increase for the nexttwenty years. At the same time, the number of incidents due to construction or material defectshas likewise decreased. The high number of incidents reported in the "other" category reflectsa form that is not sufficiently detailed for a more precise response. The number of choices un-der the cause category needs to be expanded.A-Corrosion B-Outside Force C-Construction-Material Defects D-Other INCIDENTS BY YEAR AND CAUSE WHERE MIN PROPERTY DAMAGE NORMALIZED TO $50,000 IN 1984 BY CPI INDEX caus.xls 60 50z ~TH~~ 30 0 cONST-MATL DEF~T~ 20 g OLffSIDE FORCE o cORROSK~N 10 0o c'~ ~- ~ 0 C'J ~ 0 ~ 0 C~JN- N. N- 1- N ~ 0 0 YEAR10
The difference between the original data and the normalized data is that the original data ap-pear to show a decline in the number of incidents between 1970 and 1984 and a somewhatuniform rate after 1984, while the normalized data are more random but show an increase overthe period of record.4.0 INCIDENT RATES - CORROSIONThe incidents where corrosion was listed as the cause in the ALTRN, PIP and TLEAK incidentdatabases were summarized for each year of record. These sums were then divided by themiles of pipe in the total system for each year, respectively, as given in the AT7079, AT8081,AT8283 and the TRANS annual reports. The results were then multiplied by 1,000 to normalizethe data as incidents per 1,000 mile years. CORROSION INCIDENTS /1,000 MI-YR f INCIDENTYEAR J. COUNTTOTALMILESINCIDENTS1,000 MI-YR1970912499600.361971642551270.251972932635970.351973952652120.361974822709750.301975752498740.301976852643030.321977962676960.361978992851920.351979462869270.16 ONCIDENTS BY YEAR AND CAUSE WHERE MIN PROPERTY DAMAGE NORMALIZED TO $50,000 IN 1984 BY CPI INDEX IN % caus.xls 100% 80% EOTH~C. 60% 0 CONST-MA11.. DEFEC1 * OUTSIDE FORCE40/o QcORROSION 20% 0%o c'i ~- ~D ~ 0 C'J ~ o 0 C~1N. N. N. N. N. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 YEAR11
YEARINCIDENT 1COUNT 1TOTALMILESINCIDENTS1,000 MI-YR1980532850960.191981672965640.231982852919180.291983682964340.231984692779220.251985252827880.09198682813450.031987152842820.051988142814900.051989242841240.081990162836920.061991152854300.051992102820290.041993122912570.04This table has been plotted in the following chart for ease of review.The incident rate is reasonably uniform for the first eight years. It then drops over the next sixyears and finally it drops significantly and is again approximately uniform from 1985 to 1993.The average incident rate for the periods 1970-1984 and 1985-1993 are 0.29 and 0.05 inci-dents/i ,000 mi-yr, respectively. This ratio of almost 6:1 reflects the smaller number of incidentsreported because of the change in reporting criteria in 1984.CORROSION INCIDENTS/i ,000 mi-yr 1970-1993 corrosa.xlsID INCIDENTS/i ,000 mi-yr 0.40 0.35 0.30a 0.25a 0.20I- 0.15~ 0.10z 0.05 0.001970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 YEAR12
4.1 CORROSION INCIDENT RATES FOR PIPE THAT IS NOT PROTECTED CATHODICALLYThe incident rate may similarly be calculated for corrosion incidents where the pipe is coated ornot coated and cathodically protected or not protected.The value for "not protected miles" in the table that follows is obtained by subtracting the "totalprotected miles" in the system from the "total miles in the system".It is clear from both the chart and the table from which it came that cathodic protection is veryimportant in reducing the incident rates. The average incideot rate for the period of record is0.17 and 0.40 incidents/i ,000 mi-yr respectively for protected and not protected pipe. This is aratio of approximately 1:3. This ratio is even greater in the more recent years for which data isavailable. INCIDENT RATES FOR PIPE NOT PRoTECTED CATH0DICALLYYEARINCIDENTS INCIDENTS PIPE PIPE NOTPROTECTED PROTECTED MILES MILES NOTPROTECTED PROTECTEDINCIDENTS/1,000 MI-YRINCIDENTS/1,000 MI-YR19706130204,63845,3220.300.660.8219713331217,34937,7780.150.6419726725224,82838,7690.300.6919737322233,12432,0860.310.5519746714245,34625,6290.7019756014229,78820,08619765222243,66420,6390.211.070.9019777917248,72818,9680.3219788711265,35319,6390.330.550.181979343270,17416,7530.6219804211265,69617,9650.160.251981604272,78715,6920.270.501982749274,07217,8460.230.231983634279,04517,3890.230.001984620265,07510,2421985202269,92310,0250.070.21198682269,4259,3720.241987132273,4248,3250.050.001988130270,6088,3700.051989221274,2554,5870.080.231990151276,6094,4160.051991151277,8914,7380.050.00199290276,9344,5070.030.001993120286,0294,514 0.0413
The table may also be expressed in a chart as follows. INCIDENT RATES/1,000 mi-yr FOR CATHODICALLY ~protected UNPROTECTED PIPE corrosa.xls * not protected 1.20 .~.1.00 ~ 0.80 ~0.60 ~0.40 I I ~ ~ II i YEAR4.2 CORROSION INCIDENT RATES FOR UNCOATED PIPEIncident rates, due to corrosion, may also be found for coated and uncoated pipe. Results maybe found in the table below. INCIDENT RATES FOR UNC0ATED PIPEYEAR INCIDENTSUNCOATED COATED PIPE PIPE MILES OF PIPEUNCOATED COATED PIPE PIPEINCIDENTS/i ,000 MI-YRUNCOATEDT COATED PIPE ~ PIPE1970474437,506212,4541.250.211971323244,257210,6700.720.151972425135,360228,2371.190.221973573843,836221,3761.300.171974285444,009226,9660.640.241975284734,756215,1180.810.221976344033,103231,2001.030.171977405627,025240,6711.480.2319781979198032112166323134,93230,07532,257250,260256,852251,1340.920.370.650.260.120.121981105539,574248,9050.250.221982394531,573260,3451.240.171983283833,895262,5390.830.141984135524,220251,0970.330.15198522223,923256,0250.210.0714
INCIDENTSMILES OF PIPEINCIDENTS/i .000 MI-YR COATEDYEARUNCOATED PIPECOATED PIPEUNCOATED PIPECOATED PIPEUNCOATED PIPEPIPE19861722,865255,9320.090.090.03198721221,642260,1070.050.050.03198831021,043257,9350.08198942019,611259,2310.200.0519902 -1418,362262,6630.110.06199111718,807263,8220.050.0319922 8-17,411264,0300.1119933917263273,2800.17 - The average incident rates for the period of record are 0.14 and 0.59 incidents/i ,000 mi-yr, re- spectively, for coated and uncoated pipe. This represents a ratio greater than 1:4. The charts above and following show clearly that unprotected pipe and uncoated pipe have significantly higher incident rates than their counterparts. It is important to note that the number of records where the protected and coated information was present was less than the total number of corrosion incidents since all of the data fields are not always present in all records. 1.60 1.40 ~ 0.80 I- z w 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00INCIDENT RATE/1,000 mi-yr FOR ~j¸~Jc0AT~ UNCOATED PIPE corrosa.xlso c'J ~ ~ 0 C'J ~ 0 0 0 CJr- r- N N N 0 0 0 0 C0 C 0 C C C 0 C 0 0 C CYEARCONCLUSION: Incident rates are significantly less on coated and cathodic protected pipe.15
&3 CORROSION INCIDENT RATES WITH UNPROTECTED AND UNCOATED WRAPPED PIPEThe data were analyzed to determine the interaction of two variables on incident rates. In theearlier databases pipe coating was classified as bare, coated or wrapped. The summary of theincident data for uncoated, coated and wrapped pipe is shown in the table that follows. INCIDENTS WITH UNPR0TECTED, UNC0ATED - WRAPPED PIPE N/N = NOT PROTECTED/NOT COATED N/W = NOT PROTECTED/WRAPPED VA' = PROTECTED/ COATEDThe data is best viewed from a plot.N/Y = NOT PROTECTED/COATEDYIN = PROTECTED/NOT COATEDV/N = PROTECTED/ WRAPPEDCATHODIC PROTECTION/COAING~[ViiiWYWW19701983283031971227210176197218432335919732113627101974104174821975141445119762212192119771432641121978101225213197921721619807 2114 2261981362628198281153211198331392591984273281984316198521191986719871111119883101989141819901114199111519921819933919941416
N/N = NOT PROTECTED/NOT COATEDN/W = NOT PROTECTED/WRAPPEDVIY = PROTECTED! COATEDN/V = NOT PROTEcTED/COATEDYIN = PROTECTED/NOT COATEDY/N = PROTECTED/WRAPPEDUtilizing the Annual Report databases, one may develop data to normalize the data in the tableabove. This results in the table that follows. Wrapped pipe has been considered as coated forthis table. Some incidents do not indicate information on coating or cathodic protection. Thismeans that the normalized rates shown are slightly lower than the actual rates. INCIDENTS PER 1,000 MI-YR FOR UNPR0TECTED AND UNCOATED PIPE INCIDENTS/i ,000 MI~VRYEARI N/N..Y!~19700.631.503.810.1719710.621.051.170.1119720.730.652.120.2119730.680.082.780.1719740.340.271.130.2219750.640.001.080.2119761.190.000.820.1719771.160.201.740.2319780.530.061.370.2619790.140.060.450.1119800.450.180.840.1119810.120.000.410.2219820.470.060.850.1619830.120.072.580.1419840.220.000.670.2219850.002.360.070.071986~000~0~00~036050INCIDENTS vs PROTECTION AND COATING cthcoata.xls40I-zUiCz3020100 * N/N-~- N/V N/W-~4-~ V/N-*.-- V/VC, c'i ~ ~ 0 c~j ~- ca ~ oN N N N N C C C C C C C CC C C C C C C C C C C C CYEAR17
YEARI N/N!~J V/Nj V/V19870.127.870.070.0419880.000.000.220.0419890.005.750.260.0719900.250.000.070.0519910.230.000.000.0619920.000.000.080.0319930.000.000.230.03 N/N = NOT PROTECTED/NOT COATED NIY = NOT PROTECTED/COATED Y/N = PROTECTED/NOT COATED YIY = PROTECTED! COATEDThe three spikes in the unprotected-coated pipe are Caused by a small number of incidents witha low mileage in that group. This makes the spikes anomalies.After 1984, the number of incidents decreased dramatically due to the redefinition of reportableincidents. The general trend, however, is clear. The combination of cathodic protection andCoating has consistently low rates for the entire period of record. Excepting the anomaly of thethree spikes, Coating appears to be more important than cathodic protection.INCIDENTS/i .000 MI-YRPlotting this table yields: INCIDENTS/i ,000 mi-yr CTH~OATA .XLS 8.00~ 7.00 6.00~ 5.00~ 2.00 1.00- 0.00 -r---j o c'.i cC ~ 0 C1 ~ CC 0 Ci N- N. N N- N- C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C YEAR18
5.0 INCIDENTS BY CAUSE AND COVER DEPTH5.1 ALTRN DATABASE 1970-1 981USDOT pipeline safety regulations, 49CFR 192.327, require a minimum cover of pipe of atleast thirty inches at the time of construction with certain exceptions as cited therein. An ex-amination of the records in the ALTRN Database 1970-1981 shows a significant number ofincidents where the depth of cover was less than twenty-four inches. These records are sum-marized in the following table on cause vs. depth of cover giving both the count and cumulativepercentage of incidents. The table is also presented graphically as count of incidents in eachcategory and as a percent of incidents by cause. CovER DEPTH VS. CAUSE - ALTRN DATABASE 1970-1981 COUNT & CUMULATIVE PERCENT OF TOTALCOVERDEPTHCORROSIONOUTSIDEFORCECON-MATDEFECT0-6"8 - 1%153 - 8%6 - 0.3%1 - 0.6%>6-12"13 - 3%194 - 19%14 - 1% 6 - 4%->12-18"16 - 4%202 - 29%17 - 2%4 - 7%>18-24"61 - 12%277 - 44%84 - 6%~l 1 - 14%>24"-30"138 - 28%261 - 58%331 - 21%19 - 26%>30"-36"199 - 52%340 - 76%660 - 52%~1 - 53%>36"-42"112-66%152-84%398-71%14-62%>42-48"106-78%128-91%310-86%1a0-74%>48-54"32-82%18-92%69-89%6-78%>54-60"44 - 88%53 -95%97 - 94%6 - 82%>60"105 - 100%94 - 100%136 - 100%~8 - 100% 156-TOTAL=498483418722122% of TOTAL16.7%37.6%42.6%3.1%The percent total of incidents by cause is somewhat different than the distribution in the earliersection which included data from ALTRN, PIP and TLEAK. The three databases combined rep-resent 6133 incidents as compared to 4984 incidents in ALTRN where the depth of cover isknown and included in the table above.The majority of the incidents where the depth of cover is twenty-four inches or less are causedby outside force. Data are not available to indicate the total miles of transmission pipelines atvarious depths of cover. The large number of incidents with shallow depth of cover show thevulnerability to third party damage of those pipelines. 19
In reviewing the chart above, it is seen that the preponderance of the incidents for corrosion,construction defect-material failure and "other" cause lie between twenty-four and forty-eightinches of depth. This is a reasonably expected result. The preponderance of incidents for out-side force incidents, however, is between zero and forty-two inches in depth.Since three of the incidents follow patterns that would be expected, and only outside force isdifferent, one may reasonably conclude that: * The miles of pipe in the system at depths below twenty-four inches is small or the dis- tribution of incidents with depth would be the same for all four causes. * Shallow depth of cover is a critical factor in outside force incidents. * It is very important that the incident form be modified to include data on depth of cover to determine if it is still a critical factor in outside force incidents.I-z00I-zw0Cz INCIDENTS - CAUSE vs. COVER DEPTH -ALTRN DATABASE140012001000800600400200 0o O1HERo CON-MAT DB~T* OUTSIDE FORCEo CORROSIONC b ~ca ~ ~7 ~7 ~ ~ ~ ~- o A ` C'.J C' C' A A A A A RANGEof D~THof COVB~ b b It CD 0-~ -. -. AC"J CD~- ~ ItA A A caucovaa.xls20
INCIDENTS - CAUSE vs. COVERDEPTH in % - ALTRN DATABASE 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% The decrease, on a percentage basis, of the incidents caused by outside damage as the depth of cover increases shows that cover is an important protection against damage by outside force. Of the incidents reported with depth of cover information available and outside force as the cause, 826 of the total of 1872 incidents occurred when the depth of cover is twenty-four inches or less. This means that forty-four percent of the outside force incidents which occur do so with a shallow depth of cover. One might reasonably conjecture that the percent of the total miles of pipeline in the country where the depth of cover is twenty-four inches or less is a much smaller number than the forty- four percent of incidents cited above. This idea may be supported by reviewing the cumulative percent of total incidents for each cause where the depth of cover is twenty-four inches or less. The three alternate causes have 12, 6 and 14 % of their total incidents as compared to 44% for outside force where the depth of cover is twenty-four inches or less. At the thirty-six inch depth, outside force incidents are at a cumulative level of 76% as compared to the three other causes which are approximately 52+%. Clearly, lack of adequate depth of cover plays a strong role in the occurrence of outside force incidents. CONCLUSION: Inadequate depth of cover is a primary cause of outsidle force accidents. 52 DISTRIBUTION OF INCIDENTS BY CAUSE vs. DEPTH OF COVER It is of interest to compare the distribution of incidents among the four causes as a function of the depth of cover of the pipeline. These data are presented in the table that follows along withUI-zLUUEl OTHERo cON-MAT DSECT* OUTSIDE FORCE~ORROSION0-6 >12-18 >24-30 >36-42 >48-54 RANGE of DEPTH of COVE caucovaa.xIs>6021
the average distribution for all of the incidents in the ALTRN database. In addition the averagedistribution for the data in the table which represents the data in ALTRN where the depth ofcover was given. The data on each line add across to 100%. DISTRIBUTION OF INCIDENTS BY CAUSE BS. DEPTH OF COVERCOVER DEPTHCORROSIONOUTSIDEFORCECON-MATFAILUREOTHER0-64.7691.073.570.60>6"-12"5 7385 466 172 64>12"-18"6.6984.527.111.67>18"-24"14.0963.9719.402.54>24-30'18.4234.8544.192.54>30-3616.0527.4253.233.31>36-42"16 5722 4958 88207>42"-48"18.7922.7054.963.55>48"-54"25.6014.4055.204.80>54"-60"22.0026.5048.503.00>60'28.9325.9037.477.71Avg of TABLE16.1545.3935.333.13Avg of ALTRN15.4941.2037.855.47The distribution of incidents by cause varies with depth where outside force varies the most.Outside force dominates for a depth of cover less than twenty four inches.Outside force as a percent of incidents varies almost monotonically from a depth of 0" to 54".Over this range of depths outside force varies from 91% to 14%. This is seen dramatically inthe following chart.DISTRIBUTION OF INCIDENTS BY CAUSE vs. DEPTH OF COVER 100.00 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00~ 50.00z~ 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00Q 0-6'D>12~-18'o >18~-24"*>24~-30"D>30~-36~~ >36~-42'o >42-48'*>48'-54~~ >54-600>60Davg of TABLE*avg of ALTRNCORROSKDN OLJSIDE FORCECON-MATFAA ILUREOTHER22
CONCLUSION: Inadequate depth of cover is a primary cause of outside force accidents. Since outside force damage is the dominant cause of incidents, depth of cover is a primary factor in incident rates.5.3 YEAR OF INSTALLATION OF THE PIPELINE AS RELATEDTO DEPTH OF COVERConsider the average year of installation of the pipelines associated with various depths ofcover for the incidents in the ALTRN database. This data is found in the table that follows:The average year of installation has ranges for different depths of cover and cause as follows:CORROSION Varies between 1939 to 1947 except when cover is less than 6".CON-MAT DEFECT Varies between 1943 to 1955 except when cover is less than 6".OUTSIDE FORCE Varies between 1938 to 1941 when depth of cover is less than 24". Varies between 1950 to 1957 when depth of cover is greater than 24". AVERAGE YEAR OF INSTALLATION OF PIPEDEPTH OfOUTSIDECON-MATDEFECTOTHERCOVER 0-6'CORROSION 1925FORCE 1938193319136-12"194019391946- 1918 191812"-18"19401939-18-24"193919411943193924-30"194019451947- 194130'-36"194719501950- 194236"-42"194419531954- 194142'-48'194619571954- 194848'-54"194219541952- 193654"-60"194419511955- 1957>60"194419531955- 1955The average year of installation of pipelines involved in incidents where outside force is thecause is more than ten years earlier when the depth of cover is twenty-four inches or less thanwhen it is greater than twenty-four inches. The earlier, average year of installation reflects thatmost of the pipe involved in the incidents was installed prior to the implementation of RSPAregulations. 23
CONCLUSION: Depth of cover is an important factor in causing incidents due to third party damage. Operators should be alert to risk by outside force for older pipelines installed at depths that would not satisfy current codes.RECOMMENDATION:The current incident report form should be modified to include depth of cover information.6.0 INCIDENTS AS RELATED TO LAND USE6.1 ALTRN DATABASE6.1.1 LAND USE AT THE TIME OF INSTALLATION OF THE PIPELINEIn the ALTRN database, the environmental description predominant type of land use at the in-cident site is given at the time of installation of the pipeline as well as at the time of the inci-dent. The choices available for land use description in the ALTRN incident form are: 1. Commercial 2. Industrial 3. Residential 4. Rural 5. Undeveloped 6. Unknown 7. OtherThere were 189 incidents reported in the ALTRN database where the "other" category was indi-cated for the land use near the pipeline at the time of installation. The following table shows thedescriptions provided along with the "other" entry, the number of entries for that category andthe corrected category, as interpreted by NJIT as based on the description. The descriptionshown in the table is the description as shown in the database sometimes truncated.A new category, offshore, was added as category 8. 24
ORIGINAL AND CORRECTED LAND USE CATEGORY FOR REcoRDs ORIGINALLY IN THE "OTHER" CATEGORYCOUNTORIGINALCATEGORYDESCRIPTIONCORRECTEDCATEGORY -697"Blank"647&4&541792M1.---667Comp.sta.627Farm lands4 -8 -57GulfMex.607Marine8 -27Marsh5 -17Mining2 -27Nueces8 -227Offshore8 -17Oilfield2 -67Pasture4 -17Power plant247River517Roadway6 -2 -17Ship channel17Swamp5 -17White rock6 -5 -17WoodedThe number of incidents in each category area was computed for the corrected database.The resulting number of incidents for each category of land use may now be totaled in the tablethat follows. No. OF INCIDENTS BY LAND USE AT TIME OF INSTALLATION OlF PIPELAND USECOUNT OF INCIDENTSCOMMERCIAL70INDUSTRIAL164RESIDENTIAL147RURAL5018UNDEVELOPED1022UNKNOWN135It is seen that almost all of the incidents occur at locations that were originally rural or undevel-oped 92% which is consistent with good design in that the pipeline location avoided populationcenters: 501 8˜1022/70+164+147+5018+1022+135 = 0.92 = 92% 25
6.1.2 LAND USE AT THE TIME OF THE INCIDENTThe land use of the area surrounding the pipeline at the time of the incident when compared tothe area at the time of installation of the pipeline is also of interest. A similar change was madein the "other" field of the land use category at the time of the incident as above. Category 7,"other", and category 8, offshore, were added and category 6 was changed to "unknown" forconsistency with categories used for the pipe at the time of installationOnly a fraction of the records had non-null values for the category of area at the time of the in-cident. Therefore, the table that follows carries only a small number of records as compared tothe table above.It is unusual that an operator would know the land use at the time of installation of the pipelineand not know the land use at the time of the incident when the form was filed. Clearly, there isan error in the database that requires investigation.RECOMMENDATION: The original written forms as submitted by the operators should be investigated to ensure that if the data was entered on the form it was also entered in the database. CHANGE IN LAND USE NEAR THE PIPE FROM THE TIME OF INSTALLATION TO THE TIME OF THE INCIDENT AT INSTALLATION AT TIME OF INCIDENT __________ ______ ___________LAND USECOMMERCIALINDUSTRIALRESIDENTIALRURALUNDEVELOPEDCOMMERCIAL190 J000INDUSTRIAL039 j~000RESIDENTIAL00 j 2900RURAL710 ~318396UNDEVELOPED36 J324141As would be expected, the commercial, industrial and residential land use areas at the time ofinstallation of the pipeline did not change its character at the time of the incident. The rural andundeveloped areas did change somewhat. For the areas that were originally rural, approxi-mately 6% of those areas changed in character. Of the areas that were originally undeveloped,approximately 20% changed in character.In the table that follows the cause of incidents in areas that have undergone land use changesince the pipe was installed is given. It is seen that the distribution, by cause, changes in char-acter.26
CAUSE OF INCIDENTS IN AREAS THAT UNDERGo CHANGE IN LAND USE ORIGINALLY RURAL AREAAREA BECOMES->COMMERCIALINDUSTRIALRESIDENTIALRURALUNDEVELOPEDCORROSION1121351OUTSIDE FORCE47143972CON-MAT DEFECT11132593OTHER112480Where rural areas become commercial or industrial the dominant cause of incidents is outsideforce. Where rural becomes residential, the distribution of incidents by cause does not changematerially from the area that remains rural. CAUSE OF INCIDENTS IN AREAS THAT UNDERGO CHANGE IN LAINID USE ORIGINALLY UNDEVELOPED AREAAREA BECOMES->]ÁOMMERCIAL]JNDUSTRIAL]RESIDENTIAL]RURAL:i UNDEVELOPEDCORROSION011022OUTSIDE FORCE21122 J57CON-MAT DEFECT121159OTHER020 -13When undeveloped land becomes rural the dominant cause of incidents is outside force.CONCLUSION: Where undeveloped land use becomes rural the dominant cause of inci- dents is outside force. The total number of incidents in the group under study is limited; however, there is a clear trend that outside force be- comes the dominant cause of incidents.6.2 PIP DATABASE 1982-19846.2.1 INCIDENTS BY LAND USE NEAR PIPELINESIn the PIP database, the environmental description predominant type of area at the incidentsite is given at the time of installation of the pipeline as well as at the time cf the incident. Thechoices for the type of area on the PIP incident form are: a Commercial b Industrial c Residential d Rural 27
e Undeveloped f Unknown g OtherThere were 32 entries where "other" was indicated for land use. The following table shows thedescriptive entries sometimes truncated provided along with the "other" entry and the newcategory as interpreted by NJIT. A new category, offshore, was added as category H. LAND USE - REDEFINE OTHER CATEGORYORIGINAL VALUELAND USE DESCRIPTIONNEWVALUEGRIVER CROSSINGEGGULF OF MEXICOHGPASTUREDGNGPL STATIONBGOFFSHOREHGOFFSHORE GULFHGCLASSIDGGULF OF MEXICOHGRIVER CROSSINGEGOFFSHOREH0PASTUREDGCOMPRESSORFGOFFSHORE OCSHGGULF OF MEXICOHGPASTUREDGOFFSHOREHGRIVER CROSSINGEGFOREST AREAEGRIVEREGCOMPSTAFGCLASS1DGMARSH LANDEGOFFSHOREHGRIVER CROSSINGEGRIVERBEDEGOFFSHOREHGOFFSHOREHGOFF SHOREHGGULFOFMEXHGOFFSHOREHGOFFSHOREHUtilizing the adjusted data in the "other" category, the number of incidents is calculated by landuse category. 28
NUMBER OF INcIDENTS BY LAND USE CATEGORY AT THE TIME OF THE INCIDENTLAND USE AT INCIDENTCOUNTCOMMERCIAL7INDUSTRIAL6RESIDENTIAL13RURAL435UNDEVELOPED109It is seen that almost all of the incidents occur at locations that were originally rural or undevel-oped [435+109/7+6+13+435+109 = 0.98 = 98%], which is consistent with good design bylocating pipelines in rural and undeveloped areas.The type of area surrounding the pipeline at the time of the incident as compared to the area atthe time of installation is also of interest. A similar change was made in the "other" field of theland use category at the time of the incident, as above. Category G, "other", and category H,offshore, were added and category F was changed to unknown. Since fewer records have theland use at the time of the incident, the following table has fewer entries than the previous table.CHANGE IN LAND USE BETWEEN THE TIME OF INSTALLATION AND THE TIME OF THE INCIDENT COMMERCIAL [INDUSTRIAL I RESIDENTIAL RURAL UNDEVELOPEDCOMMERCIAL50000INDUSTRIAL0600 - 0RESIDENTIAL00110 - 0RURAL4610405 - 1UNDEVELOPED23416 - 82As would be expected, the commercial, industrial and residential areas at the time of installationof the pipeline did not change the character of its land use at the time of the incident. The ruraland undeveloped areas did change somewhat. For the areas that were originally rural, ap-proximately 5% of those areas changed in character. Of the areas that were originally undevel-oped, approximately 23% changed in character. These changes are consistent with thechanges reported in the ALTRN database.In the table that follows the cause of incidents in areas that have undergone change since thepipe was installed are presented. The distribution of incidents, by cause, changes in character.Where rural areas become commercial, industrial or residential the dominant cause is outsideforce and the secondary force is construction or material defect. Where undeveloped land be-comes rural, the dominant cause of incidents is outside force and corrosion. Where it becomesindustrial and residential the dominant cause of the incident is outside force.. The total numberof incidents in the group under study is limited; however, there is a clear trend that outside forcebecomes the dominant cause of incidents.29
CAUSE OF INCIDENTS IN AREAS THAT UNDERGO CHANGE IN LAND USEAREA BECOMES->COMMERCIALINDUSTRIAL [RESIDENTIALRURAL [UNDEVELOPEDCORROSION101790OUTSIDE FORCE1451571CON-MAT DEFECT2131450OTHER011240CAUSE OF INCIDENTS IN AREAS THAT UNDERGO CHANGE IN LAND USEORIGINALLY UNDERDEVELOPED AREAAREA BECOMES->COMMERCIALINDUSTRIALRESIDENTIALRURALUNDEVELOPEDCORROSION001628OUTSIDE FORCE131725CON-MAT DEFECT102224OTHER00015With regard to the small number of records where the land use at the time of the incident ispresent, consider the following table.6.2.2 ANALYSIS OF DATABASE WITH REGARD TO COMPLETENESS OF RECORDS AT TIME OF INCIDENTIt is of interest to study the land use data, by year, for the number of incidents.ANALYSIS OF DATABASE WITH REGARD TO COMPLETENESS OF RECORDS AT TIME OF INCIDENTYEARINCIDENT COUNTLAND USE KNOWN INCIDENT COUNTLAND USE NOT KNOWN19700615197106611972064419730657197405631975050019760435197714811978248819798412198036181981406819824555The fact that the data present with regard to land use at the time of the incident varies by yearindicates that the data may exist but were not entered into the database. 30
This conclusion is reinforced by the fact that there is a greater probability that an operator willknow the land use at the time of the incident when the incident report is being written than atthe time of installation which could be decades earlier. The data present in the database areopposite to this obvious conclusion.Combining the ALTRN and PIP databases, the number of incidents by type of land use at thetime of the incident may be obtained for the period 1970-1983.6.2.3 INCIDENTS VS. LAND UsE AT THE TIME OF INCIDENTIt is also of interest to view the distribution of incident causes as a function of the land use atthe time of the pipeline installation as a table and as a graph. INCIDENTS VS. LAND USE AT TIME OF ACCIDENTLAND USE [# of INCIDENTSCOMMERCIAL42INDUSTRIAL74RESIDENTIAL95RURAL1301UNDEVELOPED233The data in the table above and the charts that follow are from 1970 to 1983. CAUSE VS. LAND USE AT TIME OF PIPE INSTALLATION ALTRN + PIP DATABASES 1970-1983 CORROSION OUTSIDE FORCE CON-MAT DEFECT I OTHERCOMMERCIAL104221INDUSTRIAL188741 -24RESIDENTIAL20844412RURAL84321492194 -267UNDEVELOPED196409476 -5031
LAND USE vs CAUSE % 1970-1 983 cauartal.xlsIn viewing the graph above, one may draw the following conclusions on the distribution of inci-dents by cause vs. land use on a percent basis: 1. The intensity of development decreases from left to right on the graph, in general. 2. Corrosion, as a cause increases slightly with development. 3. Outside force decreases as intensity of development intensity decreases. 4. Construction and material defect increase as a cause as development intensity de- creasesCONCLUSION: When the land use near a pipeline is more intense the dominant source of incidents is third party damage. This leads to the conclusion that when development encroaches on a pipeline, the system becomes more vulnerable to third party damage.63 TLEAK DATABASE 1984-19936.3.1 INCIDENTS VS. CLASS LOCATIONIn the TLEAK database, class location is recorded for each incident. The distribution of inci-dents by class location is presented in the following table. The "0" entry means that the class 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40%~ 30%0 20% 10% 0%NDUSTRLA~L coMM~ClAL R$DB'J11AL RURAL UNDEV~OPED LAND USE0 CORROSKJN Q OJ~SDE FORcE * CON-MAT D~T 0 OTHER32
was not entered into the record. CLASS LocATION VS. INCIDENT RATE TLEAK DATABASECLASSINCIDENTS0114151325039747The lower the class location number, the more rural the land use surrounding the pipelineexcepting 0. The largest number of incidents occurred in Class I areas. This probably relatesto the fact that most of the pipeline mileage in the system is Class I. This assumption cannotbe verified since such data are not available on a system wide basis.This distribution is also related to the fact that the allowable operating stress for a transmissionpipeline decreases with increasing class value. The lower the operating pressure, the smallerthe likelihood of an incident occurring from material defect.The higher number of incidents in Class 3 locations than Class 2 locations may be caused by agreater number of miles of pipe in Class 3 than Class 2. This speculation should be verified bydetermining the number of miles of pipe in the country by class location. If the information isnot available, it should be obtained by OPS.6.3.2 PRoPERTY DAMAGE VS. CLAss LOCATIONThe average property damage vs. class location may also be generated from the TLEAK data-base. These results are summarized in the table below. CLASS LOCATION VS. INCIDENT RATE AND PRoPERTY DAMAGE 1CLASS IINCIDENTSAVERAGE PROPERTY DAMAGE090$442,3521382$194,493231$275,341363$78,38343$63,583There are fewer incidents in this table than the prior table since only those records with a prop-erty damage reported are included in the calculations. It is of interest that the largest averageproperty damage occurred where the class location was not reported. 33
As with the ALTRN database, the more rural area has the larger average property damage.The reduced operating stress at higher class location values has reduced the number of inci-dents and the resulting damage that results. Property damage is expected to be a function ofthe operating pressure as well as other factors. Gas flow rates will be greater at higher pres-sures and thereby the resulting material loss would be greater. A resulting fire or explosionwould impact a greater area at higher pressures.6.3.3 PROPERTY DAMAGE VS. LAND USE AT TIME OF INSTALLATION OF THE PIPELINE 1970-1981The average property damage sustained in reported incidents for a given land use was ex-tracted from the ALTRN database - 1970 to 1981. This data is summarized in the table belowwhere all records processed had non zero values for property damage. Three sets of averageswere calculated. The first set included all records with non-zero property damage. The secondset excluded the 1% of the records with the highest property damage since these few recordswould greatly skew the averages. The third set excluded the top 2% to see the sensitivity of theresults to the smaller groups. AVERAGE PRoPERTY DAMAGES VS. LAND USE AT THE TIME OF INSTALLATION OF THE PIPELAND USE ALLRECORDSAVERAGEDAMAGES LESSTOP 1%AVERAGEDAMAGES LESSTOP 2%AVERAGEDAMAGES ALLRECORDSSTD DEV LESSTOP 1%STD DEV LESSTOP 2%STD DEVCOMMERCIAL$5,084$5,084$5,084$8,537$8,537$8,537INDUSTRIAL$11,138$9,205$6,854$32,282$24,233$14,682RESIDENTIAL$5,758$5,758$4,674$14,647$14,647$9,212RURAL$16,016$6,306$5,268$199,395$17,318$11,437UNDEVELOPED$25,794$9,462$7,218$145,895$24,250$15,584UNKNOWN$59,628$26,052$13,018$139,908$50,247$26,155The following observations may be made when all records are included: 1. The smallest average damages occurred in the developed areas at the time of instal- lation commercial, industrial and residential. 2. The highest damages occurred where the land was originally undeveloped or un- known. 3. The average property damage is much less than its standard deviation. 4. Finally, in those areas where the original land use was not known, the average dam- * age is double the average undeveloped damages, the next largest value. 34
Since the data may be skewed by the small number of very large events, the average propertydamage will be recomputed by subtracting the one and two percent of the data with the largestdamage values. Studying these records, the following observations may be made: 1. None of the top two percent of the incidents occurs in commercial areas. 2. Few of the top two percent of the incidents occur in industrial areas. 3. Rural, residential and unknown areas have their averages reduced to between 1/3 and 1/4 of their original value indicating that, in damages, the top 2%of the incidents occur for these categories.The surprising results on property damage vs. land use suggest that it would be of interest tocompare the damages to the land use at the time of the incident for the top 2%, approximately,or those with damages equal to or greater than $100,000. AVERAGE DAMAGES VS. LAND USE CHANGELAND USE AT INSTALLATIONLAND USE AT INCIDENTAVERAGE DAMAGES# INCIDENTSINDUSTRIALUNKNOWN$173,7502INDUSTRIALINDUSTRIAL$200,000 -1RESIDENTIALRESIDENTIAL$125,000 -1RURALUNKNOWN$486,543 -29RURALRURAL$1,063,665 -22UNDEVELOPEDUNKNOWN$491,935 -19UNDEVELOPEDUNDEVELOPED$367,541 -8UNKNOWNUNKNOWN$269,25919UNKNOWNUNDEVELOPED$200,000 -1The following analysis may be made: 1. Of the 102 records, only one occurred in a commercial or residential area and that had the smallest average damages at $125,000. This suggests that the system is working because the major accidents are occurring within low population areas. 2. The highest damages occurred in rural areas. It suggests that this may be an area where the largest pipe with the largest pressures and flows occur since there is not significant population present.The two next highest values occur in rural and undeveloped areas where the land use was notrecorded at the time of the incident. These may reflect encroachment on the pipeline afterconstruction or the same reason as 2, above. The original reports, if they still exist, could beused to verify the hypothesis. 35
7.0 METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF STEEL PIPEThe incident reports used from 1970 to 1983 included information on the method used tomanufacture steel pipe. The incident count vs. method of manufacture of steel pipe follows:MATERIAL DEFECT INCIDENTS DURING PERIOD 1970-1983 BY YEAR OF INSTALLATION LES - Seamless Pipe ERW - Electric Resistance Weld Pipe BUT - Butt Welded Pipe ARC - Submerged Arc Weld Pipe LAP - Furnace Lap Weld PipeYEARLESERWARCBUTLAP1913119141915311916119171918319192192019211922192319246192511926319271151928321929721121193021343193111021171932119331193411193517193616193724193811939292319402153194112411942071319431086151944294194541946531191947312319482832YEARLESERWARCBUTLAP19493581911950-6058242195124394219522621131953268211954110311955986319563342195723101195836141195931931960125196111419621226196311317196429119651821966111967211119681119692311970315619713182119724247197332815197432391197512197615319771519781511979621980141981311198219831136
These data are summarized from the ALTRN and PIP databases. The type of pipe manufac-ture included: * Seamless * Electric-resistance welded * Submerged-arc welded * Butt welded * Furnace-lap welded.The total number of incidents by year of incident and type of manufacture are given in the pre-ceding table. All incidents are caused by "material defect".The data are presented graphically and may be found on the following page.The graphical presentation of incidents by year of installation shows spikes of incidents for pipeinstalled during the periods: * 1929 to 1931 Furnace-lap, electric-resistance & butt welded pipe * 1943 Electric-resistance welded pipe * 1949 to 1952 Electric-resistance & submerged-arc welded pipe * 1953 to 1963 Electric-resistance welded pipe * 1970 to 1974 Electric resistance welded pipeInformation is not available to the authors on the miles of pipe installed each year or theirmethod of manufacture. From the data in the `70-79 Annual Reports, one may observe thatthe `50's had slightly smaller number of miles of pipe installed than the `60's, while there was amarkedly larger number of incidents due to construction or material defect for electric-resistance and submerged-arc welded pipe. 37
LUI-04LI.z4LI.0LU0.>.I-Uz0I-4-J-J4I-Uz4LU>-LUUI-zLU0zLU-j4Li.-J4LU a, 0. 0. a, 0. Ca -J a, C C = U. -J a, a. 0. a C. a, a, E Cl . a, a. a. a, a a, a- 0~ a C C a I U, a C C a, w w a, a. a. Cl, C', E a a Cl U w -I.DD.~~96 1.61.61.91.61.CL6 I.01.61.1.961.t'96 1.1.961.8961.9961. 0 -J6t'61. ~91'61. >-0P6 I.LC6 1.t~C6 I.I_ce I.8Z6 I.9~6 I.~Z6 1.61.61.91.61.E1.61.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 ~ C'J 0 U 0 ~ i .NflOO iN3~I3Nl38
Insights may be gained by comparing the spikes in the chart by the of installation vs. the type ofmanufacture with the percent distribution of incidents by cause vs. year of installation. Combin-ing data from ALTRN and PIP, the following table and chart may be generated for recordswhere the incident was on the body of the pipe. PERcENT MATERIAL FAILURE INCIDENTS BY YEAR IN PERCENTYEARTOTALMATERIALFAILURE% MATERIAL FAILURE19131317.691914400.00191510440.0019161715.8819172500.0019186350.0019197228.571920900.001921700.0019221800.001923500.00192427622.2219253612.7819263937.6919278078.75192810055.0019291854122.1619302724918.0119312563112.1119322414.17193314214.29193415213.33193530826.67193657712.28193746613.0419382114.761939561628.5719401072018.691941642640.631942511121.57194316911165.681944531528.30194532721.881946721926.3919471253628.801948951515.79YEARTOTALMATERIALFAILURE% MATERIAL FAILURE19491878143.321950297 -144_48.48195125514155.2919521947840.2119531123733.0419546615_22.731955942627.6619561023938.24195712134_51_2528.10195813537.78195910922.9419601201714.1719618515_17.651962842934.5219638322_26.511964581220.691965861112.791966832 -526_2.411967766.581968902.221969629.681970862427.911971794253.161972823542.6819739646_47.921974823643.90197520315.001976399623.0819773616.6719782678_5_502026.9219792927.5919802222.7319812222.73198230.001983450.00198420.0039
The number of incidents in this table may not match up, by year, with the data in the precedingtable by type of steel manufacture. This occurs sometimes because one of the fields beingchecked in the database inquiry may by its value or absence remove that record from consid-eration. The slight variation caused in the tables is not large and does not effect the analysis.The data spikes observed in the chart, "Material Failure Incidents Per Year of Pipe Installationvs. Type of Manufacture" may now be compared to the percent of material failure incidents forthe years of interest. The average percent material failure rate for the table above is computedas: 21.96%Spikes in the incident count by manufacture are observed in the chart, "Steel Pipe - Year In-stalled vs. Manufacture" for certain years. These spikes and the percent of incidents caused byconstruction-material defect are shown in the table that follows. The average percent failuresby construction-material defects for the period of record is thirty-three percent. The deviationfrom the average +/-% is also shown. YEARS WITH SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF MATERIAL FAILURESERW - Electric ResistanceBUT - Butt WeldARC - Submerged-Arc WeldLAP - Furnace Lap WeldWhere there is a spike in electric resistance welded pipe incidents, the percent of material de-fects is above average, sometimes quite significantly. This trend indicates that the spikes werenot caused by having large miles of pipe installed for the years involved because if it were onlylarge miles of pipe, one would not expect the distribution by cause to likewise change.YEARERWARCBUTLAP% MAT=/-% avg194386001566441952621103401819506058242482619495819014321195143942055331958361401381619563340238161947312032971973281504826195326821331119722470432119742391442219572310102861971182105331193110211712-10192972112122019300134318-440
The table has been sorted by number of spikes in electric resistance welds and divided intothree groups. The first two groups show a trend of decreasing percent of material defects asincident cause as the number of electric resistance welds decreased. The first two groupsshow those trends somewhat independently.The pipe installed in the seventies appear to be more sensitive to electric resistance pipe con-sidering the higher above average percents recorded and the shorter time in the ground ofthose pipe. The incidents under review occurred in the period from 1970 to 1983.The third group in the table contains one record with a spike in furnace lap welded pipe. Thepercent of cause for material defect decreased slightly from the average for this case indicatingthat this type of weld does not have a major effect on this type of incident. The three records inthis group have the smallest number of electric-resistance weld incidents and are at average orslightly below average in the percent of total incidents by cause.The submerged arc welded pipe appears to have a lesser effect on the shift in cause to materialdefect. In the first group, there are two years 1950 & 1951 where the submerged arc weldedpipe has major spikes which produced a small additional shift in cause.The question of the spikes in the chart being caused by a large number of miles of pipe beinginstalled in those years may be examined by reviewing the data on the miles of pipe in the sys-tem by decade. This data was summarized for the annual reports from that period. The annualreports are maintained in the databases, AT7079 and AT8081. The total miles of pipe by dec-ade are summarized below. The average length of pipe is averaged over the period of recordin the database, 1970-1981. AVERAGE LENGTH OF PIPE MILES FROM 1970 TO 1981 BY DECADE OF INSTALLATIONDECADEAVERAGE LENGTH OF PIPE Miles<193012,0661930-3918,2591940-4928,9031950-5982,1681960-6985,6771970-7929,0391980-8116,954There are three spikes in the data in the 1940's. Even if all of the pipe installed in that decadewas built in only those three years, there is not enough miles of pipe installed in that decade toaccount for the data spikes. A similar analysis could be made for the data in the `70's wherethere were spikes in four of the years of the decade. 41
The information above may be summarized by decade to coincide with the miles of pipe in thetotal system which is known by year of installation in ten year periods. This information is foundin the annual reports from 1970 to 1983. MATERIAL DEFECT INCIDENTS DURING PERIoD 1970-1983 BY DECADE OF INSTALLATIONYEAR ILESIERWIARC BUT LAP<1930011215461930-39624318711940-4925241282451950-59832121335131960-69108220271970-792013164101980-8328110 LES - Seamless Pipe ERW - Electric Resistance Weld Pipe BUT - Butt Welded Pipe ARC - Submerged Arc Weld Pipe LAP - Furnace Lap Weld PipeThe last line in the table contains data for only four years and is included for completeness only.This data is also best summarized graphically. It is seen that the submerged-arc welded pipewas a major factor during the `50's and `70's. Electric-resistance welds are an important factorin the period from 1940 to 1970, especially in the `40's and `50's.I~LESII-i*B~WI*IDAROii i*_fu;_gIJ~1k.~L LES SEAMLESS PIPE ERW - ELECTRIC RESISTANCE WELD PIPE BUT - Burr WELDED PIPE ARC - Submerged Arc Weld Pipe LAP - Furnace Lap Weld PipeThis information is further amplified by dividing the number of incidents per decade of installa-tion by the average total miles of pipe in service for the same decade. MATERIAL FAILURE INCIDENTS by DECADE OF INSTALLATION & PIPE MANUFACTURE yrstla.xls 350 300~ 25010 200z ___________________________ 150 100~ 50 0~ <1930 1930-39 1940-49 1950-59 1960-69 1970-79 1980-83 DECADE OF INSTALLATION42
The incidents occurred during the period from 1970 to 1983 and were caused by material fail-ure. One may then compute the incidents per 1,000 mi year by taking the incidents per decadeof installation, divide same by the average miles of pipe in service for that decade, multiply theresult by 1,000 and divide the result by 10 to move the results from decade to year. MATERIAL DEFECT INCIDENTS BY DECADE INCIDENTS /1,000 MI-YRDECADE[LES1ERWARCBUTLAP<19300.000.090.020.120.381930-390.030.130.020.100.391940-490.090.830.100.010.161950-590.010.390.260.040.021960-690.010.100.020.000.011970-790.070.450.220.000.001980-810.010.050.010.010.00 LES - Seamless Pipe ERW - Electric Resistance Weld Pipe BUT - Butt Welded Pipe ARC - Submerged Arc Weld Pipe LAP - Furnace Lap Weld Pipe LES - Seamless Pipe ERW - Electric Resistance Weld Pipe BUT - Butt Welded Pipe ARC - Submerged Arc Weld Pipe LAP - Furnace Lap Weld PipeBased on the plot above, this data which is "normalized", with regard to total miles of pipe inthe system not the miles of pipe by each type of manufacture, the following observations maybe made: 1. The highest material defect incident rate from 1970 to 1983 occurred in pipe installed in the 1940'sINCIDENTS - 1,000 mi-yr by DECADE OF INSTALLATION & PIPE MANUFACTURE yrstla.xls 0.90~ 0.80E 0.700~ 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30~ 0.20C.z 0.10 0.00~LESDARCIOBUT.~<1930 1930- 1940- 1950- 1960- 1970- 1980- 39 49 59 69 79 81 DECADE OF INSTALLATION43
2. The highest material defect incident rate was in electric-resistance welded pipe in- stalled in the 1940's. 3. Furnace-lap welded pipe was the dominant pipe subject to material defect incidents prior to the 1940's. 4. The pipe installed in the 1960's shows a low material defect incident rate while that installed in the 1970's shows a very high material defect incident rate. When one considers that the data were taken during the seventies and very little pipe installed in the seventies was in the ground, on average, to be subject to incidents, the material defect incidents were very high.CONCLUSION: Although complete normalization of the data is not possible at this time, it is clear that the electric resistance welded pipe has a high rate of ma- terial failures especially those installed in the 1940's and the 1970's. Similarly, the incident rate in the `60's was very low.7.1 PIPE MANUFACTURER vs. TYPE OF MATERIAL FAILUREA study of the ALTRN database may be utilized to determine any relationships that might existbetween the manufacturer and the type of material failures that occur on their pipe. The resultsof this analysis may be found in the table on the following page.It is seen that 53% of the material failure incidents occurred in electric resistance welded pipeand slightly more than 21% in submerged arc welded pipe. While most of the manufacturerslisted have very few incidents, several probably the larger manufacturers show distinct pat-terns as to the type of material failure. It is difficult to draw conclusions since the miles of pipein the system by manufacturer and type of. manufacture are not known and hence the data can-not be normalized. TYPE OF MATERIAL FAILURE INCIDENTS VS. PIPE MANUFACTURE LS - Seamless Pipe ER. Electric Resistance Weld Pipe BT - Butt Welded Pipe AC. Submerged Arc Weld Pipe LP - Furnace Lap Weld PipeMANUFACTURER ~AC I BT I LPNot Known92511945114A. 0. SMITH32411320ACERO DEL PACIF026800AMERICAN10000AMER MANNEX01100AMERICAN PIPE002000AMERICAN STEEL041000ARMCO STEEL2012240BASALTSTEEL00700MANUFACTURERLS I ER I AC I BT I LPBEALLPIPETANK04000BESSEMER STEEL00001BETHLEHEM STEEL091503CAL-METAL PIPE06000CAPITOL10000CLAYMONT STEELCODEACERODEPA0000810000COL. IRON&FUEL00200COMPANIA DE ACE0300044
MANUFACTURER[LS I ER AC I BT I LPCON WESTERN003000CONCENTRIC10000CONTINENT EMSCO10000COOPER STEEL00010DRAVO CORP.10000DYNAMIC PRODUCT00100FLUOR PRODUCTS20000GEN WELDING WKS10000HACKNEY IRON10000HOUSTON PIPE10000INLAND STEEL00100NTERLAKE, INC.01000NTERST STEEL01000TALSIDER01200JONES LAUGHLIN235000KAISER STEEL02813110KANE00100LADISHCO.20000LONE STAR STEEL028300MANNESMAN HOES00100MAST TANK & WEL00300NATIONAL TUBE31321066NEWPORT STEEL10000MANUFACTURERLS I ER I AC I BT I LPNIPPON STEEL01000NTL TK & BLR CO10000PEERLESS MFG10000REPUBLIC STEEL216652130SMITHWAY00100SOUTHWESTERN P102000SPANG00006STUPP CORP061060TARANTO00100TAYLOR FORGE20400TEXTUBE111000TUBACERO S. A.`05000TUBE FORGINGS10000USSTEEL27642000VALLOUREC01400WESTERN KAISER00800WHEELING STEEL00010WWIRESPENCER01.300WORTH STEEL00400YNGSTNSHT&TB5191177TOTAL INCIDENTS183982398100197%TOTALI105321511Some insights may be gained by analyzing the manufacturer of various types of pipe manufac-ture for the years showing spikes in the number of incidents found in the earlier part of this sec-tion. The data in the following table is for pipe manufactured by the electric resistance weldprocess. UNCIDENTS FOR YEARS WITH UNusUAL NUMBER OF MATERIAL FAILURES ELECTRIC RESISTANCE WELD MANuFACTUREUnknown1A. 0. SMITH2REPUBLIC STEEL16YNGSTNSHT&TB671929-1931Unknown1A. 0. SMITH11NATIONAL TUBE1REPUBLIC STEEL1YNGSTNSHT&TB21949-1953Unknown8A.O.SMITH92ACERO DEL PACIF26COMPANIADE ACE3KAISER STEEL -10NATIONAL TUBE -2NEWPORT STEEL1REPUBLIC STEEL_23STUPP CORP -7YNGSTN SHT & TB64MANUFACTURER I Count1943MANUFACTURER I Count45
MANUFACTURER I Count1971-1974Unknown1AMERICAN STEEL12BEALL PIPE TANK1BETHLEHEM STEEL4INTERLAKE, INC.1INTERST STEEL1JONES LAUGHLIN8MANUFACTURERCountKAISER STEEL5LONE STAR STEEL8NIPPON STEEL1REPUBLIC STEEL14STUPP CORP15TEXTUBE1USSTEEL19YNGSTNSHT&TB1The table speaks for itself. It is not possible to normalize the data because the informationneeded to do so is not available. It is not known if other manufacturers produced electric resis-tance weld pipe during those~periods or how many miles of pipe were placed by the manufac-turer.One may safety conclude, however, that an operator with pipe installed for the years above andmanufactured by the companies cited above for electric resistance weld pipe should realize thatthose pipe are at special risk for manufacture defect failure.8.0 INCIDENTS vs. YEARS OF OPERATIONThe ALTRN, PIP and TLEAK databases have been analyzed to determine if the number andtypes of incidents are related to the years of operation of the pipeline. The chart below showsthe number of incidents that have occurred for various years of pipe operation. This is obtainedby subtracting the year of installation from the year of the incident for all incident records andgrouping same. This chart includes all causes of incidents.ALL INCIDENTS vs YEARS OF PIPELINE OPERATION age agecaua.xlsz0C.I-.z0C.z0 20 40 60 80 100YEARS OF OPERATION.cou~j12046
At the year of installation, 0 years of operation, there are more than 300 incidents. This reflectsincidents associated with the installation and potential construction defects. There is a discon-tinuity at 20 and 40 years. This corresponds to the incidents that show as spikes in the early`30's and `50's in the chart of incidents by year of installation since the majority of incidentswere from the years 1970 to 1981.Otherwise, the incident rate by pipe age is in a range for the first 10 years of operation. Therate then increases for the next 15 to 20 years, stays in a band for the next twenty years, andthen declines steadily to a very low rate reflecting in part the decrease in operational pipe atmore than 50 years of age.The same analysis was then made by incident cause. The four charts that follow reflect the re-lationship by age of pipe and the incident rate by cause of incident.As the pipe ages, the number of corrosion incidents increases almost linearly for approximately25 years where it remains in a band for the next 25 years. After 60 years of operation, thenumber of incidents is small reflecting the small number of pipelines in operation at that age.-__*-__ #~ I`.~___-_-___-__ I,~ * o6*.* ~*.*** *.*. *b.. .*,* **. ~.a. V.* ~ 4*~~___~*:~~si..su?-__-__-__-__ CORROSION INCIDENTS vs YEARS OF PIPELINE OPERATION age agecaua.xIS 50 45 40~ 350 _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ____~ 30 _________ 25 *COUNT~ 20~3 15~10 5~ _____ 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 YEARS OF OPERATION47
Although there is a scattering of the data, there is a clear pattern of approximately 30 to 60 inci-dents per year for the first fifty years of operation. This then decreases markedly as the num-ber of miles of pipe of that age becomes very small.*.."~~*sss~In the first year of operation there is a large number of incidents reflecting initial problems inconstruction failure. Subsequently, the rate increases slowly with age for about 30 years.There are spikes of incidents at 20 and 40 years as previously discussed. Otherwise, the rateis steady for approximately 15 years where it decreases slightly and again holds steady for anadditional 15 years. It then decreases reflecting the small mileage of pipeline over 50 years ofoperational age.70OUTSIDE FORCE INCIDENTS vs YEARS OF PIPELINE OPERATION age agecaua.xls 60z~ 500 40 200 20 40 60 80couNrYEARS OF OPE~ATION100 120 CONSTRUCTION-MATERIAL DEFECTS INCIDENTS vs YEARS OF PIPELINE OPERATION age agecaua.xls 300I _____ ____ ____-z 250 200~ 150 couin~~ 100U~ 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 YEARS OF OPR~ATION48
The other category reflects a band width approximately 10 units wide for the first 50 years ofoperation where it then drops off to a small number reflecting the small mileage of pipe at thatage.9.0 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE, CORROSION AND INCIDENT RATESThe relationship between incidents, cause and age can now be reported by individual cause.This may be found in the following plot. It is also useful to plot the data by a five year movingaverage to smooth out the annual discontinuities. The moving average plot follows the plot bycause.It is seen that virtually all four causes have their incident rates begin to decline after approxi-mately forty-five years. It appears that the miles of pipeline in the system by age declines atabout that point. This is seen in both charts but more clearly in the five year moving averagewhich smoothes out the random annual peaks.Further, within the annual variations, corrosion, outside force and other incidents are reasona-bly uniform lie within a band width over the first forty-five years with the exception that corro-sion incidents increase slowly over the first fifteen years from an initial low value.OTHER INCIDENTS vs YEARS OF PIPELINE OPERATION age agecaua.xlsI-z0C.,I-zUi0C.z3025201510 50~cou~r~0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90YEARS OF OPERATION49
w -I z w 2 0 z 0 Cl 8LUC,ULUClC-,IdClI-zLUCz8LSL699909t7g9t~~t7 ~_6C9cccOEj7~8LSL69C0o 0 0 0 0 0 00 LC 0 I! 0 1 Cj .NflOO .LN3aIONI50
0 xuJ~wuJ>Cl5;jow<0>~,U"->z 09L91.6999909i's1.9Si'91'69CE0SI.91.69C0w0zQClm80 0 0 0 0 0 0o q 0 q 0d o o o0 tO 0 tO 0 cj -. .NflOO iN~aI3NI
It is of interest to see if the relationship of corrosion with age would vary with the thickness ofpipeline. Two charts follow. The first shows the incident count with age for three ranges ofthickness. The second is the five year average of the data which is used to smooth out the dis-continuities and more clearly indicate the trends.The charts are reasonably clear: * If the pipe wall thickness is greater than 3/8 inch, there will be few corrosion failures. * For the first twenty-three years, only corrosion incidents occur primarily in thin wall pipe less than 1/4 inch. * After twenty five years, corrosion incidents are not as sensitive to thickness below 3/8 inch. * There are only five years in the period of record where there are corrosion incidents for pipe with a wall thickness greater than 3/8 inch. This is a random event and not a function of age. * For pipe with wall thickness between 1/4 inch and 3/8 inch, there are intermittent low level of incidents beginning at eight years and continuing to twenty eight years. The incident rate for these pipe then increases significantly for the next twenty-five years where the incident rates drop off due to what is assumed to be low pipe mileage at that age. * For pipe with wall thickness less than 1/4 inch, the incidents initiate at an earlier point in time 5 years and the rate grows for the next few years where it remains in a band for the next forty-five years. * The five year trend shows that the thinner pipe has incidents at an earlier age and grows more rapidly till a somewhat steady rate is achieved. 16 14 12C. 10z ~ ~icLrt ____________ CORROSION INCIDENTS vs AGE AND PIP EWALL THICKNESS in~ ~J~H 411 ~ lu AGE yrsL~L~~i~<=.25 ~>.25-<=.375 ~>.37552
CONCLUSION: Pipe wall thickness is of key importance with regard to corrosion mci- dents. Thinner pipe is far more vulnerable. Pipe with wall thickness greater than 3/8 inch does not appear to be very susceptible to corrosion failures.10.0 PIPE DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS vs. INCIDENT RATES10.1 ALTRN DATABASE 1970-1982he following table shows the number of incidents reported for each year in the database. Italso shows the number of incidents where the diameter of the pipe was present in the databaseas well as the number of incidents where the thickness of pipe was given and where both thediameter and thickness were present in the database. NUMBER OF INCIDENTS WITH DATA REPORTEDYRTOTALDIAMETERKNOWNTHICKNESS KNOWN DIAMETER &THICKNESS KNOWN7059820011716582052272619220227367627522745862082275498189007640520831318FIVE YEAR AVERAGE of INCIDENTS vs AGE AND PIPEWALL THICKNESS agethkO.xls 7z005I-ILlz 0U C C N- ~- U C C N- - U C ~ N- Lt C C~ N- . N N N C~ C~ ~ ~ ~ U U ~O C~D 0 N- NAGE age<=25 - - - - >.25-<=.375 >~75 153
YRTOTALDIAMETERKNOWNTHICKNESS 1 KNOWN I DIAMETER &THICKNESS KNOWN7749044942142178474231383879452389361361803613343073078141237935335382477418397397TOTAL6706370519171917It is seen that the number of incidents reported varies approximately between six and sevenhundred per year from 1970 to 1974. The number of incidents then remains in a range be-tween four and five hundred per year for the next seven years.The data in the table is, likewise, presented graphically below.~±HiiL HFor eight of the first nine years, the diameter field is known for only 1/3 of the records and thethickness is virtually never recorded. From 1979 - 1982 the diameter and thickness field is pre-sent for almost all records. This suggests that the data may not have been entered into thedatabase but may well have been present on the incident forms. It is unlikely that an operatorfilling out an incident report will not know the diameter or the thickness in certain years only.RECOMMENDATION: The original incident data forms as submitted by the operators should be reviewed and the databases corrected accordingly.INCIDENTS PER YEAR WHERE DIAMETER AND THICKNESS ARE KNOWN yralta.xls 700,... 600z 500 400 300a 200 100 0~0 TOTAL INCIDB'JTSUDIAM KNOWN0 ThICKNESS KNOWN0 DLAM,THK KNOWN1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982YEAR54
10.1.1 INCIDENT RATE VS. PIPE THICKNESS AND PIPE DIAMETERA study of the ALTRN database with regard to incident rates for various pipe wall thicknessesproduces the results shown in the plot that follows. Although the incident reports do not appearto have been completely entered into the database, insights into the cause of incidents may beobtained. NUMBER OF INCIDENTS VS. PIPE WALL THICKNESSCAUSE 1< 1/8" [1/8"-<1/4"1/4".<3/8~]3/8'-<1I2~Jl /2"-<5/8~J5I8"-<3/4" I>=3/4" 153 6 1 - 1 0CORROSION I3173OUTSIDE FORCE I5359721422301CON-MAT DEFECT I1326428428861OTHER 1 4343214101TOTAL I731068683701373The overwhelming majority of reported incidents occur when the pipe wall thickness is between1/8" and 3/8". On a percentage basis, the thinner the pipe wall, the higher the percent of inci-dents caused by outside force. The annual reports filed by the operators do not include mile-age as a function of wall thickness, therefore, it is not possible to normalize the data to deter-mine if the predominant installed pipe follows the pattern of incidents vs. wall thickness.An examination of the API Specifications for Line Pipe can give some insights into typical wallthickness for various diameter pipe. An analysis of this data may be found in the following ta-ble.INCIDENT RATE vs PIPE WALL THICKNESS thka.xls ALTRN DATABASE600500400~CORROSION* OUTSIDE FORCED CON-MAT DEFECT[~rHERClI-.zw~ 300z~ 200z 100 `01<1/8 1/8-<1/4 1/4-<3183/8-<1/2 112-<518" 518-<3/4WALL THCKNESS>=:3/4'55
It is seen that the smallest standard wall thickness is greater than 1/8". As the pipe diameterincreases, the standard extra strong wall thickness likewise increases until it reaches a stan-dard thickness above a 12" size. It should be noted that the number of available wall thick-nesses for each diameter pipe is approximately seventeen. As the pipe get larger, the numberof wall thicknesses greater than "standard" likewise increases. The extra strong pipe is 1/2" forthe pipe above 8 5/8" diameter. NOMINAL PIPE SIZE AND ASSOCIATED THICKNESS API SPEcIFICATIoNSNOMINALSIZE inSTANDARD WALLTHICKNESS inWALL THICKNESS in10.1330.17911/40.400.1911 1/20.450.20023/80.1540.2182 7/80.2030.27631/20.2160.30040.2260.3184 1/20.2370.3375 9/160.2580.37565180.2800.43285/80.3220.50010 3/40.3650.50012 3/4 - 520.3750.500A review of the standard wall thicknesses available as compared to the incident vs. wall thick-ness chart leads to the conclusion that a majority of the incidents are occurring in a minority ofpipelines in the system with "thin" walled pipe. The thicker the wall of the pipe, the smaller thelikelihood of the occurrence of an incident.10.1.2 PIPE DIAMETER VS. INCIDENT RATEAn alternative approach to the same conclusion comes from viewing the relationship betweenpipe diameter and incident rate. This relationship is shown in the chart below taken from thedata in the ALTRN database. The majority of the incidents have occurred for pipe of 8" diame-ter or less. The smaller the diameter, the smaller the wall thickness, in general. 56
~iCORIROSION ~ OJrSIDE FORCE o CON-MAT D~ET 0 oii~jj~] AVERAGE MILES OF PIPELINE IN TOTAL SYSTEM 1970-1981 BY PIPE DIAMETERDIAMAVG Ml PIPE16"19,28918"5,64620"20,26822"5,93524"21,87126"14,93028"1330"34,037The total average mileage in the system where the pipe diameter is 8" or less is computed as85,252 miles. The remaining average mileage where the diameter is greater than 8" is found as182,273 miles.Combining the mileage with the incident data, on average, the following chart may be gener-ated. The data for pipelines 1" in diameter or less are excluded from the chart because the rateis 118 and throws off the scale of. the chart.INCIDENT RATE vs NOMINAL DIAMETER diar~.xts ALTRN DATABASE 450 400~ 350 300Ui~ 250 200~ 150 100 50 0<=1" >2.375 8" 12" 16" 20" 24' 28" 32" 36' 40" >42" NOMINAL DIAMEIeR'An examination of the annual reports from 1970 to 1981 can yield an average of the mileage ofpipeline for the various diameters of pipe in the system. This information is shown in the follow-ing table.DIAMAVG Ml PIPE<=1"1971 "-2"9,0922-4"24,4964-6"26,1788"25,28910"16,00012"24,08214"3,602DIAMAVG Ml PIPE32"16334"1,60636"13,74638"040"542"1,055>44"2557
. ....~..... . . e. .CONCLUSION:2528 incidents occur in 85,252 miles of pipe where the "standard" wallthickness is between 0.133" and 0.322". This compares to 1178 inci-dents occurring in 182,273 miles of pipe where the "standard" wallthickness is 0.375" for more than 90% on the line. The incident rate forthe smaller diameter and therefore smaller thickness pipe is 4.6 timesgreater than the larger diameter thicker walled pipe.Pipe wall thickness is a key factor in pipeline safety.10.2 TLEAK DATABASE 1984-1 993A study of the TLEAK database with regard to incident rates for various pipe wall thicknessesproduces the resUlts shown in the plot that follows. INCIDENT COUNT FOR WALL THICKNESS VS. CAUSECAUSE<1/8"1/8"-<114"114"-<318"3/8"-<1/2" [1/2"-<5/8"518"-<314">=314"CORROSION4331261481671671OUTSIDE FORCE321582722873073084CON-MAT DEFECT2038819297994OTHER1041271701851951971TOTAL16035664971276677110It is difficult to characterize the meaning of the incidents classified by operators as "other". AVERAGE INCIDENT RATE vs PIPELINE DIAMETER diarr~.xIs ALTRN DATABASE 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 INCIDB'JT RA7~j~ 1.50C, ____ ____ 1.00 0.50I- 0.00 0 5 10 15 20 25 DIAM EVER in58
Discounting the other category in the analysis, one may generate the following table comparingthe total incidents due to corrosion and construction-material defects to those caused by out-side force: INCIDENT COUNT FOR WALL THICKNESS VS. CAUSETHICKNESS CORROSIONCON-MAT DEFECTOUTSIDEFORCERATIO OUTSIDE FORCE! CON-MAT DEFECT<118"24321 331/8"-<1/4"711582 23114"-<318"2072721 31318"-<1/2"2402871 201/2"-<518"2643071165/8"-<314"2663081.16>+3/4"540.8The ratio of outside force incidents to corrosion and construction/material defect is greater forthe smaller wall thickness pipe but not as dramatically as in the ALTRN database analysis. Thisis due to the fact that the smaller diameter pipe involved in incidents usually produce less prop-erty damage than the large diameter pipe. Due to the change in property damage thresholdbetween ALTRN and TLEAK the smaller diameter pipe involved in incidents show up primarilyin the ALTRN database. This data is also plotted in the following chart. 300 U I- z 200 C. z 150 d 100 z 50 0 ~nJdft4fl1/8- 1/4'- 3/8"-<1/4 <3/8 <1/2INCIDENT RATE vs PIPE WALL THICKNESS thkt.xls TLEAK DATABASE350o CORROSION~ OUTSIDE FORCEo CON-MAT DEFECTo OTHER<1/8"1/2"-<5/8"WALL THICKNESS5/8" -<3/4"_3*4~59
11.0 OPERATING AND MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURES vs. INCIDENT RATEThe three incident databases were examined to determine the pattern of incidents with regardto operating pressures at the time of the incident. NUMBER OF INCIDENTS FOR VARious PRESSURE RANGES ALTRN, PIP, TLEAK DATABASESPRESSURERANGESINCIDENTS ALTRNINCIDENTS PIPINCIDENTS TLEAK0-1004693833100-2006995238200-3008846570300-4007506283400-50050266104500-6004096067600-7004155874700-8004002978800-9003064072900-1,00011878760>1,0006213249LdHL~h~The ALTRN database shows an increase in the first three ranges as do the other two data-bases. ALTRN and PIP then decrease for the next three ranges while TLEAK continues to in-crease. ALTRN then holds steady for the next three ranges as does TLEAK while PIP de-1200No INCIDENTS vs PRESSURE RANGES for ALTRN, P1, TLEAK inprsa.xls1000800I-.z00I-zw0z600400200 0HIH H H H H H H H ~ ~iLiit00ao o 0 0o 0 0 0CJ ~ ~- Ua a tho 0 0 0 *`J C' ~- o INCID9~~ffS-ALTRN ~INCIDB'flS-PIPi 0 INCIDENTS-TLEA Ko 0O 0C ro ao oU 00 0 00 0 0C Co 0 -~0 0 0 C000APRESSURE RANGES psi60
creases slightly. ALTRN and PIP oscillate for the last three ranges while TLEAK decreasesslightly.ALTRN and PIP operate on the same definition for an incident whereas TLEAK requires a ten-fold increase in property damage for a leak or failure to qualify for an incident report. This ex-plains the difference in the general distribution pattern between TLEAK and the other two data-bases. AVERAGE INCIDENT OPERATING PRESSURE PSI VS. CAUSE OF INCIDENTCAUSE/DATABASEALTRN [~i~ 593 778TLEAKCORROSION664OUTSIDE FORCE349378509CON-MAT DEFECT959779688OTHER547590588The average pressure for an outside force leak or failure is the smallest of all categories ofcause. If the pipe is struck by an object that is sufficient to damage the wall, the internal pres-sure is secondary to the failure that occurs.If a pipe fails due to corrosion, the second lowest cause discounting "other" as cause, corro-sion, will reduce the wall thickness of the pipe. If the internal pressure is closer to the MAOP, asmall loss of material will be sufficient to fail the pipe. If the pressure is slightly lower, furthercorrosion will cause failure.The construction or material defect incident cause has the highest average pressure. This isreasonable since the pipe defect should be small to have passed the original inspection beforeinstallation. The pipe would then be operating closer to the MAOP or a higher pressure for fail-ure to occur.It is difficult to analyze the "other" category because the cause is really unknown and very var-ied and so not easily analyzed.A similar analysis was made for this data where the operating pressure exceeded 90% ofMAOP. AVERAGE INCIDENT OPERATING PRESSURE PSI VS. CAUSE OF INCIDENT WHERE INPRS>O.9*MAOPCAUSE/DATABASEALTRN [_PIP_[TLEAKCORROSION8191100801OUTSIDE FORCE485416602CON-MAT DEFECT1142983825OTHER75299573761
The conclusions reached above for all incidents vs. average operating pressures are also truein the above table where the operating pressure is greater than 90% of MAOP except evenmore so. When a transmission pipeline is operating near the MAOP, it is more vulnerable tocorrosion and material defect.The distribution of incidents, by cause, is also of interest when the operating pressure is at vari-ous percentages of MAOP. The data examined is limited to incidents where the incident pres-sure and MAOP are known. COUNT OF INCIDENTS BY CAUSE WITH INCIDENT PRESSURE AS % MAOPCAUS/INPRS>-%MAOP10%l 25%I 50%I60%I70%I 100%CORROSION1003970870832759599421245OUTSIDE FORCE2656254121471853141181635037CON-MAT DEFECTOTHER2566325253831024612732405248225620720421491767 901411 21It is seen that the number of incidents decreases as the requirement that the incident pressurebe greater than a percent of MAOP increases. This is expected because there is a smallernumber of incidents at increasing pressure. To evaluate the implications of the distribution, thepercent, by cause, will be evaluated for each incident pressure as a percent of MAOP. PERCENT OF INCIDENTS BY CAUSE WITH INCIDENT PRESSURE AS % MAOPCAUS/INPRS>-%MAOP0%25%50%60%70%80%90%100%CORROSION1515151616171614OUTSIDE FORCE414037353023132CON-MAT DEFECT3940434549576782OTHER55554431TOTAL100100100100100100100100The percent of incidents caused by material defects increases steadily as the incident pressureincreases as a percent of MAOP. Outside force incidents decrease over the same range asdoes the other category while corrosion shows only a small change.CONCLUSION: The material defect cause of incidents displays sensitivity to the inci- dent pressure as a percent of MAOP. As the incident pressure in- creases as a percent of MAOP, material defect increases as the percent cause to a point where it reaches 82% at incident pressure equal to MAOP.As was true in the ALTRN database, the percent of outside force decreases with increasedpressure measured as percentage of MAOP and corrosion increases for the TLEAK database. 62
COUNT OF INCIDENTS BY CAUSE WITH INCIDENT PRESSURE AS % MAOP -- TLEAKCAUS/INPRS>-%MAOP0%25%50%60%70%80%90%100%INCIDENT COUNTSCORROSION16516013312410978411OUTSIDE FORCE29929225523517294322CON-MAT DEFECT1009790837039202OTHER14813612011410069375% of INCIDENTSCORROSION2323222224283210OUTSIDE FORCE4243434238342520CON-MAT DEFECT1414151516141520OTHER2120202122252850The numbers in the 100% MAOP category are small and therefore not reliable for generatingtrends. The small number at 100% MAOP as compared to results in ALTRN are a positive inthat it shows fewer incidents at elevated pressures measured as percentage of MAOP in themore recent database. 63
APPENDIX A ANALYSIS OF THE NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE DATABASES.OF THE RESEARCH AND SPEcIAL PROGRAMS ADMINISTRATION OFFICE OF PIPELINE SAFETY * U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION * Detailed Contents of the Natural Gas Pipeline Database A1-1-80 * Errors in the Natural Gas Pipeline Database A2-1-45 * Normalizing Data in the Natural Gas Pipeline Database A3-1-14
INTRODUCTION TO APPENDIX A Separate reports have been produced for the natural gas and hazardous liquids pipeline databases. This was done because the databases are very different and the information in the reports is most easily understood when viewing them independently. Appendix A contains an analysis of the RSPA-OPS databases, inclu~Iing the following details and information: 1. Describe in detail the contents of the databases received from RSPA. 2. Describe in detail the process used in analyzing the pipeline failure data. 3. Present and describe the results from the data analysis, including conclusions made based on data analysis. 4. Describe the precise areas where errors in the data were found and recommend where revisions should be made in the database to correct the errors. 5. Describe the specific areas where normalizing data is lacking to draw statistically significant inferences for RSPA to use in program development in such areas as risk assessment and risk management, and recommend methods for obtaining such data, including recommendations for revising the reporting forms to provide normalizing data. 6. Present conclusions and recommendations based on data analysis conducted under this contract and from conducting the above listed tasks. As described above, six separate sub-components are dealt with in the analysis of the databases. The second and third sub-components are treated in the main body of the report. The other sub-components are treated in the appendices as follows:SUB-COMPONENT REPORT CONTAINING SUB-COMPONENTSUB-COMPONENT 1APPENDIx A-iDETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASESUB-COMPONENT 4APPENDIX A-2ERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DAT.~BAsESUB-COMPONENT 5APPENDIX A-3NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIF'ELINE DATABASESUB-COMPONENT 6APPENDIX A-3NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIF'ELINE DATABASE
APPENDIX Al DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE INTRODUCTION As described in the main body of this report, there are two separate database areas maintained by RSPA-OPS, incidents and annual reports. The incident database contains the records of all transmission pipeline incidents as filed by pipeline operators. The annual reports database contains the annual reports as filed each year by the various pipeline operators. The annual reports contain descriptions of individual operators' systems. The information maintained in the database is described in the annual report forms as found in Appendix B. The information is primarily miles of pipe in the operators system for various diameters and other parameters. The variety of the data for the variables in this database is not of particular interest and will not be shown in detail in this Appendix. The types of answers provided by operators is of interest in understanding the incident database as well as its weak areas and shortcomings. For this reason all of the responses given by the operators for all of the variables involved are provided in the following pages. The following information will be provided for each data variable in the incident databases: * Variable name shown in bold type * Description of the variable * Number of occurrences of the variable in the database * The possible values for this variable along with the number of occurrences or each value found and its number of occurrences count ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENT DATABASES There are three separate databases that comprise the incident database for RSPA/OPS. These are:FILENAMERSPAFORMRSPA FORM TITLEFORMDATERECORDSFROM - TOALTRN7100.2Leak or Test Failure ReportGas Transmission & Gathering Systems1-70 .`70 --- `81PIP7100.2Leak or Test Failure ReportGas Transmission & Gathering Systems1-70`82 --- `84TLEAK7100.2Incident ReportGas Transmission & Gathering Systems3-84`84 --- `93DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE Al-i
APPENDIX AlThe forms submitted by the pipeline operators to report an incident are included inAppendix B-i of this report. These forms with the field definitions were provided to NJITby RSPNOPS.DETAILS OF THE INCIDENT DATABASESA detailed analysis of each of the three databases was performed by NJIT on theoriginal data provided by RSPNOPS. A detailed listing of all entries for each field in thedatabases was obtained and is presented in the next three sections of the report.ALTRN DATABASEThe information that follows contains the field name bold type, its definition, thenumber of records where the field is tilled, the values used in the field and the number ofoccurrences for each value. RTYPE Type of leak 6133 1 Leak report 0 2 Test failure report 4367 LN 3 New construction 1765 4 Existing facility 1 LOG Report number YR Year of report YR Count YR Count YR Count YR Count YR Count YR Count 70 624 71 710 72 660 73 718 74 610 75 523 76 431 77 542 78 519 79 501 80 295 RPTID Report ID 6133 CAUS Cause of the Incident 6133 A corrosion 916 B outside forces 2457 C construction defect cr 2430 material 330 D Other OPID Operator ID 5942 STHH No of hours of 3293 stoppage STMN No minutes of 2936 stoppage INPRS Estimated incident 6069 pressure -~ ~ ~ ~` ~ ~ ~`~` IM~ PARE Al -2
APPENDIX AlMLKTO Count MLKTO Count MLKTO Count MLKTO Count MLKTO CountALUM METER 1 ASBESTOS 1 CAST IRON 2 COUPLING 1 DEPTH 24001FIBERGLASS 1 FLEX GASK. 1 FLGGASKT 1 GASKET 3 IRON 1NON-METAL 165 NONFERROUS 15 0000000000 1 PIP COUPL 5 PIPSPLTS 1RUBBER 2 SPL.SLEEVE 1 SPLT SLEV 1 WROGT IRON 1ARTMC Predominant type of area ARTMC ATMIT at time of construction Commercial 66 10ATMIT at time of incident Industrial 156 14 Residential 152 15 Rural 4561 209 Undeveloped 947 26 Unknown 53 17 ARTMO other Other 149 0 No entry 48 5841XTYPE Report qualifier 295 E 3 L 269 LE 2 LN 1 00 1 T 11 TE 2 TN 6VALID Record is valid 178 Yes 178 No entry 5954LOC Location of corrosion 909 Internal corrosion 173 External corrosion 736 No entry 5223DISC Description of corrosion 880 Pitting 602 General 278 No entry 5252CAUCR Cause of the corrosion 875 Galvanic 615 Bacterial 33 Stray current 13 CAUCO other 136 Other 214 No entry 5257 CAUCO Count CAUCO Count CAUCO Count CAUCO Count CAUCO Count 1000 2 2031 2 3031 2 3032 6 CHEMICAL 55FORGN MATT 1 H2S? 10000000000 1 SALTWATER 1 STRESS 65 WET C02 1COAT Pipe coating 901 Bare 393 Coated 401 Wrapped 107 No entry 5231YRCT Year coating installed 22DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE A1-29
APPENDIX AlCAULK Primary cause of the leak 2452 Damage by or for operator 177 Damage by outside party 1652 Damage by earth equipment 327 CAULO other 156 Other 296 No entry 3660 CAULOCount CAULOC0unt CAULOCount CAULOC0unt CAULOCount CAULOCount AUTO 1 BLASTING 2 COW 1 ELEC.ARC 1 FALNG ROCK 1 FIRE 1 -FLOODING 1 LIGHTNING 20000000000 1 OUTSD EQUP1 SCOURING-- 1 SLIDNG ROC1TORCH 1 TRUCK 1 VEHICLE 34 WEATHER 84 WILLFUL 22NOTIF Was operator notified that 160 Yes 211 equipment would be used No 1073 No entry 4848NOTDT Date of incidentNOTHH Time of incidentMARK Was the pipeline identified 1742 Yes 1527 Asphalt No 215 No entry 4390MRKTP Type of marking used 1712 Permanent markers 1181 Map furnished 26 Temporary stakes 147 Paint 42 Excavation 19 On-site observation 152 MRKTO Other Other 145 No entry 4420STAT Statutory one-call in place 1688 Yes 212 No 1476 No entry 4444DMG Damage by earth movement 375 Subsidence 96 Earthquake 25 Landslide 179 Washout 13 DMGO other 5 Other 62 No entry 5757 DMGO Count DMGO Count DMGO Count DMGO Count FREEZING 1 HW EQPMNT 1 MUD SLIDE 1 0000000000 1 RAINFALL 1OERTM Was earth movement caused 432 Yes 147 by the action of others No 285 No entry 5700OERTO Earth movement caused by othersDETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE Al -35
APPENDIX AlCAULC Primary cause of the leak 2395 Construction defect 385 Material failure 2010 No entry 3737STEEL Type of steel pipe 2036 Seamless 234 Electric-resistance welded 1061 Submerged-arc welded 445 Butt welded 100 Furnace-lap welded 196 No entry 4096PLAST Type of plastic pipe 2362 Thermoplastic 1893 Thermosetting 469 No entry 3770PLREI Reinforced plastic y/n 2362 Yes 469 No 1893 No entry 3770IRON Type of iron pipe 1 Centrifugally cast 0 Pit cast 1 No entry 61310TH MT Other pipe material OTHMT Count OTHMT Count OTHMT Count OTHMT Count OTHMTCountFIBERGLASS 1 0000000000 1 VALV ANSI 1 VALV,FLANG 1 YES 41TEST Was the line strength tested 2120 Yes 1261 at the time of installation No 378 Not known 481 No entry 4011MED Whatwasthetestmedium 1289 Air 108 Gas 602 Water 566 MEDO other 3 Other 13 No entry 4843ITYR Year of test ITYR Count ITYR Count ITYR Count ITYR Count ITYR Count ITYR Count o 4878 1 1 25 1 29 1 30 6 31 16 32 1 35 1 37 1 41 24 42 2 43 55 44 6 46 10 47 16 48 14 49 88 50 113 51 168 52 44 53 79 54 10 55 30 56 40 57 33 58 57 59 46 60 18 61 13 62 14 63 17 64 16 65 14 66 14 67 14 68 19 69 11 70 81 71 29 72 12 73 14 74 7 75 14 76 13 77 21 78 16 79 24 80 10MNPS1 Minimum test pressure psigDETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE Al -36
APPENDIX Al COOPER STEEL 1 DARLING VALVE 1 FLUOR PROD.CO. 1GRLCK GASKET CO 1 INLAND STEEL 1 ITALISIDER 1 J&LSUPPLYCO 2 JONES & LAUGLIN 1JONES&MCLAUGHLI 2 KAISER 163 KANE 1 LONE STAR 6MATHESONLAPWELD 1 NATTUBECO 1 NATIONAL TUBE 128 NATIONALTUBE 1 NATONAL TUBE 2 NORRIS 1 PEERLESS MFG CO 1 REP.STEEL 1 SHIN FUSO 2 SPANG 2 STRUPP 1 STUPP CORP. 8 TARANTO 1 TEX TUBE 2 TEXTUBE, INC. 1 TUBE TURN 1 U.S.STEEL 21 U.S.STEEL 21 US-STEEL CORP 1 VALLEY MFG. CO. 1 VALOURAC 1 WESTERN 2 WESTERN PLASTIC 1 WORTH STEEL 2YOUNG.SHEET&TUB 2YOUNGSTOWN GRB 1YOUNGSTOWN SHET 10 YOUNGSTOWNS&T YOUNGSTWN STEEL Y1WNSHT&TUBE 1 PERRY EQUIP.CO. 1 REPUB.STEEL COR 1 SHIN FUSO METAL 3 STEEL CO OF CAN 2 STUPP 24 STUPP-SMITH 4 TAYLOR FORGE 11 TEX-TUBE 1 TUBACERO S. A. 3 USSTEEL 42 U.S. STEEL 12 UNKNOWN 22 USS 1 VALLOUREC 5 WALWORTH 1 WESTERN KAISER 5 WHEELING 1 WORTH STEEL CO 2 YOUNGSTN S & T I YOUNGSTOWN S&T 6 YOUNGSTOWN STEE 16 1 YOUNGSTOWNS&TCO 2 YOUNGWTOWN 311 8 3 3STMFD State pipe manufactured inCTMFD City pipe manufactured inCTMFDALIQUIPPABETHLEHEMCLAYMONTCUDAHYFONTANAGADSDENCount CTMFD 29 BADEN 1 BIRMINGHAM 18 CLEVELAND 3 DAINGERFIELD 49 FOREST PARK 48 GALVESTONCount CTMFD 1 BATON ROUGE 42 BLUM 2 CORONADO 2 DALLAS 1 FORT COLLINS I HARRISBURGCount CTMFD 42 BEAVER FALLS 1 CHICAGO 1 COUNCE 6 DENVER 11 FOWLER 1 HASTINGSCount 3 3 2CountMFR CountMFR CountMFR CountMFR CRANE 2 CRANE CO 1 CRANE VALVE DRAVO CORP. 1 DRESSER MFG. 1 FISHER GOVERNOR FLUOR PRODUCTS 1 GARRETT 1 GEN WELDING WKSGROVE VALVE® 1 HACKNEY IRON 1 HOUSTON PIPE INTERLAKE 1 INTERLAKE, INC. 1 INTERST STEEL ITALSIDER 4 ITALSIDEP CO. 1 J & L J&L STEEL CORP 1 JONE AND LAUGH 1 JONES & LAUGHLIJONES AND LAUGH 2 JONES LAUGHLIN 13 JONES&LAUGHLIN JONES-LAUGHLIN 1 JONES/LAUGHLIN 1 KAIDER STEEL KAISER STEEL 16 KAISER STL CORP 1 KAISER-CONSOLID LADISH 3 LADISH CO. 2 LADISH COMPANY LONE STAR STEEL 29 MANNESMAN HOESC 1 MAST TANK & WEL METRIC METER CO 1 NA 3 NA-VIBRATION NATL TUBE CO 1 NATIONAL 9 NATIONAL TANK NATIONAL TUBE 0 1 NATIONAL TUBE C 3 NATIONAL TUBING NATIONALTUBEDIV 2 NATL TUBE SMLS 1 NATL. TUBE CO. NEWPORT STEEL 1 NIPPON STEEL 1 NONE GIVEN NTLTK & BLR CO 10000000000000001 PEERLESS MANUFA PLIDCO INC. 1 REBUBLIC STEEL 1 REPUBLIC 110 REPUBLIC STEEL 132 SMITHWAY 1 SOUTHWESTERN P1 2 STEEL COMPANY 0 1 STEEL FORGING 1 STUPP - SMITH 4 STUPP CORP 17 STUPPCORP 1 STYLE 40 COUP. 1 TAYLOR FORGE CO 1 TAYLOR-FORGE 1 TEX-TUBE CO. 1 TEX-TUBE INC 1 TUBACERO S.A. 2 TUBE SALES 1 U S STEEL CORP 1 U S STEEL CORP. 1 U.S. STEEL CORP 5 U.S.S. 1 USSTEEL 15 USSTEELCORP. 2 VAL/PONT-A-MOUS 5 VALL/PONT-A-MOU 1 VALLOUREC GROUP 1 VALLOUREC-SEDAN 1 WALWORTH 350S 1 WELD BETNEEN P1 1 WESTERN PIPE & 1 WESTERN PIPE AN 1 WHEELING STEEL 1 WICKWIRESPENCER 4 YNGSTN SHT & TB 15 YOUGNSTOWN S&T 1 YOUNGSTN SH&TU 6 YOUNGSTOWN 113 YOUNGSTOWN SET 1 YOUNGSTOWN SHEE 18 YOUNGSTOWN STEL 1 YOUNGSTOWN STL 1 1 YOUNGSTOWNSTEEL 3 YOUNGSTWN SHEET 1 1 YPUNGSTOWN 1 Y1WN SHT & TBE 1STMFD CountSTMFD CountSTMFD CountSTMFD CountSTMFD CountSTMFDCountAL97CA188CO13DE18GA1IL4KS4KY6LA50MD10NE3OH318OK3PA158TN3TX125UT21WI217DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A1-42
APPENDIX AlCTMFDHOUSTONLONE OAKLOUISVILLEMIDDLETOWNNEWPORTPI1TSBURGHSTEELTONWILDERSCount CTMFD 83 IRWINDALE 1 LONE STAR 2 LOWES 27 MILWAUKEE NAPA 2 ORANGE 12 PROVO 15 TORRANCE I WILLIAMSPORTCount CTMFD 1 LACEYVILLE 15 LORAIN 1 MAYWOOD2149615OREM12 SHREVEPORT1 TULSA1 YOUNGSTOWNCount CTMFD 1 LAKEMORE 57 LOS ANGELES 4 MCKEESPORT MONACA 2PAOLA 4 8 SPARROWS POINT 10 3 VALLEY 1 238YRMFD Year pipe manufactured 1658 Yes No 1734 Truck Rail Ship 3 Other Unknown No entry 866 792 4474 218 902 54 480 4398CTYP Construction type at failure or leak as defined in USAS B38.1-1 968 CODE A B C D 38 7 13 1TRSP Method of pipe transport TRSPO otherTRSPO Count Truck Rail Ship Other UnknownIRSPO CountCount 2 78 5YRMFDCountYRMFDC0UfltYRMFDCountYRMFDCountYRMFD8812404565 1172342222132 1511722012128223 1 2412517263273682973 302631203213394339376 39134020413249143447 451446164737487554150167 517352845318546195621 57405832592360677629 6314641065566547353687 691270857153170117439 752576279194193011022 1 12221130211722119271957119315 19432195031953219561197941958 1 195911960119691197819803.EXPExpanded pipe.No entryTRSPO80AND2 20000000000 1 TRSPOUNKNOWNCountDETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A1-43
APPENDIX AlPIP DATABASELKTFK Type of leak 666 Leak 499 LE existing facility 19 LN new construction 1 Test failure report 5 TE ??????? 128 TN test failure report new facility 14CAUS Cause of the 676 A corrosion 54 incident B outside forces 261 C construction defect or material 261OPID Operator ID 676SHRFR Shear fracturefeet 122CLVFR cleavage fracture feet 58TOUGH Has fracture tough- 542 yes 16 ness test been made no 526MTAN Is metallurgical 547 yes 80 analysis planned no 467STHH No of hours of stoppage 389STMN No minutes of stoppage 336INPRS Estimated incident pressure 666MXPRS MAOP 665DRMTH Method of leak detection 0RPTBY Leak reported by 0RPTLK Leak occurred on 676 Main Line 596 which part of system Service line 25 RPTLO other 0 Other 55PRTFL Part that failed 671 Pipe 571 Valve 25 Fitting 2 Drip 4 Regulator 11 Tap connection 58 PRTFO other 0 OtherPRTYR Date installed 527MLKD Material which leaked 670 Steel 607 or failed Plastic 3DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE Al -44
APPENDIX Al SOuR Count SOuR Count SOILR Count SOILR Count 1545 1 4200 1 14000 1 65000 1 1635 1 4300 1 17000 2 70000 1 1723 1 5000 1 28000 1 80000 1 1800 1 6000 1 32000 1 92000 1 1900 1 6200 1 33000 1 120000 1 2000 1 7337 1 34000 1 165000 1 2200 1 7500 1 35000 1 190000 1 2300 1 8000 2 40000 3 250000 1 2340 1 8234 1 52920 1 800000 1 3000 2 10000 1 54000 1 3755 1 13500 1 57000 1TSTYY Date of measurement yr 63DLEAK Distance from leak if 52DLEAK Count DLEAK Count DLEAK Count DLEAK Count 0 102 20 4 50 3 1500 1 2 2 25 3 80 1 3120 1 3 1 27 1 150 1 3814 3 5 5 30 8 350 1 5280 1 7 1 40 4 450 1 10 8 43 1 631 1POT1 Last pipe to soil potential at 154 detailed entries are not provided for this variablePOT2 nearest pt each side of leak 154 detailed entries are not provided for this variableDMES1 Distance from leak to each 87 detailed entries are not provided for this variableDMES2 measurement point 82 detailed entries are not provided for this variablePOTYY Date of measurement 90 detailed entries are not provided for this variablePIPB - OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGECAULK Primary cause of the leak 262 Damage by or for operator 21 Damage by outside party 153 Damage by earth equipment 52 CAULO other 38 Other 36CAULO Count CAULO Count 0 FAILURE OF HEATER 1TRAIN DERAILMENT 1 FIRE CAUSED BY LIGHTNING 1BLOW-OFF CONNEC HI1VEHIC 1 FLOOD WATER 2BULLDOZER 1 FLOODWATER 1COUPLING MOVED DURING CON 1 FROST HEAVE 1D AND/OR VIBRATION 1 FROZEN GROUND MOVED 1DAMAGE BY FLOOD 1 GRASS FIRE 1DAMAGED BY FARM ANIMAL 1 HOLE SHOT IN PIPELINE 1DAMAGED BY TRUCK 1 LIGHTNING 2DAMAGED BY UPROOTED TREE 1 METER HIT BY VEHICLE 1EMP BROKE SWAG NIPPLE 1 MOTOR VEHICLE 1EXTREMELY COLD WEATHER 2 PIPE AGAINST ROCK LEDGE 1DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE Al -52
APPENDIX AlCAULO Count CAULO CountRIFLE SHOT I SEVERE WIND & WAVE ACTION 1RIVER GRAVEL EROSION 1 UNKNOWN 1SEE #12 1 UNKNOWN OUTSIDE FORCES 1SEE ATTACHED. 1 UNOCCUPIED AUTOMOBILE 1SEE ATTACHMENT 1 VANDALISM 2SEE OTHER 1NOTIF Was operator notified that 160 Yes 24 equipment would be used No 136NOTDT Date of incident 20NOTT Time of incident 15MARK Was the pipeline identified 171 Yes 163 Asphalt No 8MRKTP Type of marking used 162 Permanent markers 138 Map furnished 2 Temporary stakes 4 Paint 1 Excavation 0 On-site observation 10 MRKTO Other 26 Other 7MRKTO Count MRKTO Count 0 BC 1o 1 C 7&C 1 C&F 1&GFARMTAP 1 CF 1&C 1 D,G EXPOSED 1&D 1 F 1&E 1 G SEE REMARKS 1&F 1 G SIDE VALVE IN LINE 1A & F 1 OFFSHORE LINE INSTAL BLM 1A&D 1 PAINTED ON FENCE POST 1ABOVE GROUND STRUCTURE 1 PIPELINE MARKER 5OFT 1AND G FENCE TAG 1 STAKE LINE NOT ON LINE 1B C 1 SURFACE LINE 1B D E 1 VALVE ABV GROUND & FENCED 1STAT Statutory one-call in place 150 Yes 51 No 99DMG Damage by earth movement 56 Subsidence 12 Eartquake 0 Landslide 21 Washout 10 DMGO other 11 Other 13OERTM Was earth movement caused 50 Yes 7 by the action of others No 43OERTO Earth movement caused by 7 othersDETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE A1-54
APPENDIX AlOERTO Count 0SEE ~OTHER 1A LONG WALL DEEP MININGCOUPLING SLIPPED OUTEXCAVATED DITCH NOT SUPPR 1OERTOGRADING FOR ROAD&EROSIONMAY HAVE CONTRIBUTEDROAD GRADER STRUCK LINEVIB FROM VECH TRAFFICPIPC--- CoNsTRucTION OR MATERIAL DEFECTCAULC Primary cause of the leak208 Construction defect Material failure33175MFR1 /2SCHEDULE 40AOSMITHA. 0. SMITHA.O. SMITHA.O. SMITH CO.A.O. SMITH CORPA.O.SMITHARMCO, INC.BALON VALVE CO.BERG PIPE, INC.BETH STEELBETHLEHEM STEELCAL-METAL PIPECONSOLIDATEDCONSOUDATED-WECount MFR 0 GROVE BALL VLV 1 IPSCO INC 1 JONES&LAUGHLIN 6 KAISER 9 KAISER STEEL 1 LONE STAR STEEL 1 MANNESMANN 4 NATIONAL 1 NATIONAL TUBE 1 PIPE SPECS. API 1 REPUBLIC 1 REPUBLIC STEEL 6 SMITHWELD 1 STELCO. INC 3 STUPP 1 STUPP CORPMFRSTUPP CORP.TAYLOR FORGETUBE TURN OR MIU S STEELU.S. STEELU.S. STEEL CORPU.S.S.UNKNOWNUS STEELUS STEEL CORPUS STEEL CORP.YNGS1WN SHEETYOUNGSTOWNYOUNGSTOWN ELECYOUNGSTOWN SHEEYOUNGSTOWN STEECount 3 4 5 a 3EXP Pipe was expandedTRSP Method of pipe transport114 Yes No177 Truck Rail45693446CountMFR Pipe Manufacturer163Count 2 7 2 12 2 50 2 7 2STMFD State where pipe manufactured 95CTMFD City where pipe manufactured 95YRMFD Year pipe was manufactured 137YRMFDCountYRMFDCount307748260712714946151298508626230551463231152864181382536653824025436611411553672844316574682441583704474591711DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE Al -55
APPENDIX Al Ship 22 Other Unknown 168 Seamless Electric-resistance welded Submerged-arc welded Butt welded Furnace-lap welded 0 Thermoplastic Thermosetting Centrifugally cast Pit cast Other pipe material 6 Construction type at failure 197 A 159 or leak as defined in B 13 USAS B38.1-1 968 CODE C 25 D 0TEST Was the line strength tested 204 Yes 93 at the time of installation No 55 Not known 56 91 Air 8 Gas 32 Water 48 Other 3 detailed entries are not provided for this variable detailed entries are not provided for this variable detailed entries are not provided for this variable detailed entries are not provided for this variable detailed entries are not provided for this variable OTRSP otherSTEEL Type of steel pipePLAST Type of plastic pipePLREI Reinforced plastic y/nIRON Type of iron pipe 1 789206433 249 0 0 0 000OTHMTCTYPEMEDO What was the test mediumITYRMNPS1TMPS1LKPS1TEST2MEDO other 2Year of test 84Minimum test pressure psig 84Hours test held at test pressure 70Est test pressure at point of leak76Later strength tests conducted 0DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE Al -56
APPENDIX Al LOCLO Count & ABOVE GROUND ABOVE WATER BELLHOLE CASED PR CROSSING COMPRESSOR COMPRESSOR STATION DITCHEXPOSED ON EXCAVATIONIN BUILDING COMPRESSOR IN PIT INSIDE BUILDINGS LNG COLD BOX N/A NOT GIVEN IN REPORT OPEN DITCH PEAK BOG TRENCH VAULT 185 WATER DEPTH BASEMENT OF COMP. ST. BUILDING CASING COMPRESSOR BLDG.CONCRETE BOX OPEN TOPEXCAVATED LINE SECTION EXPOSED PIPELINE DITCHIN COMPRESSOR BUILDING IN REGULATOR PITINSIDE COMPRESSOR BLDG. MARSH NON SPECIFIED OFFSHORE PLATFORMOVERHD CANAL CROSSING PLATFORM MEAS. STA UNDER WATERVEH HIT ABOVE STAN DPIPE LOCLO Count 4 BURIAL COVER 1BASEMENT OF COMPRESSOR BL 1 CANAL CROSSING 2 COMPRESSION STATION 1 COMPRESSOR BUILDING 1 CROSSING OVER WATER I EXPOSED DITCH CROSSING 1 IN BUILDING 1 IN EXCAVATION 1 INSIDE BUILDING 1 INSIDE COMPRESSOR BUILDIN 1 MARSH MUD FAILURE 1 NOT GIVEN 2 ON PLATFORM 3 PASTURELAND 1 SPLASH ZONE 1 UNKNOWN 19 VENT PIPE ON ROOF 1TLEAK A - CORROSION 92 1984 1985 1986 1987 27 35 9 20RPTID Report ID 92 89 Internal corrosion External corrosion No entry 2 81 Localized pitting General Corrosion Other 11 No entry 10 DESCO Count DESCO CountGENERAL INTERNAL PI1TING 2 GIRTH WELD AFFECTED 1 INTERGRANULAR 1 INTERNAL CORROSION 1 STRESS & TEMPERATURE 1 STRESS CORROSION CRACKING 2CAUCR Cause of the corrosion CAliCO other Galvanic Other No entry CAUCO CountATMOSPHERIC CORROSION 1 CHEMICAL 2 CO2 1 EROSION/CORROSION 2 INDETERMINABLE 1 INTERNAL CORROSION 2 LOCALIZED PITTING 1 SEE COMMENTS 1 CAUCO CountBACTERIAL CORROSION 1CHEMICAL CORROSION 2 ENVIROMENT 1ERRORSION-CORROSION I INFO NOT AVAILABLE 1 IRON OXIDE 1 PITTING ATTACK 1 SEE NO 2, THIS PART 1 CAUCO Count C02 & WATER 1 CHEMICAL PITTING 1 EROSION 1 ERPOSION-CORROSION 2INTERGRANULAR CORROSION 1 LIQUIDS & OXYGEN 2 POSSIBLE ORGANIC SRBS 1 SHIELDED CORROSION 1LOCLO Count222432YR Year of incidentLOC Location of corrosionDESC Visual description DESCO DESCO Count FINE CRACKS I INFO NOT AVAILABLE 1 PIN HOLE LEAK 1 X-RAY 14346511980136354511DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE Al -75
APPENDIx AlCAUCO CountSOURGAS 1 WATER 2CAUCO Count CAUCO CountSTRESS CORROSION 3UNKNOWN 2COAT Pipe coatingPROT Was pipe cathodically protectedCAULK Primary cause of incident DMGO other86 Bare Coated No entry85 Yes NoDamage by or for operatorDamage by outside partySubsidenceLandslide/wahoutFrostOther1175 577 825269 528 030 DMGO Count SEE COMMENTS" 1 DIRT MOVING EQUIPMENT 1 HEAVY RAINFALL FLOODING 1 HURRICANE JUAN 1 LIGHTNING STRIKE 1 NON SPECIFIED 6 PLOW 1SHRIMP TRAWLER DAMAGED P1 1 UNKNOWN 1 DMGO Count COMP OF SUBSTRATA 1 DOZER 1 HURRICANE 1 LANDSLIDE/WASHOUT 3MISSOURI RIVER FLOOD 1 NOT SPECIFIED 1RIVER BO1TOM DROPPED 1 SUBSEA MUDSLIDE 1 WATER SATURATION 1 DMGO CountCOOL WEATHER/EXCESSIV PAl 1 FIRE 1 HURRICANE ANDREW 2 LIGHTNING 3MUDSLIDE ON OCEAN FLOOR 2P/L APPEARED HIT PREVOUSL 1 SHIFTING 1 UNDERWATER MUDSLIDE 1NOTIF Was operator notified that equipment would be usedNOTDT Date of incident276 Yes No69207CPYR Year protection startedCPYP Count CPVR Count CPYR Count CPVR CountCPYR CountCPYR Count0 24 1938 1 1947 1 1948 11949 21950 21952 2 1954 2 1955 1 1956 21957 21958 21959 2 1960 2 1961 1 1962 11963 11965 21966 1 1967 2 1968 4 1969 61970 11971 21972 3 1973 4 1974 4 1975 21977 41978 21979 1 1980 2 1985 2TLEAK B DAMAGE BY OUTSIDE FORCESYR Year of incidentYR Count88 38YR Count89 35YR CountYR CountYR CountYR Count84328548863187289036913992319335RPTID Report IDDETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGEA1-76
APPENDIX AlMARK Was the pipeline identifiedMRKTP Type of marking used283 Yes No23548 2' PIPE W/ 12" X 15 SIGN, 8.5' X 11 `SIGN ON EACH SABOVE GROUND LINE MARKERS AERIAL MARKER #21 CANAL CROSSING COMPANY SIGN,PAINTED CUT ROW EITHER SIDE EXPOSED 100 BOTH SIDES 0 FENCES,ROAD CROSSINGS,ETC FLAGGING AND PAINT HEADER PIPING LINE MARKER & STAKE. LINE MARKER 167110 WEST LINE MARKER POSTS LINE MARKERS & PAINTED P0 LINEMARKER 300' EAST MARKER IN PLACE MARKER POSTS MARKERS ALREADY IN PLACE MARKERS IN PLACE MARKING IN PLACE METAL POST WITH SIGN METAL 1-POST & SIGNS NAVIGATIONAL ON SITE AND MARKERS P/L ROW MARKERS PAINT, STAKES PAINTED FENCE POSTS WITH PAINTED POSTS PD METER, CO SIGNS PERMAN PIPELINE MARK PERMANENT LINE MARKER PERMANENT MARKERS PERMNT MARKERS & TEM. STA PIPELINE EXPSED FOR CONTR PIPELINE MARKER 700 S PIPELINE MARKERS PIPELINE SIGNS & BARRICAD PIPELINE WARNING SIGNS PROBED AND STAKED RIGHT AWAY SIGNS ON FENCE ROAD CROSSING SIGN ROUND P/L WARNING SIGNS SAUELITE SIGNAGE & NAVIGATION AIDS SIGNS - PAINTED POST SIGNS ON POST STAKES STAKES, BUT INCOMPLETE STEEL & PLASTIC MARKERSSURVEY CONTRACTOR ONBOARD TEMP & PERM MARKERS VENT MARKERS MRKTP Count ON 91 12'X12'SIGNS 1 2" RED BLK &WHITE MARKER 1 9~X12"SIGNS 1 ABOVEGROUND LINEMARKERS 1 AERIAL MARKER #35 1 CAUTION SIGNS 1 COMPANY STANDARD 10X14 LO ESTABLISHED BUILDING 1 FENCE POST PAINTED 1 FLAGGED AT CROSSING 1 FLAGS 1 LATHES WITH RIBBON 1 LINE MARKER TYPICAL 1 LINE MARKER 278 FT. AWAY 2 LINE MARKER SIGNS 1 LINE MARKERS/TEMPORARY 1 LONE STAR GAS SIGN 1 MARKER ON BOTH SIDES 3 MARKER SIGNS 1 MARKERS AT RD CROSSING & 2 MARKERS IN PLACE. 1 MEASURING 2 METAL SIGN & POST 1 MP MARKER PLUS 1 NAVIGATONAL CHARTS 1 ORANGE PAINT, & RIBBON 1 PAINT CRSS FEN. POSTS 1 PAINTED & STACKED 1 PAINTED ON STREET SURFACE 1 PAINTED POSTS &P/L MARKER 1 PERM LINE MARKERS 1 PERMANENT 2 PERMANENT LINE MARKER 20" 10 PERMANENT PIPELINE MARKER 1 PIN FLAGS & LINE MARKER 1 PIPELINE MARKER 1 PIPELINE MARKER POST 8 PIPELINE RIGHT OF WAY SIG 1 PIPELINE WARNING MARKER 2 PLASTIC LINE MARKERS 1 RD P/L WARNING SIGNS 1 RIGHT-OF-WAY MARKERS IN F 1 ROAD MARKERS 1 ROW MARKERS IN PLACE 1 SIGN ON CASING VENT 25' 2 SIGNAGE ON PLATFORM 1 SIGNS AT COUNTY ROAD 1 SIGNS ON POSTS 3 STAKES & FLAGS 1 STANDARD MARKER POST 1 STEEL POSTS W/ SIGNS. I SURVEY CONTRACTOR WITH PR 1 TEMPORARY STAKES 1 VERT. FIBERGLASS MARKERSMRKTP Count OY 4 1 2SIGNS1200FT.AWAY 1 1 4X6' WARNING SIGNS 1 1 ABOVE GROUND EQUIPMENT 1 1 ABOVEGROUND RISER 1 1 AERIAL MARKER #42 1 2 COMPANY SIGN WITHIN 20 1 1 CONTRACTOR WAS TOLD GASCO 1 1 EXISTING CARSONITE MARKER 1 1 FENCE POST PAINTED 557" E 1 1 FLAGGING & SIGN POST MARK 1 6 FLAGS ON STAKES 1 2 LINE MARKER 2 1 LINE MARKER 1333 FT. I 1 LINE MARKER 75 FT. 1 1 LINE MARKERS 3 1 LINEMARKER 1 1 LSG. CO. SIGNS 1 1 MARKER POST & FLAGS 1 1 MARKERS 2 1 MARKERS BOTH SIDE OF DMDG 1 1 MARKERS ON FENCE 1 1 METAL P/L MARKER 1 1 METAL SIGNS 1 1 NAVIGATION LIGHTS 1 1 NOTIFICATION. MARINE SURV 1 1 P/L JUNCTION YARD 1 1 PAINTONGRASS 1 1 PAINTED FENCE POST 1 1 PAINTED POST 1 1 PAINTED POSTS SIGNS 1 1 PERM P/L MARKERS & FLAGS 1 1 PERMANENT BARRICADE 1 1 PERMANENT MARKER 67' 1 2 PERMANENT PIPELINE SIGNS 1 1 PIPE RISER 1 4 PIPELINE MARKER 20' 1 1 PIPELINE MARKER WITH SIGN 1 1 PIPELINE SIGNS 2 1 PIPELINE WARNING SIGN 1 1 PPIPELINE MARKER 1 1 RD PIPELINE WARNING SIGNS 1 1 RIVER XING SIGN N MALLARD 1 1 ROAD, PAINTED POST,SIGNS 1 1 ROW MARKERS ON SHORE 1 1 SIGN ON POST 1 1 SIGNS 3 1 SIGNS AT ROD CROSSIHG 1 1 STAKED 1 1 STAKES AND FLAGS 1 1 STARFIX NAVIGATION SYSTEM 1 1 SURVEY BOUYED 1 1 SURVEY STAKES 1 1 UNDERWATER SURVEY 1 1 WARNING SIGN 2MRKTP Count 0 40DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE Al -77
APPENDIx Al MRKTP Count MRKTP Count MRKTP Count WARNING SIGNS 6 WATERWAY CROSSING SIGNS 1 WHITE/ORANGE 4"D X 4'H 1 WOODEN STAKE 1 YELLOW FIBERGLASS SIGNS 2 YELLOW FLAGS 1 YELLOW MARKINGS SIGNS 1 YELLOW PAINT 1 YELLOW PIPE MARKERS AT EA 1 YELLOW PIPELINE MRKER FLG 1STAT Statutory one-call in place 249 Yes 107 No 142TLEAK C --- CONSTRUCTION OR MATERIAL DEFECTYR Year of incident YR Count YR Count YR Count YR Count YR Count YR Count 84 28 85 34 86 30 87 16 88 20 89 20 90 36 91 40 92 16 93 30 94 4RPTID Report IDCAULC Primary cause of the leak 258 Construction defect 84 Material failure 174 No entry 14CAULO Description of component other than pipe CAULO COUNT 0245 UNITED TEXAS TRANSMISSION CO 2 O4O5ANR PIPELINE CO 2 1" THREADED NIPPLE 2 1/2 INCH HEAVY DUTY PIPE NIPPLE CONNECTING THE C'IL 2 1/2" GLYCOL LINE FUEL LINE TO DEHYDRATOR 2 1/2° NIPPLE - 3" LONG 2 10' MERCO PLUG VALVE 2 103 1VALERO TRANSMISSION CO 4 12" ANSI 900# BALL TAP VALIE 2 12" ANSI 900# CHECK VALVE HORIZ SWING BOLTED 2 12" FLANGE ON A SLIP JOIN 2 16" ON 36' HYDROTECH HOT~AP FITTING 2 1 68OLONE STAR GAS CO 4 2 INCH GATE VALVE 2 2' ORBIT BALL VALVE-ANSI CLASS 600 TE x TE 2 2" ROCKWELLFIGURE 825,800 W.O.G. VALVE 2 20" 900# END CONNECTOR W/RTJ FLANGE 2 20" END CONNECTOR WITH 20" 900# RTJ BALL FLANGE 2 20' LOOSE RING FLANGE 2 21OIMAPLE GAS CORP 2 2327CHEVRON USA INC 2 24" FLANGE ON BIG INCH MAR BALL FLANGE CONECTC>R 2 2564COLORADO INTERSTATE GAS CO 2 2696MONTEREY PIPELINE CO 2 26X24', SADDLE REINFORCED BRACH CONNECTION 2 4" ANSI FULL PORT ORBIT BALL VALVE 2 45 DEGREES El 1 DAMAGED BY PIG 2 45DEGREE MITER WELD 2 5007PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC CO 2 6" 900# ANSI, SPOOL PIECE REPAIR UNIT 2 6" ANSI #900 FLANGE 2 6" ANSI Û00# WN RF FLANGE 2DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A1-78
APPENDIX Al CAULO COUNT 8" ANSI 900 WHEATLEY WEXWE CHECK VALVE. 2 8516SOUTHERN NATURAL GAS CO 2 91o0TENNESSEE GAS PIPELINE CO 2 ACETYLENE GIRTH WELD FAILED 2 APPEARED TO BE BAD WELD 2 BIM MECHANICAL LOCKING SLIP JOINT 2 COMPRESSOR ROD PACKING 2 COMPRESSOR SHAFT 2 CONDUIT 2 CRACKED IN SADDLE PAD AT 6 SIDE VALVE 2 CRANKCASE 2 DEFECTIVE WELD - INADEQUATE PENETRATION. 2 DRESSER COUPLE 2 END CAP 2 FLANGE ON A 8 500 W P WESTCO1T GATE VALVE 4 FLANGED END CONNCTOR DID NOT SEAT PROPERLY 2 FLEXIBLE STEEL BRAIDED FUEL GAS LINE. 2 FOXBORO. MODEL 40 CONTROLLER 2 GAS SCRUBBER - SHAFT & BEARING 2 GIRTH WELD 10 GIRTH WELD CRACKED WHERE A 30 DEG. MITER CUT WAS M 4 HYDROCOUPLE FLANGED AND CONNECTOR CAME OFF PIPE EN 4 N/A 4 NONE 2 ONE-PLIDCO SPLIT & SLEEVE FITTING. 2 SALT BATH HEATER 2 SECOND STAGE VALVE HEAD BOLTS 4 SEE PART3 2 T. D. WILLIAMSON STOPPLE FITTING 2 THE PIPE 2 WELD 2 WELD SADDLE DEVELOPED CRACK IN FILLET WELD 2 WELD TEE 2 WKM 2' GATE VALVE 2TEST Was the line strength tested 202 Yes 142 at the time of installation No 60MED What was the test medium 144 Water 114 Gas 24 MEDO other Other 6 No entry 104 MEDO Count MEDO Count BASTROP 2 CAMERON 2 FANNIN 2 FORT BEN 2 KEARNY 2 LEA 2 GROVE NAVARRO 2 0 10 2180 2 A 2 E TACL 2 NPARISH 2 S BLOCK 299 FIELDGULF OF 2 STLE ASCENSIO 2 UNKNOWN 4 VISUAL INSPECTION DAILY 2TMPS Time held at test pressure hrs TMPS Count TMPS Count IMPS Count IMPS Count IMPS Count TMPS Count 0 130 1 14 2 4 3 2 4 12 8 34 9 2 16 2 17 2 20 4 24 40 32 2DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL GAs PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE Al -79
APPENDIX A-2ERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINEDATABASEINTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this Appendix is to describe the precise areas where errors in the databasewere found and recommend where revisions should be made in the database to correct theerrors.This report addresses the errors found in the database for gas transmission pipelines. Therewere many types of errors found in the database. These include: 1. Changes in the information that was maintained in the database several times over the period of record. 2. Data that was reported by the operators but not entered into the database by RSPA'OPS personnel. 3. Duplicate records that became part of the database because duplicate reports were filed or data processing resulted in the duplicate records in the database. 4. Different values being used to represent the same information for a particular field in the database. 5. "Real" fields being entered into an incorrect position in the data field resulting in an incorrect value in the database. 6. Typographic errors in entering the data into the database. 7. Incorrect documentation of the database.At the initial development of the contract, it was not anticipated that there were extensive errorsin the database. For that reason, the project team did not develop a comprehensive approachto analyze the database for errors. The process for finding and eliminating errors came aboutinformally. As errors were found during the study of the database, it was analyzed,documented and then corrected in the NJIT database as best as could be done. There still maybe extensive errors in the database that were not found by the investigators during the studybecause the objective of the study was not to find errors but to perform an analysis.A detailed study should be performed to correct the database. This should include a detailedreview of as much of the original hard copy reports used to construct the database.CHANGES IN THE INFORMATION MAINTAINED IN THEDATABASE OVER THE PERIOD OF RECORDThe database was initiated in 1970 and consists of two separate components. The firstcomponent is the compilation of incident reports filed by operators whenever an incident asdefined by OPS takes place. The second component, also filed by the operators, is an annualreport that summarizes the system for the past year. Each of these components has changedERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE A2-1
APPENDIX A-2several times during the period from 1970 to the present. The two databases are furtherdivided into several separate databases reflecting changes in the reporting requirements overthe years. A summary of the databases is presented below:GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE DATABASEINCIDENT REPORTSANNUAL REPORTSFILE 1NAME ~RSPAFORMRSPA FORM TITLEFORMD~~TE10-70RECORDSFROM - TO`70-'79AT707971 00.2-1Annual Report for Calendar Year19_ Gas Transmission Gathering Systems1 1-82-_____~80-'81AT808171 00.2-1Annual Report for Calendar Year1 9_ Gas Transmission Gathering Systems`82-'83AT82837100.2-1Annual Report for Calendar Year19_ Gas Transmission Gathering Systems11.85- -TRANS7100.2-1--Annual Report for Calendar Year1 9 Gas Transmission Gathering SystemsCopies of the incident and annual report forms may be found in Appendix B-i of this report.INCIDENT REPORT FoRMsThree incident report forms have been used over the period of record, from 1970 to the present.The reporting requirements changed for the three forms. The following table shows all fields inthe three forms and the changes in the variables. Using ALTRN as the basis of comparison, allchanges are shown in bold. Where the information is similar but not the same the data isshown bold and underlined.FILENAMERSPAFORMRSPA FORM TITLEFORMDATERECORDSFROM - TOALTRN7100.2Leak or Test Failure ReportGas Transmission & Gathering Systems1-701-703-84`82-'84PIP7100.2Leak or Test Failure ReportGas Transmission & Gathering Systems`84-'93TLEAK7100.2Incident ReportGas Transmission & Gathering SystemsALTRNFIELD TYPEPIPFIELD TYPETLEAKFIELD TYPERTYPENumber IntegerRTYPETextLOGNumber IntegerLOG IntegerNumberYRNumber IntegerYRNumberRPTIDNumber LongRPTIDLKTFK LongTextCAUSTextCAUSTextOPIDNumber LongOPIDNumber IntegerTextNAMETextINADRTextINADRText ACCTY TextINCTYTextACCTYTextLOGYRRPTIDCAUSOPIDNAMENumber IntegerNumber IntegerNumber LongTextNumber LongTextERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-2
APPENDIX A-2 . IALTRNFIELD ITYPEINDST TextINST TextZIP TextIDATE Number IntegerIDTYR Number IntegerDTHH Number IntegerDTMN Number IntegerSTHH Number IntegerSTMN Number IntegerINPRS Number SingleMXPRS Number SinglePRTLK Number IntegerPRTLO TextPRTFL Number IntegerPATFO TextPRTYR Number IntegerORGLK Number IntegerORGLO TextNMDIA Number SingleTHK Number SingleSPEC TextGRD TextRPRPP Number IntegerRPFRPO TextRPRLN Number SingleCOMP Number IntegerCOMO TextEFAT Number IntegerEINJ Number IntegerNEFAT Number IntegerNEINJ Number IntegerRUP Number IntegerGSIGN Number IntegerEXPL Number IntegerSEXPL Number IntegerPRPTY Number LongADJST Number IntegerADJSO TextDSTR Number IntegerCONTF Number IntegerEFFCF TextUTILI Number IntegerDOGSC Number IntegerDOGSI Number IntegerDTELC Number IntegerDTELI Number IntegerDELEC Number IntegerDELEI Number IntegerDSSTC Number IntegerDSSTI Number IntegerDSOTC Number IntegerDSOTI Number IntegerDVVTRC Number IntegerDWTRI Number IntegerDOTHC Number IntegerOTHC TextDOTHI Number IntegerOTHI TextLKLOC Number IntegerLKOTH TextCOVDP Number Integer . I[~i~LD ITYPEACCST TextZIP TextIDATE Number IntegerYR Number IntegerDTHH Number IntegerSTHH Number IntegerSTMN Number IntegerINPRS Number SingleMXPRS Number SinglePRTLK TextPRTLO TextPRTFL Number IntegerPRTFO TextPRTYR Number IntegerORGLK TextORGLO TextNMDIA Number DoubleTHK Number DoubleSPEC TextGAD TextRPRPP Number IntegerRPRPO TextIRPRLN Number DoubleCOMP Number IntegerCOMO TextEFAT Number IntegerEINJ Number IntegerNFAT Number IntegerNINJ Number IntegerRUP Number IntegerGSIGN Number IntegerEXP Number IntegerSEXPL Number IntegerPRPTY Number LongADJST TextADJSO TextDSTR Number IntegerCONTF TextEFFCF TextUTILI Number IntegerDOGSC Number IntegerDOGSI Number IntegerDTELC Number IntegerDTELI Number IntegerDELEC Number IntegerDELEI Number IntegerDSSTC Number IntegerDSSTI Number IntegerDSOTC Number IntegerDSOTI Number IntegerDWTRC Number IntegerDWTRI Number IntegerDOTHC Number IntegerOTHC TextDOTHI Number IntegerOTHI TextLKLOC TextLKOTH TextCOVDP Number IntegerTLEAKFIELD TYPEACCST TextZIP TextIDATE Number LongIYEAR Number IntegerDTHH Number IntegerSTHH Number IntegerSTMN Number IntegerINPRS Number DoubleMXPRS Number DoublePRTLK Number IntegerPRTFL Number IntegerPRTFO TextPRTYR Number IntegerPRTSY Number IntegerPRTSO TextNMDIA Number DoubleTHK Number DoubleSPEC TextSMYS Number DoubleFAT Number IntegerINJ Number IntegerPRPTY Number DoubleLOCLK Number IntegerLOCLO TextERRoRs IN THE NATuRAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-3
APPENDIX A-2{~lELD ITYPESOILI Number IntegerSOILT TextSHRFR Number IntegerCLVFR Number IntegerTOUGH Number IntegerMTAN Number IntegerMLKD TextMLKDO TextARTMC TextARTMO TextATMI TextATMTO TextDOEMN Number IntegerDOEYR Number IntegerDOCMN Number IntegerDOCYR Number IntegerLOC Number IntegerDISC Number IntegerCAUCR TextCAUCO TextCOAT Number IntegerYRCT Number IntegerMET Number IntegerCTMAT TextCTMAO TextFAIL TextFAILO TextPROT TextCPYR Number IntegerCPTYP TextCPTYO TextPH TextSOILR Number LongTSTYY Number IntegerDLEAK Number LongPOT1 Text POT2 Text DMES1 Number Long DMES2 Number Long POTVY Number Integer CAULK Text CAULO Text NOTIF Number Integer NOTDT Number Long NOTT Number Integer MARK Number Integer MRKTP Text MRKTO Text STAT Number Integer DMG Text DMGO Text OERTM Text CAULC Text STEEL Number Integer PLAST Number Integer PLREI TextTLEAKFIELD TYPEITYPE TextRUPLN Number DoublePROT TextCPYR Number IntegerMARK TextMRKTP TextSTAT TextDMGO TextCAULC Number IntegerMLKDMLKDOCLASSYORDOEYOEDOCYOCLOCDESCCAUCRCAUCOCOATNumber IntegerTextNumber IntegerNumber IntegerNumber LongNumber IntegerNumber LongNumber IntegerNumber IntegerNumber IntegerNumber IntegerTextNumber IntegerIALTRN[FIELDTYPESOILINumber IntegerSOILTNumber IntegerSHRFRNumber SingleCLVFRNumber SingleTOUGHNumber IntegerMTANTNumber IntegerMLKTNumber IntegerMLKTOTextARTMCNumber IntegerARTMOTextATMITNumber IntegerATMTOTextXTYPETextVALIDNumber IntegerDOENumber IntegerDOEYRNumber IntegerDOCNumber IntegerDOCYRNumber IntegerINTIDNumber IntegerLOCNumber IntegerDISCNumber IntegerCAUCRNumber IntegerCAUCOTextCOATNumber IntegerYRCTNumber IntegerMETNumber IntegerCTMATNumber IntegerCTMAOTextFAILNumber IntegerFAILOText -Number IntegerPROTCPYRNumber IntegerCPTYPNumber IntegerCPTYOTextPHNumber SingleSOILRNumber LongTSTYRNumber IntegerDLEAKNumber IntegerPOT1Number SinglePOT2Number SingleDMES1Number IntegerDMES2Number IntegerPOTYRNumber IntegerCAULKNumber IntegerCAULOTextNOTIFNumber IntegerNOTDTNumber IntegerNOTYRNumber IntegerNOTHHNumber IntegerNOTMNNumber IntegerMARKNumber IntegerMRKTPNumber IntegerMRKTOTextSTATNumber IntegerDMGNumber IntegerDMGOTextOERTMNumber IntegerCAULCNumber IntegerSTEELNumber IntegerPLASTNumber IntegerCAUSLK TextNOTIFNOTDTNOTYRTextNumber IntegerNumber IntegerERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-4
APPENDIX A-2ALTRNFIELD TYPETextNumber IntegerTextN umber IntegerPIPFIELD TYPETLEAKFIELD TYPEMPOST TextSURVY TextSHORE TextAREA TextBNUMB TextOFFST TextOCS TextIFED TextOPJIJD Number IntegerTELRTD Number LongTELRTY Number IntegerMPEST Number IntegerSEAM TextVALVE TextPNAME TextPHONE TextNORPT TextTELRN Number LongTELID Number LongDOR Number LongDESCO TextCAULO TextTESTMEDMEDOTESTDTESTYTMPSLKPSTextNumber IntegerTextNumber IntegerNumber IntegerNumber IntegerNumber IntegerIRONNumber IntegerIRONNumber IntegerOTHMTTextOTHMTTextTESTNumber IntegerTESTTextMEDNumber IntegerMEDNumber IntegerMEDOTextMEDOTextITYRNumber IntegerITYRNumber IntegerMNOSINumber IntegerMNPS1Number LongTMPS1Number SingleTMPS1Number IntegerLKPS1Number IntegerLKPS1Number LongTEST2Number IntegerTEST2TextMED2Number IntegerMED2Number IntegerMED2OTextMED2OTextSTYRNumber IntegerSTYRNumber IntegerMNPS2Number IntegerMNPS2Number LongTMPS2Number SingleTMPS2Number IntegerLKPS2Number IntegerLKPS2Number LongMFRTextMFRTextSTMFDTextSTMFDTextCTMFDTextCTMFDTextYRMFDNumber IntegerYRMFDNumber IntegerEXPNumber IntegerEXPNumber IntegerTRSPNumber IntegerTRSPNumber IntegerTRSPOTextOTRSPTextCTYPTextCTYPETextDRMTHNumber IntegerRPTBYNumber IntegerRPTBOADJMTADOTHIDTMDMANU TextMANYR Number IntegerERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-5
APPENDIx A-2ANNuAL REPORT FORMSFour annual report forms have been used over the period of record, from 1970 to the present.The reporting requirements changed for the four forms. The following table shows all fields inthe four forms and the changes in the variables. Using A17079 as the basis of comparison, allchanges are shown in bold for the other databases. Where the information is similar but not thesame the data is shown bold and underlined.AT8283TRANSFIELD TYPEIFIELD lrv'PEYRRP11DLOGOPIDSTOPNumber LongNurT~ber LongNumber LongNumber LongTextRPTYRRPTIDRPTLGOPIDSTOPRNumberIntegerNumber LongNumberIntegerNumber LongTextSTADD I~!PHONE IQ~iOFADR TextAT7079FIELD1AT8081[~j~ITrv~RPTCDNumberRPTCDTextIntegerYRNumberIntegerYRNumberLongRP11DNumber LongLOGNumberIntegerLOGNumberLongOPIDNumber LongOPIDNumberSTOPNumberIntegerSTOPLongTextRGOPNumberInteger*COCD1 TextCOCD2 TextSTADDfk~liTextI~iCOCD3 TextCOCD4 TextCOCD5 TextPGNumberIntegerSTNumberIntegerSTTextCm'NumberIntegerCITYTextCNTINumberIntegerCOUNTTextCGDNumberIntegerNumberLongNAMETextNAMETextBillNumberLongB1T1NumberLongB1T2Number LongB1T2NumberLongB1T3Number LongB1T3NumberLongB1T4Number LongB1T4NumberLongB1T5Number LongB1T5NumberLongB1TÛNumber LongB1T6NumberLongB1T7Number LongB1T7NumberLongB1T8.NumberLongBillNumberLongB1G1NumberLongB1G1NumberLongB1G2NumberLongB1G2NumberOFSTOFC1YOFCNTZIPNAMETextTextTextTextTextSTCITYCOUNTZIPNAMEB] T8TextTextTextTextTextNumber LongERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-6
APPENDIX A-2A17079rFIELD TYPEAT8081FIELD TYPEAT8283FIELD TYPETRANSFIELD ITYPEB1G8Number LongB2T8Number LongB1G3Number LongB1G3NumberLongB1G4Number LongB1G4NumberLongB1G5NumberLongB1G5NumberLongB1G6NumberLongB1G6NumberLongB1G7NumberLongB1G7NumberLongB1G8Number LongB1GTNumberLongB2T1Number LongB21iNumberLongB2T2Number LongB212NumberLongB2T3Number LongB2T3NumberLongB2T4Number LongB2T4NumberLongB2T5Number LongB2T5NumberLongB2T‘Number LongB2T6NumberLongB2T7Number LongB217NumberLongB218Number LongB2TTNumberLongB2G1Number LongB2G1NumberLongB2G2Number LongB2G2NumberLongB2G3Number LongB2G3NumberLongB2G4Number LongB2G4NumberLongB2G5Number LongB2G5NumberLongB2G6Number LongB2G6NumberLongB2G7Number LongB2G7NumberLongB2G8Number LongB2GTNumberLongCliiNumber LongC1T1NumberLongC1T2Number LongC1T2NumberLongC1T3Number LongC1T3NumberLongC1T4Number LongC114NumberLongCIT5NumberLongC1T5NumberLong0116Number Long0116NumberLongC1T7Number Long ~0117NumberLong0118Number LongC1TT*NumberLongC1G1NumberLongC1G1NumberB2G8Ci T8Number LongNumber Long Ti M12 Number Long.ERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-7
APPENDIX A-2 Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number LongIAT7079 IFIELD TYPE1AT8283 IFIELD TYPETRANSIFIELD TYPE ATBO81Number Long 01G2Number Long Cl G3Number Long Cl G4NumberLong C1G5NumberLong C1G‘Number Long C1G7NumberLong C1GTNumber Long C2T1Number Long C2T2Number Long C2T3Number Long 0214Number Long C2T5Number Long C2T‘Number Long 0217Number Long C211Number Long- C2G1Number Long C2G2Number Long C2G3Number Long C2G4Number Long C2G5Number Long C2G6Number Long C2G7Number Long C2GTNumberLong D1R1NumberLong D1R2NumberLong D1R3Number Long Dl R4NumberLong D1R5Number Long D1R‘Number Long D1R7Cl G2Cl G3Cl G4Cl G5Ci GoCl G7Cl G802110212021302140215021602170218C2G1C2G2C2G3C2G4C2G5C2GOC2G7C2G8D1R1Dl P2Dl P3Dl P4Dl P5Dl RODl P7C1G8 NumberLong ~JJ~J2 Number Long0218 Number Long flMfl Number LongC2G8 Number Long ~JMfl Number LongERRoRs IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-8
APPENDIx A-2 Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long NumberAT7079AT8081AT8283TRANSFIELD TYPEFIELD TYPEFIELD TYPEIFIELD ITYPEDl NiNumber LongDl N2Number LongD1N3Number LongD1N4Number LongD1N5Number LongDl N6Number LongDi N7Number LongDi PTD1N1Dl N2D1N3Dl N4Dl N5Dl N6D1N7DiNTD2R 1D2R2D2R3D2R4D2R5D2R6D2R7D2RTD2N1D2N2D2N3D2N4D2N5D2N‘D2N7D2NTD3R1D3P2D3P3D3R4D3R5D3R‘D2P1 Number LongD2R2 Number LongD2P3 Number LongD2R4 Number LongD2R5 Number LongD2P6 Number LongD2R7 Number LongD2N1 Number LongD2N2 Number LongD2N3 Number LongD2N4 Number LongD2N5 Number LongD2N6 Number LongD2N7 Number LongD3R1 Number LongD3R2 Number LongD3P3 Number LongD3R4 Number LongD3R5 Number LongD3R‘ Number LongERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-9
APPENDIx A-2 Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number LongAT7079AT8283TRANSFIELD IYPEFIELD TYPEjFIELD TYPEAT8081D3R7D3RTD3N 1D3N2D3N3D3N4D3N5D3N‘D3N7D3NTD4R 1D4R2D4R3D4R4D4R5D4R‘D4R7D4RTD4N 1D4N2D4N3D4N4D4N5D4N6D4N7D4NTD5R 1D5R2D5R3D5R4D3R7 Number LongD3N 1 Number LongD3N2 Number LongD3N3 Number LongD3N4 Number LongD3N5 Number LongD3N‘ Number LongD3N7 Number LongD4R1 Number LongD4R2 Number LongD4R3 Number LongD4R4 Number LongD4R5 Number LongD4R6 Number LongD4R7 Number LongD4N1 Number LongD4N2 Number LongD4N3 Number LongD4N4 Number LongD4N5 Number LongD4N‘ Number LongD4N7 Number LongD5R1 Number LongD5R2 Number LongD5R3 Number LongD5R4 Number LongERRoRs IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-1 0
APPENDIX A-2 Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long NumberAT8283TRANSFIELD TYPEIFIELD TYPEAT7079FIELDTTYPjAT8081FIELDD5R5Number LongD5R5D5R‘Number LongD5R‘D5R7Number LongD5R7D5RTD5N1Number LongD5N1D5N2Number LongD5N2D5N3Number LongD5N3D5N4Number LongD5N4D5N5Number LongD5N5D5N6Number LongD5N‘D5N7Number LongD5N7D5NTD6R1Number LongD‘R1DOR2Number LongDÛI~2DÛR3Number LongD6R3D6R4Number LongD6R4D6R5Number LongD6R5D6R‘Number LongD‘R6D‘R7Number LongD6R7.D6RT*D‘N1NumberLongD6N1D6N2NumberLongD6N2D‘N3Number LongD6N3D6N4Number LongD‘N4D6N5Number LongD‘N5D‘N‘Number LongD6N‘D‘N7Number LongD‘N7D6NTD7R1Number LongD7R1D7R2Number LongD7P2D7P3Number LongD7R3ERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-1 1
APPENDIx A-2 Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number LongAT7079AT8283TRANSFIELD TYPEFIELD TYPEFIELD ITYPEAT8O81FIELDD7R4D7R5D7P6D7R7D7RTD7N 1D7N2D7N3D7N4D7N5D7N‘D7N7D7NTD8R1D8R2D8R3D8R4D8R5D8R‘D8R7D8RTD8N 1D8N2D8N3D8N4D8N5D8N‘D8N7D8NTD9R 1D7R4 Number LongD7R5 Number LongD7R6 Number LongD7R7 Number LongD7N1 Number LongD7N2 Number LongD7N3 Number LongD7N4 Number LongD7N5 Number LongD7N‘ Number LongD7N7 Number LongD8R1 Number LongD8R2 Number LongD8R3 Number LongD8R4 Number LongD8R5 Number LongD8R6 Number LongD8R7 Number LongD8N1 Number LongD8N2 Number LongD8N3 Number LongD8N4 Number LongD8N5 Number LongD8N‘ Number LongD8N7 Number LongD9R1 Number LongERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABAsEPAGE A2-1 2
APPENDIx A-2ERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE DATABASEPAGE A2-13A~O79 ~AT8O81 AT8283 FIELD TYPETRANSFIELD hYPE~Q~jI HELDD9R2Number LongD9R2NumberLongD9R3Number LongD9R3NumberLongD9P4Number LongD9R4NumberLongD9R5Number LongD9R5NumberLongD9R6Number LongD9R6NumberLongD9R7Number LongD9R7D9RTNumberLongNumberLongDON]Number LongD9N1NumberLongD9N2Number LongD9N2NumberLongD9N3Number LongD9N3NumberLongD9N4Number LongD9N4NumberLongD9N5Number LongD9N5NumberLongD9N‘Number LongD9N‘NumberLongD9N7Number LongD9N7D9NTNumberLongNumberLongD1OR1Number Long --D1OR1NumberLongD1OR2Number LongD1OR2 *NumberLongD1OR3Number LongD1OR3NumberLongD1OR4Number LongD1OR4NumberLongD1OR5Number Long :D1OR5NumberLongD1OR6NumberLongD1ORÛNumberLongD1OR7Number LongD1OR7D1ORTNumberLongNumberLongD1ON1Number LongD1ON1NumberLongD1ON2NumberLongD1ON2NumberLongD1ON3Number LongD1ON3NumberLongD1ON4Number LongD1ON4NumberLongD1ON5Number LongD1ON5NumberLongD1ON‘Number LongD1ON‘NumberLongD1QN7Number LongD1ON7D1ONTNumberLongNumber
APPENDIX A-2 Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long NumberAT7079AT8081AT8283TRANSFIELDTYPEFIELD TYPEFIELD TYPE~FIELD jTYPEEl N7Number LongE1N7El NTE2P 1E2R2E2R3E2R4E2R5E2R6E2R7E2RTE2N 1E2N2E2N3E2N4E2N5E2N6E2N7E2NTE31? 1E3R2E3R3E3R4E31~5E3R‘E3R7E3RTE3N 1E3N2E3N3E3N4E3N5E2R1 Number LongE2R2 Number LongE2R3 Number LongE2R4 Number LongE2R5 Number LongE2R‘ Number LongE2R7 Number LongE2N1 Number LongE2N2 Number LongE2N3 Number LongE2N4 Number LongE2N5 Number LongE2NÛ Number LongE2N7 Number LongE3R1 Number LongE3R2 Number LongE3R3 Number LongE3R4 Number LongE3R5 Number LongE3R‘ Number LongE3R7 Number LongE3N1 Number LongE3N2 Number LongE3N3 Number LongE3N4 Number LongE3N5 Number LongERRoRs IN THE NATURAL GAs PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-15
APPENDIx A-2 Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number LongAT7079AT8283TRANSFIELD TYPEFIELD TYPEFIELD TYPEE3N‘Number LongE3N7Number LongE4R1Number LongE4R2Number LongE4R3Number LongE4R4Number LongE4R5Number LongE4R6Number LongE4R7Number LongAT8081E3N6E3N7E3NTE4R 1E4R2E41R3E4~4E4R5E4R‘E4R7E4RTE4N 1E4N2E4N3E4N4E4N5E4N6E4N7E4NTE5R1E5R2E5R3E5R4E5R5E5R‘E5R7E5RTE5N]E5N2E5N3E4N 1E4N2E4N3E4N4E4N5E4NÛE4N7E5R 1E5P2E5R3E5R4E5R5E5R‘E5R7E5N 1E5N2E5N3Number LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAs PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-1 6
APPENDIX A-2 Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long NumberAT8283TRANSFIELD TYPEFIELD hYPE1AT7079~ITYPEV~T8o81FIELDE5N4Number LongE5N4E5N5Number LongE5N5E5N‘Number LongE5N6E5N7Number LongE5N7E5NTEÛR~Number LongE‘R1E‘R2Number LongE6R2E‘R3Number LongE6R3E‘R4Number LongE6R4E6R5Number LongE6R5EÛR6Number LongE‘R‘E6R7Number LongE‘R7E6RTEoN]Number LongEON1EON2Number LongEON2EON3Number LongEON3EON4Number LongEON4EON5Number LongEON5EONONumber LongEON6EON7Number LongEON7EONTE7R1Number LongE7R1E71?2Number LongE7R2E7R3Number LongE7R3E7P4Number LongE7R4E7R5Number LongE7R5E7RÛNumber LongE7ROE7R7Number LongE7R7E7RTE7N1Number LongE7N~E7N2Number LongE7N2ERRoRs IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-17
APPENDIX A-2AT8283TRANSFIELD TYPEFIELD TYPEA17079 J~1~_AT8081~T~E9N1Number LongE9N1NumberLongE9N2Number LongE9N2NumberLongE9N3Number LongE9N3NumberLongE9N4Number LongE9N4NumberLongE9N5Number LongE9N5NumberLongE9N6Number LongE9N6NumberLongE9N7Number LongE9N7E9NTNumberLongNumberLongEl OR 1Number LongEl OR 1NumberLongE1OR2Number LongE1OR2NumberLongE1OR3Number LongE1OR3NumberLongE1OR4NumberLongE1DR4NumberLongE1OR5Number LongE1OR5E1OR‘NumberLongE1OR6NumberLongNumberLongE1OR7Number LongE1OR7E1ORTNumberLongNumberLongE1ON1NumberLongE1ON1NumberLongE1ON2Number LongE1ON2NumberLongE1ON3Number LongE1ON3NumberLongE1ON4Number LongE1ON4NumberLongE1ON5Number LongE1ON5NumberLongE1ON‘Number LongE1ON6NumberLongE1ON7Number LongE1ON7E1ONTNumberLongNumberLongE11R1NumberLongEI1R1NumberLongE11R2NumberLongE11R2NumberLongEl lR3NumberLongEl lR3NumberLongEI1R4NumberLong.E11R4NumberLongEl lP5Number LongEl 1 R5NumberLongEl]R6NumberLongE11R6NumberLongEl 1R7Number LongEl 1R7NumberERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-1 9
APPENDIX A-2 Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number LongAT7079AT8081AT8283TRANSFIELD TYPEFIELDFIELD TYPEjFIELD fIYPEE11N1El 1N2E11N3El 1 N4E11N5Eli N6E11N7Fl 1F12F13F14Fl 5FlÛF17F2lF22F23F24F25F26F27F3 1F32F33F34F35F36F37 E 11 PTNumber Long Eli N 1Number Long El 1N2Number Long Eli N3NumberLong EilN4Number Long El lN5NumberLong E11N6Number Long El 1 N7 El I NTNumber Long Fl 1Number Long F12Number Long Fl3Number Long Fi4NumberLong F15Number Long FlÛNumber Long>-41TNumber Long F2lNumber Long F22Number Long F23Number Long F24Number Long F25Number Long F26Number Long F2TNumber Long F31Number Long F32Number Long F33Number Long F34Number Long F35Number Long F36Number Long F31F7l Number LongF72 Number LongF73 Number LongERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-20
APPENDIX A-2 IFIELD ITYPE IFIELD hYPE GNGI6 Number Long GNG16 Number Long GNG17 Number Long GNG17 Number Long GNG18 Number Long GNG18 Number Long GNG19 NumberLong GNG19 Number Long GNG2O Number Long GNG2O Number Long GNG21 Number Long GNG21 Number Long GNG22 Number Long GNG22 Number Long GNG23 Number Long GNG23 Number Long GNSI Number Long GNS2 Number Long GNS3 Number Long GNS4 Number Long GNS5 Number Long GNS6 Number Long GNS7 Number Long GNS8 Number Long GNS9 Number Long GNS]O Number LÙng GNS11 Number Long GNS12 Number Long GNS13 Number Long GNS14 Number Long GNS15 Number Long GNS16 Number Long GNSI7 Number Long GNS18 Number Long GNS19 Number Long GNS2O Number Long GNS21 Number Long GNS22 Number Long GNS23 NumberAT7079 1AT8081 I TRANSFIELD TYPEAT8283FIELDGNG28GNG31GNG32GNG33GNG34GNG35GNG36GNG37GNS1 1GNS12GNS13GNS 14GNS15GNS16GNS17GNS18GNS21GNS22GNS23GNS24GNS25GNS26GNS27GNS28GNS31GNS32GNS33GNS34GNS35GNS36GNS37Number LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongNumber LongERRoRs IN THE NATURAL GAs PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-23
APPENDIx A-2 Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number Long Number LongAT8283TRANSFIELD TYPEFIELD TYPEAT7079~D~jJAT8081~DHilNumberLongHilH12NumberLongH12IiNumber LongIiH21Number LongH21H22Number LongH2212Number Long12JNumber LongJKU*NumberLongKUK12NumberLongK12K13NumberLongK13LiiNumber LongLi 1Li2NumberLongLi2Li3NumberLongL13114NumberLongL14115NumberLongLi5Li6NumberLong116K21Number LongK21K22Number LongK22K23Number LongK23L21Number LongL21L22Number Long122L23Number LongL23L24Number LongL24125Number LongL25L26Number Long126K3iNumber LongK31K32Number LongK32K33Number LongK33L3iNumberLongL31L32Number Long132ERRoRs IN THE NATURAL GAs PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-24
APPENDIX A-2 GOFOU Number Long TONCM Number Long TOFCM Number Long GONCM Number Long GOFCM Number Long TONOT Number Long TOFOT Number Long GONOT Number Long GOFOT Number Long TRKLI Number Long GAKLK Number Long TRION Number Long TRLOF Number Long TRLOU Number Long GALON Number Long GALOF Number Long GALOU Number Long1AT7079AT8081AT8283TRANSt~!~LD TYPEFIELD TYPEFIELD TYPEFIELD ITYPEERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-27
APPENDIX A-2DATA REPORTED BY THE OPERATORS - NOT ENTEREDINTO THE DATABASE BY RSPAIOPSALTRN DATABASE 1970-1982It is of interest to view the number of incidents reported in the ALTRN database and thecompleteness of the database. The following table shows the number of incidents reported byyear. It also shows the number of incidents where the diameter of the pipe was present in thedatabase as well as the number of incidents where the thickness of pipe was given and whereboth the diameter and thickness were present in the database. NUMBER OF INCIDENTS WITH DATA REPORTEDYEARTOTALDIAMETER KNOWNWALL THICKNESS KNOWNDIAMETER & THICKNESS KNOWN7059820011716582052272619220227367627522745862082275498189007640520831317749044942142178474231383879452389361361803613343073078141237935335382477418397397TOTAL6706370519171917It is seen that the number of incidents reported varies approximately between six and sevenhundred per year from 1970 to 1974. The number of incidents then remains in a rangebetween four and five hundred per year for the next seven years.For eight of the first nine years, the diameter field is known for only 1/3 of the records and thepipe wall thickness is virtually never recorded. From 1979 - 1982 the diameter and wallthickness field is present for almost all records. This suggests that the data may not have beenentered into the database but may well have been present on the incident forms. It is unlikelythat an operator filling out an incident report will not know the diameter or the thickness incertain years only.This error was only found when a review on thickness and diameter as a cause of incidentsshowed so few entries for thickness and diameter. There may be many other variables wheredata has not been entered but may have been part of the hard copy reports filed.ERRoRS IN THE NATuRAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE A2-28
APPENDIX A-2DUPLICATE RECORDS THAT BECAME PART OF THE DATA-BASE BECAUSE DUPLICATE REPORTS WERE FILED OR DATAPROCESSING RESULTED IN THE DUPLICATE RECORDS INTHE DATABASEA search was made of the database for identical records. Identical records is understood tomean that each field in two records is the same.TLKPC DATABAsEThere were 276 records in the TLKPC Database as transmitted to NJIT. Of those records, 138records were unique. Each record appeared twice in the database.AT8081 DATABAsE WITHOUT GATHERING LINE DATAThe records in the AT8081 Database were printed where there was a duplicate log entry. Thiscomprised 98 records. The values entered into all data fields up to and including D9NT weresummed. Where the sum for duplicate logs was the same, the records were identical. TheLOG number for duplicate or null records are shown in bold.LOG SUM 177 120 177 18 265 0 265 0 340 0 340 2744 341 24 341 372 342 368 342 144 343 2688 343 766 344 52 344 5494 345 48 345 0 346 96 346 594 347 114 347 258 348 14 348 40 349 1984 349 888 527 4650 527 36798LOG SUM 659 342 659 0 696 0 696 2 772 9 772 0 776 3364 776 3364 780 100 780 40 792 6 792 8 806 0 806 0 835 0 835 0 836 426 836 424 837 54 837 54 843 552 843 460 844 267 844 378 1087 210 1087 96LOG SUM 1087 320 1088 0 1088 1840 1089 20400 1089 42 1090 57524 1090 0 1091 48 1091 30 1092 0 1092 202 1093 32 1093 12 1094 0 1094 794 1095 0 1095 452 1097 642 1097 2 1098 0 1098 1776 1180 56486 1180 56486 1212 114 1212 114 1369 208LOG SUM 1369 5794 1396 0 1396 8 1477 1002 1477 1002 1477 1002 1485 276 1485 2 1490 0 1490 288 1590 0 1590 162 1591 118 1591 8 1592 60 1592 0 1627 240 1627 190828207 20443828207 72139ERRORS fN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-29
APPENDIX A-2AT8283 DATABASE WITHOUT GATHERING LINE DATAThe records in the AT8283 Database were printed where there was a duplicate log entry. Thiscomprised 44 records. The values entered into all data were summed. Where the sum forduplicate logs was the same, the records were identical. The RPTID number for duplicate ornull records are shown in bold.RPTID SUM830864 0830864 0830885 0830885 0830928 200830928 200830935 3830935 3830936 155830936 155830937 240RPTID SUM~830937 240830989 4830989 4830997 66830997 66831114 47831114 47:831116 24~831116 24831117 1366~831117 1366:RPTID SUM831119 24831119 24831120 0831120 0831121 131831121 131831122 1835831122 1835831123 0831123 0831125 64RPTID SUM~831125 64831126 5831126 5831127 0831127 0831128 174831128 174831129 2~831129 2831130 0831130 0TRANS DATABASE WITHOUT GATHERING LINE DATAThe records in the TRANS Database were printed where there was a duplicate log entry. Thiscomprised 22 records. The values entered into all data were summed. Where the sum forduplicate records was the same, the records were identical. The RPTID number for duplicateor null records are swown in bold.RPTID SUM861095 156861095 0871047 156871047 0881167 156881167 0RPTID SUM891083 0891083 0901014 119901014 119901203 104901203 454RPTID SUM910473 0910473 0911076 988911076 0920186 24920186 32RPTID SUM I930114 0930114 0930307 0930307 44Other records in the TRANS Database had identical log numbers. The duplicates wereeliminated by assigning a 5 to precede the three digit log on one of the two duplicates.OTHER DATABASESThe following set of databases was also investigated to see if duplicate records were presentwhere the criteria used was duplicate ID numbers. None were found. ALTRN TLKPAPIPTLEAKPIPAPIPBTLKPBPIPCERRoRs IN THE NATuRAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-30
APPENDIX A-2DIFFERENT VALUES BEING USED TO REPRESENT THE SAMEINFORMATION FOR A PARTICULAR FIELD IN THE DATABASEPIPE MANUFACTURERThe pipe manufacturers listed in the following databases show many different names for thesame company. The two following tables show the names used in the original OPS databaseand the corrected database. There were 229 different manufacturer names listed in thedatabase and shown in the ALTRN table below. There were 94 different entries after thelistings that refer to the same manufacturer were grouped together shown in box.Obvious errors are shown in bold, e.g. 000000 is not a manufacturer.ALTRN DATABAsEIMFR Count 000000 1360BY USS.298KA 1000 1000000000000000 11/2"E.S.PIPE NP 1AOSMITH 1AOSITH 1AOSMIH 1AOSMITH 208AOSMITHCO - 1AOSMITHCORP 7A. 0. SMITH 87A.O. SMITH 10A.O.SMITH 15A.O.SMITH CORP. 1ACERCO DEL PAd 3ACERO DEL PACI 4ACERO DEL PACIFACERODELPACIFICAERO QUIPALCOAAMER CAST IRONAMERICAN MANNEXAMERICAN METERAMERICAN STEELARMCOARMCO STEELARMCO, INC.B GRADE WALLBASALT STEELBEALL MFG. CO.BEALL PIPE TANKBESSEMER STEELBETH STEEL CORPBETHLEHAMBETHLEHEMCAL METAL CORPCAL-METALCAL-METAL CORP.CAL-METAL PIPECAPITOLCLAYMONTCLAYMONT STEELCODEACERO DEPACCOL. IRON&FUELCOL.IRON&FUELCOMPANIA DE ACECOMPANIA/ACERODARLING VALVEDRAVO CORP.DRESSER MFG.FISHER GOVERNORFLUOR PROD.CO.FLUOR PRODUCTSGARRETTGEN WELDING WKSGRLCK GASKET COGROVE VALVE®HACKNEY IRONHOUSTON PIPEINLAND STEELINTERLAKEINTERLAKE, INC.INTERST STEELITALISI DERITALSI DERITALSIDER CO.KAISER-CONSOLIDKANEMANNESMAN HOESCMAST TANK & WELMATHESONLAPWELDMETRIC METER CO 1 1 1 4 3 2 1 111 213 8 2 116316 1 3 2 1 6293MFR CountBETHLEHEM STEEL IjMFR CountCON PIPE SUPPLYCNSLDTD WESTERNCON W. STEELCON WESTERNCON. WESTERNCONSO WESTERNCONSOL WESTERNCONSOLI D.WESTERCONSOLID.WESTRNCONSOLIDATEDCONSOLIDATED WECONSOLIDATEDWES 20 3 9 5 12J 1 2 3 19 3 2 2J&LJ & L SUPPLY COJ&L STEEL CORPJONE AND LAUGHJONES & LAUGHLIJONES & LAUGLINJONES AND LAUGHJONES LAUGHLINJONES&LAUGHLINJONES&MCLAUGHLIJONES-LAUGHLINJONES/LAUGHLINKAIDER STEELKAISERKAISER STEELKAISER STL CORP2083423382173312BABCOCK WILCOXBABCOCK&WILCOXCONTINENT EMSCOCOOPER STEELCRANECRANE COCRANE VALVELADISHLADISH CO.LADISH COMPANYLONE STARLONE STAR STEELERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-31
APPENDIx A-2MANU COUNT I MANU COUNT ITUBE YOUNGTOWN 1YOUNGSTOWN SHEET&TUBE 1 YOUNGTOWN SHEET/TUBE 1SPEC FIELD IN TLEAKThe field that indicates the pipe specification in the TRANS Database utilizes many differententries to indicate the same information. This has been corrected by the NJIT team as shownin the following table. Many of the entries in the database indicate that the operator was notaware of the information required for the SPEC field or were not aware of the specification ofthe pipeline that leaked.All different entries found in the original SPEC field are shown. Those that would have acommon value in the corrected database are shown in a box.A-120 API 5L MODIFIED SCHED.40 ASTM A234A-25 API 5L X SEAMLESSA-30 API 5LK SERIES 600.HA53 API 5X SMITH WELD ERWA53 API 6-D SMITHWELDGRADE B, A106 API SLX SMLSSA1O6B API SPEC5LGR. B SPEC-DTD 10/10/435A285C API STD 5L SPIRAL WELD PIPAISI 316 API STD. 5L SS SA312ANSI 900 API-5-L STANDARD WEIGHTANSI 900 RTJ API-51X STYLE 38ANSI 900# CLASS API-STD-5LX X-40ANSI 900#END CONNECT API.5LX 28.04 X -42ANSI B31 4 API5L-X 5 LX-X42ANSI600# WN RF FLANG APISL 5L X 42AOS SPEC 11 09-D APL 5L APi 5LX42API 6D ANSI 9 6 5/81 7.02 L 5L-X42ASME A105 12.39#/FT. API - 5L GRADE X-42ASTM 24 AP15LXX42ASTM-A155 24000 API5LX42ASTM A-120 3000 PSI API 5L GR. X-42ASTM A134 316 SS, SCH.80 API 5L GR.X-42ASTM A53 900#ANSI SPOOL API 5L GRX42ASTM B209-3003 A. 0. SMITH API 5LX Y42ASTM D-2513 A.O.SMITH A.P.I. 5LX42ASTM-134-42 CADIUM PLATED STL. API SL X 42ASTM-A-106 D.N.A. API-5L GR. X-42ASTM-A-53 ASME-SA-53 ELEC. WELD API-5L-X42ASTM-A269 FIG.524, 500 WOG API-5L-X42-A53-BASTMA-106 GRB FLANGE REPAIR + API-5LX 42GR.B ASTM Z-106-1 968 FLNG., 12, 600# API-5LX GRADE X42SPEC ASTM A-126-42 LAP WELD `A' API-5LX X-42API 5. LW API-5LX-42API 51 MODEL D-66 API-5LX-X42API 14# GRADE H-40 c MSS-SP-75 API5 GR X42API 5 L X NON STANDARD API5L-X 42API NOT KNOWN GR. X-42API GLX PLASTIC SPI5LX-42APi - 5LX PVC PIPE STEEL GRADE 42APi 5L SCH 40 XL-42AP15L SCH. 80316 S.S 5L X-52API -5LX SCHED. AD, GRADE B API 5 LX52ERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE A2-34
APPENDIX A-2API 5 LX 52 API-5LX-46 API-5L, GRADE BAPI 5L X52 API-GRADE X-46 API-5L-GR.BAPI 5L-X52 API5L GRADE X46 API-5L-GRADE BAPI 5LX X-52 GR.X-46 API5L GR BAPI SLX52 STEEL GRADE + 46 API5L GR.BAPISLX 52 X-46 API5L GRADE BAPI-5LX; X-52 AP15LXGRX - 60 API5L, GR. BAPI5L X-52 APi 5LXGRX - 60 API5LGRBAPI5LX X52 API 5L,X-60 GR B 35X-50 API 5LX-60 GR. BX-52 VC WT X-60 GRADE GA. B, API 5LX-56 API5LX6O GR.BX56 X.60 GRADE `B'A1O6GRADEB X60 GRADEBPIPEA-106-B API5LX-65 GRADE B, API-5LAP5LX46 AP15L-GR. B GRD BAPI 5L GRADE X46 API 5 LB API 5AAPI 5L-46 API 5L GB GA. AAPI FL X 46 API 5L-GRADE BThis type of error occurs in many text fields in the database and need correction. NJITcorrected only those variables needed to complete the work in this contract.A similar type of error in the database involved the thickness and diameter of the pipe involvedin incidents. The diameter of the pipe as given by the operators in the incident reports ·ftenlisted the outer diameter of the pipe rather than the nominal diameter as requested in theincident form. This results in a large number of entries for diameter. Similarly, the pipethickness is usually a "fraction of an inch". When entering the thickness of the pipeline as a"decimal" value, many different values are entered.The diameter and thickness from the original database and the corrections are shown later inthis report."REAL" FIELDS BEING ENTERED INTO AN INCORRECTPOSITION IN THE DATA FIELD RESULTING IN AN INCORRECTVALUE IN THE DATABASEALTRN DATABASEIt was found by the NJIT team that the OPS ALTRN Database values for the nominal diameterNMDIA of the pipeline as specified in the incident database was oft by two orders ofmagnitude. After consultation with OPS staff, NJIT was directed to adjust the original values forthe NMDIA by dividing by 100. The table below compares the original values divided by 100with the corrected values and shows any disagreements. There are 5,239 records in thecorrected ALTRN Database of which 260 records needed additional corrections beyond dividingthe original value by 100. Several values were still off by orders of magnitude while most of the260 values were entered correctly into the database and had to be returned to their originalvalue.ERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE A2-35
APPENDIX A-2 TYPOGRAPHIC ERRORS IN ENTERING THE DATA INTO THE DATABASE Typographic errors can occur anywhere in the entering of data. The best way to avoid this type of error is to have a third party check the data when it is entered. The NJIT team picked up some errors when reviewing the data. Examples of these include: * When reviewing the diameter and thickness data together one can see examples where a diameter or thickness variable is clearly in error and the correct solution is obvious. * By comparing the annual reports for individual operators, one can pick up a typographic error because the value varies for one year as compared to the other ten years. AT7079 ANNUAL REPORTS DATABAsE Certain values in the A17079 Database by comparing values for individual operators for all of the years included in the database. The records were flagged as having an error by comparing the total miles, by operator, for decade of installation and diameter. In some cases the error was obvious and easily corrected. In other case, the error was corrected by the NJIT team using their best estimate. The tables below show the original and the corrected values in the table for various fields studied. CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B1T1 IN AT7079 RPTID COR ORIG RPTID COR ORIG RPTID COR ORIG RPTID COR ORIG 700030 83 0 710349 10947 9999 730138 0 410 750273 364 0 700050 2 0 710387 334 1202 730222 0 9 750274 364 0 700064 10 0 710442 1 0 730274 19 0 750353 0 8 700075 0 133 710443 0 8 730275 0 17 750383 2 0 700178 69 0 720002 161 9 730320 974 0 760028 0 8 700274 16 0 720106 0 17 730452 0 8 760248 4387 0 700309 0 416 720110 4851 795 730512 1 0 760307 60 0 700327 88 85 720206 83 0 740103 0 17 760479 40 0 700332 7 0 720284 0 411 740108 4734 681 770048 7 0 700344 539 0 720330 0 8 740341 0 8 770290 0 8 710028 83 0 720341 55 0 740363 603 0 770425 3848 0 710069 0 ~ 720452 99 12 750109 0 17 780078 0 13 710177 0 42 730074 4851 717 750114 4567 514 780171 1 0 710331 0 412 730124 235 0 750140 0 1 780197 5 0CORRECTED ORIG 0.125 0.125 0.25 0.25 0.188 0.188 0.281 0.281 0.237 0.237 0.133 0.133 0.375 0.375 0.154 0.154 0.156 0.156 0.25 0.25 0.275 0.275 0.25 0.25CORRECTED ORIG 0.113 0.113 0.113 0.113 0.203 0.203 0.25 0.25 0.156 0.156 0.32 0.32 0.375 0.375 0.156 0.156 0.25 0.25 0.156 0.156 0.203 0.203 0.203 0.203CORRECTED ORIG 0.133 0.133 0.312 0.312 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.188 0.188 0.281 0.281 0.219 0.219 0.219 0.219 0.277 0.277 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.375 0.375CORRECTED ORIG 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.28 0.25 0.25 0.173 0.173 0.219 0.219 0.154 0.154 0.188 0.188 0.188 0.188 0.562 0.562ERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-38
APPENDIX A-2RPTID COR ORIG780211 27 0780293 0 8780299 2287 0RPTID COR ORIG I790082 18 0790193 10 0790208 5 0RPTID COR ORIGI790257 1 0790322 4 0790347 1 0RPTID COR ORIG I790404 30 0790609 6 0790610 4 0 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B1T2 IN AT7079 z COR ORIG I 760248 141 0 770032 2 0 770425 141 0 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B1T3 IN AT7079700055 2 28700063 6 0700075 1 0700144 1 0RPTID COR ORIG!RPTID COR ORl~700309 92 0710069 2 0710331 92 0720106 2 0720284 101 10730138 100 10730275 2 0740103 2 0RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value730452 8 0740103 13 0740108 384 0740280 0 351740341 8 0750109 13 0750114 384 0750146 8 0750169 0 15750288 0 352D B1T4 IN AT7079RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B1T5 IN AT7079RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original ValueRPTID COR ORIG!zCOPORIGzCORORIGzCORORIG7000551153307201101410730275107000751170720231737774010310700309407202844074010814107103314073007414107501091072010610730138407501141410RPTID COR ORIGCORRECTIONS TO FIEL RPTID COR ORIG 720106 13 0 720110 384 0 720277 0 352 720284 37 0 720330 8 0 730074 384 0 730138 37 0 730207 0 50 730275 13 0 730445 0 352RPTID COR ORIG700055 2 6700075 3 0700308 4 0700309 37 0700404 6 0710069 2 0710139 0 50710331 37 0710443 8 0720079 0 50RPTID COR ORIG700045 15 0700047 30 31700055 32 39700075 11 0700100 29 0700194 5 0700308 6 600700309 245 0700404 5 0700412 12 0710069 2 0710331 245 0I RPTID .COR ORIGII 750109 2 0! RPTID COR ORIG 750353 8 0 760028 8 0 760248 384 0 760324 0 24 770290 8 0 770425 384 0 780293 8 0 RPTID COR ORIG 760393 2 0 760504 75 758 770032 1 0 770076 0 1021 770260 316 319 770425 2504 0 780047 0 3 790284 0 54 790505 5 0RPTID COR ORIG710341 0 44710387 1595 595710427 5 11720106 1 0720110 2504 0720277 352 563720284 245 0720520 5 0730074 2504 0730138 245 0730222 9 0730275 1 0RPTID COR ORIG730291 56 0730445 352 563740103 1 0740108 2504 0740280 352 563750109 1 0750114 2504 0750146 30 0750288 352 563760248 2504 0760303 0 15760324 24 0ERRoRs IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-39
APPENDIX A-2 CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B1T6 IN AT7079RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B1T7 IN AT7079 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B2T1 IN AT7079COR ORIG 0RPTIDCORORIGI~02132301RPTID COR ORIG]720214 286 olRPTID COR ORIG]740037 2 01 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B2T2 IN AT7079RPTIDCOR ORIG I7805644 DI RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original ValueRPTID COR OPIGRPTID COP ORIG700027 1 14700045 244 259700055 66 79700075 4 0700100 29 0700156 50 0700268 563 559700287 0 13700308 8 800700309 34 0700400 0 11700404 11 0710069 1 0710110 1 0710131 78 0710139 38 0710177 42 0RPTID COR ORIGRPTID COR OPIG710206 0 5710238 0 66710239 0 66710289 563 559710321 93 92710331 34 0710341 44 0720079 38 0720110 2918 0720149 0 5720277 563 0720284 34 0720503 0 66720520 ii 0730074 2918 0730091 16 10730138 34 0730207 38 0730294 0 5730445 563 0740053 49 0740108 2918 0740141 0 5740280 563 0740477 16 10740505 0 66750059 49 0750114 2918 0750146 56 0750151 0 5750169 15 0750288 563 C750383 2 C750420 7 ~760062 2 0760248 2918 0760303 15 0760393 0 2770076 1021 110770425 2918 0780004 0 1780025 0 1780042 23 0780047 0 3790284 54 0790426 56 0790498 23 0790504 6 0790505 3 0RPTID COR ORIGRPTID COP ORIG700027 0 14700051 0 20700055 5 7700061 4 1700105 10 0700117 5 0700123 1 0700243 0 29700287 0 13700369 0 5700400 0 11700415 10 1710041 9 10710131 0 178RPTID COR ORIG710139 12 0710206 5 0710238 66 0710239 66 0710383 10 9710401 5 4720038 60 65720079 12 0720127 5 3720149 5 0720313 0 3720431 26 0720503 66 0730170 0 4730207 12 0730294 5 0730351 3 0740053 0 49740141 5 0740505 66 0750059 0 49750064 0 93750072 0 40750146 2 0750151 5 0750383 2 0750420 0 74760061 0RPTID COP ORIG760062 2 0760351 6 0760407 4 0770076 110 0770260 98 99780025 0 1780042 0 23780047 0 3780059 15 0790040 31 0790426 45 0790498 0 23790500 15 0790505 1 0I 700370 1158ERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-40
APPENDIX A-2 CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B2T3 IN AT7079 I RPTID COR ORIG 710064 1011 0 780564 112 0 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B2T4 IN AT7079 - I RPTID COR ORIG I RPTID COR ORIG 740460 1384 0 780564 37 0 750312 5 0 780579 5 0 760108 5 0 790406 5 0 770322 5 0 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected VaJu~ ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B2T5 IN AT7079 CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B2T6 IN AT7079 CORRECTIONS TO FIELD B2T7 IN AT7079RPTID COR ORIG730147 54 0730329 4148 0740460 4148 0750068 33 0750108 54 0750115 1693 0750231 6 0RPTID COR ORIG750496 23 0760108 2 0760160 394 393760166 56 0760204 33 0760242 54 0770335 15 0RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original ValueI RPTID COR ORIG 710064 1160 0 710154 1403 1203 710175 1107 117 730329 1384 0 RPTID COR ORIG 700045 15 0 700089 107 0 700120 28 12 700196 51 0 710064 2655 0 710129 113 0 710380 98 79 RPTID COR ORIG 700005 8 0 700045 244 0 700089 142 0 700156 50 0 700293 46 0 700370 29 0 710046 34 0 710061 34 0 710064 3778 0 710129 101 0 710243 4 0 710332 154 0 720285 154 0 720414 18 0 RPTID COR ORIG 700046 24 7 700370 88 0 710040 24 7 710064 298 0 710126 2 0RPTID COR ORIG720493 34 0730128 18 0730147 36 0730168 34 0730243 154 0730329 2138 0740121 43 0740313 378 190740424 18 0740460 2138 0750068 8 0750108 36 0750115 1353 0750231 3 0RPTID COR ORIG750312 2 0750325 1 0750326 120 C750496 38 0760003 85 0760166 31 0760204 8 0760242 36 0760399 93 0770035 93 0770162 8 0770322 2 0770335 75 0770336 10 0RPTID COR ORIG770375 54 0780081 12 0780107 54 0780564 238 0780593 15 0790074 54 0790173 69 0RPTID COR ORIG770375 36 0770473 2 0780066 43 0780107 36 0780564 37 0780579 2 0780592 10 0780593 75 0790074 36 0790173 55 0790406 2 0790494 93 0RPTID COR ORIG730329 321 0740017 16 0740121 27 0740220 106 0740424 17 0RPTID Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original ValueRPTID COR ORIG710129 1 0710354 4 3720308 61 0720414 17 0720443 2 0RPTID COR ORIG720512 9 0730033 6 0730128 17 0730289 9 0730319 7 0ERRoRs IN THE NATuRAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-41
APPENDIX A-2 RPTID COR ORIG _______________ 750537 9 0 760003 122 0 760166 9 0 760360 110 0 760373 6 0 760397 1 0 760399 56 0 760458 9 0 770004 6 0 770035 76 0 770046 57 45 __________________ RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD C1T1 IN AT7079TAPTIDCORORIG]17300336~ˆJI790316036] RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD C1T2 IN AT7079[ RPTIDCOR ORIGr 7805640 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD C1T3 IN AT7079 RPTID COR ORIG 780564 0 112 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD C1T4 IN AT7079RPTIDCORORIG71028001057400401876041478056410837 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD C1T5 IN AT7079RPTIDCORORIG]780469780531791639711671780564023~j RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original ValueRPTID COR ORIG740453 2 0740460 321 0740514 9 0750004 6 0750057 4 0750115 529 0750230 100 0750231 13 0750325 142 0750326 90 0750469 2 0RPTID COR ORIG770125 10 0770153 31 0770335 126 0770336 150 0770440 2 0770473 10 0770502 9 0780066 27 0780158 25 0780195 6 0780393 2 0RPTID COR ORIG780451 9 0780501 31 0780564 16 0780592 150 0780593 126 0790173 21 0790262 2 0790494 79 0790497 25 0RPTIDCORORIG7001571330710280105229730147540770260316319ERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEPAGE A2-42
APPENDIX A-2 CORRECTIONS TO FIELD C1T6 IN AT7079 RPTID COR ORIG 700315 689 2286 700419 71 104 710280 229 33 720450 0 30 730147 36 54 740040 1 0 740432 31 92 760414 1 0 780531 11 12 780564 0 37 790145 57 75 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD C1T7 IN AT7079 RPTID COR ORIG 700157 26 0 700315 447 2333 700317 72 7 700321 0 12 700357 0 44 700419 11 113 710280 33 367 720450 0 30 730147 0 36 740316 6 37 760543 9 104 780564 0 16 790219 137 721 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD C2T4 IN AT7079 c21T4ERR.xLs I RPTID COR ORIG I 730095 0 761 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD C2T5 IN AT7079 c21T5ERR.xLs RPTID COR ORIG 700303 0 4796 730095 0 116 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original Value CORRECTIONS TO FIELD C2T6 IN AT7079 RPTID COR ORIG 700303 0 3405 730095 0 92 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original ValueERRORS IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE A2-43
APPENDIX A-2 CORRECTIONS TO FIELD C2T7 IN AT7079RPTIDCORORIG I70030303067100900222730095012 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original ValueAT8081 ANNUAL REPORTS DATABAsEIn comparing total miles in the system from the annual report, a significant error was found.This is documented below. ERROR IN RECORD OF OPERATOR 12432 IN AT8081 BiT I CiT CORRECTED YR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TOT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TOT 80 0 0 1272 2516 3697 563 37 8085 0 0 1272 2516 3697 563 37 8085 80 0 0 0 0 0 203 77 280 0 0 0 0 0 203 77 280 80 0 0 0 0 0 203 77 280 0 0 0 0 0 203 77 280 81 0 0 1272 2516 3697 563 81 8129 0 0 1272 2516 3697 563 81 8129 81 0 0 0 0 0 203 60 263 0 0 0 0 0 203 60 263 81 0 0 0 0 0 203 0 203 0 0 0 0 0 203 0 203 ORIGINAL 80 0 0 1272 2516 3697 563 37 18085 0 0 1272 2516 3697 563 37 8085 80 0 0 0 0 0 203 77 280 0 0 0 0 0 203 77 280 80 0 0 0 0 0 203 77 280 0 0 0 0 0 203 77 280 81 0 0 1272 2516 3697 563 81 8129 0 0 1272 2516 3697 563 81 8129 81 0 0 0 0 0 203 60 263 0 0 0 0 0 203 60 263 81 0 0 0 0 0 203 0 203 0 0 0 0 0 203 0 203The typographic error is shown in bold and is easily seen when comparing the values for theyears in the database.TLEAK DATABAsE CORRECTIONS TO FIELD THK IN TLEAK RPTID COR ORIG 910163 0.156 156 910165 0.281 281 910180 0.188 188 920082 0.344 344 930025 0.25 250 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original ValuePIP DATABAsE CORRECTIONS TO FIELD THK IN PIPRPTIDCORORIG28402090.1251.25 RPTID - Report ID of Record COR - Corrected Value ORIG - Original ValueERRoRs IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE A2-44
APPENDIX A-2INCORRECT DOCUMENTATION OF THE DATABASETwo different copies of the official RSPAJOPS forms used to document the annual reportsdatabase may be found in Appendix Il of this report. These are copies of the forms given toNJIT by RSPA/OPS personnel. The form with the field names was given to NJIT at the onset ofthe project.The next to the last column on the first page is headed 1/1/80 TO 12/31 OF THE REPORTINGYEAR. Since the forms were used from 1970 to 1979, it did not seem reasonable to the NJITteam that the 1980 column could be on the form with values in the fields. How could there be150 miles of pipe installed in 1980 be known in a report filed in 1972?When NJIT inquired of RSPNOPS personnel, the response was, this is the correct form. NJITpersonnel then inquired if a hard copy of a form filed by an operator in the `70's might beavailable. A copy was located by RSPNOPS personnel and forwarded to NJIT. This is thesecond form in Appendix II. The general fields are the same in general but off by one decade.ERRoRs IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE PAGE A2-45
APPENDIx A-3 NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE INTRODUCTION This appendix describes the specific areas where normalizing data is lacking to draw statisti- cally significant inferences for RSPA to use in program development in such areas as risk as- sessment and risk management, and recommend methods for obtaining such data, including recommendations for revising the reporting forms to provide normalizing data. SPECIFIC AREAS WHERE NORMALIZING DATA IS LACKING TO DRAW STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT INFERENCES The OPS database is an important tool in determining the strengths and weaknesses of the transmission pipeline system with regard to the probability of the occurrence of an incident! accident. The database is divided into two distinct components. The first is the detailed de- scription of each individual incident/accident. The second is the annual report that describes the total pipeline system each year. The OPS database has need for modification in order to strengthen it for analysis purposes. The general area of modification includes: * The data obtained for the database has changed significantly several times over the pe- riod it has been taken. Supplemental data should be obtained to make a consistent and functional database for the entire period of record. * The data recorded in the annual reports doesn't include all of the factors taken in the in- cident reports. As an example, the incident reports from `70-'79 included information on the type of cathodic protection used on the pipe where the incident occurred. This detail is not included in the annual reports. Were information of this type available in the an- nual reports, one could normalize the incident data and have a basis for comparing the effectiveness of the cathodic protection utilized. This additional information is required to allow for a statistical analysis of the data and a deter- mination of the probability of the occurrence of an incident on the basis of individual factors for the entire period of record. These data is required in the description of individual incidents as well as the annual reports. In order to draw statistical inferences it is important to be able to normalize the data, e.g. ex- press incident data as incidents per mile year for the various factors to be considered. Exam- ples of normalizing data needed in the RSPAIOPS database are given below. NoRMALIZING DATA IN THE NATuRAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE A3-1
APPENDIx A-3NORMALIZING DATAConsider the ALTRN `70-'82 and AT7079 `70-'79 incident and annual reports, respectively.For the period 1970-1979, the average number of miles of transmission pipelines with coatedpipes is found as 229,400 mi. For the same period, 29,960 mi of pipe, on average, were un-coated. Consider the incidents reported for that period, where the cause was corrosion, 350incidents occurred on bare pipes and 459 incidents on pipes that was either coated or wrapped.The incident rate for that period may be normalized as: COATED PIPE INCIDENT RATE = 459/229,400 = 0.20 incidents/i ,000 mi-yr UNCOATED PIPE INCIDENT RATE = 350/29,960= 1.17 incidents/i ,000 mi-yrIt is easy to draw the conclusion, statistically, that coating reduces the rate of corrosion failures.If the data were not normalized, it would be expressed as: COATED PIPE INCIDENT RATE = 459 incidents per year UNc0ATED PIPE INCIDENT RATE = 350 incidents per yearIn non-normalized form, it is not possible to draw any conclusions on the effectiveness of coat-ing a pipe. In fact if one didn't know that there were many more miles of coated pipe as com-pared to non-coated, one might draw the incorrect conclusion that coated pipe has a "higher"incident rate.Normalizing the data clearly shows the importance of coating pipe in reducing corrosion fail-ures.Such of data are not uniformly available for many of the factors in the later databases. Thedata are further enhanced if broken down by year of installation of the pipeline.INCIDENT AND ANNUAL REPORT DATABASESThe information requested in the annual reports has changed several times over the period ofrecord from 1970 to the present. The most extensive amount of data was obtained in the ear-lier years. The earlier database serves as a possible baseline for the annual summary data.In addition, the data required in the earlier incident reports, ALTRN, were not always mirrored inthe annual report AT7079. The overall database would be strengthened if the miles of pipe ineach of the categories found in ALTRN and given below were known.Information obtained in ALTRN that is not also contained in AT7079 includes the following:NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE A3-2
APPENDIX A-3INCIDENT REPORT ALTERN wITH DATA NOT SUMMARIZED IN THE ANNUAL REPORTCapitalized names are fields in ALTRN PIPE SPECIFICATION Pipe specification - SPEC Material grade - GRADE Nominal diameter - NMDIA Pipe thickness - THK Toughness - TOUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION - ARTMC Commercial Industrial Residential Rural Undeveloped DEPTH OF COVER - COVDP COATING-WRAPPED - COAT COATING APPLICATION - MET Mill coated Yard coated Field coated COATING MATERIAL - CTMAT Coal tar Asphalt Wax Pre-fabricated film Thin film TYPE OF CATHODIC PROTECTION - CRTYP - IMPRESSED Galvanic TYPE OF PIPE MARKING - MARKTP - PERMANENT Map furnished Temporary stakes Paint Rxcavation - On-site observation ONE CALL SYSTEMS - STAT PIPE MANUFACTURER - MFR METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION - TRSP Truck Rail Ship PIPE CLASS - STEEL Seamless Electric resistance welded Submerged arc welding Butt welded Furnace-lap weldNoRMALIzING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE A3-3
APPENDIX A-3Other data that are not summarized in the annual reports but would probably not be available orwould not be of use in normalizing data include, for example: INITIAL TEST DATA - TEST MINIMUM TEST PRESSURE - MNOSIOther data summarized in some of the Annual Reports but not part of the incident reports in-clude: FREQUENCY OF INSPECTION OF PIPELINESOther information that is not obtained either in the incident/accident or annual reports that mightbe useful would include: * Frequency of inspection at incident/accident location and for the entire system on an annual basis. * Right of Way width at incident/accident location and for the entire system updated on an annual basis. * Type of mapping scale of the pipeline available at incident/accident location and for the entire system and updated on an annual basis.Not all of the variables given above are of equal value in improving risk assessment in the pipe-line industry. Without detailed knowledge gained from an improved database, it is difficult toremove factors from consideration.In addition it would be useful to update the later incident and annual reports to include some ofthe data as used in the original reports. These might include the following. AGE OF PIPE One of the questions that is currently being asked with regard to the incident rate is the re- lationship of failures to the age of the pipe. It would be useful to supplement the existing annual reports with data on pipe age in the various operator systems to include: Miles of pipe in the operators system by construction decade, prior to 1940, `40's, `50's, `60's, `70's, `80's and `90's for all pipe, coated pipe, uncoated pipe, cathodic protected pipe and not protected pipe. MILES OF PIPE BY NOMINAL SIZE The groupings of pipe diameter used in TRANS annual report `84 - is adequate, although not as detailed as the ALTRN `70 - `79 database. The same data as used in TRANS may be extracted from the earlier databases for consistency in the analysis over the years. The groupings should split at the limiting size for pigging so as not to cause a future problem.NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE A3-4
APPENDIx A-3 FREQUENCY OF INSPECTION AND SURVEY The data included in the earlier databases should be updated from 1982 to 1994. This would allow for the normalizing of the data based on inspection activities and would include the type and frequency of inspection. INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGES It is assumed that all incidents resulting in significant property damage or injury would result in the filing of an incident report. The yearly summary may then be obtained by adding the individual incident report values and requires no change in the annual report. NEW INFORMATION * The number of miles of pipe, by year of construction and diameter of pipe, that is subject to pigging, by type and frequencies needed in order to determine the effectiveness of "pigging" on a statistical basis. * The number of repairs made each year based on pigging information should also be pro- vided to again determine the effectiveness of avoiding accidents based on this technology. INCIDENT REPORT DATABASE ENvIRoNMENTAL DESCRIPTION The data collected for the ALTRN database on environmental description should be obtained for the later PIP and TLEAK incident databases, appx. 1982-1994. The data includes: PREDOMINANT TYPE OF AREA AT TIME OF CONSTRUCTION AT TIME OF THE INCIDENT Commercial Commercial Industrial Industrial Residential Residential Rural Rural - Undeveloped Undeveloped Unknown Other Other _____ NEW INFORMATION Each incident report should be updated to indicate if the section of pipe involved in the incident is pigged and when the last "pigging" review was conducted. FORMAT FOR ANNUAL REPORTS AND INCIDENT REPORTS The format for the data to be gathered in the annual reports which would then be referenced in the incident/accident reports is well illustrated in the Comprehensive Inspection Report of New NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE A3-5
APPENDIX A-3Jersey Gas Transmission Pipeline Operators' abbreviated summary tables. An expanded ver-sion of this table see questionnaire in the next section of this report would be the basis of avery workable database. Incidents could be related to the specific section of pipe as in the ta-ble.This format for data gathering is required to allow for cross correlation of the various factors thatcontribute to incidents/accidents.Utilization of this format would require significant effort on the part of the operators in datagathering, It should be considered for future data rather than for the historical data cited above.METHoDs FOR OBTAINING THE NORMALIZING DATAThere are several approaches available for supplementing the OPS database and thereby ob-taining the needed data to normalize the results of the study. These are as follows:1. The data may be obtained by sending a questionnaire to 8 - 10, large, small and medium operators see next section of this report for a copy of a possible questionnaire. Assuming that the survey group represents the entire population statistically, normalized results may be inferred for the entire population of operators. The larger the sample population, the better the representation of the entire operator population. It appears that the required data exists at the individual operators and every effort should be made to acquire same.2. GRI/AGA/INGAA could compile the data on a nationwide basis. They could then remove any reference to the individual operators and provide the sanitized results for use by OPS.3. OPS could obtain the data in the future as part of the regulatory requirements for reporting incidents and annual summaries. These data could then be used by RSPAIOPS as they become available. The new database would improve every year because new data are being added.CHANGES TO INCIDENT REPORTSThe cause of an incident as used in all incident reports include the following categories: * CORROSION * DAMAGE BY OUTSIDE FORCES * CONSTRUCTION DEFECT OR MATERIAL FAILURE * OTHERThe hazardous liquid database utilizes a more detailed choice of incident causes. These shouldbe considered for adoption by the gas pipeline incident reports. These variables include:NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE A3-6
APPENDIX A-3 * CORROSION * FAILED WELD * INCORRECT OPERATION BY OPERATOR PERSONNEL * FAILED PIPE * OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE * MALFUNCTION OF CONTROL OR RELIEF EQUIPMENT * OTHERFurther details of the cause of outside force accidents that might be adopted for gas pipelinesare as follows: * DAMAGE BY OPERATOR OR ITS CONTRACTOR * DAMAGEBYOTHERS * DAMAGE BY NATURAL FORCES * LANDSLIDE * SUBSIDENCE * WASHOUT * FROST HEAVE * EARTHQUAKE * SHIP ANCHOR * MUD SLIDE * FISHING OPERATIONS * OTHERsDevelop questionnaires for gas pipeline operators and hazardous liquid pipeline operators toprovide normalizing data.NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE A3-7
APPENDIX A-3 QUESTIONNAIRES FOR ADDITIONAL DATA FOR SAMPLE GROUP OF OPERATORS Gi- PLEAsE INDICATE THE MILES OR PERCENTAGE OF SYSTEM OF PIPELINE IN YOUR SYSTEM WHERE STATUTORY ONE-CALL SYSTEMS, MANDATORY AND VOLUNTARY ARE UTILIZED AND NOT UTILIZED FOR THE YEARS INDICATED. MILEs OF PIPELINE IN THE SYsTEMYEARMANDAToRYONE CALLVOLUNTARYONE CALL NoONE CALLTOTAL PIPELINEMILES IN SYSTEM19701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995These data would be part of the annual report form to allow for the normalization of the analysisof incident data.NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEA3-8
APPENDIX A-3G2- PLEASE INDICATE THE PERCENTAGE OF YOUR SYSTEM WHICH IS PIGGABLE, MILES OF PIPELINE IN YOUR SYSTEM WHERE PIGGING IS PERFORMED BY YEAR AND LEVEL OF SENSITIVITY OF THE INSTRUMENT UTILIZED. MILEs OF PIPELINE IN THE SYSTEMYEARMAGNETIC FLUXMAG FLUXSENsITIvITYGEOMETRICINSTRUMENTGEoMETRICSENSITIVITYPIGGABLE %OF SYSTEM1970197119721973197419751976197719781979198019811982.1983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995These data would be part of the annual report form to allow for the normalization of the analysisof incident data.NoRMALIzING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE A3-9
APPENDIX A-3 G3- INDICATE FOR EACH REPORTED INCIDENT FOR THE PERIOD 1983 THRU 1995, THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION ON THE INCIDENT.DATE OFRPTID OFPIGGED PRIOR TODATE OFTYPE OFINCIDENTINCIDENT1INCIDENT Y/N/NP2PIGGINGPIG__________________________________________________________________ IThese data would be used to supplement incident report form.1 Report ID in OPS form2 NP=Incident location is not piggableNORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASEA3-1O/
APPENDIX A-3G4- PLEASE INDICATE THE MILES OF PIPELINE IN YOUR SYSTEM BY CLASS LOCATION AS DEFINED IN 49CFR 192.5 FOR THE YEARS GIVEN. MILES OF PIPELINE IN THE SYSTEMYEARCLASS 1CLASS 2CLASS 3CLASS 4198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995These data would be part of the annual report form to allow for the normalization of the analysisof incident data.G5- PLEASE ESTIMATE THE MILES OF PIPELINE IN YOUR SYSTEM, BY DEVELOPMENT IN VICINITY OF THE PIPELINE, FOR THE YEARS GIVEN IF THE DATA IS REASONABLY AVAILABLE. MILES OF PIPELINE IN THE SYSTEMYEARCOMMERCIALINDUSTRIALRESIDENTIALRURALUNDEVELOPED1970~______________1971197219731974~_____________197519761977197819791980198119821983These data would be part of the annual report form to ailow for the normalization of the analysisof incident data.NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE A3-1 1
APPENDIX A-3G6- PLEASE INDICATE THE MILES OF PIPELINE IN YOUR SYSTEM BY DATE OF CONSTRUCTION FOR THE YEARS SHOWN IN THE TABLE. MILES OF PIPELINE IN THE SYSTEMYEARPRIORTO 19401940THRU19491950THRU19591960THRU19691970THRU19791980THRu19891990THRu19992000THRU2010 NOTKNowN19701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995These data would be part of the annual report form to allow for the normalization of the analysisof incident data.G7- PLEASE INDICATE, IN GENERAL E.G., AERIAL SURVEY, GROUND SURVEY, ETC., THE IN- SPECTION PRACTICES UTILIZED BY YOUR COMPANY AND THE MILES OF PIPE ASSOCIATED WITH EACH OF THOSE PRACTICES BY YEAR FROM 1970 TO THE PRESENT.These data would be part of the annual report form to allow for the normalization of the analysisof incident data.NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE A3-12
APPENDIX A-3GB- PLEASE INDICATE THE FLYERS DISTRIBUTED SAMPLE AND NUMBER AS WELL AS THE OTHER PRACTICES UTILIZED BY YOUR COMPANY, IN GENERAL E.G., MEETINGS, ETC., TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC AS TO THE PRESENCE OF GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINES IN THEIR NEIGHBORHOOD AND THE MILES OF PIPELINE ASSOCIATED WITH EACH PRACTICE, BY YEAR, FROM 1970 THROUGH THE PRESENT.These data would be part of the annual report form to allow for the normalization of the analysisof incident data.G9- PLEASE INDICATE THE TRAINING PROGRAMS UTILIZED BY YOUR COMPANY FOR YOUR EM- PLOYEES WITH REGARD TO SAFETY AND RISK REDUCTION, IN GENERAL, BY YEAR FROM 1970 TO THE PRESENT.These data would be part of the annual report form to allow for the normalization of the analysisof incident data.Gi 0- PLEASE INDICATE THE MAPPING SYSTEM CURRENTLY USED BY MILE OF PIPE IN YOUR SYSTEM. MILES OF PIPELINE IN THE SYSTEMMANUAL DRAFTINGCADAM/FMGISThese data would be used to supplement incident report form.Gil - PLEASE INDICATE THE TYPE OF MITIGATION RISK AVOIDANCE MEASURES CURRENTLY USED IN YOUR SYSTEM.MITIGATION TECHNIQUEYESCK.NoCK.FREQuENCY OF USE% OF SYSTEM COVEREDMag flux piggingUltra sound piggingCaliper piggingAerial surveillanceGround surveillanceVisual leak detectionAcoustic monitoringComputer monitoringHydrostatic testClose interval pipe-to-soil potential surveyOther-Other -Other -These data would be used to supplement incident report form.NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATuRAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE A3-13
APPENDIx A-3 G12- PLEASE INDICATE THE MILES OF PIPELINE IN YOUR SYSTEM WHERE THE MAOP, OPERATING PRESSURE, DIAMETER, THICKNESS, SPEC, GRADE AND MOST RECENT TEST PRESSURE HAVE UNIFORM CHARACTERISTICS. ALSO INDICATE THOSE VALUES FOR EACH YEAR FROM 1970- 1994. A SAMPLE RESPONSE IS SHOWN IN ITALICS. THIS QUESTION WILL ALLOW MORE SO- PHISTICATED METHODS TO BE USED IN THE DATA ANALYSIS. MILES OF PIPELINE IN THE SYSTEMPIPEWALLPIPEPIPECOVERMILESYEARS ATMAOPDIAMTHICKSPECGRADEDEPTHOF PIPETHIS VALUE975 psig36"0.312"APIX 5236"18.4 ml`70-'89These data would be used to supplement incident report form.NORMALIZING DATA IN THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DATABASE A3-14
APPENDIX BBi - RSPAIOPS INCIDENT AND ANNUAL REPoRTs FORMSB2 - DEFINITION OF TERMS IN THE RSPNOPS DATABAsE
~PO~T OAIt OPARIMENT OF TRANSPORTATION LEAK OR TEST FAILURE REPORT-TRANSMISSION £ GATHERING SYSTEMS 0 taat 0 ttsr PA.SURI BIP0~1 trPCT 0 ~5W C~dTWCflON 0 trISTING PAOUT~Y Specifi `Wi. far Scit eiSTWC~ONS~ Ccmplrir thu tide of this into. Lot meb i~c,deot regardless of team. Cbeck appropnatr boa Me apoci6c team of Imk or inJure and complere the j~rnuenr pans 00 the r~ene aide. ~ ~ LerM~ iaetdtot a. o COIIOSION DAMAGE BY OtflSlN CONSTIUCTION DUECT GE MATERIAL .ar~gag m.d ~gameh a this f~ PAST-A PoaaS-JaaT-s PA&UP1~PAST~C wbarv p.m are If material to answer an applicable question is not available this should be stared. Only such portions of the form as apply to the particular leak are ~o be completed. In all parts of the form which are not applicable, the letters "NA' should be inserted so that every item is completed. If additional instruction is needed to complete this form, the operator may telephone the De- partment of' Transportation, O~ce of Pipeline Safety, Area Code 202, 96-26000, Monday through Friday, 8:30 AM to 500 PM Eastern Time. ________________________ GENERAL1. OPERATOR INFORMATIONNAMS OP OPERATOBNUisati £ STRUTCITY & COUNTYSTATE & flF Coot10. PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE RESULTING FROM ESCAPE OF GAS a. Number of employees 1 Fatalities_____________________________ 2 Suffering lost-tune injuries b. Number of non'esnployees 1 Fatalities _______________________________________ 2 Injured and requiring medical treaunent other than on-site first aid___________________________atPORTING O~ICIALS Ta~NDrR NUMMI lmhadr Arm Gsa2. LEAK wmi RUPTURE a. Shear fracture feet b. Cleavage fracture feetc. Ha~ a fracture toughsaeas test been made on the ma- terial that ailed? 1 0 Yea 2 0 Nod. Is a metallurgical analysis planned? 1 0 Yes 2 0 No3. LOCATION AND TIME OF LEAK OR FAILUREc. Rupture occurred.........d. Gas ignited..............e. Explosion occurred.......£ Incident induced any secondary explosions or fires1 01 01 01 0 No2 02 02 02 0g. Estimated value of operator's property damage $a. Number & StreetCity & CountyState & ZIP Code b. Mile Post c. Survey Station No.d. Time of Detection e. isougs a aipwiss UTwUN TIME or err-1 Date 2 Hour StOW AND flMt ESCAPE Of GAS WAS STOP~1. Estimated pressure at posse and g.Maximuzn. allowable operating time of incident pressure - PSIG PSIGII. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION a. Predominant type of area I At time of construction a 0 Commercial 6 0 Industrial c 0 Residetitial d 0 Rural e 0 Undeveloped f 0 Unknown £ ~ Other Specify2 At time of incident a 0 Commercial 6 0 Industrial 0 Residential d 0 Rural 0 Undeveloped f 0 Other Specifyb. Predominant above-ground structure adjacent to leak Mulu-itory Single-story 1 Coinmercial a C b 0 2 Industrial a 0 6 0 3 Residential a 0 b 0 4 None 0 5 Other Specify b 04. lEAK OR FAILURE OCCUWD ON a. 0 Tran,m1sjlD~ system c. 0 Gathering system b. 0 TranamiuIi~.lin. of distribution system -5. PART Of SYSTEM~~OLIZ6KED 01 FAILED a. Part 4 0 Regulator station 1 DPipelMe~ 5OMeterstation 2 0 Compressor station 6 0 Other Specsfy_...._ 3 0 Dehydration plant b. Date installed _____________________________________6. ORIGIN OF LEAK OR FAILURE a. 0 Body of pipe g. 0 Scraper trap b. 0 Girth weld h. 0 Tap connection c. 0 longitudinal weld I. 0 Fitting Type d. 0 Other field weld j. 0 Gas cooler a. 0 Compressor k. 0 Other Specify 1 0 Valve z I-xoz~0-ozw~wcrU~O_ ~-<UI Cl 0 zc. Approximate distaoce to nearest above-ground structure ~P'ithis I mile of leak...............feetd. Did other underground facilityies contribute to occurrence of leak in any manner? I C Yes 2 DNoa. If so, what was effect on existence of other uzciityies?7. MATERIAL WHICH LEAKED OR FAILEDf. Was other utilicyiea imperiled by the leak? I DYes 2DNog. Distance of other acilityies or utilityies from leak or failure locationa. 0 Steel b. 0 Plastic c. 0 Other Specify________Other Mciliryaa coocributing toOther odlityiea ImpairedFt.1 0Other gas 80Ft.Ft.2 0 Telephone 90Ft.3 0 Electric 1004 0 Sewers St,rmII0Ft.5 0 Sewers Other 120Ft.Pt.6 0 Water 130Ft.7 0Other Spe 140Ft.9. TYPE OF REPAIRa. Pipe 1 0 Weld over.sleeve 4 0 Replace pipe length....,........ 2 0 Patch-welded _____________________ feet 3 0 Clampb. Component I 0 Replaced 2 0 Reconditioned -5 0 Other repair or disposition Specify3 0 Other Specifyb. Location of leak or failure I C Within building 5 0 Below walkway 2 0 Above ground 6 0 Below road-a.. aD Paved 3 0 Below ground b 0 Median or unpaved 4 0 Below water 7 0 Below other paved area Specifyi Depth of cover________________ i,ch~sj Soil information at pipe depth 1 0 Soil 2 0 Rock 3 Estimated soil temperature at point of leak _______ TNAME AND TITLE OF REPORTING OFFICIAL12. ADOmONAL DESCRIPTION OF INCIDENT OR FOR CONTINUATION OF EXPLANATiON OP ITEMS ABOVESIGNATURE OF REPORTING OFFiCIAL/
z xo~ rr~ w C- zPART-A CORROSION 1 GENERAL COatOSION IP*ORMAT1ON a. Location b. Descriptioc c. Cause 1 0 Internal corrolioc I 0 Pitting 1 0 Galvanic 3 0 Stray current 2 0 External corroajoc 2 0 General 2 0 Bacterial 4 0 Other Specify2. PIPE COATiNG INFORMATION a. Coating c. Method of application I 0 Bare 1 0 Mill coated 2 0 Coated 2 0 Yard coated 3 0 Wrapped 3 0 Field coated b. Year installed 4 0 Unknownd. Material 1 0 Coal tar 3 0 Thin.film coatings 2 0 Asphalt 6 0 Other Specify 3 0 Wax 4 0 Prefabricated filtu3. CAUSE OF COATING FAILURE 4. CATHODIC PROTECTION J. p54 ~ 501 a. 0 Damage -. e. 0 Other Specify a. 0 Yes d. Type b. 0 Defective material b. 0 No 1 0 Impressed 3 Other Specify c. 0 Defective application c. Year started 2 0 Galvanic d. 0 Decomposition6. SOIL RESISTIVITY 7. PE-TO.SOL POTENTIAL a. Last soil resistivity measurement in the ares of the leak a. Lest pipe-to-soil potential measurement at nearest points ohm.cm on each side of the lesk.._JV.Iss and V.ib b. Daze of measurement c. Distance from leak Feet b. Distance, row leak to each c. Date of meaaurement measurement point ....,...,...f Feat and__.........FeegPART-B DAMAGE BY OUTSIDE FORCESI. PRIMARY CAUSE OF LEAX a. 0 Damage by equipment operated by or or operator' c. 0 Damage by earth movement b. 0 Damage by equipment operated by outside party d. 0 Other Specify2. LOCATING INFORMATiON FOR EXCAVATING AND BLASTING INODENTS a. When leak resulted from damage by outside party's b. Was the pipeline marked or identified? 1 0 Yes 2 0 No equipment, did the operator get prior notification 1 u Yes,~ what type of marking or identification was used that the equipment would be used in the U& to advise outside party of location of pipeline?1 DYes 3 Date 4 Time gO Permanent markers * 0 Excavation2 0 No . fi 0 Map furnished / 0 On.site obser,ation c. Does statute or ordinance require the outside party C 0 Temporary stakes g 0 Other Specify to determine the location of pipelines 1 0 Parnt 1DYes 2DNo3. DAMAGE BY EARTH MOVEMENT a. 0 Subsidence c. 0 Landsbde e. 0 Other Sfrecifj~ b. 0 Earthquake d. 0 WashoutC Was the earth movement caused by direct or indirect action of others? 1 0 Yes 2 0 No If Yes, esÿeia ~flPART-C CONSTRUCTION DEFECT OR MATERIAL FAILURE1. PRIMARY CAUSE OF LEAX a 0 Construction defect b 0 Material failure2. DESCRIPTION OF PIPE a. Manufacturer b. Where was pipe manufactured c. Year manufactured 10 Expended 20 Nonczpanded d. Method of transportation1 0 Truck 2 0 R.ail 3 0 Ship 4 0 Other Specify 3 0 Unknown3. PIPE C.ASS a. Steel b. Plastic c. Cast Iron d. Other pipe matetial 1 0 Seamless 4 0 Butt welded 1 0 Thermopfr.scic 1 0 Centrifugally Specify 2 0 Electric.resistance 2 0 Thernsoseuzng welded 5 0 Furnace-lap Reinforced 1 or 2 2 0 Pit cast 3 0 Submerged~uc welded welded g. Yes 1. No4. CONSTRUCTION TYPE AT TiME Cf LEAR OR FAILURE AS DEFINED IN USAS $31 .8-I 96$ CODE. 0 A 0 i 0 C 0 D3. INmAL TEST DATA Was the line strength proof tested at tbe time of installation? a. 0 Yes b. 0 No c. 0 Not known If "Yes," what was rest medium 1 0 Air 4 0 Other Specify 5 Date of test 6 Minimum test 7 Time held at test 8 Estimated test 2 0 Gas pressure pug pressure Hears pressure at point 3 0 Water of leak pug6. SUBSEQUENT TEST DATA Have there been later strength proof tests made' a. 0 Yes b. 0 No c. 0 Not known If "Yes.' Was test medium: I 0 Air 4 0 Other Specify 5 Dste of test 6 Minimum test 7 Time held at test 2 0 Gas _____________ pressure Ps'E pressure Heart 3 0 Water8 Estimated testpressure at point ofleak pug
DEPA.RTMRHT OF TLAI4PCRTAUON LEAX OR TEST FAILURE REPORT-TRANSMISSION & GATHERING SYSTEMS0 iz*e 0 test r~a.um ~r ~T 0 sew c~esos~ttce~ 0 rm1~c FADIiTY $pasfr .an, fa. latePO1IUCTIOI*. ~ ~· a~ of thti Item be ach iacide~i regudlesa 01 ama.~.cI app pnan boa be ipmd.c ama of bek or Iaiiute and coesples. ale pamosat psss `I on the levene ~ o OTf I flm.~. ~imdms a dual - D CoescolOiR DAMAGC a? OUTSIOC CONSTSUCTON ~RCT ~ MATSLS& aemaf and .eth a thb f~ PART-A PO~-AIT-I FA.-PART.-.C ma If material to answer an apphceble question as not available this should be stated. Only such portions of the form as apply ~ the particular leak are to be completed. in all pam of the form which are oat applicable, the letters "NA" should be inserted so chat every item is,completed. if additional instruction is needed to complete this form, the operator may telephone the be. paitment of Transportatson, Othce of Pipelioe Safety, Are* Code 202, 96-26000, Monday thtough Friday, 8:30 AM en ~O0 PM Eastern Time. GENERAl.5. PART OP SYETEM..~341~J.E~LLD Of PAlLID a. ~ ~ `y - 4 0 Regulator station 1 0 Pipelisse 3 0 Meter station 2 0 Compressor sensors 6 0 Other Spersfy_ C Dehydration plant b. Date installed ____________________________________6. ORiGIN OP LW OR FA5UJRE a. 0 Body of pipe g. 0 Scraper trap b. 0 Girth weld h. C Tap connection c. 0 Longirudinal weld i. 0 iitv.ng Tpe tL 0 Other Seld weld j. 0 Gas cooler e. C Compressor k. C Other Specify ~ 0 Valve7. MATERiAL WHICH l.LAEED CR FAiLED a. C Steel b. 0 Plastic c. C Other Specify_______S. PIPE DESCRIPTIONa. Nominal diameter lathes b. Nominal wall thickness tetherc. Pipe specaSczcion d. Grade £ incident induced any mcondzry explosions or lies g. Estimated value of operator's property damage $ II. ENvIRONMeITAI. DEScRIPTION b. Predominant above.gztsisnd srtucture adjacent to teak Multi-story Single-story tCommercial ~0 60 2 Industrial 3Resideniis.l ~0 4 None 0 5 Other Specify b. Locatson of leak or failure I 0 Within building 5 0 Below walkway 2 0 Above ground 6 0 Below road-...a 0 Paved 3 0 Below ground 6 0 Median or unpaved~ 4 0 Below water 7 0 Below other paved area Specify12. ADDITIONAL 015C21Pfl0N OF INCIDENT OR FOR CONTINUATION OF EXPLANATION OF ITEMS AROVEN&ME AND TITLE OF RIPOSTING OFFICIAL SIGNAIURE CF REPOtTING OPPICALI. OPERATOR INFORMATION ce £ STUETart a cou~iYSTATS & OP COCEtePOTTDJO OPROMS tUD~~PR Miuma laa4.d. Aim Cad.2. l.LAR WITH RUPfljRS a. Shear fracture fin b~ Cleavage fracture finC. Has a fracture toughness test been made on the ma- terulcbst‚ilcd? 1OYesd. Ii a metallurgical analysis planned? 1 0 Yes3. lOCATION AND TIME OF LEAR OR FAuuRE10. PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE RESuLTiNG FROM ESCAPE OFOAS a. Number of employees I Fatalities___________________________ 2 Suffeting lost-time inunes b. Number of non-employees 1 Fatalities_________________________________ 2 injured and requiring medical trearment ocher than on-Rice Inc aid________________________C. Rupture occurred.........d. Gas ignited..............a. Explosion occurred.......a. Number & Street1 0w 01 01 C2 0 No2 0 NeCity& County No2 02 02 02 CState & ZIP Code b. Mile Post Station No.a. Predominant type of area I At time of conjunction ~ 0 Commercial 6 0 lndusuisl c 0 Residential d C Rural e 0 Undeveloped f 0 Unknown g 0 Oher Specifyd. Time of Detection a. scuas A MINUteS IETWUN T1MR OP DETEC.I Date 2 Houi~ lION AND TiNS ESCAPE OP GAS WAS STOPPiv£ Estimated pressure at point andlg.Mazimurn allowable operanog time of incident I pressure - - P3IG PSIG2 At tame of incident a 0 Commercial 6 0 Industrial c 0 Residential 1 0 Rural e 0 Undeveloped f 0 Other Specify4. LEAk OR FAILURE O~UR~D ON a. 0 Transmiasiou:apiz~ c. 0 Gathering system b. 0 Trans.~.i~ `~of distributson system`0 0~wI-L1~0~ Zci.W 0 z60c. Approximate disance to nearest above-ground structure W'ijbia I mile of nil..............fretd. Did ocher underground facilityiea contribute to occurrence of leak its any manner? I DYes 2 ONoa. If so. what was effect on existence of other faciuiryiesl?L Was other utilityies imperiled by theleak? LDYes 2DNog. Distance of other facilityies or utiuityies Irons leak or leilure locationOther bcilicyaes contnbani~g to Other ntiliry.an Imptigtd_______ Pt. I C Other gas I 0 Ft.________ Ft. 2 0 Telephone 9 0 ______________ Ft. ~ C Electric 10 0 _______Ft.________ Pt. 4 C Sewers St.rmIl 0 _______Ft.________Pt. s 0 Sewers Other 12 0 ______Pt.________ Ft. 6 C Water 13 0 ______________ Pt. 7 D,,~ser SPa jrifY~14 0 ______ Ft.9. TYPE OF REPAIRa. Pipe I 0 Weld over.steeve 4 0 Replace pipe letgth.............. 2 0 Patch.welded 3 0 Clamp 5 0 Other repair or disposition Specifyb. Component i~ 0 Replaced C Other Specify 2 0 Reconditioned ________________________i Depth of cover_______________ mthnj Soil information at pipe depth I 0 Soil 2 0 Rock 3 Estimated soil temperature at point of leak _______`P/
6. SUBSEQIJENT lEST DATA Have there been later strength proof tests m,4e? a. 0 Yes b. 0 No c. 0 Not known If "Yts.' Was test medium. 1 0 Air 4 0 Other Spersj ~ Date of test 2 OGas 3 C WaterPART-A CORROSIONI. GENUM. CO~O5ION lP*OSMATON a. Location b. Description c. Cause 1 0 Internal corrv..on I 0 Pitting 1 0 Galvanic ~ 0 Stray current 2 0 External cotrosson 2 0 Gtneezl 2 0 Bacterial 4 0 Other Sp*afy_2. PIPE COATING INPOEMATION a. Coating ` c. Method of application d. Material I 0 Bare 1 0 Mill coazed 1 0 Cosi tar 3> 0 Thin.6l~n coatingi 2 0 Coated 2 0 Yard coated 2 0 Mphalt 6 0 Other Specify_ 3 0 Wrapped 3 0 Field coated ~ 0 Wax b. Year initeiled_____ 4 0 t~0wn ~> ~ dim3. CAUSE OP COATING PA&URE 4. CATHODIC PROTECTION 5. NI ~ SOt a. 0 Damage e. 0 Other Spocqy a. 0 Yes d. Type b. 0 Defecrree material b. 0 No I 0 Impressed 3 Other Specs9 c. 0 Defective application c. Year started 2 0 Galvanic d. 0 Dtcompositon6. SOIL RESISTIViTY a. Last soil realuivity measurement in the ares of th. leak ohm-cm b. Daze of mesaurement C. Distance from Leak Pu:7. Pgf.TO-SOll. POTENTIAL a. Last pipe-to-soil potential measurement at nearest pomm on each side of the leak_f Va/ti iiod_V./b b. Distances from le*k to each c. Date of meaauz~z measurement point ..._.Fus_and_FessPART-B J DAMAGE BY OUTSIDE FORCESI. PRIMARY CAUSE Of LEAR i. 0 Damage by equipment opetared by or or operatoel c. 0 Damage by earth movement b. 0 Damage by equipment opeteted by outside party d. 0 Other Specify2. LOCATING INPORM&TIOP4 FOR EXCAVATING AND ILASTING INODEKIS a, Whtn leak resulted from damage by oumide paxrys b. Was the pipeline rnarkedor identiSed? 1 0 Yes 2 0 No equipment, did the operator get prior netidcatioti I If `Yes, what type of marking or idesua&ation was used that the zpmenc wo be used in the arts? to advise outside party of location of pipeline?1 0 Yt~ 3 Dam 4 rime a 0 Permanent markers * 0 Excivation2 0 No 0 Map furnished 1 0 On-site observation c. Does statute or ordinance require the onuide party ~ 0 Temporary stakes g 0 Other Spenfy to determine the location of pipelines d ~ - iDYes 2DNo3. DAMAGE BY EARTH MOVEMENT .. ~ Suhsidence c. 0 indalide a. 0 other Spenfy b. 0 Earthquake d. 0 Washout£~ Was the earth movemme caused by direct or indirect action of others? 1 0 Yes 2> 0 No If Yti. dspfa‡iPART-C ~ CONSTRUCTION DEFECT OR MATERIAL FAILUREPRIMAIT CAUSE OP LEAR a 0 Construction defect b 0 Material failure2. DESCRiPTION OP PIPE a. Manufacturer b. Where was pipe manufactured C. Year manufactured - 10 Expanded 2>0 Nonexpanded d. Method of transportation1 0_Truck 2_0_Rail 3_0_Ship 4_0_Other_Specify 0 Unknown3. PIPE O.A5S - .Steel b. Plastic C. Cut Iron d. Other pipe material ~i> 0 SeamLess 4 0 Butt welded 1 0 Th~opimts~ ~i> 0 Centrifugally Speafy 2 0 Eleceric.ressstance 2 0 Theremrtn~g ` 3 0 welded 5 0 p A.einfurced I oe 2 2 0 Pit cast welded a. 0 Yes ~.D No4. CONSTRUCTION TYPE AT TIME OP LEAR OR PAIUJRE AS DEFINED IN USAS 831.1-1968 CODE 0 A 0. Dc Do5. INmAL its? DATA Was the line strength proof tested it the time of installation? a. 0 Yes b. 0 No c. 0 Not knowti If "Yes,' what war teat medium ti> 0 Air 4 0 Other Specify 3 Date of test 6 Minimum teat 17 Time held at test 8 Estimated test 2 0 Gas pressure pug pressure Hears Prt53UZC at point 3 0 Water . of leak pug `~ 0~-wo0~ C, z6 Minimum test 7 Time held at teat 8 Estimated teatpressure pug pressure Hours I pressure at point of lc~~ pug
~y'''*'r~~ INCIDENT REPORT - GAS TRANSMISSION AND GATHERING SYSTEMS R,searcfl 054 SOecici Programs AinistrOhonPART 1 - GENERAL REPORT INFORMATION1 . a. Operators S digit identification no. `I / ,.b. Name of OperatorNun,oer aild StreetCity, County State ano Z~p Coae?. Location of IncidentS/:t: /.STR C7IoS~4. Reason for Reporting0 FataityU Infury reQuiring inpatient hospitalization~ Property damage loss0 Operator JudgmentNumber _________i personsNumber _________ personsEstimated $ ________________City and CountyState and Zip Code c. Mile Post/Valve StaT _______________________ d. Survey Station No ______________________ e. Class Loc~ton Onshore Oi 02 03 04 Offshore 0 _______ _____________ area DIOLk numbe: _______ or Outer Continental Slicif _________ t. Incident on Federal Land other thai Outer Continental Sneif GYcs ONo Incident Type o LeakI3TICE: Thit reoort is reouireO Oy 49 CFR Part 191 Fajiure To reOort can result in a Civil oerraitv not to exceec SI 000 for each violation Form Ap¯rovec~r each oav tFrat such violation cersists exceot that the maximum ci~iiI Qenalsy shall net exceec S200000 as orovicea in 49 USC 1678 0MB No 2137.O53~Report D0ne _________No. RSPAI o Suppiemeruat Report S. Elapsec time uniil area was made sate hr _________ mn 6 Telephonic Report mo . day 7 a Estimaieo Pressure at Point and Tim5 of Incident0 Rupture 0 OtnerRupture Length !.T~r/ -. - ________ o Maximum a;:os~aoe uDeiar:ng PieSSuie `.5/At'!' `PSIL, _______- c. MAOP established by. Ill Test pressu,e __________________________________ `PS/f_,~ 21 49 CFR ~ 192.619aj~ 08 Time and Date at the Incident ___________ hOur ~, mc L_L_! day ~. yr w><Oz6°-Ow~LJ~Q-z 0 zART 2 - APPARENT CAUSE o Corrosion 0 Damage by Outside Forces 0 Coiistruct:oiiMaterai Defect 0 0t~te~ ~`o,i tutu,' in l'arr 4 , i ,i~ rjnt~,' in J',j it B, ``in rr,iu~- iii P.zrt `,~ART 3-NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING T~NcIDENjt:as'!rdzrioIta/.'etsasiiriiART 4- ORIGIN OF THE INCIDENT Incident Occurred On 3 Materia~ lnvo,ved O Transmission System 0 Gatnening System 0 Stein 0 Orhe Spe ly O Transmission I tie of Disti ibut,on System 4 Part of Syctent Involved is l,ic~en~ Failure Occurred On: a Part o Body ol Pipe 0 Fitting Specify 0 Pipeine 0 Regutato~ `Mete my System O Mechanical JOint 0 Otner, Specify 0 Comoresso Station 0 Othei o Valve 0 Weld Specify !,t:rth, Io~gzrtzd,i,a/, !iIlct~ b. YCam installed~RT 5 - MATERIAL SPECIFICATION . Nominal Pipe Si?e ` it Wall Thickness . , Specification SMYS / / / I I I Seam Type Valve, Type Manufactured by in year L~ ` I /PART 6 - ENVIRONMENTArea of Incident 0 ~ Pavement 0 Ab0v~ Ground 0 Under G:ouiid 0 Undo' W~t~i 0 Other ~~RT 7 - PREPARER_AND AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE `ripe tim pr,nr, P eparer s N~rne and `lie Temepnons N,,impe /~u~:rOr.1ed SOi:atu'e anc Dare Te'epnons n'~rr~~7
~RTA-CORROSION Where did Corrosion occur? 2. Visual Descr~ptiort 3 Cause o Internally 0 Local3ed Pitting 0 Gaivanic 0 General Corrosion o Externally 0 Other _______________________ 0 Other Pipe Coating Informat ion O Bare 0 Coatea Was coirOded part of pipeline considered to be under catnodic oi oteci ioI~ prior to discovering incident? o Yes Year Protection Started i / ONo Additional Information ART B - DAMAGE BY OUTSIDE FORCES Primary Cause of Incident C Damage resulted from action of operator or his agent o Damage resulted from action by outside party/third party o Damage by earth mo'iement o Subsidence o 0 Frost o Other __________________________ Locating information f0i J~nt~ig~ resulting ~rotn a~r:on of ~wtc:de pam rhird parry, a. Did operator get prior notification that eQuipment would be used in the area? Ui __ __ __ CD-I o Yes Date received ! mo / day ` yr ONo . b. Was pipeline location marked either as a result of notifca~ion or by markers already in p/ace? Q O Yes Specify type of rnarkng~ DNo c. Does S:atute or ordinance reQuire the outside party to determine whether underg-ouno ~acilitvies exist~ ~_ Z DYes ONo Additional InformationDART C - CONSTRUCTION OR MATERIAL DEFECT] Cause of Defect 0 Construction . 0 Material `describe in C.4 ht~1os~~?. Description of Componont Otner than Pipe3. Latest Test Data a. Was part which leaked pressure tested before incident occurred? o Yes Date of Test I I I mo I ` day ______.` yr ONo b. Test Medium 0 Water 0 Gas D Other __________ c. Time held at test pressure / / / hr d. Estimated test pressure at point of incident psig4. Additional Information
0 N- 0 z O~ w ci~ o-w sri: ~.1~ _j z 2oa~~ ~~N ZS. ~:~ -~1 * ~.CAVIl OP LWUNKNOWNPKIO~TO 1050`~~OT1150ThRuTNNJ111110 TO ~COllO5l004.;DAMAGISTOUTImS`ciaCONSTS*~CTION DEPICTIMAT50A& PAILU05OTHU- I MATIM ~ N ! ~o~EN *y I NOMWM I ~ ~ 3 ! I SflTIM m. pi~ii~ - ~GATNUING MIlE -- SYSTEM i-o Ovu r Owl ~ Ovu ~ LW THlu r nqu a nisu a1105SYSTEM,IrIriiTW~OH.GATmNGSYSTEM .IEir302~24242r30_GAffiemNeSYSTEM TOTAL,~_______SYSTEMsr343431ir~rTRAIGMIS3ICHGATNUJNO*:~,-PAZ? NPAZ? I~Is~IMSTMLODu*_VIAlSYSTEM ~IAc1.WAM svsi~lION SIllY UMlE 05V'. TEANI05&EPOH GADIO PAZ? J:.:;.~ votu sUti~.......CATN005CASLY ~~J4NeM0NGADI15EOPAZ? KPAZ?L IPEEQUINCYIOP WNPICTIONIWQUSNCY OP SEIIYTYCAIWOSICAILT*,OIILI_STIU~PUQuIlicy opINSPOCTIONLOCATION' SY TYPO~ ~ o - ~C ~ I ~mouuNcyMIOMIT110SOPUACWSVTTSPulls. VIAlLOCKTION1~t~~U 03-~~~50s.~---PIOUSISMUSCPuTIMISM**M- - - - - - - PAITU .NI~ OP KNOWN TE~lIONSTISPu EWE AT IS OP VIII 1CI~EEAl Poe SAM -5-PAZ? NpAI~I OPlMPtOfll~IOP OPSATOSMIMS10P50510*OP1U1010W Oil-.*~op ~,"o~5*15*50w~nl.U 05CAPOOP SAP 51105055Till~. op~OPCCNPOACTOSo. .cu~ siceoeaav wsosioosAGGUGATEVALES OP5*5405 ?0 OPt~OTIl$*=W*.,_.~.0554~0 -. ~ Û d -S Ws~'s ?£ A.uu.,~ C. i.w~y. 3-l.s~% ~. ~ 1- -~p~ ~p 7.~ 0.15 ii~ p.MIMI 140 1111 OP OPOTPIG ~ SIOSSnIM OP Cl?!Ne OWIOM
...,.-~..- ~...-. ..~-. DEPAIT*iRJT OP T*AN$PORTa.flON ANNUAL REPORT FOR CALBIDAR YEAR 19_ GAS TRANSMISSION 6 GATHERING SYSTEMS When data are readily available. such data should be reported. Current year reporting should be actual data. When back data are not obtainable without a major e~ort to reconstruct prior years. estimates may be reported and so noted. A brief explanation of the procedures used i~ deriving estimate, should be attached. Each operator shall submit separate reports for each of his corporate su!'sidiarie, that transports gas. if additions! instruction is needed to complete this form, the operator may telephone the Department of Transportation, Office Of Pipeline Safety. Area Code 202 962-6000. Monday through Friday. 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time. PAl? A-OPERATOR INFORMATION OP OPERATOR ~. NUNUI £ STREET REPORTING OPPICIUS TELCPHONI NUMU* qMel.d A,.c CeO.‚MD COUNTY STATE & ZIP COCE19 YEAR OPt ID 4 OPS USE ONLYITEMUNKNOWNt~o1930~I9a0~1950~1960~1/1/70 TO~ U/a at Pb,~ ~~zn Mil..¯f~ CoM.d Pip.by CaMe.9 Del.DANE-MuasloNGATHER.tftApI$.MISSIONGATHER. INGM,I*. OPCM..d aPip.by~Del.M.I atI...~~aI.di0aSM.TRANS.MISSION.,.:.,.V ~.GATHER ING..... ~TRANS.MISSION.~* ~GATHER. HG~. .... CODY OP PIPE ..` ~ GIRTH WELD . S LONGITUDINAL ~ WELD OTHER WELDS~1 c,t~t p*~~ :~..-..~ ... D~. SCRAPKC Ill?~ TAP COF4NKCSSDI'I~~~RThNG .~ GAS COOLCE OTHER-Ni7-PM-I.~::.::,:~..:~ ~..~1.~...~ . -PM.*~.l~-..,..!~..1:.~.4~~__________ .~i.* .~~ ... . ....~1.: 1...<..., I.,...I .. . . ..~ . ,:.~......,,,-Ii.~...`~.L_.J .~....,C-.., .,,,,,* .--~-.PM~.H -i~1.-.I-~ ~.~`..~....~~__:j.~-1.,. ~....1. -i-__-1~..... .:-~..::~,,:~J.:~.;*.I~-i-~-~~:. CODY OF PIPE GiRTh WELD... LONGITUDINAL ~-HRNC. .,..*.~---HR,---,--_..,~.~--,,,O~ ~ OIlIER WElDS~-1 .---::1 .~-H.-.. . ~NE~-I...~....~Y..,._____e.j C COMPRESSOR:!`..~-......., VMV~ SCRAPER TRAP~K....-~ia..--.~.NE,I..TAP CONNECTIONSPITTING7.-GAS COCUR-OTHER - FtCa ~ ~ tIM e~ said a.otI.d ~5 app.' Cappmsa .nck.d.s fIle eOIli body of II,. old and aeclananansa, OIsWa Pss. .~Pbo~o OOy fy00 ~ ~ - odd anobad s00,1.9 ~` `~00'- Sat a,. not ,slsd ,.ppsaiaty on `I.. OPt aba'.. 0 N. C N- 0 Li. -`-0 XWZ LU <LL 0. z z 4: LU I- 0 LU 0 0Foms DOT F 7100.2-1 1O-7TY/
0 N. 0 N- 0 LL Oi- ~cr9 w 0 w 0 0 CAUSE OP LEAk CORROSIONz DAMAGE IV OUTSIDE POECE CONSTRUCTION DEFECT~~ MATERIAL FAILURE OTNEEUNkNOWNTUtUTHRUTUtUTOTAL..- SYSTEM STEELM.ATEEIAL TRANSMISSION GATHERING - MIlLS SYSTEM 1.' OR ovu r ova 2" OVER 4" LESS 1Mb 2" THRU 4 TUtU 6"PLASTiCOTHER Sp.o&SYSTEMTOTAL.1°~.12IITRANSMISSIONGATHERINGSYSTEM TOTAL SYSTEMNOMINAL16"ir20"22"24"24"28"30TRANSMISSIONGATHERING.SYSTEM TOTAL.SYSTEM323436384042ABOVETRANSMISSIONGATHERINGSYSTEM TOTALPART HPART IPART .1SYSTEMWAN- REN.ACE- SYSTEM MILLS RETIRED DIFRINO Y TRANSMISSION GATHERINGMILLS OFTOTAL SYSTEMCATHODICAILYPROfl~D .TRANSMISSIONGATHERINGPART KPART I. LOCATIONOF FREQUENCY I OF INSPECTION ~! ~ - ~ ~ 5 ~* 2 -FREQUENCYAND METHODOP LEAKSURVEYSDURING YEAR- -LOCATION DFREQUENCY OF SURVFYz~~~2 ° ~9 ~ 0-z~~~0~0COMMERCIALcoMMERCIALINDUSTRIALINDUSTRIALRESIDENTIALERSIDRIETTALRURALRURALPART M TLU4SMISSIONKNOWN SYSTEM LEAKS AT DID OP YEAR SCHEDULED FOR REPAIR GATHERINGPART NNUMIER ccEMPLOYER4SOf OPERATOR*NIM1UNUMIRE OF FIRESNUMBEE Of EXPLOSIONS0*NUMBER OFEMPLOYEESOFCONTRACTORS*,~NUMSER OP INDUCED SECONDARY EXPLOSIONSOR FIRESESTIMATEDAGGREGATEALUR OFPROPERTYDAMAGE TO:CNN-TONSon.us-.ORcANS $115510SIMMO 00SDURING- MI B Of NU E EMPLOYEES*~if5~$ `N-~01011 10AM ON-SiltlIMIT LIDof Ioooflo.,. ,Aocfd b. .. otoo,d o~ffi Op.if0T0~S IMISOMI? if~0Tt10.Cods. I. W.KSy. 2.&.oNv 3.MoothIv 4OcosN~v S.S.'o.oroodslv 6-Mo~dIy 7.Oth~. 0-No OT,DM0T0TI t~ 1150.TITLE OP REPORTING OFFFICIAL SIGNATURE OF REPORTING OFFICIAL
DTIC~. This radon i~ reduired by 49 CFR Part 191. Failure tO reoOrt carl result In a civil ponilty nor to excesd S1,000 for each violation eacn day triat such volition oerssts exceot tt'iit trio maximum civil p.nelt~ shall not exceec $200,000 as crovided in 49 uSC 1678. - ANNUAL REPORT FOR CALENDAR YEAR 19_ INITIAL REPORT 0~nCSCecidlPr0g GAS TRANSMISSION & GATHERING SYSTEMS SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT 0Adn~wrat~. PART A - OPERATOR INFORMATION DOT USE ONLY - I I 1 NAME OF COMPANY OR ESTABLISHMENT 4. OPERATOR'S 5 DIGIT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER WREN gNOWN LL' .` 2. LOCATION OF OFFICE WHERE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE OBTAINED 5. HEADQUARTERS NAME & ADDRESS, iF DIFFERENT Number & Street City & County State & Zip Cuce 3. STATES IN WHICH SYSTEM OPERATESPART B - SYSTEM C~ECCRU'TION Report n~iles or ~ioene ri svs:e,n at era or year1. GENERAL - MILES OF PIPE STEEL CATHODICALLY UNPROTECTED WROUGHT IRON PIPE PLASTIC OTHER UNPRO I cCTE~ BARE COATED BARE 1 COATED -___________________TRANSM~S3ION CNSJ3RE CFFSi-iC:'EGATHERING ONSHORE OFFSHORE J i2. MILES OF PIPE BY NOMINAL SIZE UNKNOWN 4' CR LESS ~ ~.. hg.: ~ ~:: OvER 23'TRANSMiSSION ONSHORE CFFSHORE ,~,, I I ONSHORE CF PS i-iCR ESYETEMTOT,~LS -PART C - TOTAL LEAKS ELC~INATEo;r PAlR2~ DUR;NG YEARPART 0 - TOTAL .`J1.~BER CP1EA~S GN FEL22~AL LAi~D OR 0CC TRAN,~MISSlON ~ATHEArNG I ITEMS ONSHORE OFFSHORE ONSHC~E 1 0FFS~ORE I TRANSMI5SICNCCPRCS!ON ONSHORE3UTS?DE - OFFSHCRE-ORCES CUTER CCNTLNENTAL SHELF~ONST..~MAT.' I 2 CATHE,RING~F~c.ro - ONSHORECTHE~-~ I I OFFSHOREiART - .~lJMBER OF :<NCWN SYSTE1~1 LEAKS Al ENL CF YEAR `CREDULED FOR REPAIR OUTER CONTINENTAL 2HELF PART F - PREPARER AND AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE1. TRANSMISSION2. GATHERNG - / COn an. e- *.~~C't `r"~PrAPPENDIX Bi -11