Transcript
UNITED NATIONSSubject: PoliticsLecturer: Gary Giss
Group’s members• Đặng Kim Hiếu - 1258020• Trần Quang Khôi - 1258027• Đào Ngọc Lan Đài - 1258007• Nguyễn Trọng Tấn - 1258068• Nguyễn Thị Trà My- 1258034
Outline• Introduction• What they do• UN Failures & Scandals• Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
United Nations Headquarters in New York City
LOGO
Flag
Background and creation of UN• The name "United Nations" coined by United States
President Franklin D. Roosevelt• The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of
Nations (1919 - under the Treaty of Versailles)• The United Nations – 24 October 1945
General Assembly• May resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states or suggestions
to the Security Council (UNSC)• Decides on the admission of new members• Adopts the budget• Elects:
• the non-permanent members of the UNSC• all members of ECOSOC• the UN Secretary General (following his/her proposal by the UNSC)• the 15 judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)
• Each country has one vote.
Security Council• Responsible for the
maintenance of international peace and security
• May adopt compulsory resolutions
• Has 15 members:• 5 permanent members with
veto power• 10 elected members
SecretariatSupports the other UN bodies
administratively
Its chairperson – the UN Secretary General – is elected by the General
Assembly for a five-year mandate and is the UN's foremost representative
Ban Ki-moon
Economic and Social Council• Responsible for co-operation between states as regards economic
and social matters• Coordinates co-operation between the UN's numerous specialized
agencies• Has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly to serve three-
year mandates.
Trusteeship Council• Was originally designed to manage colonial possessions
that were former League of Nations mandates• Has been inactive since 1994, when Palau, the last trust
territory, attained independence
International Court of Justice• Decides disputes between
states that recognize its jurisdiction
• Issues legal opinions• Renders judgement by
relative majority• 15 judges are elected by
the UN General Assembly for nine-year terms
Specialized agencies
WHAT THEY DO
Objectives• Human Rights• Maintain International Peace and Security• Justice and International Law
Human Rights• One of the UN's primary purposes is "promoting and
encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion", and member states pledge to undertake "joint and separate action" to protect these rights.
Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1948
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
1979
the General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Childs
1989 2006
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
2011
first resolution recognizing the Rights of LGBT Peoples
1993
The United Commission on Human Rights was formed
Human Rights
Human Rights
High Commissioner for Human
Rights
Human Rights Council
Human Rights Treaty
Bodies
Special Procedures
UNDG-HRM
Special Adviser on
the Prevention of
Genocide
CEDAW• 19th Amendment which granted women the right to vote • Working conditions and wages were better for women • Women had more job opportunities • Women could be in politics • Birth control • Better lives for women
UNICEF
Child protection and social inclusion
Child survivalEduction
Gender quality
UNICEF
UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING
Process and structure
Formation• Cost:
• In 2004 was $2.8 billion.• In 2006, UN peacekeeping
costs were about 5.03 billion.
• In 2014 was 7.41 billion.
UN Structure
Peacekeeping Participation
Since 1948
Now
Current deployment
Justice and International Law“ Establishing respect for the rule of law is fundamental to achieving a durable peace in the aftermath of conflict, to the effective protection of human rights, and to sustained economic progress and development “
International Criminal Court
UN FAILURES & SCANDALS
FAILURES OF THE UNITED
NATIONS
Rwanda
Rwanda
Rwanda
Darfur
Darfur
Darfur
Darfur
Libya
Libya
Libya
Libya
UN SCANDALS
Veto Power
Five permanent nations
• The five permanent members enjoy the luxury of veto power
• The Council resolution cannot be adopted when a permanent member vetoes a vote.
• On July 19th, 2012, The Security Council attempted to evoke chapter VII sanctions from the United Nations Charter
• But China and Russia vetoed
• 60,000 civilians have been killed • Thousands more displaced.
Child Sex Abuse Scandal
• Many nations plead for support from the United Nations
• The blue helmets of UN peacekeepers represent stability and safety.
• In the 1990s, peacekeeping forces saw a rapid rise in child prostitution.
• Senior officials in the United Nations refused to condemn the peacekeepers
Sri Lanka
• The fighting forced 196,000 people to flee, and trapped over 50,000 civilians.
• the United Nations made no attempts to intervene on behalf of the civilian population
• From January to April of 2009, over 6,500 civilians were killed in this so-called “safe-zone”
Nuclear Proliferation
Terrorism
• These terrorist acts continued throughout the remainder of the twentieth century, with no reaction from the UN
The 9/11 terrorist attacks,
• UN finally took action, outlawing terrorism and punishing those responsible for the attacks.
• But it only applied only to Al Qaeda and the Taliban.
CONCLUSION
Conclusion
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
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