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DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
QR CODE USING GOOGLE ANDROID TECHNOLOGY
IN THE MUSEUM OF THREE CULTURES
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
the College of Computer Studies
Capitol University
Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines 9000
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
ROLDAN R. BALDO
October 2011
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement
I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study1.5 Scope and Limitation
II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
III METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN
IV CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Glossary
Bibliography
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Acknowledgements
I express my profound gratitude to the Almighty God for giving me the strength,
health, and wisdom to accomplish this research.
To my mother, who is very supported in my study and this research. Thank you
for the understanding that you showed me and to my brother and sister for contributing
their ideas in line with my research and to their full support.
To my thesis coordinator, Mrs. Cyril Jane C. Ranido and also the dean of College
of Computer Studies. Thank you for the support and helping me with this research and
to her immeasurable understanding during my four years in College of Computer
Studies in Capitol University. Also to her faculty, for supporting us.
To my thesis adviser, Mr. Paul Joseph M. Estrera, thank you for the advice and
suggestions, and helping me generating new ideas about the research.
To Mr. Jay Ginete for helping me oriented the core of Drupal and share some
ideas regarding my research and introducing the QR code and its uses.
To Mr. Ayran Limjap for helping gathering information regarding to my research.
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To Mr. Sterling Ong for approving the website of the Museum of Three cultures to
be a sub-domain of Capitol Universitys website.
To Mr. Macneil Pol for teaching me how to establish a web server and other
networking stuffs.
To my friends and classmates, for being there in times of happiness and
hardships.
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Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction
Barcodes are printed horizontal strips of vertical bars used for identifying
specific items. A scanning device reads the barcode by moving a beam across the
symbol. The first barcode system was developed around the 1940s and 1950s, since
then people have become very accustomed to their use, through common applications
such as in retail and grocery markets (McCarthie, 2004). It is known as 1D barcode.
As bar codes became popular and their convenience universally recognized, the
market began to call for codes capable of storing more information, more character
types, and that could be printed in a smaller space. As a result, various efforts were
made to increase the amount of information stored by bar codes, such as increasing the
number of bar code digits or layout multiple bar codes (Denso Wave Incorporated,
2010).
1D barcode improved to a 2D barcode, which now can store more information.
There are lots of 2D barcodes exists today, but Denso Wave Incorporated shows that
QR code is more reliable. Now 2D codes such as QR code can be applied to a:
a) Grocery item - by adding the supplier information of the product and the
expiry date.
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b) Advertisement
a. By adding it to a poster of a Hollywood movie, and if scanned by QR
code readers it will redirect to a trailer of that movie or the more
information of that movie that the poster does not include.
b. By adding to a billboard, and large enough to be scan by a QR reader
and redirect it to the website of the contained information.
c. By adding it to a magazine, and if scanned by a QR reader it will
prompt the prize of the item or the whole information of that item.
c) Business Cards QR code can be embedded to business cards, and if
scanned by a QR reader, the information of the owner of will be displayed.
d) Receipt QR code can be embedded to a receipt, that will have the the
products purchased.
e) Download Link If a smart phone (e.g. android) user wants to download a
certain application in the internet, the user just scan the QR code and the
phone will be redirected to the download site of the application.
f) And others.
Nowadays, we innovate because of information; we are always craving for it.
Information about the author of the book we read, information of the company we are
going to apply, information about how to cook that certain food. And it is up to us, how
we deal that information.
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Museum in Capitol University is widely known as the Museum of Three
Cultures, many visitors from different schools, organizations and even tourists visits the
museum. Some visitors visit the Museum of Three Cultures just to see the real artifact
or object or additional information on their own part. Information of an artifact are written
beside the artifact or at the bottom of it, some are without labels.
The Capitol University Museum of Three Cultures was established in the summer
of 2007 and formally opened on May 2, 2008 as a special dedication to the founder of
the Capitol System of Schools, Madame Laureana San Pedro Rosales, who started her
educational apostolate in Mindanao in 1951. That apostolate had served wee three
distinct culture groups of Mindanao: the Cagayan de Oro and Bukidnon, and the
Indigenous Peoples of raison detre for the name Museum of Three Cultures where
Northern Mindanaos three cultures are traversed in the life and works of this educator
under whose aegis a concert of unity was reached.
The museum of Three Cultures has its three (3) distinct galleries: the CU Art
Gallery open for the public exhibitors, Kasaysayan Gallery showcases the
Ethnological and old photographs of Cagayan de Misamis, and the Posaka Mranao
Gallery which Houses the extensive Mranao collections of Madame Laureana San
Pedro Rosales.
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Museum of Three Culture visit is a purchase option an individual chooses to
achieve something they want. But unlike the gain perceived from a free visit to a public
library, a museum visit is not utilitarian. There are few practical, directly attributable
outcomes. Museum of Three Culture visiting does not assure one a better job, a raise in
salary, or an easily identifiable solution to a question or problem but it does come with a
price. So why do people pay? What behaviors motivate them to visit? (Orr, 2004).
Although initial database research for academic journals on the specific subject
of visitors involved studies dating as far back as the 1950s, much of the most recent
research (from around 1980 onward) points to a perception that museums themselves
are in transition. They are no longer simply repositories of objects and artifacts stored
for presentation, posterity and edification. They are expected to engage with the public
and compete with the rest of the entertainment industry for tourist dollars and leisure
time while maintaining their learning functions (Orr, 2004).
With the implementation of QR code in Museum of Three Cultures, visitors that
are not guided by a docent will have their own freedom or their interest in an artifact, to
seek the information what they want to know. By the implementation of QR code in The
Museum of Three Cultures, the purpose of this is not to replace any docent's role,
instead add visitors interactivity, because visitors that have their own phone with a QR
code reader, can use their gadget to interact with the artifact's information.
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One of the advantage of implementation of QR code in The Museum of Three
Cultures is, what if docents are not available during that time. No one can introduce the
artifacts information to the visitor. Now QR code will fill these gaps, the visitor will just
scan the QR code beside the artifact, then the information of that certain artifact will be
available to the gadget of the visitor.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
General
How to develop and implement QR codes using Google android technology in
The Museum of Three Cultures.
Specific
How can QR code method improve the availability of more information for The
Museum of Three Cultures artifacts?
What will be the type of application that is suitable and can manage updates
of information in The Museum of Three Cultures
How to develop an In-House QR generator.
How to implement QR code in the museum.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
General
To develop and implement QR code in The Museum of Three Culture.
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Specific
To augment or increase the visitor experience through the use of mobile
media and support experiential learning, bringing scholarship out of just less
information that is posted in bulletin boards and brings it into physical
experience.
To create a web based application that will update the information of the
artifact through the personalized website of The Museum of Three Cultures in
the World Wide Web.
To develop an In-House QR generator for the Museum of Three Cultures.
To implement QR codes in the Museum of Three Cultures.
1.4 Significance of the StudyIt is justifiable to promote QR codes in The Museum of Three Culture, to store
data about the artifact information, add interactivity with the visitor using their own
gadgets (QR code scanner).
To CU Museum:
Photographs of the pieces are easily uploaded online and
organize.
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To Visitors:
Augment visitors learning experience.
Visitors have their option to view the items they are
interested in.
To Other Researchers:
To other researchers that are studying QR development and
implementation in museums, can continue this study and can be
able to widen the research.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This study is not about replacing docents in The Museum of Three Culture. This
study focuses only to QR code which will be develop and implemented in The Museum
of Three Cultures. There are lots of 1D (Linear) or 2D barcodes, but QR code is more
reliable than others and discusses the usage of QR codes and not the algorithm of QR
code. This will not include the advantages/disadvantages of barcodes alone; instead
talk about the impact of adding QR codes to The Museum of Three Cultures. QR code
scanner limits to android smart phone or tablet. After scanning a certain QR code
beside an artifact in The Museum of Three Cultures, it will be redirected to a webpage,
which contains the additional information about that artifact.
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The security of the website is not covered in this study, though Apache handles it
in the first place. The design of the website is not included in the study. QR generator is
In-House generated, meaning, the Museum of Three Cultures generate its own QR
code, by not relying on Googles QR code or other web sites QR code generator.
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Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
Usually when we go shopping or order some items, or buying groceries, or even
ordering some foods in a cafeteria, we often see in the product or in the receipt, small
lines that is in different widths, and that is called a barcode which is also known as 1D
(1 dimensional) barcode. Barcodes are printed horizontal strips of vertical bars used for
identifying specific items. A scanning device reads the barcode by moving a beam
across the symbol. The first barcode system was developed around the 1940s and
1950s, since then people have become very accustomed to their use, through common
applications such as in retail and grocery markets (McCarthie, 2004). Some 1D
barcode only contain digits and some contain alphanumeric characters. These are used
usually in businesses as product codes or item number or unique identification of an
object/item. The value of the barcode is then stored to a data storage (called as
database) with most of its product information price, expiry date, name, description,
supplier name, image of the product, product code, category, etc and that kind of
information will vary from business to business on how they categorize it, and all of that
is in the data storage.
Ordinary barcodes store only a small amount of static information, typically
around 20 characters. Once the barcode is printed, the static information it contains
cannot be changed, updated. Such limited data capacity means that barcode can
generally only identify what type of product a good is, for example a can of coke, not
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each individual item. This issue has been partially alleviated by linking barcodes to
databases that contain more detailed and dynamic information (McCarthie, 2004).
Improvements to barcode symbologies have lead to the development of two-
Dimensional barcode known as 2D barcodes, which are capable of storing millions of
bytes of information. 2D barcodes do not depend on links to larger databases, acting as
a kind of mini-database themselves, which can include encrypted information
(McCarthie, 2004).
The key motivations for organizations to utilize barcoding are generally the same
across organizations; to improve data management, accessibility and reduced cost.
There is a plethora of literature, mainly in whitepapers, with case studies on
organizations saving significant amounts of money and improving efficiency through the
utilization of barcode technology. Automation of processes can dramatically increase
speed and efficiency without risking accuracy (McCarthie, 2004).
Within gallery walls, many museums are experimenting with using the visitor's
own cell phone. Cell phone tour offers the ability to easily and cheaply change content.
Using the visitor's own device eliminates many of the concerns with maintenance and
familiarity of handhelds (Science Museum of Virginia, Gyroscope Inc., 2006).
Museums, too, are making use of technology to tailor their offerings to their
visitors' specific needs and interests. Many museums developed websites, which can
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be modified to offer users only content they are interested in receiving (Science
Museum of Virginia, Gyroscope Inc., 2006).
2D barcodes can simply add interaction, reduced cost and eliminates familiarity
of handhelds. Many museum outside the country apply 2D barcodes, just to satisfy their
visitors and let their visitors interact during their tour. And this study will be implementing
2D barcodes in The Museum of Three Cultures at Capitol University, Cagayan de Oro
City, Philippines. To see the effect of 2D barcodes in the Filipino culture of The Museum
of Three Cultures. Some 2D barcodes will redirect visitors to a website that contains
most of the information of that artifact. This will also be implemented in The Museum of
Three Cultures. To access the information of the artifact in The Museum of Three
Cultures. Also providing visitors an on-line learning of that artifact and can express their
ideas in the comment area of the website about a certain artifact in The Museum of
Three Cultures.
Structure of a QR Code
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The amount of data that can be stored in the QR Code depends on the character
set, version and error correction level. The maximum values for version 40 with error
correction capacity level L.
Numeric only Max. 7,089 characters
Alphanumeric Max. 4,296 characters
Binary (8 bits) Max. 2,953 bytes
Kanji/Kana Max. 1,817 characters
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Figure A illustrates the placement of the message characters within a QR code.
Starting from the lower-right corner, the first four bits define the encoding used (in this
case, 8 bits per character).
Figure A
Mobile barcode usage in museums is just now starting to take shape. Ive put
together a sampling of some uses ranging from audio tours to augmented reality. There
have been some miscues along the way, like laminating the QR code or putting it
behind glass so that when the light hits it at the right angle, its impossible to scan
correctly. Oops! But there have also been many successful implementations. QR codes
are a great way to enhance the visitors experience. They can bring life to exhibits, allow
communication between visitors and educate at all levels.
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Indianapolis has used QR codes to do the simple task of redirecting the
smartphone user to a Wiki page with more information about what the exhibit is trying to
teach the kids. Richmond is taking their education of the children to a whole new level.
Focusing on their four main exhibits, they have added QR codes for the parents to scan.
Once scanned, they are redirected to a video that they staff has produced that explains
the lesson they want the children to learn. These ideas can be carried out at the
museum or extended to the home.
(mobilists)
The internet of things is a compelling idea, with its promise of a seamless link
between objects in the physical world and associated media in the online world. The
implications could be profound: an object will cease to be an isolated entity, but will
become the focal point in a web of connected information. Take your dining table as an
example. If the table carried a small identifying tag that linked to a central online
database of things, reading the tag would open up the contents of this database
revealing, perhaps, the tables history; the manufacturers specifications and the
materials used to construct it; its previous owners; the video of a family cat stealing food
from a plate left on its top; the written memory of someone who as a child fell into its
corner and broke a tooth and so on.
All that is required to link this digital media photographs, text, videos or sounds
to a real object is an identifier that can be read by an internet-connected device. One
such system, developed in Japan as long ago as 1994, is the QR code. QR stands for
Quick Response and the code itself is a square grid of black and white blocks, roughly
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equivalent to the barcode found on product packaging. But unlike a barcode, which links
a product to a retailers stock database, a QR code links with a web page or some other
online content. These codes are then read by the camera and QR reader software on a
mobile phone of similar internet-connected device, allowing the device to open the link.
(Billings)
Visitors of the museum can scan a QR Code at the entrance and find out more
information about the museum. As they approach each art exhibit, I think there would be
QR Codes on the art exhibits too and when scanned with a web-enabled mobile phone
with a QR Code scanner and reader, videos, images and details about the artist and
artwork. All of that information can be found on the mobile phone right there and then.
(Beqriuos)
Most young people tend to find art and museums boring places that they have to
go to on school trips or get dragged along to by the elders but a campaign in Poland is
bringing art to a whole new generation thanks to smartphones and QR codes. People
visiting the exhibition can use their phone to scan the paintings and when they do so it
uses augmented reality to act out scenes from the paintings and bring the whole
museum to life. It can often be hard to relate to art work that is hundreds of years old
but the stories told through video brought a whole new understanding of the beautiful art
work and made people appreciate it more. The campaign itself was a huge success with
the tour booked months in advance and picking up mainstream attention on television,
media, blogs and online in general. We have seen so many silly uses of QR codes but
this is a real practical well thought out campaign that brings museums to the next
generation and turns something that many youngsters found boring in to a world of
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technology that they understand. You can be sure that this campaign in Poland will be
getting copied all over the world.
(Zesty 2011)
QR codes have a lot of potential potential that hitherto has not been realised.
The underwhelming uptake of the codes outside of Japan has a lot to do with the poor
quality marketing campaigns so far run with them. If I am going to have to install or
worse still, find on my phone, a QR code reading application then the reason I am go-
ing to all this trouble has to be really really worthwhile.
On the other hand, quite a few local artists are experimenting with them in in-
teresting ways. If you are a Melbourne reader then maybe you spotted a guerilla art
installation at Federation Square by Radical Cross Stitch!
Now QR codes are probably best seen just as mobile-readable URLs. If these
URLs are just going to send me to a website that isnt tailored for my context and de-
vice then they are going to be just a gimmick. But if, on the otherhand, they can deliv-
er timely, mobile-formatted content to me that addressed my specific need at the
time then they might just work. I know theres no way I am going to bother typing an
URL into my phone whilst I stand in front of an advertisement. Even on the iPhone,
typing of URLs is more painful than it should be (in fact Id wager that most iPhone
users follow links from other applications Twitter, email etc or use their bookmarks
anything to avoid typing URLs). On a standard numeric keypad mobile, forget typing
URLs. (Chan 2009)
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While QR codes are popular in marketing and advertising, some of the most
effective uses of QR codes are in museums. Museums use QR codes to offer a multi-
media experience for their visitors. An exhibit can only display so much information,
but a QR code can hold even more video, data, pictures, audio or combination of pre-
sentation media.
The space necessary for the QR code is not very large, and is much, much
smaller than the space that even a small size exhibit requires. And because the muse-
um does not need to invest in, maintain or upgrade any of the equipment like video
screens or speakers for the visitors using the QR codes to be able to enjoy the addition-
al presentational information, the cost effectiveness of implementing QR Codes for mu-
seum goers is extremely favorable, particularly as many brick-and-mortar museums are
organized as not-for-profit organizations.
And since updating digital media is so much easier, swifter and less expensive
than re-doing an exhibit, the multimedia content where the museum QR codes are tar-
geted can be more frequently updated. This is especially useful for exhibits about cur-
rent events. As the events unfold and the situation changes, the digital exhibit can be
updated to reflect that.
QR codes can also be used in museums to easily rotate exhibits, too. It is a lot
simpler to paste up a new QR code than it is to break down an old exhibit and build a
brand new one. Planned correctly, museum staff can spend less time, energy and mon-
ey having to update the physical space of the museum but still enhance the visitor expe-
rience with the clever use of QR codes.
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Many art galleries and museums are already using QR codes. The QR codes are
posted next to the works of art, and usually allow the patrons who scan the QR codes to
view biographical information about the artist and sometimes a slide show of their other
art work. These types of QR tags are currently being used by the Fort Wayne Museum
of Art, The Los Angeles County Museum of Art, are using QR codes in this way.
(Adam 2012)
There have been some really good uses in museums and I think we are starting
to see a tide change in New York City. For starters, the city is using them on all the
building permits, so you can learn more as you pass construction sites. There are plans
in the works for QR codes on all the restaurant inspections plaques. If theres one thing
that would motivate people to jump the technical hurdles of installing a QR reader, this
would be itthe notion that we could see the actual violations that led to a restaurants
letter grade makes QR truly useful for those of us who obsess about where we eat.
When looking at a possible implementation at the Brooklyn Museum, there are consid-
erations to think aboutweve got a community-minded mission that takes accessibili-
ty very seriously and we are aware that a very large portion of our visitors dont have the
smartphones required to use the codes. That said, we want to start looking at what this
equation means for us and, as a result, weve just installed QR codes in the Museum as
an experiment to see how visitors respond. We are evaluating several different types
of uses. (Bernstein 2011)
http://www.fwmoa.org/http://www.fwmoa.org/http://www.lacma.org/http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/category/qr-codes/http://artyoucangetinto.blogspot.com/2009/04/qr-codes-visitors-resource-guide.htmlhttp://moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2011/talktome/http://www.fwmoa.org/http://www.fwmoa.org/http://www.lacma.org/http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/category/qr-codes/http://artyoucangetinto.blogspot.com/2009/04/qr-codes-visitors-resource-guide.htmlhttp://moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2011/talktome/7/31/2019 Roldan Baldo
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Chapter 3
Methodology & Design
3.1 Research Design
Before gathering information and analyzing requirements, this research will be
using the Waterfall Methodology of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to
accomplish the study. Waterfall model is sequential progression from phase to another,
after the first phase is completed, it is considered as a stepping stone to the next phase.
The phases in the waterfall - software development model are requirement analysis and
project planning, system design and specification, coding and verification, system
integration and testing and not to forget deployment and maintenance phase.
Requirement analysis and project planning,
in this first stage ofwaterfall model diagram, there is a meeting with the customer,
to understand the requirements. The first stage, this is said to be the most crucial stage,
as any miscommunication and misinterpretation at this stage may give rise to the
software, that is being developed. When the requirements have been noted, it is
important to make sure the requirements are detailed and accurate and there is no
place for any ambiguity. Understanding the requirements and expectations of the
customer properly will ensure that the end product meets the specification.
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System design and specification,
This is the stage, when the software requirements along with the hardware
requirements for every unit are identified. Then the designs are made accordingly. The
interrelations between the various units of the software are identified and the
connections are made, using algorithms and diagrams. To sum it up, this is the phase,
where the fundamental work for actual programming and implementation is done.
System implementation,
this phase is also known as coding and verification phase. Based on the
algorithms written in the previous phase, software program is written. For every module,
software code is written and tested, to check if the correct output is received. System
integration and testing, in this phase all the modules are integrated, after which the
software is tested for correct output. All the bugs that are made due to integration are
removed. Then software testing is carried out again. They are normally a series of tests,
which are run to check the performance of the software, and also to find if any new bugs
were introduced into the system, after the previous bugs were fixed. If any more errors
do exist, the bugs are fixed only to be retested. The waterfall model in testing is
followed, to make the software bug free, as far as possible. System deployment and
maintenance, this makes for the final phase of the waterfall model, where the software
is deployed at the clients side, after it has undergone thorough testing. After the
deployment of the software, routine maintenance work is carried out.
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3.1.1 Description of the current system
There are many visitors in the Museum of Three Cultures, tourists, students from
other schools, employees, researchers, artists, etc. So every time they want to seek
information about an artifact aside from what is written in summary of its history or its
background, they might need a docent to further explain the details. Visitors alone
cannot extract the more information about an artifact by themselves. Some artifact has
only names in it, no history, no background, no summary.
3.2 Software Development Model (Waterfall Model)
Waterfall model is one of the most well-known models in software
development life cycle. This model is also known as the traditional or classic model
used in software development. It is not only simple to understand, but it is also easy to
use. The highlight of waterfall model is that, there are defined phases in waterfall model
life cycle and the preceding phase must be completed before the next phase starts.
Although there are a number of different models that are now used, in the software
development, waterfall model still remains one of the top most used model. The
waterfall model represents a sequential and linear process of software development. It
flows through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing
and maintenance.
3.2.1 Requirements
> The client wants to add interactivity among visitors and the artifact.
> The client wants to expand the information available to any artifact.
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3.2.2 System Design
> Any smart phones that have a QR reader or QR reader can be able to install.
(This is just for the requirement of the visitor, just to be able to access the
information of the artifact)
> Web Server (Capitol University Web Server)
> Wireless Access Point (that can handle the museum range would be enough)
> 1 Desktop computer that has a minimum requirement of Pentium 2 processor,
256mb of RAM 40gig of HDD, above minimum would be much better. This
is for the curator to add/update some information in the museums
website.
3.2.3 Implementation
Coding phase, using the Java Language to develop Android phone application.
Drupal & XAMPP (Windows/Linux, Apache 2.2.17, MySQL, PHP 5.3.4) to develop the
Museums website.
Developing an In-House QR code generator, instead of googles QR code
generator. (zxing 2011)
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How QR Code is generated by the Museum of Three Cultures
Masking Process
Masking Process
By having special patterns to process masking, QR code is enabled to have
black and white cells well arranged in a balanced order. To accurately binalize the data
that had been read, it is necessary to arrange the white and black cells in a well-
balanced manner. To enable this, EX-OR calculation will be implemented between the
data area cell and the mask pattern (template) cell when encoding the stored data and
arranging it into the data area. Then, the number of unique patterns existing and the
balance between the white cells and the black cells will be assessed against the data
area where the calculation had been implemented. There are 8 mask patterns.
Assessment will be made for each mask pattern, and the mask pattern with the highest
assessment result together with the EX-OR calculation result will be stored into the data
area.
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QR Code structure
a) Finder Pattern A pattern for detecting the position of the QR code. By arranging
this pattern at the three corners of a symbol, the position, the size, and the angle
of the symbol can be detected. This finder pattern consists of a structure which
can be detected in all directions (360 degrees)
b) Alignment Pattern A pattern for correcting the distortion of the QR code. It is
highly effective for correcting non-linear distortions. The central coordinate of the
alignment pattern will be identified to correct the distortion of the symbol. For this
purpose, a black isolated cell is placed in the alignment pattern to make it easier
to detect the central coordinate of the alignment pattern.
c) Timing Pattern A pattern for identifying the central coordinate of each cell in the
QR code with black & white patterns arranged alternately. It is used for correcting
the central coordinate of the data cell when the symbol is distorted or when there
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is an error for the cell pitch. It is arranged in both vertical and horizontal
directions.
d) Quiet Zone A margin space necessary for reading the QR code. This quiet
zone makes it easier to have the symbol detected from among the image read by
the CCD sensor. Four or more cells are necessary for the quiet zone.
e) Data Area The QR Code data will be stored (encoded) into the data area. The
data will be encoded into the binary numbers of 0 and 1 based on the encoding
rule. The binary numbers of 0 and 1 will be converted into black & white cells and
then will be arranged.
QR Code Specifications
a) Symbol Size QR Code can have its size freely selected according to the data
volume to be stored and the reading method. The symbol size is incremented by
four cells in both vertical and horizontal direction 21x21 cells, 25x25 cells,
29x29 cells. . . . . , and there are 40 size types with the maximum size set to
185x185 cells.
b) Information Type & Volume QR code can handle various types of data such as
numerical characters, alphabets, signs, kanji characters, hiragana, katakana,
control signs, and images.
c) Data Conversion Efficiency QR Code has four types of conversion mode -
numerical characters, alphanumerical/signs, binary, and kanji characters for
encoding the data. Each mode has had considerations to improve its conversion
efficiency.
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3.2.4 Testing
Before releasing this to the public, these must be tested in alpha and beta testing
until desired output is achieved.
3.2.5 Deployment & Maintenance
This will be deployed as a sub-domain of Capitol Universitys website. To
minimize the cost and maintenance.
3.3 Context Diagram
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Chapter 4
Conclusion & Recommendation
4.1 Conclusion
Mobile technologies are the future of museum exhibits, and those that are
engaged already become more engaged. They share their newly found knowledge with
their fellow museum goers. They in essence become docents themselves. On top of
that, you dont have to replace their phone if they drop it, since it is theirs, not yours. We
have to use the mobile space to engage the visitors and extend the presence beyond
the horizon. And as the crowd becomes more increasingly mobile, museums are
prepared to serve them.
Another advantage of QR code museum is that, the Museum of Three Cultures
does not need to train many docents, because QR Codes in museum can serve
information to visitors by not relying to docents, but its implementation does not mean it
will replace the docents in The Museum of Three Cultures.
QR Code in The Museum of Three Cultures can also add interactivity to visitors,
where visitors can use their mobile phone to scan the QR Code, then redirected to the
virtual world known as the internet, together with the information of what is related to the
artifact.
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4.2 Recommendation
Technology is a Means, not an end: Whatever technology-based projects a
museum chooses to implement must truly add value to the visitor experience allowing
visitors to interact with the museum or with one another in ways that would not
otherwise be possible. And this value must be overtly apparent to visitors. Greg Brown
suggests, Don't use technology for technology sake. You need to really add value with
technology. We can't just add technology for the gee-whiz-ness. We need to make the
benefit really obvious and clear so people get it. Information technology entrepreneur
Duffy Mazan adds that a big challenge is not getting too far outside of the core mission
of the museum. The resources devoted to technology should be measured against how
much the technology adds to the core educational mission.
Choose wisely: With a multitude of potential technology implementations
available, it will be impossible for anyone museum to stay on the leading edge of all of
them. Rather, most of the museums highlighted in this report have chosen a specific
area or a small number of areas of technology in which to experiment. Museums must
choose the specific technology or technologies that best support their program and
visitor experience goals, rather than trying to be all things to people.
Know your audience: Understanding your audience the ways in which they use
technology in their daily lives and the specific technologies that they use is essential
to creating an experience that appeals to them and resonates with them. Research into
the museum's target audience will be essential to creating a successful technology
program and, once the program is implemented, a continued focus on the staying
aware of the audience's interest, needs, and goals is essential.
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Educate your users: Several technology projects have struggle to succeed simply
because visitors do not clearly understand how to interact with the technology or what it
can do for them. For example, several bookmarking projects where visitors identify
objects or topics they are interested in learning more about later have resulted in low
uptake of this feature in large part because visitors simply aren't educated about what
the feature does. Alisa Barry, head of Interactive Media at the Natural History Museum
in London, offers, Museums need not only to offer these opportunities, but also to
educate their visitors that these information technologies exist within the museum
environment and can enrich the user experience.
Design for experience, not for hardware: Technology is advancing at lightning
speed; technologies that are cutting-edge today may be out-of-date tomorrow. As just
one example, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories has recently developed a technology that
can hold a significant amount of data in a tag the size of a shirt button.
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Glossary
1D Barcode A machine-readable code in the form of a pattern of parallel lines of
varying widths, printed on and identifying a commodity for stock
control
2D Barcode Is a graphical image that stores information both horizontally as
one-dimensional barcodes do and vertically
Curator A keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection
Docent (Museum) Is a title used in United States for educators trained to further the
publics understanding of the cultural and historical collections of
the institution, including local and national museums, zoos,
historical landmarks and parks.
Museum A building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural
interest are stored and exhibited
QR Code (Quick Response Code) is a 2 dimensional symbol. It was invented
in 1994 by Denso, one of major Toyota group companies, and
approved as an ISO international standard (ISO/IEC18004) in June
2000.
Smart Phones Is a high-end mobile phone that combines the functions of a
personal digital assistant (PDA) and a mobile phone
Kanji Are the adopted logographic Chinese characters that are used in the modern
Japanese writing system along with Hiragana, Katakana, Indo
Arabic Numerals, and the occasional use of the Latin alphabet
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Hiragana Is a Japanese syllabary, one basic component of the Japanese
writing system, along with Katakana, Kanji and the Latin alphabet.
Katakana Is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing
system along with Hiragana, Kanji, and in some cases the Latin
alphabet.
Alphanumeric Consisting of or using both letters and numerals
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