September 4/5th 2012No warm ups this week- I only see you 2 days! September 4/6: 2-4-6September 5/7: 1-3-5
Today you will get you tests back…55-61 A49-54 B43-48 C37-42 D36 and lower FIf you have a 54 or under…you may turn in test
corrections by Thursday/Friday
Goals for Today Students will be able to:
Analyze the importance of geography in Ancient Rome’s Formation
Understand the social and political structure of Ancient Rome
Identify the similarities and differences of the Twelve Tables to other forms of law codes (Hammurabi, USA, etc.)
Look at the importance of Pompeii in Ancient Roman history
Chapter 5 Section 1
The Rise of Rome
Roman history is the story of the Romans’ conquest of Italy and the entire Mediterranean world. The
Romans were conquerors, but they also governed, using republican
forms that have been passed down to us.
Creation Myth of Rome
Romulus and Remus - Twin sons of Mars (Roman god of War) - Abandoned by their Uncle Amulius in the Tibor River to drown. - Found and raised by a she-wolf- Found and raised by the Shepard Faustulus
-They kill Amulius- Both built great cities- Romulus kills Remus for making fun of his city - Romulus populates the city of Rome with slaves and criminals- Romulus became the first king in 753 BC- Mars carries him up to the heavens and he becomes the god Quirinius
Mythical Stories of Rome
The Land and Peoples of Italy
Main Idea: Rome’s Central location and geographic features made it a
desirable location from which to expans
GeographyItaly is a peninsula
750 miles from north to south120 miles from east to westRome is the capital of Italy
Apennine Mountains Went north and southdivided the east and west
Also settled on the island of Sicily
A Favorable Location More land to farm than GreeceDid NOT divided Rome into many small city
states Rome was built on 7 hills
Easily defended
A good central location
Mountains and Rivers of RomeItaly’s mountains did not
divide Italians like it did the GreeksItaly had more land to farm
than GreeceThe Tiber River helped
Rome with farming and transportation
Rome Rome was built on seven hills and was easy to defend
Italy sticks out into the Mediterranean Sea which made it a crossroad between eastern and western Mediterranean countries
Rome was far enough inland to be safe from pirates
Rome-A Favorable Location
The Peoples of Italy LatinMoved in around 1500 to
1000 B.C. Indo-European people who
spoke LatinSettled on Latium Herders and Farmers
GreeksHad settled during Greek
colonization 750 B.C. to 550 B.C.
Were mostly in the southOccupied Sicily They influenced agriculture
with the introduction of the grape and olive tree
They influenced culture with their architecture, sculpture and literature
Adopted their alphabet
EtruscansThe Etruscans had the greatest influence
on the RomansThey were located North of Rome in Etruria,
they expanded into Italy and came into control Rome and most of Latium
They turned the Latin villages into the city of Rome
Romans adopted their dress, the toga and shirt cloak
Also adopted their military organization
The Roman Republic
Main Idea: The Romans were practical and skillful in politics and
military matters
Establishment of Roman Republic
Early Rome was under the control of seven kings and several were Etruscans
Establishment of Roman Republic The Romans overthrew the
last Etruscan King in 509 B.C, they established the Roman Republic
Republic: a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote.
War and Conquest
Rome was surrounded by enemies and for the next 200 years they fought continuous warfare
338 Rome crushed the Latin states, and then the Greek states
Defeated the Greeks in 264 B.C. and virtually conquered all of Italy
Roman Confederation
Was devised by Italy to ruleAllowed some people- especially Latin's- to have full
Roman citizenshipMost of the communities remained allies
Allowed to run their own local affairs ONLY if they provided soldiers to Rome
Made it clear that Roman allies could become citizens
Why was Rome Successful? Ancestors and History:
To Ancient Romans, they believed that their ancestors were successful because a sense of duty, courage and discipline.
Diplomacy: They extended Roman citizenship and allowed states to run their own internal affairs. They could be firm when necessary, crushing
rebellions without mercy. Military: They were accomplished and persistent
soldiers. Built fortified towns throughout Italy; also built roads
that connected the empire.
Why was Rome successful? Brilliant Strategists: Built roads to connect towns
that they conquered By doing this, Rome could move troops quickly
throughout the territory Practical: Not ideal government, but one that
responded to problems that arose
Political Structure
Roman Political StructureEarly Rome was divided into two groups- the
patricians and the plebeians
I. Patricians
Wealthy land owners, Rome’s ruling classMinority of the roman
Republic Not a lot of people in this
group
Only ones could could be voted into office
II. Plebeians Less wealthy
landowners, small farmers, craftspeople, and merchantsThey were the
workers Made up the majority
of the population
Citizens and could vote
Patronage and Politicians
CEOs: ConsulsChief executive
officers of the Roman Republic
Highest officechosen every
year two years ran the
government led the army
into battle
Praetors/JudgesIn charge of civil
law that applied to all Roman citizensLook over judicial
affairsCould judge or
appoint a judge
Senate
Roman Senate: Select group of about 300 patricians who served for lifeApproved laws, controlled finances and made public
policy.
Assemblies
The Roman Republic also had several assembliesCenturiate assembly
Most importantElected the chief officials and
passed lawsOrganized in classes based on
wealthWealthy citizens always held
the majority
Council of PlebsCouncil of the Plebs
Came into being as a result of the struggle between the two Roman social orders
The Struggle of OrdersCaught in the middle of the struggle between
patricians and plebeians were childrenThey were forbidden to marry each otherPlebeians resented this b/c since they served in the
Roman army that protected the republic they thought they deserved political and social equality
Led to the success of the plebeiansIn 287 B.C. the council of the plebs received the right
to pass laws for all Romans All male Roman citizens were now supposedly equal under the
law
Rome’s Social Imbalance
Roman LawRome’s chief gift to the Mediterranean world was its system of laws
Twelve Tables (450 B.C.)First code of laws for RomeWritten on 12 tablets Roman developed a more
sophisticated system of lawsApplied to only Roman citizensProblems arose when non-
citizens had to be dealt with
Law of NationsNatural law or
universal law based on reason
Established standards of justice that applied to all people
Legal Principles of Today Many legal ideas
that we use now originated in Ancient RomeInnocent until
proven guiltyPeople accused of a
crime are allowed to defend themselves before a judge
A judge is expected to weigh evidence before reaching a legal decision.
Activity: Twelve Tables You have the next 20 minutes to work on
the Twelve Tables with your assigned group members
Each group will present…however you will not know what question you will answer.
Make sure to answer each question thoroughly and completely.