Tree diversityday2012-tata.pptx

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Tree based local livelihood for low C-emission development in peatlands

in Indonesia

Hes$  L.  Tata1,2  and    Meine  van  Noordwijk2    

1 Forest Research & Development Agency, the Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia 2 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Sumatra  :  7.2  ha   Kalimantan:    

5.8  million  ha  

Papua  :  8  million  ha  

•  Peat  is  10%  of  Indonesia’s  land  area,  but  >50%  of  C  emissions,    •  Peatland  C  stocks  per  unit  land  are  10  $mes  those  of  best  forest  on  mineral  soil    

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Peatland is organic matter accumulated over thousands of years

President  decree  No  32/1990;  Act  of  Na$  oanl  Spa$alNo  21/1992:  Peatlands  >  3  meter    depth  is  protected.  Ministry  of  Agriculture    (no.14/2009):  

Shallow  Peat  (0.5-­‐1m)  Medium  (1-­‐2  m),  can  be  used  for  agriculture  

Thickness

Mineral Soil

Organic matter River River

< 1m < 1m > 3m

Below/Above  Carbon  raHo  =  50  -­‐  88  (Average).    In  Mentangai,  Central  Kalimantan  >  1200  x      

Peatland  area  in  Indonesia  =  21  millions  ha  (1,600  ton  C/ha)  or  totally  33.7  Gt  C  

peatland  

BIODIVERSITY  LANDSCAPE  UNIQUENESS  

mineral  forest   mangrove  

Peat  domes  need  holis$c  management;  drainage  at  

the  edges  disturbes  the  core  

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

~200  t  C/ha  

Processes  entailed  in  (peat)  land  use  change  

60  cm  

(3)  Peat  decomposi$on  Due  to  drainage  &  

fer$liza$on    

~40  t  C/ha  

(1)  Plant  biomass  burning  (2)  Peat  burning  

(4)  C  Sequestra$on  

Peat  subsidance  

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Threats  from  planta$ons  with  exo$c  tree  species  

1.  Acacia  mangium  Planta$on              N2-­‐fixa$on  increases  peat  

decomposi$on  2.  Oil  palm  planta$on  and  smallholder  

• Drainage  water  à  emission  &  subsidence  increase  

• Reduce  biodiversity  • Need  more  resources  • Tend  to  be  invasive  

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Emissions  increase  rapidly  with  depth  of  drainage,  but  a  few  years  acer  ‘disturbance’  a  few  decimeters  of  groundwater  depth  is  possible  without  high  emissions    

Smallholder  agroforestry  

operates  in  this  low-­‐emission  space  

 Maswar  PhD-­‐

thesis  

Oil  palm  planta$ons  

Smallholder  agroforestry  

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Tree-­‐based  agroforestry  op$ons  

But  can  farmers  make  a  living  with  such  systems?  

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Na$ve  species  of  peatland  Species  (Local  Name)   Uses  

Shorea  uliginosa  (meran$  batu)   $mber  Shorea  balangiran  (balangiran)   $mber  

Dyera  polyphylla  (jelutong)   Latex  (isolator,  bubble  gum,  handicrac)  and  wood  (for  pencil  slate  

Gonystylus  spp.  (ramin)   $mber,    alloewood  San9ria  laevigata  (sundi)   Latex  (isolator,  medical  

tools)  

Garcinia  parvifolia  (asam  kandis)   spice  

Aquilaria  spp.  (gaharu)   alloewood  

Combretocarpus  sp.  (bintangur)   Light  $mber,  dye  

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Jelutong:  Tree  of  the  Past    

Source:  Indonesia  Forestry  Magazine  (2008)  

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2003 2004 2005 2006

Latex  Prod

ucHo

n  (ton

)  

Pangkalan  Bun  Palangka  Raya  Sampit  

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Jelutong:  Tree  of  the  Past    

Year   Export  Volume  (ton)  

Average  Value  (USD/ton)  

2000   96   4,967  2001   128   4,593  2002   176   4,500  2003   192   4,700  2004   192   4,700  2005   176   4,700  2006   176   4,700  

Source:  Indonesia  Forestry  magazine  (2008)  

Export  volume  and  export  value  of  jelutong  latex  of  Central  Kalimantan  

Handicrac  of  Dayaknese  

Latex  

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Jelutong:  Tree  of  the  Future  •  Propaga$on  of  jelutong  is  well  known  •  Cer$fied  mother  trees  as  seeds  and  seedlings  resources.  

•  Farmer  in$a$ve  on-­‐farm  system,  supported  by  local  government  in  order  to  rehabilitate  degraded  peatland(case  in  Jambi  and  Central  Kalimantan)  

•  It  has  been  promoted  as  priority  species  of  non-­‐$mber  forest  products  of    East  Tanjung  Jabung  district  (by  a  decree  of  Head  of  District).    

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Tree-­‐based  Agroforestry  op$ons  

Jelutong  &  Rambutan  

Jelutong  +  Beklenut  +  Coconut  

Jelutong  +  Oil  Palm  

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Prospects:    •  Growth  of  on-­‐farm    jelutong    (6yr  acer  plan$ng):  diameter=  9.3  ±  3cm;  C  stock  of  tree=  2.7  t/ha  

•  Latex  can  be  tapped  at  d=25  cm  or  at  the  age:  12-­‐16.5  yr  acer  plan$ng  (DGR:1,6-­‐2  cm/yr).  

•  Other  benefits:  seeds,  seedlings,  and  from  other  products  of  mixed-­‐trees.  

Jelutong  seeds  

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Challenges:  •  Technical  problems  on  cul$va$on:  pest  &  disease,  fire,  

capital  •  Market  opportuni$es  •  Gene$c  diversity  of  jelutong  from  wild  vs  on-­‐farm  need  to  

be  explored  à  on-­‐going  study  •  Policy  /regula$on  support:  latex  and  wood  from  farm  

produc$on  •  Does  it  meet  Aichi  target  of  CBD?  Ø Target  4  (use  of  natural  resources)?  Ø Target  7(area  of  forest    under  sustainable  management)?  Ø Target  13  (agricultural  biodiversity)?  

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Thank  you  

TREE DIVERSITY SIDE EVENT

Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

Biodiversity  of  Peatlands