20th, Sep 2013 FOSS4G 2013 Nottingham
Choe, Byungnam([email protected])
Shin, Sanghee([email protected])
Why Open Source GIS is a Viable Option for the Korean National GIS?
January 2013, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation, Korea, announced a new mid-long term National GIS R&D plan.
US$ 15 million was assigned to ‘Open Source GIS Development’ for next 7 years in total.
It was real shock!!!
Oh My!!!
Because, Korean government really love
Korean own technologies.
GIS
Let’s look back on past Korean government’s investment.
When Korean government started NGIS program in 1995,
they found that very little Korean GIS technologies were available.
So, they applied some strategies to develop geospatial technologies.
GeoSpatial Technology
Development
1. Develop Own Technology
2. Mid Entry Strategy
3. Utilizing Foreign Technology
: Mapping, DBMS, Etc
: Purchasing GOTHIC SW
: ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo..
To promote & foster Korean own technology,
Korean government planned NGIS R&D.
Phase I (1995~2000) - Mapping Technology - DBMS Technology - General GIS SW
Phase II (2001~2005) - 3D GIS - High Resolution Remote Sensing SW
Phase III(2006~2010) - Intelligent Land Information SW - Ubiquitous GIS
Phase I Title Period Institution
in Charge
1. DBMS Independent GIS Basic S/W - GIS API Development - GIS Analysis S/W Development - GIS Operation S/W Development - GIS User Interface Technology Development
1995 ~
1999
Ministry of Science and Technology
2. Mapping Technology Development - Data acquisition and modification S/W development - Data processing and three-dimensional topographic S/W development - Map printing and map design automation S/W development
3. DB Tool - Spatial object management system development - Spatial object storage system development - RDBMS Interface development - OODBMS Interface development
4. GIS System Integration - System integration development - GIS advanced technology monitoring and spread - Public facility management GIS application software development - GIS data editing and integrated management technology development - Internet environment three-dimensional spatial analysis S/W development
Phase II
Title Period Institution in Charg
e
1. Open GIS component technology development 1999~ 2001
Ministry of Information
and Telecommu
nication
2. 3-dimensional GIS S/W technology development 2000~ 2002
3. High-precision satellite image processing technology development 2001~ 2003
4. Spatial information(4S)-connected technology support business 2001~ 2003
5. Multi-sensor spatial image information integration technology development 2004~ 2006
Phase III Title Period Institution
in Charge
1. Spatial information infrastructure innovation
2006 ~
2010
Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affa
irs
2. Real-time territory monitoring
3. Establishment of intelligent urban space information infrastructure
4. Realization of safe and convenient construction space
5. Induction of u-GIS standard and technology
National GIS R&D Investment by NGIS Plan
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
In Million KRW
1st NGIS : 18.5M US$
2nd NGIS : 20.0M US$
3rd NGIS : 144.7M US$
Total 183.2M US$
è Vision : Development of world class geospatial technology and new growth engine
Results?
GeoSpatial Technology
Development
1. Develop Own Technology
2. Mid Entry Strategy
3. Utilizing Foreign Technology
: Little world class products
: Not useful GOTHIC SW
: Proliferation of ESRI..
è Not so satisfactory…
Still around 80% of Korean GIS market is dominated by foreign technologies and little world class Korean products.
What went wrong?
To investigate reasons of poor performance in NGIS R&D,
KRIHS carried out a research.
Possible reason 1 :
Linear R&D process neglecting importance of knowledge flow
Korean government believed investment would yield significant outputs.
R&D Process
Inputs - R&D Funds - Human
Resources
Outputs - Technology - Patents - Publications
è ‘Linear Model of Innovation’ that more focus on Inputs & Outputs.
§ Traditional Approach
What a ideal & impressive NGIS R&D Model!!
Government
Company Research Inst.
University
Research Fund Royalties
Market & Customers
Products & Tech Selling Revenue & Profits
However this R&D model didn’t work as expected.
Government
Research Institute
University Company
X X Lack of flow Lack of flow
Hard to find outcomes of R&D
No update & further development after R&D
GeoSpatial Market – What market should we target?
Short-term based
And, money isn’t everything!!
Real R&D process is not so linear!!
Products R&D Success NGIS R&D
Products R&D Market Success NGIS R&D
R&D R&D
R&D
R&D
Lack of interactions
Source & documents only
Repeated development, test
• Source : Prof. Kwangwoo Nam, 2012
Market
And still much money is needed for commercial success.
• Source : Osawa and Miyazaki, 2006
R&D Valley of Death Sea of Darwin
Interactions among actors involved in R&D are as important as investments itself.
Universities
R&D Institutes Companies
R&D Process
Possible reason 2 :
Closed innovation focusing on IPR(Intellectual Property Rights)
Closed Innovation: We believed we could develop all the things.
Technology Innovation
New Technology
New Product
Revenue & Profit
Increase
Increased R&D
Investment
Inside R&D Ecosystem
• Source : Henry Chesbrough, 2003
Closed Innovation: It looks good.
Closed
Leverage own knowledge
§ Designed and developed by nation inside or firm inside § Leverage inside knowledge, intellectual property, experiences § Idling knowledge, limitations of leveraging outside knowledge
In-House Development
è What if outcomes of long R&D could not meet fast changing market needs?
Current Market Situations
Technology Oversupply
Market Uncertainty
Global Competition
Everybody Innovates
Technology Paradox
Doing More with Less
Economic Recession
Decreasing R&D Success Rate
Total R&D Investment 100%
Failed R&D 60% Commercialized R&D 40%
Profitable 60%
Non-Profitable 40%
§ Only 40% of R&D Projects is commercialized in spite of high R&D investment
§ In total only 24% of R&D Projects make a penny § R&D success rate has continuously been lowered down due to
shortened life cycle of products & technology
So, we saw the appearance of Open Innovation
Our current market
Our new market
Other firm´s market
External technology insourcing
Internal technology base
External technology base Henry Chesbrough, 2004
Internal/external venture handling
License, spin out, divest
Open Innovation: Let’s connect together!!
Internal Resources
External Resources
Quick & Efficient
Development
è Leverage smart people inside & outside of the nation!
Open Innovation
Open
Leverage others knowledge too
§ Designed and developed with other outside partners § Inside knowledge + outside knowledge § Cost reduction, increase innovation capabilities, shortened response time to market change
Collaborative Development
è So, how to apply open innovation to National R&D while keeping a National interest?
Open Innovation changes R&D Process
Research Development
Research
Development Business
From traditional R&D model
To D&B Model
Connect
Business
Also we raised some fundamental questions to ourselves.
Questions 1: Q01 Haven’t we tried to develop all the technologies
by ourselves so far?
è What if we applied Google’s Android model to NGIS R&D?
Questions 2:
Q02 How to rejuvenate the stopped development for the people in need?
è Let’s pull out the source codes from the shelf!!
Questions 3:
è Need to consider ‘Select & Focus’ strategy.
Q03 Can we hit multiple targets at the same time?
Implications from KRIHS research
Closed R&D System - Try to develop almost all the technologies by itself.
1
University & Research Inst. Centric - Heavily rely on traditional linear downstream R&D model.
Ambiguous R&D Goal - Not clear whether it is R&D or D&B. Need to set clear goal.
2
3
Need to leverage outside technology and resources to respond to fast changing market situations.
Need to engage more enterprises’ request and enterprise itself in development system.
Need to address R&D and D&B separately. R&D for basic research and D&B for commercialization.
Implications
Need to set up platform to increase the flow of knowledge and dissemination of technology during & after R&D.
Hard to Reuse R&D Outcomes - After R&D project period, finding & reusing R&D outcomes is difficult.
4
As a result of KRIHS’s research, KRIHS proposed several strategies
to Korean government.
Suggested Strategies
Inside-Out Strategy
Outside-In Strategy
Select & Focus Strategy
Inside-Out Strategy
Inside-Out Strategy
Change previous R&D outcomes to open source
Need to Start Open Source Based R&D
1
2
§ Encourage to change previous R&D outcomes to ‘Dual License’ based open source § Let the technology flow to the people in need § ‘Technology in the Shelf’ doesn’t create any value
§ Approach open source as a disruptive innovation § Participate in international open source GIS activities and lead the communities § This will increase the quality and interactions among actors!
Outside-In Strategy
Korean Situations • Limited human resources
• Limited R&D funds
• Small & medium size GIS companies
• Unable to target all the fields
• High dependency on proprietary GIS
Open Source GIS Strategies • Internalize the outside resources
• Active adoption of Open Source GIS
• Reduce GIS SW cost using Open Source GIS
• Targeting professional fields
• Reduce the dependency on proprietary GIS
Outside-In Strategy
Select & Focus Strategy
Targeting Cutting-Edge Technology - From Catch-up to Leap-frogging
1
Select & Focus Strategy
Niche Market Strategy - Not only technology create values
2
Clear Discrimination between R&D, D&B - Need to increase the commercialization capabilities
3
More Business Centric Policy Needed - Growth of business will create the virtuous circle of NGIS R&D
4
Consider not only R&D itself but D&B as well!!
Proposed NGIS R&D System
World
R&D Inst.
Firms
NGIS R&D Infrastructure
Open Source Thinking(Open/Share/Participation)
Select & Focus Govnt
Outside-In Inside-Out
NGIS R&D Activities
Wrapping-up
• Need to consider fast changing market & customers needs
• Not future prediction, but increasing adaptabilities
Open Innovation Strategy
• Rejuvenate sleeping technology by changing it to open source
• Let the technology flow to the people in need Inside-Out Strategy
• Need to actively embrace the open source GIS technology
• Internalize the outside high-performance resources Outside-In Strategy
• Changing strategy from catch-up to leap-frogging
• Need to target cutting-edge technology that could leverage hidden assets
• Need to discriminate R&D and D&B
• Every country has its own unique invisible assets
Select & Focus Strategy
Current Status
• Feasibility study is underway for budget approving.
• Around US$ 500,000 was approved for next year’s seed money.
• Still Korean government’s top priority is promoting Korean local technology.
• However open source GIS is regarded as one of viable options.
Thank you!!
