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Research Report Writing(The format of UTM thesis/project reports)
http://www.sps.utm.my/
Dr. Hishamuddin JamaluddinProfessor
Email: [email protected]
Webpage: http://www.fkm.utm.my/~hishamj
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1. Introductiona) Background of the research
b) Review of related literaturec) Statement of hypothesis or research question
d) Limitations
e) Definition of terms
2. Methodologya) Procedures for collection and treatment of data
3. Presentation and Analysis of Dataa) Presentation of data
b) Analysis of data
4. Conclusions and Recommendationsa) Summary
b) Conclusions
c) Recommendations
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THE BODY OF A RESEARCH REPORT
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1. Undergraduate : Final Year Project Report
2. Masters Degreea) Taught Course : Masters Project Report
b) Taught Course & Research : Masters Dissertation
c) Research : Masters Thesis
3. Engineering Doctorate (Eng.D)4. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
a) Taught Course & Research : Ph.D. Dissertation
b) Research : Ph.D. Thesis
Types (Definition) of Thesis
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I) General Guidelines
II) Preparation and Binding of a Thesis
III) Writing References
IV) Writing Note or Footnote
V) Electronic Thesis and Dissertation
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GUIDELINES ON THE
WRITING OF A THESIS/RESEARCH REPORT
(The format of thesis or project reports)
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SECTION I:
GENERAL GUIDELINES
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ARRANGEMENT ORDER OF A
THESIS
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1.3 The status of thesis (FORM: PSZ19:16(Pind.1/97)) Lamp. A> If the status is restricted or confidential, a letter of request is
needed Lamp. B
- reasons for the request status
- duration of the status requested (3 - 5 yrs)
Restricted = can not be photocopied or taken away from the library
Confidential = can not be disclosed to the public
(normally for security reasons)
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1.4 Declaration> Supervisors Declaration - Lamp. C1
> Declaration on Cooperation with Outside Agencies and Certification of
Examination Lamp. C2
1.5 Tittle Page Lamp.D- TITTLE OF THE THESIS
- NAME OF THE AUTHOR
- Statement of Award for the Thesis Lamp.E
- Name of the Faculty/School
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia- MONTH year (Final submission of the bound thesis)
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1.7 Declaration Lamp. F
1.8 Dedication - Lamp. G
1.9 Acknowledgements - Lamp. H
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1.10 Abstract Lamp. I & Lampiran J- Abstract (English) and Abstrak (in Malay)
- One paragraph, one page (about 300 words)
- May be single or 1.5 spacing
- Content:# General introduction/background: area of research
# Problem statement
# Methodology
# Finding/Conclusion
What is the difference ? Abstract
Synopsis
Summary
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1.11 Table of Contents Lamp. K
1.12 List of Tables Lamp.L
1.13 List of Figures Lamp. M
1.14 List of Symbols and Abbreviation
Lamp. N
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1.15 List of Appendices Lamp O
> A thesis may not have an appendix
> Materials that are not directly discussed or referred to
should be placed in the appendix
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1.16 Text
> Text in a thesis contains chapters and each chapter is given atittle
> Begin each chapter with a new page
> Chapter may be divided into small tittle and sub-tittle
(each must be numbered)
> Text is written in paragraphs:
each paragraph describes one issue/subject
> Maintain continuity between subsequent paragraphs
> Text :
- Introduction to the research- Literature review
- Methodology of the research
- Results (data analysis) and discussion
- Conclusions and recommendations
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1.16.1 Reference in the TextAn information, idea or quote taken from any source
must be referred to and indicate the reference in the
text.
Referencing System:
i) Author and Year (Harvard) System
ii) Number System
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1.16.2 Quotation in the Text Lamp. P> Quotation in the text must be written in a separate paragraph
> Quotation in a different language should be written in italic
1.16.3 Table in the Text Lamp. Q
> Each table must be numbered in Arabic (1, 2 .)
> Caption (Tittle) of the table is placed above the table
> Tables are placed immediately after they are mentioned for thefirst time in the text
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1.16.4 Figures in the Text Lamp. R> Illustrative materials, such as maps, charts, drawings, graphs,
diagrams and photographs are classified as Figures
> Each Figure must be numbered in Arabic (1, 2 .)
> Caption (Tittle) of the Figure is placed below the Figure
> Figures are placed immediately after they are mentioned for the
first time in the text
> Other illustrative materials (e.g. diskette or slides) are kept in a
special pocket at the back of the thesis
APPLICATION FOR PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE
AIR PHOTO/MAPS OF MALAYSIA (Lamp. S)
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1.18 Appendix> Appendix is not part of the Text
It is an additional material which is not directly
referred to and discussed in the Text
> It is placed outside the Text (at the back of the
thesis) to ensure smooth reading of the thesis
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SECTION II:
GUIDELINES ON THE PREPARATIONAND BINDING OF THESIS
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2.1 Paper and Size
> Simile 80 gm high quality paper
> Size A4 (210 mm x 297 mm)
2.2 Margins
For all pages:
> 4 cm on the left
> 2.5 cm on the right
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2.3 Numbering the Page
> top-right of the page
- 1.25 cm from the top margin- last digit 2.5 cm from the right margin
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2.3 Numbering the Page
> Numbering Procedure:- Preliminary section of the thesis is numbered in small Roman (i, ii,
etc.)- The first page of the thesis is the Tittle Page (numbered as i) but
not written
- Text is numbered in Arabic (1, 2, etc.)
- The first page of the text is numbered as 1 but not written
- Number for the first page of each chapter is not written- The page separating each section of the thesis is not numbered (not
counted in the paging of the text)
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2.4 Numbering the Chapters and Sub-Tittles in
the Chapters
> Chapter number: CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2, etc.
> Numbering the sub-tittle (Arabic):
e.g.: 2.1 Level two (sub-tittle)
2.1.1 Level-three (sub-sub-tittle)2.1.1.1 Level-four (sub-sub-sub-tittle)
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2.5 Typing Lamp T> Use computer, normal lettering (no fancy font)
> Font size: 0.2 cm for CAPITAL LETTERS
0.15 cm for small letters
e.g.: Microsoft Words 6.0:New Times Roman: font 12 or bigger.
> Use 1.5 spacing
> Type on one side of the paper
> Typing Tittle of the Chapters:
CAPITAL LETTERS at the middle of the paper between the
left and right margins
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2.6 Distance and Format Lamp. U
i) Distance from the top margin to the chapter number is 2.5 cm
ii) Distance from the chapter tittle to the chapter number is 4 lines and
distance from the chapter tittle to the first line of the text is 4 lines
iii) Distance from a sub-tittle and the last line of the previous
paragraph is 4 lines
iv) Distance between a sub-tittle to its first line of the text is 2 lines
v) Distance between two paragraphs is 2 lines
vi) Begin the sub-tittle and its numbering from the left
vii) Indent first line of the paragraph: 1.27 cm (0.5 in) from the left margin
viii) Avoid widow and orphan situation
ix) Distance between the last line and the Table or Figure is 2 lines
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2.9 Maximum LimitsMaximum pages for the main text:
# Undergraduate Reports 100 pages
# Masters Project Report/Dissertation/Thesis 250 pages
# Ph.D. Thesis/Dissertation 350 pages
These limits include all figures, tables and
appendices
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TEXT CAN BE JUSTIFIED
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2.10 Binding> Spiral (temporary) binding for examination purposes
a) Colour and Lettering of Thesis Cover
> After examination: permanent binding with buckram
cover
> Cover lettering: golden, size 18 points (Microsoft Word 6.0)
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2.10 Binding
Thesis cover colour (Code):i) Ph.D. Thesis Maroon (567)
ii) Masters Thesis Brown (537)
iii) Undergraduate Final Year Project:
a) Fac. Built Environment Purple (551)
b) Fac. Civil Eng. Green (557)c) Fac. Geoinfo. Sci. & Eng. Light Blue (548)
d) Fac. Electrical Eng. Yellow (520)
e) Fac. Chemical & Natural Res. Eng. Black (585)
f) Fac. Mech. Eng. Red (530)
g) Fac. Education Sky Blue (562)
h) Fac. Manag. & Human Res. Dev. New Blue (550)
i) Fac. Science Light Green (531)
j) Fac. Comp. Sci. & Info. System Red (532)
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2.10 Binding (contd)b) Front Cover - Lamp. V
# IN CAPITAL LETTERS:
TITTLE OF THE THESIS
NAME OF THE AUTHOR
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
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2.10 Binding (contd)
c) Back Bone Lamp. W
NAME OF THE AUTHOR
NAME OF THE DEGREE (Short-Malay)
Year
UTMMUST BE WRITTEN IN BAHASA MALAYSIA
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Section IIIGuidelines on the Writing of References
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3.1 References Formati) Author and year (Harvard) System
ii) Number System
3.2 Author and Year (Harvard) System
3.2.1 Writing Reference in the Text
Use surname of the author:
a) According to Paredis (1993) most of the various fields such as
economic and engineering are categorised as constraints
optimization problems.
b) Therefore, research in the pursuit of solving problems related
to constraints optimisation is now becoming more popular
(Paredis, 1993)
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3.2.1 Writing Reference in the Text (contd)
c) Maintenance of scheduling has long been studied, an example
of which is given in Kralj and Petrovic (1995)
d) Safaai et al. (1997) used this approach to solve the
organisations staff scheduling requirements
e) ILOG Solver by Puget and Albert (1994a) is an example of
software using constraints programming language
f) The use of an object in the artificial intelligent softwaredevelopment is very common (Puget and Albert, 1994b)
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3.2.2 List of References According to the Author
and Year (Harvard) System Lamp. X
> Sort into alphabetical order
> Use chronological order for the same author(s)
> Use extra notation (a, b, c, ) for the same author(s) and year
3.2.3 Name of the author(s)
Surname followed by initials:
Magee R.J. (for Robert John Magee )
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3.2.4 The Content and Format of a List
of References
(i) Book
Author (Year). Title. Edition (if not the first). Placed published:Publisher.
Example:
Theusen, G. J. and Fabrycky, W. J. (1984). EngineeringEconomy. 6th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
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(ii) Article in a book
Author of the article (Year). Title of the article. In: Author of
the book. Title of the book. Place published: Publisher. page.
Example:
Hussein,S.B., Jamaluddin,H., Mailah,M. and Zalzala,A.M.S.
(2000). An Evolutionary Neural Network Controller for
Intelligent Active Force Control. In: Parmee, I.C. ed.Evolutionary Design and Manufacturing. London: Springer-
Verlag. 351 362.
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(iii) Journal articles
Author (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal. Volume
(Number): page.
Example:
Billings. S. A. (1980). Identification of Nonlinear Systems: A
survey. Proc. IEE, Part D. 127(6): 272-284.
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(iv) Conference articles
Author (Year). Title of the article.Name of the conference.
Date of the conference. Place published: Publisher, page.
Example:
Sheta, A. F. and De Jong, K.(1996). Parameter Estimation of
Nonlinear Systems in Noisy Environments Using Genetic
Algorithms. Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE InternationalSymposium on Intelligent Control. September 15-18. Dearborn,
Michigan: IEEE, 360-365.
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(v) Thesis
Author (Year). Title of the thesis. Institution: Thesis award.
Example:Adnan bin Hassan (2002). On-line Recognition of Developing
Control Chart Patterns. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: Ph.D.
Thesis.
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3.2.5 Types of Reference Materials
i) Book
ii) Article in bookiii) Article in journal
iv) Thesis
v) Legal
vi) Standards
vii) Paten
viii) Business catalogue
ix) Measured and technical drawing
x) Unpublished materials
xi) Personal communicationxii) Web site ?
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3.3 Number System
3.3.1 Writing References in the Text
Every reference is numbered in Arabic:
If the name of the author is mentioned in the text, put
the reference number in bracket ( ) or [ ] or
superscript immediately and close to the name or at
the end of the sentence.
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3.3 Number System
3.3.1 Writing References in the Text
Every reference is numbered in Arabic:
According to Paredis (1) most of the scheduling problems such as in the areas
of economic and engineering are categorised as constraints optimisation.
According to Paredis most of the scheduling problems such as in the areas of
economic and engineering are categorised as constraints optimisation [1].
According to Paredis1 most of the scheduling problems such as in the areas of
economic and engineering are categorised as constraints optimisation.
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3.3.2 Guidelines on the Writing of List of
References According to the Number System
Sort the list of references according to the order in which
they are written first time in the text
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3.4 References From Internet
> In principle, internet is used as a tool to search
for a reference. Therefore, the original reference
must be quoted instead.
> Web site as a reference material is questionable
due to its impermanence ?
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S h l f G d S di
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Section IV
Guidelines on Writing Note and Footnote
S h l f G d t St di
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4.1 General Guidelines
Note : additional information
footnote, final note etc. is not allowed in a thesis of Science
and Engineering
A limited use of note and footnote is allowed in a thesis of
humanity and social studies. It is used to clarify or to give an
extra information about an item written in the text of the
relevant page.
Footnote is numbered in Arabic and follow an order 1, 2, 3.
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4.2 Writing a Footnote
Name of the author is written in full
Pause notation ( , ) or bracket ( ) is used to separate
the name of the author, the tittle and the publisher
Font size is 2 points smaller than the text font size
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4.2 Writing a Footnote:
10 Name of the author, Tittle of the article. publication information, year, page
Example:
10 Mary Duncan Carter, Wallace John Bonk, and Rose Mary Magrill, Building
Library Collection. Fourth edition (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1974), pg
61 - 66.
Writing a List of Reference:
Name of the author (year). Tittle of the Article. publication information. page
number.
Example:
Carter M.D., Bonk, W.J. and Magrill, R.M. (1974). Building Library
Collection. 4th Edition. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press. Pg 61 - 66.
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Section V
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation
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DefinitionElectronic Theses and Dissertations or ETD is a document
whichrecords results of research or scholarship of a graduate
student. This document is prepared in a form that is accessible
globally through the Internet. ETD is the same as original
paper document which has been approved by a panel ofexaminers and the Senate.
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Contents of ETD
An ETD consisted of two (2) files, namely pre-access file and
full text file.
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Pre-access File
Pre-access file is a file that contains information about the
author, the panel of examiners and a brief contents of thethesis. By reading this file, a reader will be able to assess the
relevance of the document to the readers research interest.
If a reader wishes to access the whole thesis, the reader
should contact the librarian for the full text file
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Contents of pre-access file
ALL preliminary pages and the first ten pages ofChapter 1
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Full Text File
all contents of the thesis that has been approved by theSenate.
includes all preliminary pages, main contents of the
thesis and all appendices
Writing style as the original bind hardcopy
All these pages are saved into one (1) file.
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Preparation Guideline
i. The electronic version must be the same as the final
bound thesis as approved by the Senate;
ii. Convert the thesis into PDF format. Use the latest
version of Adobe Acrobat PDFMaker. Do not set
Document Security.
iii. All pages which contain signatures of student and
supervisor must be scanned.
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iv. If the status of a thesis is CONFIDENTIAL or
RESTRICTRED, electronic version is still required but
must be properly indicated in the Thesis Status Declaration
form.
v. v. Two files must be generated. The first file is for the
purpose of pre-access that will be make accessible to public.
The second file contains the whole thesis which has beenapproved. The files are named as follows:
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vi. If the status of a thesis is CONFIDENTIAL or
RESTRICTED, the pre-access file will contain only
information that can be distributed. A full text file is still
required but it is only for archive.
vii. ETD must be submitted using high quality CD. Proper
conversion according to this guideline must be verifiedby the student and witnessed by the supervisor before
submitted to SPS.
viii. Two (2) CDs with three (3) copies of bind thesis mustbe submitted to SPS together with ETD verification
form. Example of ETD verification form is shown in
Appendix Z.
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FILE NAMING
Code description
= students first name
is the students matrix card number
is the university where the thesis was submitted
D UTM, L other than UTM is the year approved
is the thesis status
SU confidential, TH limited, TT unlimited
is the file typeP pre-access file
T full texts file
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Example:Wan Ahmad Nazri bin Wan Abdullah, a masters student at FKM,
UTM. His matrix card number is mm100123. The thesis is declared
restricted. His thesis was approved in the year 2002.
Therefore:
= wanahmadnazri
= mm100123
= d
= 02
= th
The files are named as follows:wanahmadnazrimm100123d02thp.pdf (pre-access file)
wanahmadnazrimm100123d02tht.pdf (full texts file)
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