GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT INTEREST GROUPS INTEREST GROUPS Chapter 9 Chapter 9
Dec 13, 2015
You will be able to …You will be able to …
Describe the role of interest Describe the role of interest groups in influencing public groups in influencing public policypolicy
Compare and Contrast political Compare and Contrast political parties and interest groupsparties and interest groups
Describe the different types of Describe the different types of interest groupsinterest groups
Explain how interest groups workExplain how interest groups work
What is an Interest Group?What is an Interest Group?
A group of individuals with A group of individuals with common interests and seek to common interests and seek to influence the government in influence the government in some way (“Special Interests”)some way (“Special Interests”)
James Madison called them James Madison called them “factions” Did not like them, but “factions” Did not like them, but felt they were inevitable to felt they were inevitable to society.society.
How does an Interest Group begin?How does an Interest Group begin? USUALLY begins as a social USUALLY begins as a social
movementmovement Examples-abolitionists, civil Examples-abolitionists, civil
rights, women’s rights, rights, women’s rights, animal rights, etc.animal rights, etc.
Political Parties –vs- Interest Political Parties –vs- Interest GroupsGroups
||• Nominate Candidates Nominate Candidates • ElectionsElections• Controlling Govt.Controlling Govt.
• Interested in the “who” of Interested in the “who” of govt.govt.
• Accountable to the publicAccountable to the public• Focus on voters and their Focus on voters and their
candidatecandidate
• Influence policies of govt.
• Interested in the ”what” of govt.
• Private Organizations• Focus on issues and
what directly affects the interest of their members
Political Parties Interest Groups
Both are made up of people who unite for some political purpose
Types of Interest GroupsTypes of Interest Groups EconomicEconomic Ideological/Single IssueIdeological/Single Issue Public InterestPublic Interest Foreign PolicyForeign Policy Government ItselfGovernment Itself
Not all interest groups are mutually Not all interest groups are mutually exclusive-some overlap into different exclusive-some overlap into different typestypes
Economic Interest GroupsEconomic Interest Groups
Businesses - large Businesses - large corporations to individual corporations to individual ownersowners
McD’s, Coke, AT&T, Microsoft, McD’s, Coke, AT&T, Microsoft, AmazonAmazon
Trade & Other Associations-Trade & Other Associations-businesses businesses with similar interest with similar interest join together. join together.
Chambers of Commerce Chambers of Commerce
Labor - workers Labor - workers associations or unionsassociations or unions•Represent workers’ Represent workers’ interestsinterests
•Membership is low in the US Membership is low in the US compared to other compared to other industrialized countries industrialized countries
•Examples-- Fraternal Order Examples-- Fraternal Order of Police, International of Police, International Longshore, etc…Longshore, etc…
Professional Associations-Professional Associations-Professionals form of a Professionals form of a union.union.•Can be national or state or Can be national or state or
locallocal•American Bar Association, American Bar Association,
National Education Association, National Education Association, AMAAMA
IDEOLOGICAL/SINGLE ISSUEIDEOLOGICAL/SINGLE ISSUE
IdeologicalIdeological – set pattern of – set pattern of beliefs (conservative, liberal, beliefs (conservative, liberal, libertarian…)libertarian…)
ACLU, Christian Coalition, ACLU, Christian Coalition, Moral MajorityMoral Majority
Single Issue Single Issue (more specific)(more specific) Very adamant about position Very adamant about position
(right or left) and unwilling to (right or left) and unwilling to compromisecompromise
NRA, Pro-Life, Pro-ChoiceNRA, Pro-Life, Pro-Choice
PUBLIC Interest GroupsPUBLIC Interest Groups
““for the public good”for the public good”
Focus on public policies that Focus on public policies that benefit all or most Americansbenefit all or most Americans
FOREIGN POLICY Interest GroupsFOREIGN POLICY Interest Groups
To promote or oppose certain To promote or oppose certain foreign policiesforeign policies
Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, American-Israel Political Action American-Israel Political Action Committee, National Association Committee, National Association of Arab Americansof Arab Americans
GOVERNMENT Interest GroupsGOVERNMENT Interest Groups
Government employees want Government employees want to be organized and heardto be organized and heard
National Governors National Governors Association, National Association, National Education AssociationEducation Association
Interest Groups have three Interest Groups have three goalsgoals
Supply the public with Supply the public with information an organization information an organization thinks the people needthinks the people need
Try to build a positive image Try to build a positive image for a groupfor a group
To promote a particular To promote a particular public policypublic policy
PropagandaPropaganda Is a technique of persuasion Is a technique of persuasion
aimed at influencing aimed at influencing individual or group behaviorindividual or group behavior
Interest Groups use Interest Groups use propaganda to create the propaganda to create the public attitude they wantpublic attitude they want
Mass media encouraged the Mass media encouraged the use of propagandause of propaganda
What do Lobbyists do?What do Lobbyists do?
Helps provide money for Helps provide money for members of Congress for their members of Congress for their next campaignnext campaign
Provide two types of information: Provide two types of information: Political (who supports what) Political (who supports what) and Substantive (impact of and Substantive (impact of proposed legislation)proposed legislation)
What are Lobbyists?What are Lobbyists? Employees of an association that Employees of an association that
try to influence policy decisions try to influence policy decisions and positions in the governmentand positions in the government
RevolvingRevolving DoorDoor-moving from a -moving from a government job to a lobbying job government job to a lobbying job (common-good contacts already (common-good contacts already made)made)
A former gov’t worker cannot A former gov’t worker cannot directly lobby their former directly lobby their former agency or officeagency or office
Revolving Doors produce Revolving Doors produce networks of people involved networks of people involved with certain issues. These with certain issues. These networks are called IRON networks are called IRON TRIANGLES.TRIANGLES.•Mutually supporting Mutually supporting
relationships among interest relationships among interest groups, congressional groups, congressional committees, and gov’t agenciescommittees, and gov’t agencies
What are PACs?What are PACs? Political Action Committee is Political Action Committee is
the political part of an the political part of an interest groupinterest group
Can legally raise money for Can legally raise money for candidates or political parties candidates or political parties from members, stockholders, from members, stockholders, or employees (of interest or employees (of interest group)group)
The Growth of PACsThe Growth of PACs
1970s number of PACs 1970s number of PACs increased increased
About 4,000 todayAbout 4,000 today
PAC LIMITSPAC LIMITS Federal Elections Campaign Act Federal Elections Campaign Act
(1971) limits PACs to $5000 per (1971) limits PACs to $5000 per election or $10,000 per election election or $10,000 per election cycle (primary and general election)cycle (primary and general election)
““Bundling” helps PACs get around Bundling” helps PACs get around the limitsthe limits
SOFT MONEY-PACs have no limits to SOFT MONEY-PACs have no limits to contributions made to a political contributions made to a political party for party-building purposesparty for party-building purposes