CHILDHOOD NUTRITION AND FEEDING
CHILDHOOD NUTRITION
AND FEEDING
Nutrition
Energy
Basal matabolismMaintain basic physiologic activity
Special motility for food digestion peristalsis infant 7%~8% digestion absorption elder children 5%
Nutrition
Physical activity
Growth
Fecal loss
Others Mentality and emotion
Envioronment
Energy
Nutrition
General Energy Needs
Basal metabolism 50%Physical activity 25%Growth 12% Fecal 8%
6~12yrs
Infant 110 kcal/kg
↓every 3 yrs 10kcal/kg
15yrs 60kcal/kg
Nutrition
Essential amino acidNon-essential amino acidRecommend amount
Protein
breast milk 2.0g/kgcow milk 3.5g/kgvegetative protein 4.0g/kg
Nutrition
Saturated fatty acid
Unsaturated fatty
Linoliec acid →
Free fatty acids
Fats
≥1:2
n- 6 Linoliec
n-3 Linolenic
Nutrition
50%~60%Carbohydrate
1yr 12g/kg/d>2yrs 10g/kg/d
Nutrition
Vitamin
VitAVitD
VitEVitK
VitB
VitC
Fat---soluble Water---soluble
Nutrition
Mineral
Macroelements
Trace elements
Ca
PK
Na
Zn
FeCo
Se
Nutrition
Water
Neonatal 80%1 yr 70%… …Adult 55%~60%
Infant 150ml/kgEvery 3 yrs ↓25ml/kg9 yr 75ml/kgAdult 50ml/kg
Nutrition
Food fiber
Physiological function—prevention constipation
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
Albumin 白蛋白 ↑Casein 酪蛋白 ↓Taurine 牛磺酸 ↑Glutamate 谷氨酸 ↑
Advantages
protein 3 : 2
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
Fat Long-chain lipid acid ↑Linoleic acid ↑
Carbohydrate Lactose↑Bacillus bifidus↑
Vitamin A/D/E ↑
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
minerals
Ca:P ( 2 : 1 )--absorption
Fe 50% absorption rate
Zn↑
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
SIgA ↑
Lactoferrin ↑
Lysozyme ↑
Bifidus ↑
Antibody ↑
Immunization
Bacillus
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
Natural foodConvenient feedingRecovering from deliveryBaby-mother attechment
Others
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
Elements of breast milk in different phasecolostrum: protein transitional milk: lipid
mature milk: stable elements
late milk: protein
0~5d
6~10d
11d~9m
>10m
Infant Feeding---Formula Feeding
Formula milk
Fortified nutrientsFe
Zn
VitA
VitB VitC VitD
…
Infant Feeding---Supplementary Food
2w VitD 4-6m Rice powder 7-9m meshed vegetable 、 meet 、 fruit soft noddle biscuit 10-12m soft rice 、 thick porridge 、 fine-cu
t vegetable 、 meat 、 bean products etc. 12-24m piece-cut food 24m- normal
Age food
Feeding priciples
Reasonable food arrangement protein: fat: carbohydrate 1≌ : 1 : 4-5 10% 25-30% 50-60%
Food quality Feeding behavior Feeding environment
Evaluation of nutrition condition
HistoryNutrition study food investigation evaluation physical examination laboratory test
Standard
Underweight
Stunting
Wasting
W≤-2SD
L≤-2SD
W/L≤-2SD
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