September 4/5 th 2012

September 4/5th 2012No warm ups this week- I only see you 2 days! September 4/6: 2-4-6September 5/7: 1-3-5

Today you will get you tests back…55-61 A49-54 B43-48 C37-42 D36 and lower FIf you have a 54 or under…you may turn in test

corrections by Thursday/Friday

Goals for Today Students will be able to:

Analyze the importance of geography in Ancient Rome’s Formation

Understand the social and political structure of Ancient Rome

Identify the similarities and differences of the Twelve Tables to other forms of law codes (Hammurabi, USA, etc.)

Look at the importance of Pompeii in Ancient Roman history

Chapter 5 Section 1

The Rise of Rome

Roman history is the story of the Romans’ conquest of Italy and the entire Mediterranean world. The

Romans were conquerors, but they also governed, using republican

forms that have been passed down to us.

Creation Myth of Rome

Romulus and Remus - Twin sons of Mars (Roman god of War) - Abandoned by their Uncle Amulius in the Tibor River to drown. - Found and raised by a she-wolf- Found and raised by the Shepard Faustulus

-They kill Amulius- Both built great cities- Romulus kills Remus for making fun of his city - Romulus populates the city of Rome with slaves and criminals- Romulus became the first king in 753 BC- Mars carries him up to the heavens and he becomes the god Quirinius

Mythical Stories of Rome

The Land and Peoples of Italy

Main Idea: Rome’s Central location and geographic features made it a

desirable location from which to expans

GeographyItaly is a peninsula

750 miles from north to south120 miles from east to westRome is the capital of Italy

Apennine Mountains Went north and southdivided the east and west

Also settled on the island of Sicily

A Favorable Location More land to farm than GreeceDid NOT divided Rome into many small city

states Rome was built on 7 hills

Easily defended

A good central location

Mountains and Rivers of RomeItaly’s mountains did not

divide Italians like it did the GreeksItaly had more land to farm

than GreeceThe Tiber River helped

Rome with farming and transportation

Rome Rome was built on seven hills and was easy to defend

Italy sticks out into the Mediterranean Sea which made it a crossroad between eastern and western Mediterranean countries

Rome was far enough inland to be safe from pirates

Rome-A Favorable Location

The Peoples of Italy LatinMoved in around 1500 to

1000 B.C. Indo-European people who

spoke LatinSettled on Latium Herders and Farmers

GreeksHad settled during Greek

colonization 750 B.C. to 550 B.C.

Were mostly in the southOccupied Sicily They influenced agriculture

with the introduction of the grape and olive tree

They influenced culture with their architecture, sculpture and literature

Adopted their alphabet

EtruscansThe Etruscans had the greatest influence

on the RomansThey were located North of Rome in Etruria,

they expanded into Italy and came into control Rome and most of Latium

They turned the Latin villages into the city of Rome

Romans adopted their dress, the toga and shirt cloak

Also adopted their military organization

The Roman Republic

Main Idea: The Romans were practical and skillful in politics and

military matters

Establishment of Roman Republic

Early Rome was under the control of seven kings and several were Etruscans

Establishment of Roman Republic The Romans overthrew the

last Etruscan King in 509 B.C, they established the Roman Republic

Republic: a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote.

War and Conquest

Rome was surrounded by enemies and for the next 200 years they fought continuous warfare

338 Rome crushed the Latin states, and then the Greek states

Defeated the Greeks in 264 B.C. and virtually conquered all of Italy

Roman Confederation

Was devised by Italy to ruleAllowed some people- especially Latin's- to have full

Roman citizenshipMost of the communities remained allies

Allowed to run their own local affairs ONLY if they provided soldiers to Rome

Made it clear that Roman allies could become citizens

Why was Rome Successful? Ancestors and History:

To Ancient Romans, they believed that their ancestors were successful because a sense of duty, courage and discipline.

Diplomacy: They extended Roman citizenship and allowed states to run their own internal affairs. They could be firm when necessary, crushing

rebellions without mercy. Military: They were accomplished and persistent

soldiers. Built fortified towns throughout Italy; also built roads

that connected the empire.

Why was Rome successful? Brilliant Strategists: Built roads to connect towns

that they conquered By doing this, Rome could move troops quickly

throughout the territory Practical: Not ideal government, but one that

responded to problems that arose

Political Structure

Roman Political StructureEarly Rome was divided into two groups- the

patricians and the plebeians

I. Patricians

Wealthy land owners, Rome’s ruling classMinority of the roman

Republic Not a lot of people in this

group

Only ones could could be voted into office

II. Plebeians Less wealthy

landowners, small farmers, craftspeople, and merchantsThey were the

workers Made up the majority

of the population

Citizens and could vote

Patronage and Politicians

CEOs: ConsulsChief executive

officers of the Roman Republic

Highest officechosen every

year two years ran the

government led the army

into battle

Praetors/JudgesIn charge of civil

law that applied to all Roman citizensLook over judicial

affairsCould judge or

appoint a judge

Senate

Roman Senate: Select group of about 300 patricians who served for lifeApproved laws, controlled finances and made public

policy.

Assemblies

The Roman Republic also had several assembliesCenturiate assembly

Most importantElected the chief officials and

passed lawsOrganized in classes based on

wealthWealthy citizens always held

the majority

Council of PlebsCouncil of the Plebs

Came into being as a result of the struggle between the two Roman social orders

The Struggle of OrdersCaught in the middle of the struggle between

patricians and plebeians were childrenThey were forbidden to marry each otherPlebeians resented this b/c since they served in the

Roman army that protected the republic they thought they deserved political and social equality

Led to the success of the plebeiansIn 287 B.C. the council of the plebs received the right

to pass laws for all Romans All male Roman citizens were now supposedly equal under the

law

Rome’s Social Imbalance

Roman LawRome’s chief gift to the Mediterranean world was its system of laws

Twelve Tables (450 B.C.)First code of laws for RomeWritten on 12 tablets Roman developed a more

sophisticated system of lawsApplied to only Roman citizensProblems arose when non-

citizens had to be dealt with

Law of NationsNatural law or

universal law based on reason

Established standards of justice that applied to all people

Legal Principles of Today Many legal ideas

that we use now originated in Ancient RomeInnocent until

proven guiltyPeople accused of a

crime are allowed to defend themselves before a judge

A judge is expected to weigh evidence before reaching a legal decision.

Activity: Twelve Tables You have the next 20 minutes to work on

the Twelve Tables with your assigned group members

Each group will present…however you will not know what question you will answer.

Make sure to answer each question thoroughly and completely.