Transcript
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Developed by Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D.Developed by Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D.
Abnormal Psychology Ninth Edition 9/eAbnormal Psychology Ninth Edition 9/e
McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2005. This McGraw-Hill multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission over any network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2005. This McGraw-Hill multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission over any network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
A PowerPoint™ Slide Presentation forA PowerPoint™ Slide Presentation for
Lauren B. Alloy, Ph.D.John H. Riskind, Ph.D.Margaret B. Manos
Lauren B. Alloy, Ph.D.John H. Riskind, Ph.D.Margaret B. Manos
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Chapter 2Chapter 2
Diagnosis and AssessmentDiagnosis and Assessment
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Chapter Main PointsChapter Main Points
Diagnosis and Assessment: The Issues Methods of Assessment Cultural Bias in Assessment
Diagnosis and Assessment: The Issues Methods of Assessment Cultural Bias in Assessment
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Diagnosis and AssessmentDiagnosis and Assessment
Psychological Assessment: The collection, organization, and
interpretation of information about a person and his or her situation
Psychological Assessment: The collection, organization, and
interpretation of information about a person and his or her situation
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Why Assessment?Why Assessment?
Description: The rendering of an accurate portrait of
personality, cognitive functioning, mood, and behavior
Prediction: Predict future behavior based on present
functioning
Description: The rendering of an accurate portrait of
personality, cognitive functioning, mood, and behavior
Prediction: Predict future behavior based on present
functioning
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Diagnosis of Mental DisordersDiagnosis of Mental Disorders
Diagnosis: The person’s problem is classified within one
of a set of recognized categories of abnormal behavior and is labeled accordingly
Diagnosis: The person’s problem is classified within one
of a set of recognized categories of abnormal behavior and is labeled accordingly
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Diagnosis of Mental DisordersDiagnosis of Mental Disorders
The Classification of Abnormal Behavior The Practice of Diagnosis
Prognosis Criticisms of Diagnosis
The Classification of Abnormal Behavior The Practice of Diagnosis
Prognosis Criticisms of Diagnosis
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Diagnosis of Mental DisordersDiagnosis of Mental Disorders
Categorical Classification: Sorting of patients into diagnostic categories
Dimensional Classification: Based on dimensions of pathology
Categorical Classification: Sorting of patients into diagnostic categories
Dimensional Classification: Based on dimensions of pathology
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The DSM-IV SystemThe DSM-IV System
Specific Diagnostic Criteria: Essential features Associated features Diagnostic criteria Differential diagnosis
Specific Diagnostic Criteria: Essential features Associated features Diagnostic criteria Differential diagnosis
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The DSM-IV SystemThe DSM-IV System
DSM Five Axes of Diagnosis Axis I - Clinical syndrome Axis II - Personality disorders Axis III - General medical disorders Axis IV - Psychosocial/environmental problems Axis V - Global assessment of functioning
DSM Five Axes of Diagnosis Axis I - Clinical syndrome Axis II - Personality disorders Axis III - General medical disorders Axis IV - Psychosocial/environmental problems Axis V - Global assessment of functioning
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The DSM-IV SystemThe DSM-IV System
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The DSM-IV SystemThe DSM-IV System
Unspecified Cause: Avoids any suggestion as to the cause of a
disorder unless the cause has been definitely established
Unspecified Cause: Avoids any suggestion as to the cause of a
disorder unless the cause has been definitely established
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ReliabilityReliability
Reliability: The degree to which findings can stand the
test of repeated measurements Criteria for Reliability:
Internal consistency Test-retest reliability Interjudge (interrater) reliability
Reliability: The degree to which findings can stand the
test of repeated measurements Criteria for Reliability:
Internal consistency Test-retest reliability Interjudge (interrater) reliability
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ValidityValidity
Validity: Extent to which a test measures what it is
supposed to measure Descriptive Validity:
Degree to which an assessment device provides significant information about the current behavior of the people being assessed
Validity: Extent to which a test measures what it is
supposed to measure Descriptive Validity:
Degree to which an assessment device provides significant information about the current behavior of the people being assessed
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ValidityValidity
Predictive Validity: Degree to which an assessment answers
questions about cause, prognosis, and treatment
Predictive Validity: Degree to which an assessment answers
questions about cause, prognosis, and treatment
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Problems in AssessmentProblems in Assessment
Problems in Assessment: Manner in which assessor conducts interview Manner in which assessor interprets the
evidence Pragmatic considerations that interfere with
accurate evaluation
Problems in Assessment: Manner in which assessor conducts interview Manner in which assessor interprets the
evidence Pragmatic considerations that interfere with
accurate evaluation
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The InterviewThe Interview
The Interview: A face-to-face conversation between subject
and examiner Mental Status Exam (MSE):
a very broad examination aimed at turning up any sign of disorder
The Interview: A face-to-face conversation between subject
and examiner Mental Status Exam (MSE):
a very broad examination aimed at turning up any sign of disorder
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Psychological TestsPsychological Tests
Psychological Test: A standard procedure in which persons are
presented with a series of stimuli to which they are asked to respond
Psychometric Approach: Psychometrists attempt to locate stable
underlying characteristics, or traits, that presumably exist in differing degrees in everyone
Psychological Test: A standard procedure in which persons are
presented with a series of stimuli to which they are asked to respond
Psychometric Approach: Psychometrists attempt to locate stable
underlying characteristics, or traits, that presumably exist in differing degrees in everyone
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Psychological TestsPsychological Tests
Intelligence Testing: Concept of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) WAIS-R, Stanford-Binet, K-ABC, Other
Projective Personality Testing: Rorschach Psychodiagnostic Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Sentence Completion Test
Intelligence Testing: Concept of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) WAIS-R, Stanford-Binet, K-ABC, Other
Projective Personality Testing: Rorschach Psychodiagnostic Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Sentence Completion Test
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Psychological Tests: IntelligencePsychological Tests: Intelligence
General Information - How many wings does a bird have?
General Comprehension- What is the advantage of keeping money in a bank?
Arithmetic - If an apple costs $0.10, how much should a dozen apples cost?
Similarities - In what ways are a lion and a tiger alike?
Vocabulary - What does ______ mean? (wide range of difficulty)
(questions similar to Wechsler)
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Psychological Tests: ProjectivePsychological Tests: Projective
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Psychological TestsPsychological Tests
Self-report Personality Inventories: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2
(MMPI-2) The L (Lie) Scale The K (Subtle Defensiveness) Scale The F (infrequency) Scale Test Response Sets
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) Millon Personality Scales
Self-report Personality Inventories: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2
(MMPI-2) The L (Lie) Scale The K (Subtle Defensiveness) Scale The F (infrequency) Scale Test Response Sets
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) Millon Personality Scales
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Psychological Tests for OrganicityPsychological Tests for Organicity
The Bender-Gestalt Test for Organic ScreeningThe Bender-Gestalt Test for Organic Screening
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Laboratory Tests Laboratory Tests
Electroencephalogram (EEG) Polygraph Examination Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Electromyogram (EMG) Polysomnography
Electroencephalogram (EEG) Polygraph Examination Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Electromyogram (EMG) Polysomnography
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Observation in Natural SettingsObservation in Natural Settings
Situational Variables: Environmental stimuli that precede and follow
any given action Person Variables:
The person’s stable traits
Situational Variables: Environmental stimuli that precede and follow
any given action Person Variables:
The person’s stable traits
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Recapping the Main PointsRecapping the Main Points
Diagnosis and Assessment: The Issues Methods of Assessment Cultural Bias in Assessment
Diagnosis and Assessment: The Issues Methods of Assessment Cultural Bias in Assessment
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End of Chapter 2End of Chapter 2
Diagnosis and AssessmentDiagnosis and Assessment
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