Tree diversityday2012-tata.pptx

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Tree based local livelihood for low C-emission development in peatlands

in Indonesia

Hes$ L. Tata1,2 and Meine van Noordwijk2

1 Forest Research & Development Agency, the Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia 2 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)



Sumatra : 7.2 ha Kalimantan:

5.8 million ha

Papua : 8 million ha

•  Peat is 10% of Indonesia’s land area, but >50% of C emissions, •  Peatland C stocks per unit land are 10 $mes those of best forest on mineral soil



Peatland is organic matter accumulated over thousands of years

President decree No 32/1990; Act of Na$ oanl Spa$alNo 21/1992: Peatlands > 3 meter depth is protected. Ministry of Agriculture (no.14/2009):

Shallow Peat (0.5-‐1m) Medium (1-‐2 m), can be used for agriculture

Thickness

Mineral Soil

Organic matter River River

< 1m < 1m > 3m

Below/Above Carbon raHo = 50 -‐ 88 (Average). In Mentangai, Central Kalimantan > 1200 x

Peatland area in Indonesia = 21 millions ha (1,600 ton C/ha) or totally 33.7 Gt C

peatland

BIODIVERSITY LANDSCAPE UNIQUENESS

mineral forest mangrove

Peat domes need holis$c management; drainage at

the edges disturbes the core



~200 t C/ha

Processes entailed in (peat) land use change

60 cm

(3) Peat decomposi$on Due to drainage &

fer$liza$on

~40 t C/ha

(1) Plant biomass burning (2) Peat burning

(4) C Sequestra$on

Peat subsidance



Threats from planta$ons with exo$c tree species

1.  Acacia mangium Planta$on N2-‐fixa$on increases peat

decomposi$on 2. Oil palm planta$on and smallholder

• Drainage water à emission & subsidence increase

• Reduce biodiversity • Need more resources • Tend to be invasive



Emissions increase rapidly with depth of drainage, but a few years acer ‘disturbance’ a few decimeters of groundwater depth is possible without high emissions

Smallholder agroforestry

operates in this low-‐emission space

Maswar PhD-‐

thesis

Oil palm planta$ons

Smallholder agroforestry



Tree-‐based agroforestry op$ons

But can farmers make a living with such systems?



Na$ve species of peatland Species (Local Name) Uses

Shorea uliginosa (meran$ batu) $mber Shorea balangiran (balangiran) $mber

Dyera polyphylla (jelutong) Latex (isolator, bubble gum, handicrac) and wood (for pencil slate

Gonystylus spp. (ramin) $mber, alloewood San9ria laevigata (sundi) Latex (isolator, medical

tools)

Garcinia parvifolia (asam kandis) spice

Aquilaria spp. (gaharu) alloewood

Combretocarpus sp. (bintangur) Light $mber, dye



Jelutong: Tree of the Past

Source: Indonesia Forestry Magazine (2008)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2003 2004 2005 2006

Latex Prod

ucHo

n (ton

)

Pangkalan Bun Palangka Raya Sampit



Jelutong: Tree of the Past

Year Export Volume (ton)

Average Value (USD/ton)

2000 96 4,967 2001 128 4,593 2002 176 4,500 2003 192 4,700 2004 192 4,700 2005 176 4,700 2006 176 4,700

Source: Indonesia Forestry magazine (2008)

Export volume and export value of jelutong latex of Central Kalimantan

Handicrac of Dayaknese

Latex



Jelutong: Tree of the Future •  Propaga$on of jelutong is well known •  Cer$fied mother trees as seeds and seedlings resources.

•  Farmer in$a$ve on-‐farm system, supported by local government in order to rehabilitate degraded peatland(case in Jambi and Central Kalimantan)

•  It has been promoted as priority species of non-‐$mber forest products of East Tanjung Jabung district (by a decree of Head of District).



Tree-‐based Agroforestry op$ons

Jelutong & Rambutan

Jelutong + Beklenut + Coconut

Jelutong + Oil Palm



Prospects: •  Growth of on-‐farm jelutong (6yr acer plan$ng): diameter= 9.3 ± 3cm; C stock of tree= 2.7 t/ha

•  Latex can be tapped at d=25 cm or at the age: 12-‐16.5 yr acer plan$ng (DGR:1,6-‐2 cm/yr).

•  Other benefits: seeds, seedlings, and from other products of mixed-‐trees.

Jelutong seeds



Challenges: •  Technical problems on cul$va$on: pest & disease, fire,

capital •  Market opportuni$es •  Gene$c diversity of jelutong from wild vs on-‐farm need to

be explored à on-‐going study •  Policy /regula$on support: latex and wood from farm

produc$on •  Does it meet Aichi target of CBD? Ø Target 4 (use of natural resources)? Ø Target 7(area of forest under sustainable management)? Ø Target 13 (agricultural biodiversity)?



Thank you



Biodiversity of Peatlands

Tree diversityday2012-tata.pptx

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Tree diversityday2012-tata.pptx