HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
6th
Gra
de:
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y
(Rep
rod
uct
ive
Sy
stem
an
d B
od
y C
ha
ng
es i
n A
do
lesc
ence
)
Ra
tio
na
l o
f th
is u
nit
At
this
age,
ch
ildre
n's
hei
gh
t an
d w
eight
wil
l su
dden
ly i
ncr
ease
as
inte
rnal
org
ans
dev
elop.
Sec
ondar
y s
exual
char
acte
rist
ics
wil
l dev
elop a
nd r
epro
duct
ive
org
ans
wil
l al
so s
tart
to m
ature
. S
om
e of
thes
e ch
ildre
n w
ill
also
exper
ience
men
stru
atio
n (
per
iods)
or
ejac
ula
tion.
Su
ch n
ew e
xper
ience
s ca
n b
e a
shock
ing e
ven
t, a
nd t
her
e w
ill
be
those
who w
ill
hav
e co
nce
rns
and w
orr
ies
or
vie
w t
hei
r ow
n s
exual
ity n
egat
ivel
y, n
ot
know
ing h
ow
to r
eact
.
Addit
ional
ly,
sudden
gro
wth
in c
erta
in i
ndiv
idual
s' b
odie
s an
d g
ender
dif
fere
nce
s w
ill
affe
ct t
hem
men
tall
y. T
his
can r
esult
in t
hem
show
ing g
reat
inte
rest
in t
hei
r ow
n b
odil
y d
evel
op
men
t an
d c
han
ges
or
poss
ibly
fee
ling a
sense
of
infe
riori
ty.
Thes
e se
condar
y s
exual
char
acte
rist
ics
are
acco
mpan
ied b
y m
enta
l st
ates
of
inse
curi
ty
par
ticu
lar
to a
dole
scen
ce.
Ther
efore
, in
ord
er
to
dee
pen
under
stan
din
g
about
seco
ndar
y
sexual
ch
arac
teri
stic
s w
ith
a fo
cus
on
the
repro
duct
ive
syst
em,
our
aim
is
for
pupil
s to
under
stan
d t
he
dif
fere
nce
s in
nam
e an
d f
unct
ion o
f m
ale
and
fem
ale
repro
duct
ion,
reduce
thei
r an
xie
ty a
nd w
orr
ies
asso
ciat
ed w
ith m
enst
ruat
ion(p
erio
ds)
and e
jacu
lati
on,
and b
e ab
le t
o a
dap
t to
thei
r ow
n s
exual
ity.
Hope
is t
hat
they
wil
l al
so a
ctiv
ely d
eal
wit
h e
moti
onal
chan
ges
asso
ciat
ed
wit
h
seco
ndar
y
sexual
ch
arac
teri
stic
s,
han
dle
th
eir
ow
n
sexual
ity
and
dev
elop
an
atti
tude
of
under
stan
din
g a
nd c
onsi
der
atio
n f
or
those
of
the
opposi
te s
ex.
Ob
ject
ives
: w
hat
pu
pil
s are
exp
ecte
d t
o a
chie
ve
in t
his
un
it
Know
the
nam
es a
nd f
unct
ions
of
the
var
ious
mal
e an
d f
emal
e re
pro
duct
ive
org
ans,
and b
ecom
e ca
pab
le o
f
acti
vel
y d
eali
ng w
ith t
hei
r o
wn s
exual
ity w
hil
e co
rrec
tly u
nder
stan
din
g s
econdar
y s
exual
char
acte
rist
ics.
Rea
lize
the
anxie
ty a
nd w
orr
ies
that
wil
l co
me
wit
h s
econdar
y s
exual
char
acte
rist
ics
and b
ecom
e ca
pab
le
of
adap
ting t
o t
hei
r ow
n s
exual
ity.
Hav
e m
utu
al r
espec
t bet
wee
n g
irls
and b
oys
and d
evel
op a
n a
ttit
ude
that
res
pec
ts t
ho
se o
f th
e opposi
te s
ex
the
sam
e as
ones
elf.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
Inte
rrel
ati
on
of
co
nte
nts
of
each
gra
de
* T
he
ord
er b
elow
is
as
show
n i
n t
he
syll
abus.
Gra
de
Wh
at
to t
each
(H
um
an
Bod
y)
1st
G
rade
Exte
rior
par
ts o
f th
e hum
an b
ody –
hea
d (
eyes
, ea
rs,
nose
, hai
r, m
outh
), n
eck,
ches
t, a
rms
(han
ds,
elb
ow
s, f
inger
s, n
ails
), l
egs
(knee
s, f
eet,
toes
, to
enai
ls))
2nd G
rade
The
five
sense
s – s
mel
l, t
aste
, to
uch
, si
ght
and h
eari
ng
Usi
ng s
enso
ry o
rgan
s
3rd
Gra
de
Sig
ht
– e
yes
ight
and f
ar, cl
ose
, big
, an
d s
mal
l obje
cts
Usi
ng p
roper
body l
anguag
e fo
r your
com
munit
y i
ncl
udin
g f
acia
l ex
pre
ssio
n
and h
and s
ignal
s
4th
Gra
de
Types
of
teet
h –
inci
sors
, ca
nin
es, pre
mola
rs a
nd m
ola
rs
The
funct
ion o
f dif
fere
nt
tooth
types
Dev
elopm
ent
of
teet
h (
losi
ng b
aby t
eeth
, er
upti
on o
f per
man
ent
teet
h)
5th
Gra
de
Res
pir
atory
syst
em n
ames
– n
ose
, tr
achea
, bro
nch
i, l
ungs,
dia
phra
gm
Funct
ion o
f th
e re
spir
atory
syst
em –
nose
, tr
achea
, lu
ngs,
dia
phra
gm
Dig
esti
ve
syst
em nam
es – m
outh
(t
eeth
an
d to
ngue)
, oes
ophag
us,
st
om
ach,
smal
l in
test
ine,
liv
er,
pan
crea
s, c
olo
n, re
ctum
, an
us
Funct
ion o
f th
e dig
esti
ve
syst
em –
tee
th,
oes
ophag
us,
sto
mac
h,
smal
l in
test
ine,
colo
n
6th
G
rade
(This
unit
)
Org
ans
of
the
repro
duct
ive
syst
em -
fem
ale
(ovar
ies,
ovid
uct
s, w
om
b,
vag
ina)
and m
ale
(tes
tes,
ure
thra
, pen
is)
Var
ious
funct
ions
of
the
repro
duct
ive
syst
em
Adole
scen
t ch
anges
– b
odil
y c
han
ges
, m
ale
and f
emal
e
7th
Gra
de
Org
ans
of
the
circ
ula
tory
syst
em –
hea
rt, blo
od, blo
od v
esse
ls
Com
ponen
ts a
nd f
unct
ion o
f blo
od –
pla
sma,
red
blo
od c
ells
, w
hit
e blo
od c
ells
,
pla
tele
ts
Types
and f
unct
ion o
f blo
od v
esse
ls –
art
erie
s, v
eins,
cap
illa
ries
Str
uct
ure
and f
unct
ion o
f th
e hea
rt –
atri
al a
uri
cle
(atr
ium
s),
ven
tric
les,
blo
od
ves
sels
(ao
rta,
ven
a ca
va,
pulm
onar
y v
ein, pulm
onar
y a
rter
y)
8th
Gra
de
Fer
tili
sati
on
Foet
al d
evel
op
men
t – z
ygote
, em
bry
o, fo
etus
The
pro
cess
of
bir
th
Excr
etory
org
ans
and w
aste
pro
duct
s – s
kin
(ep
ider
mis
, der
mis
, sw
eat
gla
nds,
swea
t as
a w
aste
pro
duct
), l
ungs
(nose
, tr
achea
, an
d c
arbon d
ioxid
e as
a w
aste
pro
duct
), k
idney
s (k
idney
's a
ppea
rance
, ure
thra
, bla
dder
, w
aste
pro
duct
s fr
om
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
the
ure
thra
as
uri
ne
Bef
ore
sta
rtin
g t
his
un
it
Cu
rren
t le
arn
ing s
tatu
s of
the
pu
pil
s
To
a c
erta
in e
xte
nt
6th g
rade
chil
dre
n a
lrea
dy k
now
about
the
dif
fere
nce
s bet
wee
n t
he
mal
e an
d f
emal
e bod
y, b
ut
they
do n
ot
hav
e a
corr
ect
under
stan
din
g o
f th
ings
like
men
stru
atio
n(p
erio
ds)
and e
jacu
lati
on t
hat
com
e w
ith t
he
mat
ura
tion
of
repro
duct
ive
org
ans.
T
hey
al
so
do
no
t under
stan
d
that
em
oti
onal
ch
anges
ac
com
pan
y
dev
elopm
ent
of
seco
ndar
y s
exual
char
acte
rist
ics.
Pre
para
tory
Note
s
Pupil
s ar
e to
wri
te o
n t
hei
r w
ork
shee
ts a
nd m
ove
thro
ugh t
hei
r st
udy w
hil
e co
nfi
rmin
g d
etai
ls s
uch
that
each
one
of
them
pro
per
ly u
nder
stan
ds
the
dif
fere
nce
s in
the
mal
e an
d f
emal
e body a
s w
ell
as t
he
nam
es
and f
unct
ion o
f th
e re
pro
duct
ive
org
ans.
Tea
cher
s ar
e to
giv
e w
arm
advic
e an
d g
uid
ance
to l
et p
upil
s under
stan
d t
hat
ther
e ar
e dif
fere
nce
s in
the
phen
om
ena
of
how
mal
e an
d f
emal
e re
pro
duct
ive
org
ans
mat
ure
, but
that
thes
e ar
e pro
of
that
they
are
gro
win
g u
p i
nto
adult
s. A
lso g
ive
advic
e su
ch t
hat
they
can
acc
ept
thei
r ow
n s
exual
ity a
nd u
nder
stan
d e
ach
oth
er.
Ob
ject
ives
to
be
ach
iev
ed b
y c
om
pete
ncy
Inte
rest
, m
oti
vati
on
, an
d a
ttit
ud
e
1.
To
wil
lingly
in
ves
tigat
e ques
tions
they
m
ay
hav
e w
ith
thei
r in
tere
st
in
mal
e an
d
fem
ale
bodil
y
dev
elopm
ent.
2.
To w
illi
ngly
in
ves
tigat
e ques
tions
they
may
hav
e w
ith t
hei
r in
tere
st i
n a
dole
scen
t bodil
y c
han
ges
.
Sci
enti
fic
thin
kin
g a
nd
com
mu
nic
ati
on
act
ivit
ies
1.
Abil
ity t
o r
elat
e an
d e
xam
ine
the
stru
cture
and f
unct
ion o
f re
pro
duct
ive
org
ans,
ente
r th
em i
n t
he
work
shee
t
and e
xpla
in t
hem
.
2.
Ab
ilit
y t
o e
xam
ine
bodil
y c
han
ges
that
wil
l occ
ur
to t
hem
whil
e co
mp
arin
g t
o t
hei
r cu
rren
t bodie
s.
Kn
ow
led
ge,
un
der
stan
din
g, an
d s
kil
ls i
n o
bse
rvati
on
an
d e
xp
erim
enta
tion
1.
Ab
ilit
y t
o k
now
the
nam
es o
f th
e fe
mal
e re
pro
duct
ive
org
ans
(vag
ina,
wom
b,
endoce
rvix
, ovum
, ovar
ies
and o
vid
uct
s).
2.
Abil
ity t
o u
nder
stan
d t
he
funct
ion o
f th
e fe
mal
e re
pro
duct
ive
org
ans
(ovar
ies,
ovid
uct
s, w
om
b, vag
ina)
.
3.
Ab
ilit
y t
o k
now
the
nam
es o
f th
e m
ale
repro
duct
ive
org
ans
(pen
is, ure
thra
, sc
rotu
m, te
stes
, sp
erm
atic
duct
).
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
4.
Ab
ilit
y t
o u
nder
stan
d t
he
funct
ion o
f th
e m
ale
repro
duct
ive
org
ans
(tes
tes,
sper
mat
ic d
uct
, pen
is,
ure
thra
and s
crotu
m).
5.
Ab
ilit
y t
o u
nder
stan
d t
he
physi
cal
and e
moti
onal
chan
ges
boys
and g
irls
go t
hro
ugh.
6.
To
know
about
HIV
/AID
S a
nd o
ther
sex
ual
ly t
ransm
itte
d d
isea
ses
and t
he
import
ance
of
pre
ven
ting t
hem
.
Idea
s b
ehin
d t
he
stru
ctu
rin
g t
he
un
it
Str
uct
ura
l il
lust
rati
ons
to i
nves
tigat
e an
d a
ctiv
itie
s ai
min
g a
t bet
ter
under
stan
din
g o
f th
e nam
es a
nd f
unct
ions
of
mal
e an
d f
emal
e re
pro
duct
ive
org
ans
hav
e bee
n i
ncl
uded
. In
thes
e ac
tivit
ies,
we
mak
e pupil
s re
aliz
e th
ings
like
how
the
nam
es a
nd f
unct
ions
of
repro
duct
ive
org
ans
may
be
dif
fere
nt
but
they
are
pro
of
that
they
are
gro
win
g
up i
nto
adult
men
and w
om
en,
and t
hat
rep
roduct
ion h
as t
he
import
ant
funct
ion o
f bri
ngin
g a
new
lif
e in
to t
he
worl
d.
Tea
cher
s sh
ould
att
empt
to c
reat
e a
clas
sroom
en
vir
on
men
t in
whic
h p
upil
s under
stan
d e
ach o
ther
and
can a
ccep
t th
eir
ow
n s
exual
ity.
Illu
stra
tions
hav
e bee
n p
repar
ed s
uch
that
pupil
s ca
n p
erce
ive
the
bodil
y c
han
ges
of
the
mal
e an
d f
emal
e bod
y
and c
om
par
e th
em, an
d a
lso e
nte
r w
hat
they
hav
e fi
gure
d o
ut
on w
ork
shee
ts.
Un
it t
each
ing
pla
n
(9 p
erio
ds
+ 1
per
iod
for
the
Fin
al
Un
it E
valu
ati
on
Tes
t)
* T
he
num
eric
val
ue
in p
aren
thes
es r
epre
sents
the
corr
espondin
g p
erio
d (
e.g. 1)
mea
ns
the
firs
t per
iod).
*(E
valu
ati
on:
Know
ledge
and S
kill
s 1),
(E
valu
ati
on:
Inte
rest
1),
etc
. in
dic
ate
the
poin
ts a
t w
hic
h t
each
ers
can
chec
k w
het
her
the
pupil
s hav
e at
tain
ed t
he
goal
s sp
ecif
ied i
n t
he
sect
ion O
bje
ctiv
es b
ase
d o
n t
he
view
poin
t.
Su
b-U
nit
Des
crip
tio
n
1.
Na
mes
an
d F
un
ctio
n o
f
Fem
ale
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s
(3 p
erio
ds)
1)
Fin
d o
ut
the
nam
es o
f fe
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e org
ans
nee
ded
to
pas
s o
n n
ew l
ife
and
rec
ord
them
in
th
e w
ork
shee
t.
Un
der
stan
d th
e n
ames
o
f th
e fe
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s (v
agin
a, w
om
b,
endo
cerv
ix,
ovu
m,
ovar
ies
and
ovid
uct
s).
(Eva
lua
tion
: In
tere
st 1
, K
no
wle
dge
an
d S
kill
s 1
)
2-3
) F
ind
ou
t th
e fu
nct
ion
s o
f fe
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s an
d r
eco
rd t
hem
in
th
e w
ork
shee
t.
Un
der
stan
d t
he
fun
ctio
n o
f th
e fe
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s (o
var
ies,
ovid
uct
s, w
om
b a
nd
vag
ina)
.
(Eva
lua
tion
: T
hin
king
a
nd
R
epre
sen
tati
on
1
, K
no
wle
dg
e a
nd
Ski
lls
2)
2.
Na
mes
an
d F
un
ctio
n o
f M
ale
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s
4)
Fin
d o
ut
the
nam
es o
f m
ale
rep
rodu
ctiv
e o
rgan
s n
eed
ed t
o p
ass
on
new
lif
e an
d r
eco
rd
them
in
th
e w
ork
shee
t.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
(2 p
erio
ds)
Un
der
stan
d t
he
nam
es o
f th
e m
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
ans
(pen
is,
ure
thra
, sc
rotu
m,
test
es a
nd
sper
mat
ic d
uct
).
(Eva
lua
tion
: In
tere
st 1
, K
no
wle
dge
an
d S
kill
s 3
)
5)
Fin
d o
ut
the
fun
ctio
ns
of
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s an
d r
eco
rd t
hem
in
th
e w
ork
shee
t.
Un
der
stan
d t
he
fun
ctio
n o
f th
e m
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
ans
(tes
tes,
sp
erm
atic
du
ct,
pen
is,
ure
thra
and
scr
otu
m).
(Eva
lua
tion
: T
hin
king
a
nd
R
epre
sen
tati
on
1
, K
no
wle
dg
e a
nd
Ski
lls
2)
Inte
rmed
iate
Rev
iew
(No
tim
e al
lott
ed)
Giv
e th
e “1
st a
nd
2n
dS
ub
-Un
it R
evie
w T
est.
”
(Ho
mew
ork
can
be
giv
en d
epen
din
g o
n t
he
pro
gre
ss o
f th
e cl
ass.
)
3. A
dole
scen
t B
od
y C
ha
ng
es
(4 p
erio
ds)
6)
Dis
cuss
th
e ch
anges
of
the
mal
e an
d f
emal
e b
od
y d
uri
ng a
dole
scen
ce. (Eva
lua
tion
: In
tere
st 2
)
7)
Dis
cuss
em
oti
on
al c
han
ges
du
rin
g a
do
lesc
ence
. (Eva
lua
tion
: T
hin
king
and
Rep
rese
nta
tio
n 2
)
8)
Mak
e an
d u
nd
erst
and
con
nec
tio
ns
bet
wee
n t
he
ph
ysi
cal
and
em
oti
on
al c
han
ges
du
rin
g
ado
lesc
ence
an
d r
eco
rd f
ind
ings
in t
he
wo
rksh
eet.
Un
der
stan
d t
he
ph
ysi
cal
and
em
oti
on
al c
han
ges
bo
ys
and
gir
ls g
o t
hro
ugh
.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 5
)
9)
War
n p
up
ils
abou
t p
regn
ancy
wh
ile
affi
rmin
g t
he
imp
ort
ance
of
pre
ven
tio
n f
or
sexu
ally
tran
smit
ted
dis
ease
s li
ke
HIV
/AID
S.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 6
)
Inte
rmed
iate
Rev
iew
(No
tim
e al
lott
ed)
Giv
e th
e “3
rdS
ub
-Un
it R
evie
w T
est/
”
(Ho
mew
ork
can
be
giv
en d
epen
din
g o
n t
he
pro
gre
ss o
f th
e cl
ass.
)
Un
it E
nd
Revie
w
(1 p
erio
d)
10
) T
each
er g
ives
th
e “F
inal
Un
it E
valu
ati
on
Tes
t.”
Les
son
Pla
n
1.
Na
mes
an
d F
un
ctio
n o
f F
em
ale
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s (3
Per
iod
s: 1
st -
3rd
per
iod
)
2.
Na
mes
an
d F
un
ctio
n o
f M
ale
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s2
Per
iod
s: 4
th -
5th
per
iod
Goals
of
this
su
b-u
nit
Gai
n t
he
abil
ity t
o w
illi
ngly
inves
tigat
e ques
tions
they
may
hav
e w
ith t
hei
r in
tere
st i
n m
ale
and f
emal
e
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
bodil
y d
evel
op
men
t.
Ab
ilit
y t
o r
elat
e an
d e
xam
ine
the
stru
cture
and f
unct
ion o
f re
pro
duct
ive
org
ans
and e
xpla
in t
hem
.
Abil
ity t
o k
now
and u
nder
stan
d t
he
nam
es a
nd f
unct
ion o
f th
e fe
mal
e re
pro
duct
ive
org
ans.
Abil
ity t
o k
now
and u
nder
stan
d t
he
nam
es a
nd f
unct
ion o
f th
e m
ale
repro
duct
ive
org
ans.
Mate
rial
Pre
para
tion
s
Mat
eria
ls, te
xtb
ook a
nd w
ork
shee
t ab
out
the
nam
es a
nd f
unct
ion o
f m
ale
and f
emal
e re
pro
duct
ive
org
ans.
Per
iod
1:
Nam
es o
f F
emale
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s
Lea
rn
ing
flo
w a
nd
act
ivit
yT
each
ing
Hin
ts a
nd
Ad
vic
e
Intr
od
uct
ion
5 m
ins.
Hu
man
men
an
d w
om
en h
ave
chil
dre
n a
nd p
ass
on
new
lif
e in
to t
he
wo
rld
. H
ow
do o
ur
bo
die
s ch
ange
wh
en w
e b
eco
me
adu
lts
to a
llo
w t
his
to h
app
en?
Are
ther
e d
iffe
ren
ces
dep
end
ing o
n w
het
her
yo
u a
re a
bo
y
or
gir
l?
Mak
e th
e p
upil
s th
ink a
bou
t th
e d
iffe
ren
ces
bet
wee
n
mal
e an
d
fem
ale
bo
die
s w
hil
e sh
ow
ing
figu
res
of
mal
e an
d f
emal
e si
lho
uet
tes.
Aft
er d
iscu
ssin
g t
he
dif
fere
nce
s in
mal
e an
d f
emal
e
bo
die
s, a
dvis
e th
e p
up
ils
in f
ind
ing o
ut
abou
t fe
mal
e
rep
rodu
ctiv
e o
rgan
s.
(Eva
lua
tion
: In
tere
st
1)
To
wil
lin
gly
in
ves
tigat
e
qu
esti
on
s th
ey m
ay h
ave
wit
h t
hei
r in
tere
st i
n m
ale
and
fem
ale
bo
dil
y d
evel
op
men
t.
Qu
esti
on
sF
ind
ou
t th
e n
ames
o
f th
e fe
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s re
late
d to
h
avin
g
chil
dre
n
and
reco
rd th
em
on
yo
ur
wo
rksh
eet.
Inv
esti
gati
ve
Stu
dy
20
min
s.
Usi
ng t
he
mat
eria
ls p
rovid
ed,
fin
d o
ut
the
nam
es o
f
the
fem
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
ans
(vag
ina,
w
om
b,
end
oce
rvix
, o
vu
m,
ovar
ies
and
ovid
uct
s),
and
rec
ord
them
in
yo
ur
wo
rksh
eet.
Th
e p
art
that
pro
du
ces
eggs
is c
alle
d t
he
ovar
y.
(Ref
er t
o p
g. 4
2 r
ega
rdin
g w
ork
shee
t)
Gu
ide
the
pup
ils
in
con
firm
ing
the
nam
es
and
po
siti
on
s w
hil
e lo
okin
g a
t th
e m
ater
ials
an
d t
extb
oo
k.
Hav
e th
em r
eco
rd t
hei
r fi
nd
ings
in t
he
wo
rksh
eet.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e a
nd
S
kill
s 1
)Ab
ilit
y to
kno
w
the
nam
es o
f th
e fe
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s (v
agin
a,
wo
mb
, en
do
cerv
ix,
ovu
m,
ovar
ies
and
ovid
uct
s).
Pre
sen
tati
on
10
min
s.
Pre
sen
t th
e n
ames
of
fem
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
ans
that
yo
u i
nves
tigat
ed a
nd
rec
ord
ed i
n y
ou
r w
ork
shee
t.
Let
tin
g
pu
pil
s dis
cuss
in
gro
up
s an
d
pre
sen
t a
sum
mar
y i
s ac
cep
tab
le.
Inst
ruct
th
e pu
pil
s to
b
rin
g
the
wo
rksh
eets
n
ext
per
iod a
s th
ey w
ill
be
use
d a
gai
n.
Hav
ing t
hem
tu
rn
Ova
ry
Wo
mb
C
orp
us
Lu
teu
m
Ov
um
Ovid
uct
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
them
in
is
fin
e, a
s th
is w
ill
allo
w y
ou
to
avo
id p
up
ils
forg
etti
ng t
hei
r sh
eets
in
th
e n
ext
per
iod.
Per
iod
2-3
: F
un
ctio
n o
f F
emale
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s
Lea
rn
ing
flo
w a
nd
act
ivit
yT
each
ing
Hin
ts a
nd
Ad
vic
e
Rev
iew
Intr
od
uct
ion
5 m
ins.
Co
nfi
rm t
he
nam
es o
f th
e fe
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s
(vag
ina,
w
om
b,
end
oce
rvix
, o
vu
m,
ov
arie
s an
d
ovid
uct
s) t
hat
yo
u f
ou
nd
ou
t in
the
last
per
iod.
Rec
hec
k t
he
nam
es u
sin
g t
he
wo
rksh
eet
fro
m t
he
last
per
iod.
Tel
l th
e ch
ild
ren
th
at i
n t
his
per
iod
yo
u w
ill
con
tinu
e
by
fin
din
g
ou
t th
e fu
nct
ion
s o
f th
e fe
mal
e o
rgan
s
nam
ed a
nd
rec
ord
ing t
hem
.
Qu
esti
on
sF
ind o
ut
the
fun
ctio
ns
of
the
fem
ale
rep
rodu
ctiv
e o
rgan
s.
Inv
esti
gati
ve
Stu
dy
55
min
s.
Usi
ng t
he
mat
eria
ls p
rovid
ed,
fin
d o
ut
the
fun
ctio
ns
of
the
fem
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
ans
(ovar
ies,
ovid
uct
s,
wo
mb
, vag
ina)
, an
d r
eco
rd t
hem
in
yo
ur
wo
rksh
eet.
Th
e w
om
b i
s w
her
e th
e eg
g b
eco
mes
a b
aby.
Th
e o
var
ies
are
wh
ere
the
eggs
com
e fr
om
.
Th
e v
agin
a is
wh
ere
the
bab
y c
om
es t
hro
ugh
wh
en i
t
is b
orn
.
Gu
ide
the
pu
pil
s in
con
firm
ing t
he
fun
ctio
ns
wh
ile
loo
kin
g a
t th
e m
ater
ials
an
d t
extb
oo
k.
Hav
e th
em r
eco
rd t
hei
r fi
nd
ings
in t
he
wo
rksh
eet.
(Eva
lua
tion
: T
hin
kin
g a
nd
Rep
rese
nta
tion
1)
Ab
ilit
y t
o
rela
te
and
ex
amin
e th
e st
ruct
ure
an
d
fun
ctio
n
of
rep
rodu
ctiv
e o
rgan
s, e
nte
r th
em i
n t
he
wo
rksh
eet
and
exp
lain
th
em.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d
Ski
lls
2)
Ab
ilit
y
to
un
der
stan
d
the
fun
ctio
n
of
the
fem
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
ans
(ovar
ies,
ovid
uct
s, w
om
b,
vag
ina)
.
Pre
sen
tati
on
10
min
s.
Pre
sen
t th
e fu
nct
ion
s o
f fe
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s
that
yo
u i
nves
tigat
ed a
nd
rec
ord
ed i
n y
ou
r w
ork
shee
t.
Let
tin
g
pu
pil
s dis
cuss
in
gro
up
s an
d
pre
sen
t a
sum
mar
y i
s ac
cep
tab
le.
Th
is w
ork
shee
t w
ill
be
use
d in
th
e n
ext
per
iod
as
wel
l to
co
mp
are
to
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s,
so
inst
ruct
th
e p
up
ils
to
bri
ng
the
wo
rksh
eets
n
ext
per
iod a
s w
ell.
Hav
ing t
hem
tu
rn t
hem
in
is
fin
e, a
s
this
wil
l al
low
yo
u t
o a
vo
id p
up
ils
forg
etti
ng t
hei
r
shee
ts i
n t
he
nex
t p
erio
d.
Per
iod
4:
Nam
es o
f M
ale
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s
Lea
rn
ing
flo
w a
nd
act
ivit
yT
each
ing
Hin
ts a
nd
Ad
vic
e
Intr
od
uct
ion
5 m
ins.
Fro
m
fem
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
ans,
w
e co
nti
nu
e
stu
dyin
g t
his
tim
e w
ith
th
e m
ale
bo
dy.
Aft
er d
iscu
ssin
g th
e d
iffe
ren
ces
in m
ale
and
fe
mal
e
bo
die
s, t
his
tim
e ad
vis
e th
e p
up
ils
in f
ind
ing o
ut
abo
ut
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
Ho
w d
o m
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
ans
dif
fer
fro
m f
emal
e
on
es?
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e org
ans.
(Eva
lua
tion
: In
tere
st
1)
To
wil
lin
gly
in
ves
tigat
e
qu
esti
on
s th
ey m
ay h
ave
wit
h t
hei
r in
tere
st i
n m
ale
and
fem
ale
bo
dil
y d
evel
op
men
t.
Qu
esti
on
sF
ind o
ut
the
nam
es o
f m
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
ans
and
rec
ord
th
em i
n t
he
wo
rksh
eet.
Inv
esti
gati
ve
Stu
dy
20
min
s.
Usi
ng t
he
mat
eria
ls p
rovid
ed,
fin
d o
ut
the
nam
es o
f
the
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s (p
enis
, u
reth
ra,
test
es,
scro
tum
an
d s
per
mat
ic d
uct
), a
nd r
eco
rd t
hem
in
yo
ur
wo
rksh
eet.
Th
e te
stes
(si
ngula
r te
stis
) p
rod
uce
sp
erm
.
(Ref
er t
o p
g. 4
3 r
ega
rdin
g w
ork
shee
t)
Gu
ide
the
pup
ils
in
con
firm
ing
the
nam
es
and
po
siti
on
s w
hil
e lo
okin
g
at
the
mat
eria
ls
and
textb
oo
k.
Hav
e th
em r
eco
rd t
hei
r fi
nd
ings
in t
he
wo
rksh
eet.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 3
) A
bil
ity t
o k
no
w
the
nam
es
of
the
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s (p
enis
,
ure
thra
, sc
rotu
m,
test
es a
nd
sp
erm
atic
du
ct).
Pre
sen
tati
on
10
min
s.
Pre
sen
t th
e n
ames
of
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e org
ans
that
yo
u i
nves
tigat
ed a
nd
rec
ord
ed i
n y
ou
r w
ork
shee
t.
Let
tin
g
pu
pil
s d
iscu
ss
in
gro
up
s an
d
pre
sen
t a
sum
mar
y i
s ac
cep
tab
le.
Inst
ruct
th
e p
up
ils
to
bri
ng
the
wo
rksh
eets
n
ext
per
iod
as
they
wil
l b
e u
sed
agai
n.
Hav
ing t
hem
tu
rn
them
in
is
fin
e, a
s th
is w
ill
allo
w y
ou
to a
vo
id p
upil
s
forg
etti
ng t
hei
r sh
eets
in
th
e n
ext
per
iod.
Per
iod
5:
Fu
nct
ion
of
Male
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s
Lea
rn
ing
flo
w a
nd
act
ivit
yT
each
ing
Hin
ts a
nd
Ad
vic
e
Rev
iew
Intr
od
uct
ion
5 m
ins.
Co
nfi
rm t
he
nam
es o
f th
e m
ale
rep
rodu
ctiv
e o
rgan
s
(pen
is,
ure
thra
, sc
rotu
m,
test
es a
nd
sp
erm
atic
du
ct)
that
yo
u f
ou
nd
ou
t in
th
e la
st p
erio
d.
Rec
hec
k t
he
nam
es u
sin
g t
he
wo
rksh
eet
fro
m t
he
last
per
iod.
Tel
l th
e ch
ild
ren
th
at i
n t
his
per
iod
yo
u w
ill
con
tinu
e
by
fin
din
g
ou
t th
e fu
nct
ion
s of
the
mal
e o
rgan
s
nam
ed a
nd
rec
ord
ing t
hem
.
Qu
esti
on
sF
ind o
ut
the
fun
ctio
ns
of
the
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s.
Sp
erm
ati
c D
uct
B
lad
der
Ure
thra
Fro
nt
Pro
state
G
lan
d
Rec
tum
Pen
is
Ep
idid
ym
is
Tes
ticl
e (T
esti
s)
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
Inv
esti
gati
ve
Stu
dy
20
min
s.
Usi
ng t
he
mat
eria
ls p
rovid
ed,
fin
d o
ut
the
fun
ctio
ns
of
the
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s (t
este
s,
sper
mat
ic
du
cts,
p
enis
, u
reth
ra
and
se
min
al
ves
icle
s),
and
reco
rd t
hem
in
yo
ur
wo
rksh
eet.
Gu
ide
the
pu
pil
s in
con
firm
ing t
he
fun
ctio
ns
wh
ile
loo
kin
g a
t th
e m
ater
ials
an
d t
extb
oo
k.
Hav
e th
em r
eco
rd t
hei
r fi
nd
ings
in t
he
wo
rksh
eet.
(Eva
lua
tion
: T
hin
kin
g a
nd
Rep
rese
nta
tion
1)
Ab
ilit
y t
o
rela
te
and
ex
amin
e th
e st
ruct
ure
an
d
fun
ctio
n
of
rep
rodu
ctiv
e o
rgan
s, en
ter
them
in
th
e w
ork
shee
t an
d
exp
lain
th
em.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d
Ski
lls
4)
Ab
ilit
y
to
un
der
stan
d t
he
fun
ctio
n o
f th
e m
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
ans
(tes
tes,
sp
erm
atic
d
uct
, p
enis
, u
reth
ra
and
se
min
al
ves
icle
s).
Pre
sen
tati
on
10
min
s.
Pre
sen
t th
e fu
nct
ion
s o
f m
ale
rep
rodu
ctiv
e o
rgan
s
that
yo
u i
nves
tigat
ed a
nd
rec
ord
ed i
n y
ou
r w
ork
shee
t.
Let
tin
g
pu
pil
s dis
cuss
in
gro
up
s an
d
pre
sen
t a
sum
mar
y i
s ac
cep
tab
le.
An
no
un
ce
that
th
ey
wil
l le
arn
abou
t b
od
ily
and
emo
tio
nal
ch
anges
du
rin
g
ado
lesc
ence
in
th
e n
ext
per
iod.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
[Wo
rksh
eet]
---
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
* T
o b
e u
sed
in
1st-3
rd P
erio
ds
Nam
es a
nd
Fu
nct
ion
s of
the
Fem
ale
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s
Da
te:
C
lass
:
N
am
e:
Fin
d o
ut
the
nam
es a
nd f
unct
ion
s of
the
fem
ale
rep
rodu
ctiv
e o
rgan
s an
d e
nte
r th
em b
elo
w.
Nu
mb
er
Na
me
Fu
nct
ion
1O
vu
m (
pl.
: ova
)T
he
fem
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
cell
. T
his
dev
elop
s in
to a
bab
y.
2O
vary
T
his
pro
du
ces
ova. P
rod
uce
s on
e ovu
m e
ver
y 2
8 d
ays.
3W
om
b
Wh
ere
the
ovu
m d
evel
op
s in
to a
bab
y.
4
Ute
rin
e L
inin
g
(Ute
rine
Muco
us
Mem
bra
ne)
Wh
ere
the
bab
y a
bso
rbs
nu
trie
nts
fro
m.
5V
agin
a
Wh
ere
the
bab
y
com
es
ou
t.
Als
o
kn
ow
n
as
the
bir
th
can
al.
6O
vid
uct
(Fall
op
ian
Tu
be)
T
ub
es w
hic
h m
ov
e th
e eg
gs
fro
m o
va
ry t
o t
he
wo
mb
.
* K
eep
th
is w
ork
shee
t fo
r th
e n
ext
cla
ss.
1 2
3
5
4
6
Fem
ale
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
[Wo
rksh
eet]
---
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
* T
o b
e u
sed
in
4th-5
th P
erio
ds
Nam
es a
nd
Fu
nct
ion
s of
the
Male
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s
Da
te:
Cla
ss:
N
am
e:
Fin
d o
ut
the
nam
es a
nd f
unct
ion
s of
the
mal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s an
d e
nte
r th
em b
elo
w.
Nu
mb
er
Nam
e F
un
ctio
n
1S
emin
al
Ves
icle
s W
her
e th
e li
qu
id s
per
m s
wim
in
is
pro
du
ced
.
2S
per
m
Th
e m
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
cell
s.
3T
esti
cles
or
Tes
tis
(pl.
:T
este
s)W
her
e sp
erm
are
pro
du
ced
.
4P
rost
ate
Gla
nd
W
her
e th
e li
qu
id f
rom
th
e se
min
al
ves
icle
s an
d s
per
m a
re
mix
ed t
o m
ak
e se
men
.
5P
enis
W
her
e sp
erm
are
in
trod
uce
d i
nto
th
e fe
ma
le b
od
y f
rom
.
6S
per
m D
uct
T
ub
es w
hic
h m
ove
sper
m f
rom
th
e te
stes
to t
he
ure
thra
.
* K
eep
th
is w
ork
shee
t fo
r th
e n
ext
cla
ss.
1 2 354
6
Ma
le R
epro
du
ctiv
e
Org
an
s
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
1st a
nd
2n
d S
ub
-Un
it R
evie
w T
est
* T
o b
e use
d a
t th
e en
d o
f 5
th P
erio
d
Cla
ss:
N
am
e:
En
ter
the
nam
es o
f th
e fe
mal
e an
d m
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
ans.
Num
ber
N
ame
Num
ber
N
ame
1S
per
m7
Sem
ina
l V
esic
les
2O
va
ry8
Sp
erm
Du
ct
3W
om
b
9S
per
m
4U
teri
ne
Lin
ing
(Ute
rine
Muco
us
Mem
bra
ne)
10
Tes
ticl
es o
r T
esti
s (p
l.:
Tes
tes)
5V
ag
ina
11
P
rost
ate
Gla
nd
6O
vid
uct
(F
all
op
ian
Tu
be)
1
2P
enis
1 2
3
5
4
7 9
10
11
12
6
8
Fem
ale
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s
Ma
le R
epro
du
ctiv
e
Org
an
s
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
Fin
al
Un
it E
va
lua
tio
n T
est
*D
one
at U
nit
End
Cla
ss:
Nam
e:
1. A
nsw
er t
he
foll
ow
ing q
ues
tio
ns
abo
ut
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
ans.
(i)
The
figu
re b
elo
w h
as c
ross
-sec
tio
n d
iagra
ms
of
mal
e an
d f
emal
e re
pro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s. G
ive
the
nam
es o
f it
ems
1 –
10 b
elow
usi
ng t
he
lett
ers
of
the
answ
ers
a.
- j.
bel
ow
th
e fi
gu
re.
a. V
agin
a b
. O
vu
m
c. S
emin
al V
esic
les
d.
Ovar
y
e.
Tes
tis
f. S
per
m
g.
Pro
stat
e G
lan
d
h.
Ute
rin
e L
inin
g(U
teri
ne
Mu
cous
Mem
bra
ne)
i.
Pen
is
j. W
om
b
1 (
g.
)
2 (
i.
) 3
( c.
)
4 (
f.)
5 (
e.
)
6 (
b.
) 7
( d
. )
8 (
j.
)
9 (
h.
) 1
0 (
a.
)
(ii)
Ab
ou
t h
ow
lo
ng i
s th
e cy
cle
on
wh
ich
th
e o
var
ies
pro
du
ce o
va?
(
28
da
ys
(ab
ou
t 1
mo
nth
))
(iii
) W
hat
is
it c
alle
d w
hen
yo
u e
jacu
late
in
yo
ur
slee
p w
hen
see
ing a
sex
ual
dre
am?
(W
et d
ream
)
(iv)
Wh
at i
s it
cal
led
when
a f
erti
lize
d e
gg m
oves
do
wn
th
e o
vid
uct
to
th
e w
om
b a
nd
sli
ps
into
the
ute
rin
e li
nin
g?
( Im
pla
nta
tio
n
)
(v)
Wh
at i
s th
e o
rgan
wh
ich
mo
ves
th
e eg
gs
fro
m o
var
y t
o t
he
wo
mb
cal
led?
(
O
vid
uct
(F
all
op
ian
Tu
be)
)
Ma
le R
ep
rod
uct
ive O
rga
ns
Fem
ale
Rep
rod
uct
ive O
rg
an
s
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
2.
En
ter
the
appro
pri
ate
word
s in
the
bla
nks
bel
ow
ab
ou
t ch
anges
fro
m a
do
lesc
ence
.
(i)
The
bo
dil
y c
han
ges
in
gir
ls a
nd
bo
ys
that
ap
pea
r d
uri
ng p
ub
erty
are
cal
led (
ph
ysi
cal
cha
ng
es).
Du
rin
g th
is p
erio
d,
repro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s b
egin
to
m
atu
re.
(O
va
) beg
in to
m
atu
re in
th
e
ovar
ies,
an
d (
sper
m
) ar
e pro
duce
d i
n t
he
test
es.
(ii)
Ch
anges
in
fee
lin
gs
and
beh
avio
ur
that
ap
pea
r du
ring p
ub
erty
are
cal
led
(
emo
tio
nal
cha
nges
).
(iii
)In
(i
i) ab
ove,
ch
emic
al su
bst
ance
s p
rodu
ced b
y th
e b
od
y ca
lled
(
ho
rmo
nes
)
bri
ng ab
out
chan
ges
in
yo
ur
(fe
elin
gs
) th
at y
ou
can
no
t ex
pla
in.
This
can
bri
ng a
bo
ut
feel
ings
of
ten
sion
bet
wee
n y
ou
ths
and
th
e peo
ple
aro
und
them
.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
Stu
den
t Q
ues
tio
nn
air
es
1.
Wh
at
kin
ds
of
stu
dy
ing h
av
e y
ou
do
ne
in t
he
past
fo
r th
e a
bov
e te
st p
rob
lem
s?
0.
No
ne
at a
ll
This
was
do
ne
10
% o
f th
e ti
me
for
all
pro
ble
ms.
1.
No
This
was
do
ne
30
% o
f th
e ti
me
for
all
pro
ble
ms.
2.
Aver
age
This
was
do
ne
50
% o
f th
e ti
me
for
all
pro
ble
ms.
3.
Yes
T
his
was
do
ne
70
% o
f th
e ti
me
for
all
pro
ble
ms.
4.
Ab
solu
tely
yes
T
his
was
do
ne
over
90%
of
the
tim
e fo
r al
l pro
ble
ms.
An
swer
ing
Qu
esti
on
s u
sin
g P
ictu
res
an
d D
iag
ram
s in
th
e T
extb
oo
k o
r Il
lust
rati
on
s D
raw
n o
n t
he
Bla
ckb
oard
1.
Th
e S
tud
ents
answ
ered
th
e q
ues
tio
ns
by w
alkin
g u
p t
o t
he
bo
ard
an
d d
raw
ing d
iagra
ms
or
wri
tin
g
word
s.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
Th
e te
ach
er a
sked
an
d a
nsw
ered
th
e qu
esti
on
s b
y d
raw
ing d
iagra
ms
or
wri
tin
g w
ord
s on
the
bo
ard
.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
Qu
esti
on
s w
ere
answ
ered
usi
ng p
ictu
res
and
dia
gra
ms
in t
he
tex
tbo
ok.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Exp
erim
ents
1.
Did
the
stu
den
ts c
on
duct
any e
xp
erim
ents
or
obse
rvat
ion
s?
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
Th
e te
ach
er c
on
du
cted
th
e ex
per
imen
ts.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4
.
3.
The
stu
den
ts c
on
du
cted
the
exp
erim
ents
by f
oll
ow
ing t
he
teac
her
’s i
nst
ruct
ions.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dis
cuss
ion
an
d T
hin
kin
g
4.
We
talk
ed w
ith
fri
end
s in
the
clas
s an
d t
ho
ugh
t ab
ou
t th
e p
roble
ms.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
We
tho
ugh
t ab
ou
t th
e p
rob
lem
s ca
refu
lly w
ith
fri
end
s an
d s
tate
d o
ur
idea
s lo
gic
ally
.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
6.
We
tho
ugh
t ab
ou
t th
e pro
ble
ms
care
full
y
wh
en
com
ing
up
w
ith
a
hyp
oth
esis
an
d
afte
r th
e
exp
erim
ent.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
Id
eas
7.
I w
as a
ble
to
un
der
stan
d n
ew i
dea
s.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
8.
I w
as a
ble
to
see
new
vie
wp
oin
t o
f lo
okin
g a
t an
d t
hin
kin
g a
bo
ut
scie
nce
.
0.
1.
2.
3
. 4
.
9.
I w
as a
ble
to
gra
sp t
he
pri
nci
ple
s hid
den
ben
eath
th
e fa
cts.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Kn
ow
led
ge
10
. I
was
ab
le t
o a
pp
ly t
he
new
kn
ow
led
ge
that
I l
earn
ed i
n s
cho
ol
in m
y d
aily
lif
e.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
11.
The
teac
her
has
ex
pla
ined
th
at t
he
new
kn
ow
led
ge
thin
gs
the
stu
den
ts a
re l
earn
ing i
n s
choo
l ar
e
con
nec
ted w
ith
act
ual
lif
e.
0.
1.
2.
3
. 4
.
12
. I
was
ab
le t
o l
earn
th
at t
he
new
pri
nci
ple
s an
d v
iew
po
ints
to
war
d s
cien
ce c
an b
e ap
pli
ed t
o a
var
iety
of
dif
fere
nt
phen
om
ena.
0.
1.
2.
3
. 4
.
Pu
rsu
ing K
now
led
ge
thro
ugh
Pro
ble
m S
olv
ing
13
. W
e w
ere
firs
t giv
en a
pro
ble
m a
nd
th
en w
ere
to s
olv
e th
at p
roble
m.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
14
. W
e m
ade
pre
dic
tion
s, p
ut
then
to
th
e te
st,
form
ula
te s
cien
tifi
c ex
pla
nat
ion
s, a
nd p
ut
them
to
pra
ctic
al
use
.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
15
. T
he
stu
den
ts w
ere
asked
to v
erif
y t
hro
ugh
th
e ex
per
imen
t th
at t
hey
had
cre
ated
a h
yp
oth
esis
as
wel
l
as a
pla
n f
or
the
ob
serv
atio
n.
0.
1.
2.
3
.
4.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
2.
Wh
en y
ou
lea
rned
ea
ch u
nit
fo
r th
e a
bo
ve
test
pro
ble
ms,
did
yo
u b
ecom
e in
tere
sted
in
th
e
ma
teri
al?
0.
No
ne
at a
ll
This
was
tru
e 1
0%
of
the
tim
e fo
r al
l p
rob
lem
s.
1.
No
This
was
tru
e 3
0%
of
the
tim
e fo
r al
l p
rob
lem
s.
2.
Aver
age
This
was
tru
e 5
0%
of
the
tim
e fo
r al
l p
rob
lem
s.
3.
Yes
T
his
was
tru
e 7
0%
of
the
tim
e fo
r al
l p
rob
lem
s.
4.
Ab
solu
tely
yes
T
his
was
tru
e o
ver
90
% o
f th
e ti
me
for
all
pro
ble
ms.
Inte
rest
an
d M
oti
va
tio
n
1.
I w
as v
ery i
nte
rest
ed i
n s
cien
ce l
esso
ns.
0.
1.
2
.
3.
4
.
2.
I b
ecam
e m
ore
moti
vat
ed t
o l
earn
.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
I w
as i
nte
rest
ed i
n w
hat
we
wer
e le
arn
ing f
rom
sta
rt t
o f
inis
h.
0.
1.
2
.
3.
4
.
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
an
d I
nv
olv
emen
t
4.
I w
as a
ctiv
ely e
ngag
ed i
n l
earn
ing t
he
top
ic.
0.
1.
2
.
3.
4
.
5.
I en
joyed
lea
rnin
g t
he
topic
so
much
I l
ost
tra
ck o
f ti
me.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
6.
I w
as v
ery f
ocu
sed
on l
earn
ing t
op
ic m
ater
ial
but
at t
he
sam
e ti
me,
I w
as a
lso
ver
y e
xci
ted
an
d
enjo
yed
myse
lf.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
Coop
erati
on
an
d C
oll
ab
ora
tion
7.
I en
joyed
th
e le
arnin
g p
roce
ss w
hil
e co
llab
ora
tin
g w
ith
fri
ends.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
8.
I w
as a
ble
to
lea
rn t
hro
ugh
co
op
erat
ion
an
d m
utu
al s
upp
ort
wit
h m
y f
rien
ds.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
9.
I sh
ared
my e
xp
erim
ents
and
id
eas
wit
h m
y f
rien
ds
and w
e al
l h
ad a
fun
tim
e le
arnin
g t
oget
her
.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
Lev
el o
f E
arn
estn
ess
an
d E
njo
ym
ent
du
rin
g E
xp
erim
ents
10
. T
he
exper
imen
ts w
ere
ver
y e
njo
yab
le.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
11
. S
ince
ex
per
imen
ts n
eed
fiv
e se
nse
s, I
car
efu
lly m
oved
my h
and
s an
d e
yes
wh
en c
oll
ecti
ng t
he
dat
a.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
12
. D
uri
ng t
he
exp
erim
ents
, I
reco
rded
my o
bse
rvat
ions
accu
rate
ly a
nd
car
efu
lly.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
Sp
irit
of
Inq
uir
y
13
. I
began
to
hav
e m
ore
an
inquir
ing m
ind
to
war
d n
ew d
isco
ver
ies.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
14
.I
bec
ame
ver
y e
xci
ted a
nd
curi
ou
s ab
ou
t ch
alle
ngin
g t
he
un
kn
ow
n.
0.
1.
2
.
3.
4
.
15
. I
mad
e a
stro
ng e
ffo
rt t
o l
earn
wh
at i
s kn
ow
n b
y t
ryin
g t
o f
ind
exam
ple
s, d
raw
ing i
llu
stra
tio
ns,
an
d
thro
ugh
dis
cuss
ion
s an
d e
xp
erim
ents
.
0.
1.
2
.
3.
4
.
Lo
gic
an
d O
bje
ctiv
ity
16
. I
atte
mp
ted
to
fin
d p
len
ty o
f ev
iden
ce a
nd
fac
ts t
o c
hec
k w
het
her
my h
yp
oth
esis
hel
d t
rue.
0.
1
. 2
.
3.
4.
17
. I
was
ab
le t
o c
on
firm
th
at t
he
pri
nci
ple
s an
d c
once
pts
wer
e tr
ue
by a
pp
lyin
g t
hem
to
act
ual
lif
e.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
18
. T
he
expla
nat
ion
s w
ere
ver
y c
on
vin
cin
g a
nd
eas
y t
o u
nd
erst
and
for
the
enti
re c
lass
. I
was
ver
y
sati
sfie
d w
ith t
he
inte
rpre
tati
ons
whic
h w
ere
logic
al a
nd
acc
ord
ed w
ith t
he
tru
th.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
Ap
pen
dix
Na
mes
of
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Org
an
s
Fem
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
org
an
s
Ma
le r
epro
du
ctiv
e o
rga
ns
Ov
ary
Wom
b
Corp
us
Lu
teu
m
Ov
idu
ct
Ov
um
(E
gg)
Fro
nt
Sem
ina
l V
esic
le
Uri
na
ryB
lad
der
Pen
is
Ep
idid
ym
is
Tes
ticl
es (
Tes
tes)
Pro
state
G
lan
d
Rec
tum
Ure
thra
(Fa
llo
pia
n T
ub
e)
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
Ap
pen
dix
* t
o b
e u
sed
in
1st-5
th P
erio
ds
Men
stru
ati
on
(p
erio
ds)
an
d E
jacu
lati
on
To
kyo S
ho
seki
JH
S
Hea
lth
Ed
uca
tio
n,
20
07
Ed
. (p
.11
)
Men
stru
ati
on
(p
erio
ds)
an
d E
jacu
lati
on
Wh
en g
irls
rea
ch p
ub
erty
thei
r o
var
ies
dev
elo
p,
and
a m
atu
re o
vu
m
is l
et o
ut
of
the
ovar
y a
t a
per
iod o
f ab
out
once
ever
y 2
5-3
6 d
ays.
This
p
roce
ss is
ca
lled
o
vu
lati
on
, an
d it
is
d
uri
ng th
is p
erio
d t
hat
pre
gn
ancy
is
po
ssib
le.
If t
he
ovu
m i
s n
ot
fert
ilis
ed,
the
thic
ken
ed
po
rtio
n o
f th
e ute
rine
lin
ing c
om
es o
ff a
nd
is
evac
uat
ed o
uts
ide
the
bo
dy a
lon
g w
ith
blo
od
. T
his
pro
cess
is
call
ed m
enst
ruat
ion
(p
erio
ds)
.
Als
o f
or
bo
ys,
th
eir
test
es d
evel
op
an
d s
per
m a
re a
ctiv
ely p
rod
uce
d
wit
hin
th
em.
Wh
en
sem
en
fill
ed
wit
h
sper
m
pas
sed
th
rou
gh
th
e
ure
thra
an
d a
re e
xp
elle
d f
rom
th
e b
od
y, t
his
is
call
ed e
jacu
lati
on
.
The
firs
t m
enst
ruat
ion
(p
erio
ds)
an
d e
jacu
lati
on a
re k
no
wn
as
the
firs
t m
enst
ruat
ion
(per
iod
s) (
per
iod
) an
d w
et d
ream
s. T
he
age
for
on
set
of
firs
t m
enst
ruat
ion (
per
iod
s) i
n g
irls
an
d f
irst
eja
cula
tio
n i
n
bo
ys
wil
l d
iffe
r b
etw
een
ind
ivid
ual
s.
Mo
vem
ent
of
Sp
erm
PL
US
Men
stru
ati
on
Per
iod
s
Ref
ers
to t
he
per
iod
fro
m t
he
day
men
stru
ati
on b
egin
s to
the
day
b
efo
re t
he
next
men
stru
atio
n
b
egin
s. T
his
is
usu
ally
bet
wee
n 2
6
–
30
day
s.
Inte
rnal
Sec
reti
on –
P. 1
32
Fig
ure
: F
emale
Rep
rod
uct
ive
Sy
stem
an
d M
enst
ruati
on
Pro
cess
Va
gin
a
Ov
um
(E
gg
)
Ov
idu
ct
(F
all
op
ian
Tu
be)
Wo
mb
Ov
ary
Th
e o
vu
m b
egin
s to
gro
w a
nd
th
e u
teri
le
li
nin
g b
egin
s to
thic
ken
.
Th
e o
vu
m l
eaves
th
e
ovar
y (
ovu
lati
on
)
and
is
sen
t to
th
e
wo
mb
via
th
e o
vid
uct
.
Th
e u
teri
le l
inin
g
get
s ev
en t
hic
ker
,
mak
ing i
t ea
sier
fo
r
the
ovu
m t
o s
ettl
e.
If t
he
ovu
m i
sn’t
fert
ilis
ed,
the
ute
rile
lin
ing c
om
es o
ff a
nd
the
bo
dy.
is
evac
uat
ed f
rom
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
Ap
pen
dix
* t
o b
e u
sed
in
6th-8
th P
erio
ds
Gro
wth
an
d D
evel
op
men
t in
Pu
ber
ty
To
kyo S
ho
seki
JH
S H
ealt
h E
du
cati
on, 20
07
Ed.
(p.7
)
Gro
wth
an
d D
evel
op
men
t of
Org
an
s d
uri
ng
Pu
ber
ty
Ou
r b
od
ies
gro
w
and
dev
elo
p
wit
h
age
as
they
ar
e in
flu
ence
d
by
exp
erie
nce
fro
m t
he
var
ious
exer
cise
s an
d a
ctiv
itie
s w
e d
o.
Th
ere
are
two
p
erio
ds
bef
ore
ad
ult
ho
od
in
w
hic
h ou
r m
usc
les,
lu
ngs,
hea
rt,
and
m
ost
o
rgan
s ex
per
ien
ce
rapid
gro
wth
, an
d
aro
un
d
mid
dle
sch
ool
age
is e
xac
tly w
her
e th
e se
con
d o
f th
ese
per
iod
s, w
hic
h i
s ca
lled
pu
ber
ty .
Du
rin
g
pu
ber
ty,
repro
du
ctiv
e o
rgan
s su
ch
as
the
ovar
ies
and
te
stes
dev
elo
p
rap
idly
d
ue
to
go
nad
otr
opic
h
orm
on
es.
This
m
akes
b
od
ily
chan
ges
an
d
mal
e or
fem
ale
char
acte
rist
ics
not
seen
b
efore
*
bec
om
e
clea
rly v
isib
le.
Due
to t
hes
e h
orm
on
es,
the
pre
par
atio
ns
to g
row
in
to a
n
adu
lt
are
fin
ally
b
egin
nin
g
as
thes
e m
ale
and
fem
ale
char
acte
rist
ics
bec
om
e m
ore
def
ined
.
Gro
wth
an
d D
evel
op
men
t in
Pu
ber
ty
Du
rin
g t
he
per
iod
of
tran
siti
on
fro
m c
hil
dh
oo
d t
o a
du
ltho
od
, kn
ow
n a
s
pu
ber
ty,
hei
gh
t an
d w
eigh
t w
ill
rap
idly
in
crea
se w
ith
in
fluen
ce b
y g
row
th
and
sex
ho
rmo
nes
*.
Th
is c
orr
esp
on
ds
wit
h t
he
seco
nd
per
iod
of
rapid
gro
wth
in
ou
r li
ves
. G
irls
en
ter
pu
ber
ty a
n a
ver
age
of
2 y
ears
ear
lier
th
an
bo
ys,
an
d a
lso
fin
ish
th
eir
gro
wth
ear
lier
th
an b
oys
do
.
PL
US
* S
uch
ch
arac
teri
stic
s ar
e re
ferr
ed t
o a
s se
con
da
ryse
xua
l ch
ara
cter
isti
cs.
* R
efer
to
p. 11
on s
ex
h
orm
on
es.
Gro
wth
Horm
on
esT
her
e is
a s
ub
stan
ce t
hat
co
mes
gla
nd
th
at w
ork
s to
acc
eler
ate
gro
wth
.
ches
t ca
lled
th
e pit
uit
ary
fro
m a
pla
ce i
n y
ou
r
Dif
fere
nce
s in
In
div
idu
als
an
d S
exes
for
Gro
wth
an
d D
evel
op
men
t (h
eigh
t ex
am
ple
)
* P
ub
erty
– s
ee p
g.
132
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y6
th g
rad
e
Ap
pen
dix
Ex
amp
les
of
asse
ssm
ent
ques
tio
ns
whic
h i
s u
sed
in
Ken
yan
tex
t b
oo
ks
(M
acm
illa
n;
Mac
mil
lan
Pri
mar
y S
cien
ce,
Pu
pil
’s b
ook 6
P.7
(M
acm
illa
n;
Mac
mil
lan
Pri
mar
y S
cien
ce,
Pu
pil
’s b
ook 6
P.8
(Ox
ford
; S
cien
ce i
n A
ctio
n 6
P.6
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
7th
Gra
de:
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y
(Th
e C
ircu
lato
ry S
yst
em)
Ra
tio
na
l o
f th
is u
nit
In p
lants
, w
ater
and n
utr
ients
dra
wn u
p f
rom
the
root
go a
long a
conduit
, th
en t
he
nutr
imen
ts g
o a
long t
he
phlo
em b
undle
and a
re c
arri
ed t
o t
he
var
ious
par
ts o
f th
e pla
nt.
In a
nim
als,
how
ever
, ox
ygen
tak
en i
n f
rom
bre
athin
g a
nd n
utr
imen
ts a
bso
rbed
fro
m f
oods
are
carr
ied t
o t
he
enti
re b
ody b
y t
he
blo
od.
Als
o,
in c
ases
wher
e
mu
ch b
lood h
as b
een l
ost
du
e to
inju
ry o
r oth
er c
ause
s, i
t ca
n b
e a
life
-thre
aten
ing a
ffai
r. S
o j
ust
how
does
blo
od,
wh
ich p
lays
such
an i
mport
ant
role
in a
nim
als,
cir
cula
te t
hro
ugh t
he
body?
And h
ow
does
it
wo
rk t
o
mai
nta
in l
ife?
In t
his
unit
, our
goal
is
to u
nder
stan
d t
hat
blo
od c
ircu
lati
on m
ainta
ins
life
wh
ile
bei
ng i
nte
rconnec
ted w
ith t
he
var
ious
org
ans
of
the
bod
y, a
nd t
o r
eali
ze t
he
sple
ndour
that
mak
es t
he
hum
an b
ody w
ork
. W
e sh
all
hav
e th
e
pupil
s obse
rve
and f
eel
the
circ
ula
tion o
f blo
od t
o r
eali
ze i
ts m
agnif
icen
ce.
We
expec
t th
at
by
reth
inkin
g
how
th
e co
mm
on
mak
ings
of
the
hum
an
body
work
, pupil
s w
ill
dee
pen
under
stan
din
g o
f th
eir
ow
n b
odie
s an
d m
ake
use
of
this
know
ledge
in l
eadin
g h
ealt
hy l
ifes
tyle
s day
to d
ay.
Ob
ject
ives
: w
hat
pu
pil
s are
exp
ecte
d t
o a
chie
ve
in t
his
un
it
Under
stan
d t
hat
ther
e is
a s
yst
em o
f tr
ansp
ort
ing s
ubst
ance
s in
anim
al's
bodie
s th
rough o
bse
rvat
ion o
f th
e
com
ponen
ts a
nd c
ircu
lati
on o
f blo
od.
Under
stan
d t
hat
flo
win
g b
lood h
as d
iffe
rent
char
acte
rist
ics
thro
ugh v
ario
us
obse
rvat
ions
and e
xper
ience
s
wit
h t
he
types
of
blo
od v
esse
ls a
nd t
hei
r fu
nct
ions.
Under
stan
d t
he
funct
ions
of
the
hea
rt a
nd t
he
route
of
blo
od c
ircu
lati
on, co
nce
ntr
atin
g o
n t
he
hum
an b
ody.
Inte
rrel
ati
on
of
co
nte
nts
of
each
gra
de
* T
he
ord
er b
elow
is
as
show
n i
n t
he
syll
abus.
Gra
de
Wh
at
to t
each
(H
um
an
Bod
y)
1st
Gra
de
Exte
rior
par
ts o
f th
e hum
an b
ody –
hea
d (
eyes
, ea
rs,
nose
, hai
r, m
outh
), n
eck,
ches
t, a
rms
(han
ds,
elb
ow
s, f
inger
s, n
ails
), l
egs
(knee
s, f
eet,
toes
, to
enai
ls))
2nd G
rade
The
five
sense
s – s
mel
l, t
aste
, to
uch
, si
ght
and h
eari
ng
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Usi
ng s
enso
ry o
rgan
s
3rd
Gra
de
Sig
ht
– e
yes
ight
and f
ar, cl
ose
, big
, an
d s
mal
l obje
cts
Usi
ng p
roper
body l
anguag
e fo
r your
com
munit
y i
ncl
udin
g f
acia
l ex
pre
ssio
n
and h
and s
ignal
s
4th
Gra
de
Types
of
teet
h –
inci
sors
, ca
nin
es, pre
mola
rs a
nd m
ola
rs
The
funct
ion o
f dif
fere
nt
tooth
types
Dev
elopm
ent
of
teet
h (
losi
ng b
aby t
eeth
, er
upti
on o
f per
man
ent
teet
h)
5th
Gra
de
Res
pir
atory
syst
em n
ames
– n
ose
, tr
achea
, bro
nch
i, l
ungs,
dia
phra
gm
Funct
ion o
f th
e re
spir
atory
syst
em –
nose
, tr
achea
, lu
ngs,
dia
phra
gm
Dig
esti
ve
syst
em nam
es – m
outh
(t
eeth
an
d to
ngue)
, oes
ophag
us,
st
om
ach,
smal
l in
test
ine,
liv
er,
pan
crea
s, c
olo
n, re
ctum
, an
us
Funct
ion o
f th
e dig
esti
ve
syst
em –
tee
th,
oes
ophag
us,
sto
mac
h,
smal
l in
test
ine,
colo
n
6th
Gra
de
Org
ans
of
the
repro
duct
ive
syst
em -
fem
ale
(ovar
ies,
ovid
uct
s, w
om
b,
vag
ina)
and m
ale
(tes
tes,
ure
thra
, pen
is)
Var
ious
funct
ions
of
the
repro
duct
ive
syst
em
Adole
scen
t ch
anges
– b
odil
y c
han
ges
, m
ale
and f
emal
e
7th
Gra
de
(This
unit
)
Org
ans
of
the
circ
ula
tory
syst
em –
hea
rt, blo
od, blo
od v
esse
ls
Com
ponen
ts a
nd f
unct
ion o
f blo
od –
pla
sma,
red
blo
od c
ells
, w
hit
e blo
od c
ells
,
pla
tele
ts
Types
and f
unct
ion o
f blo
od v
esse
ls –
art
erie
s, v
eins,
cap
illa
ries
Str
uct
ure
and f
unct
ion o
f th
e hea
rt –
atri
al a
uri
cle
(atr
ium
s),
ven
tric
les,
blo
od
ves
sels
(ao
rta,
ven
a ca
va,
pulm
onar
y v
ein, pulm
onar
y a
rter
y)
8th
Gra
de
Fer
tili
sati
on
Foet
al d
evel
op
men
t – z
ygote
, em
bry
o, fo
etus
The
pro
cess
of
bir
th
Excr
etory
org
ans
and w
aste
pro
duct
s – s
kin
(ep
ider
mis
, der
mis
, sw
eat
gla
nds,
swea
t as
a w
aste
pro
duct
), l
ungs
(nose
, tr
achea
, an
d c
arbon d
ioxid
e as
a w
aste
pro
duct
), k
idney
s (k
idney
's a
ppea
rance
, ure
thra
, bla
dder
, w
aste
pro
duct
s fr
om
the
ure
thra
as
uri
ne
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Bef
ore
sta
rtin
g t
his
un
it
Cu
rren
t le
arn
ing s
tatu
s of
the
pu
pil
s
Reg
ardin
g t
he
hum
an b
ody,
7th g
rade
pupil
s hav
e al
read
y l
earn
ed t
he
org
ans
of
the
resp
irat
ory
syst
em,
dig
esti
ve
syst
em a
nd r
epro
duct
ive
syst
em a
nd t
hei
r fu
nct
ions.
Thro
ugh t
hes
e st
udie
s th
ey u
nder
stan
d t
hat
the
hum
an b
ody
lives
by t
akin
g i
n o
xyg
en a
nd n
utr
imen
ts,
and t
hat
blo
od i
s re
late
d t
o t
he
funct
ion o
f th
ese
org
ans.
Ho
wev
er,
ther
e ar
e so
me
studen
ts t
hat
per
ceiv
e blo
od t
o b
e a
unif
orm
ly r
ed l
iquid
or
thin
k t
hat
ther
e ar
e a
mu
ltit
ude
of
blo
od v
esse
ls g
oin
g o
ut
from
the
hea
rt t
o t
he
enti
re b
ody.
Ther
efore
, w
e sh
all
mak
e pupil
s th
ink a
bout
the
role
of
blo
od a
nd t
he
funct
ion o
f org
ans
rela
ted t
o c
ircu
lati
on b
y o
bse
rvin
g t
he
mai
n e
lem
ents
of
blo
od a
nd v
iew
ing
imag
es o
f it
s fl
ow
.
Pre
para
tory
Note
s
Try
to g
ive
the
pupil
s am
ple
chan
ce t
o e
xper
ience
the
flow
of
blo
od o
ne
by o
ne
thro
ugh s
ight
and t
ouch
.
Act
ivel
y i
ntr
oduce
act
ivit
ies
such
as
mak
ing p
atte
rn d
iagra
ms
and m
odel
s to
let
the
pupil
s re
aliz
e th
at t
he
role
of
the
circ
ula
tory
syst
em i
s re
late
d t
o t
he
var
ious
org
ans
of
the
body a
nd i
nfl
uen
ces
the
enti
re h
um
an
body.
Ob
ject
ives
to
be
ach
iev
ed b
y c
om
pete
ncy
Inte
rest
, m
oti
vati
on
, an
d a
ttit
ud
e
1.
Tak
e an
inte
rest
in t
he
circ
ula
tion o
f blo
od a
nd a
mbit
iousl
y i
nves
tigat
e th
e as
pec
ts o
f blo
od f
low
.
2.
Tak
e an
inte
rest
in h
ow
the
circ
ula
tion o
f blo
od c
arri
es t
he
oxygen
and n
utr
imen
ts n
eeded
for
hum
an
acti
vit
y a
nd t
he
unnee
ded
subst
ance
s re
sult
ing f
rom
those
act
ivit
ies,
and w
ilfu
lly c
onsi
der
the
import
ance
of
blo
od c
ircu
lati
on.
Sci
enti
fic
thin
kin
g a
nd
com
mu
nic
ati
on
act
ivit
ies
1.
Ab
ilit
y t
o d
educe
fro
m o
bse
rvin
g b
lood t
hat
it
has
a l
iquid
com
ponen
t an
d b
lood c
ells
.
2.
Ab
ilit
y to
ded
uce
th
e var
ious
char
acte
rist
ics
of
blo
od fr
om
th
e ci
rcuit
of
lung ci
rcula
tion an
d body
circ
ula
tion.
3.
Ab
ilit
y t
o c
onsi
der
blo
od f
low
rel
atin
g t
o o
ne’
s ow
n h
eart
bea
t an
d p
uls
e.
4.
Abil
ity t
o s
um
mar
ize
the
stat
e of
hum
an b
lood c
ircu
lati
on i
n a
pat
tern
dia
gra
m j
oin
ing l
ung c
ircu
lati
on a
nd
body c
ircu
lati
on.
Kn
ow
led
ge,
un
der
stan
din
g, an
d s
kil
ls i
n o
bse
rvati
on
an
d e
xp
erim
enta
tion
1.
Under
stan
din
g t
he
mea
nin
g o
f blo
od c
ircu
lati
on a
nd a
bil
ity t
o g
ive
exam
ple
s of
nam
es o
f th
e var
ious
org
ans
of
the
circ
ula
tory
syst
em a
nd e
xpla
in.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
2.
Ab
ilit
y t
o o
bse
rve
capil
lari
es a
nd t
he
blo
od c
ells
that
flo
w t
hro
ugh t
hem
.
3.
Abil
ity t
o e
xpla
in t
hat
blo
od i
s m
ade
up o
f pla
sma
and b
lood c
ells
such
as
red b
lood c
ells
, w
hit
e blo
od c
ells
and p
late
lets
, an
d a
lso t
he
funct
ions
of
each
of
thes
e co
mponen
ts.
4.
Abil
ity t
o e
xpla
in t
hat
blo
od h
as t
he
funct
ion o
f ca
rryin
g t
he
oxygen
and n
utr
imen
ts n
eeded
by t
he
body a
s
wel
l as
car
ryin
g u
nnee
ded
subst
ance
s.
5.
Ab
ilit
y t
o o
bse
rve
that
ther
e ar
e var
ious
thic
knes
ses
in b
lood v
esse
ls c
over
ing t
he
enti
re b
ody,
bec
om
ing
capil
lari
es a
t th
e ex
trem
e fr
inges
of
the
body.
6.
Abil
ity t
o e
xpla
in t
hat
wit
hin
blo
od v
esse
ls t
her
e ar
e ar
teri
es,
vei
ns
and c
apil
lari
es,
and t
hat
ther
e is
a
rela
tion b
etw
een c
har
acte
rist
ics
of
the
var
ious
blo
od v
esse
ls a
nd b
lood c
ircu
lati
on.
7.
Ab
ilit
y t
o i
nves
tigat
e th
e ch
ange
to h
eart
bea
t an
d p
uls
e w
hen
doin
g e
xer
cise
.
8.
Abil
ity t
o o
bse
rve
that
the
hea
rt i
s m
ade
up o
f th
ick m
usc
le s
o t
hat
it
can s
end b
lood o
ut
to t
he
enti
re b
ody.
9.
Abil
ity t
o e
xpla
in t
hat
the
hea
rt i
s m
ade
up o
f fo
ur
cham
ber
s in
the
right
ven
tric
le,
right
atri
um
, le
ft
ven
tric
le,
left
atr
ium
, an
d a
lso t
hat
the
hea
rt f
unct
ions
as a
pum
p t
o c
ircu
late
blo
od t
hro
ughout
the
enti
re
body.
Idea
s b
ehin
d t
he
stru
ctu
rin
g t
he
un
it
The
hum
an b
ody i
s ex
trem
ely f
amil
iar
to u
s al
l, b
ut
we
cannot
actu
ally
obse
rve
it f
rom
the
insi
de.
For
this
reas
on,
we
wil
l tr
y t
o a
dvan
ce s
tudie
s by o
bse
rvin
g o
ther
anim
als,
rea
lisa
tion t
hro
ugh e
xper
ience
, an
d u
tili
sati
on
of
audio
-vis
ual
mat
eria
ls a
nd d
iagra
ms.
Upon l
earn
ing t
he
nam
es a
nd f
unct
ions
of
the
var
ious
org
ans
of
the
circ
ula
tory
syst
em,
we
expan
d t
o g
rasp
ing
how
blo
od c
ircu
lati
on c
onnec
ts t
he
org
ans
of
the
hum
an b
ody a
nd m
ainta
ins
life
. V
isual
ly a
rran
gin
g b
lood
circ
ula
tion i
n a
pat
tern
dia
gra
m m
akes
it
easi
er t
o g
rasp
the
circ
ula
tion o
f blo
od.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Un
it t
each
ing
pla
n
(14 p
erio
ds
+ 2
per
iod
s fo
r th
e F
inal
Un
it E
valu
ati
on
Tes
t)
* T
he
num
eric
val
ue
in p
aren
thes
es r
epre
sents
the
corr
espondin
g p
erio
d (
e.g. 1)
mea
ns
the
firs
t per
iod).
*(E
valu
ati
on:
Know
ledge
and S
kill
s 1),
(E
valu
ati
on:
Inte
rest
1),
etc
. in
dic
ate
the
poin
ts a
t w
hic
h t
each
ers
can
chec
k w
het
her
the
pupil
s hav
e at
tain
ed t
he
goal
s sp
ecif
ied i
n t
he
sect
ion O
bje
ctiv
es b
ase
d o
n t
he
view
poin
t.
Su
b-U
nit
Des
crip
tio
n
1. B
lood
Cir
cula
tio
n a
nd
th
e
Cir
cula
tory
Sy
stem
(2 p
erio
ds)
1-2
) O
bse
rve
par
ts o
f th
e b
od
y w
her
e yo
u c
an s
ee t
he
flo
w o
f b
lood
, an
d k
no
w t
he
mea
nin
g o
f
blo
od
cir
cula
tio
n.
Kno
w t
he
nam
es a
nd
maj
or
role
s o
f th
e o
rgan
s o
f th
e ci
rcu
lato
ry
syst
em.
Org
ans
of
the
circ
ula
tory
syst
em
hea
rt,
blo
od
, b
lood
ves
sels
(Eva
lua
tion
: In
tere
st 1
, K
no
wle
dge
an
d S
kill
s 1
)
Inte
rmed
iate
Rev
iew
(No
tim
e al
lott
ed)
Giv
e th
e “1
stS
ub
-Un
it R
evie
w T
est”
.
(Ho
mew
ork
can
be
giv
en d
epen
din
g o
n t
he
pro
gre
ss o
f th
e cl
ass.
)
2. T
he
Co
mp
on
en
ts a
nd
Fu
nct
ion
of
Blo
od
(4 p
erio
ds)
3-4
) K
no
w t
hat
blo
od h
as a
liq
uid
co
mp
on
ent
and b
loo
d c
ells
by o
bse
rvin
g a
ctu
al b
lood
flo
w
and
ch
eckin
g w
ith
vis
ual
mat
eria
ls.
Kn
ow
th
e m
ain
ele
men
ts o
f b
loo
d.
Mai
n e
lem
ents
of
blo
od
– p
lasm
a, r
ed b
lood
cel
ls,
wh
ite
blo
od
cel
ls,
pla
tele
ts
(Eva
lua
tion
: T
hin
king
and
Rep
rese
nta
tio
n 1
, K
no
wle
dg
e a
nd
Ski
lls
2)
5-6
) In
ves
tigat
e th
e p
rop
erti
es a
nd
fu
nct
ion o
f b
loo
d’s
ele
men
ts.
Kn
ow
th
at b
lood f
un
ctio
ns
to
carr
y o
xygen
an
d n
utr
ien
ts n
eeded
to e
ven
th
e fu
rth
est
reac
hes
of
the
bo
dy,
an
d a
lso
carr
ies
the
bo
dy’s
unn
eed
ed s
ub
stan
ces
to t
he
org
ans
that
exp
el t
hem
ou
t o
f th
e bo
dy.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 3
, K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 4
)
Inte
rmed
iate
Rev
iew
(No
tim
e al
lott
ed)
Giv
e th
e “2
nd
Su
b-U
nit
Rev
iew
Tes
t”.
(Ho
mew
ork
can
be
giv
en d
epen
din
g o
n t
he
pro
gre
ss o
f th
e cl
ass.
)
3.
Ty
pes
an
d F
un
ctio
ns
of
Blo
od
Ves
sels
(3 p
erio
ds)
7-8
) K
no
w t
hat
wit
hin
blo
od
ves
sels
th
ere
are
arte
ries
, v
ein
s an
d c
apil
lari
es,
and
th
at t
he
blo
od t
hat
flo
ws
thro
ugh t
hem
has
dif
fere
nt
char
acte
rist
ics.
Als
o,
ob
serv
e ca
pil
lari
es i
n a
pie
ce
of
mea
t al
on
g
wit
h
the
aort
a an
d
ven
a ca
va
of
an
anim
al
and
con
firm
th
eir
char
acte
rist
ics.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 5
)
9)
Inves
tigat
e th
e ty
pes
an
d c
har
acte
rist
ics
of
blo
od
ves
sels
an
d t
hei
r co
nn
ecti
on
wit
h b
loo
d
circ
ula
tio
n.
Kn
ow
th
at w
ith
in b
loo
d c
ircu
lati
on
th
ere
is p
ulm
on
ary c
ircu
lati
on
an
d m
ain
circ
ula
tio
n,
and
abo
ut
the
char
acte
rist
ics
of
the
blo
od
th
at f
low
s th
rou
gh
th
e p
ulm
on
ary a
nd
mai
n r
ou
tes.
(Eva
lua
tion
: T
hin
king
and
Rep
rese
nta
tio
n 2
, K
no
wle
dg
e a
nd
Ski
lls
6)
Inte
rmed
iate
Rev
iew
G
ive
the
“3rd
Su
b-U
nit
Revie
w T
est.
”
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
(No
tim
e al
lott
ed)
(Ho
mew
ork
can
be
giv
en d
epen
din
g o
n t
he
pro
gre
ss o
f th
e cl
ass.
)
4.
Str
uct
ure
an
d F
un
ctio
n o
f th
e
Hea
rt
(3 p
erio
ds)
10
) U
nd
erst
and
by m
easu
rin
g p
uls
e th
at b
loo
d i
s se
nt
thro
ugh
ou
t th
e en
tire
bod
y, a
nd
kn
ow
that
pu
lse
rate
get
s fa
ster
wh
en y
ou
exer
cise
.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 7
)
11
-12
) E
xp
erie
nce
wh
ere
and
how
th
e h
eart
sen
ds
blo
od
th
rou
gho
ut
the
bod
y t
hro
ugh
hea
rt
bea
t an
d p
uls
e, a
nd
th
ink a
bou
t th
e st
ruct
ure
an
d r
ole
of
the
hea
rt.
Str
uct
ure
of
the
hu
man
hea
rt
4ch
amb
ers:
rig
ht
ven
tric
le,
righ
t at
riu
m,
left
ven
tric
le,
left
atri
um
Ro
le o
f th
e hu
man
hea
rt
act
s as
a p
um
p t
o c
ircu
late
blo
od
(Eva
lua
tion
: T
hin
king
and
Rep
rese
nta
tio
n 3
, K
no
wle
dg
e a
nd
Und
erst
an
din
g 8
an
d 9
)
Inte
rmed
iate
Rev
iew
(No
tim
e al
lott
ed)
Giv
e th
e “4
thS
ub
-Un
it R
evie
w T
est.
”
(Ho
mew
ork
can
be
giv
en d
epen
din
g o
n t
he
pro
gre
ss o
f th
e cl
ass.
)
5.
Imp
ort
an
ce o
f B
loo
d
Cir
cula
tion
(2 p
erio
ds)
13
-14
) S
ho
w t
he
stat
e o
f b
loo
d c
ircu
lati
on i
n a
pat
tern
dia
gra
m a
nd
rel
ate
blo
od t
o t
he
org
ans
of
the
bod
y, s
um
mar
isin
g h
ow
it
mai
nta
ins
life
. K
no
w a
bou
t d
isea
ses
for
wh
ich
blo
od
acts
as
a m
ediu
m f
or
infe
ctio
n (
HIV
).
(Eva
lua
tion
: In
tere
st 2
, K
no
wle
dge
an
d S
kill
s 4
)
Inte
rmed
iate
Rev
iew
(No
tim
e al
lott
ed)
Giv
e th
e “5
thS
ub
-Un
it R
evie
w T
est.
”
(Ho
mew
ork
can
be
giv
en d
epen
din
g o
n t
he
pro
gre
ss o
f th
e cl
ass.
)
Un
it E
nd
Revie
w
(2 p
erio
ds)
15
-16
) T
each
er g
ives
th
e “F
inal
Un
it E
valu
ati
on
Tes
t.”
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Les
son
Pla
n
1.
Blo
od
C
ircu
lati
on
a
nd
th
e C
ircu
lato
ry S
yst
em (2
P
erio
ds:
1
st -2
nd
per
iod
)
Go
als
of
this
su
b-u
nit
Tak
e an
in
tere
st i
n t
he
circ
ula
tio
n o
f blo
od
an
d o
bse
rve
par
ts w
her
e blo
od
flo
ws.
Kn
ow
th
e m
ean
ing o
f blo
od
ci
rcula
tion
, nam
es an
d m
ajo
r ro
les
of
the
org
ans
of
the
circ
ula
tory
syst
em.
Ma
teri
al
Pre
para
tio
ns
Inves
tigat
ive
stu
dy b
oo
ks,
rec
ord
ing w
ork
shee
t
Per
iod
s 1-2
: In
ves
tigati
ng B
lood
Cir
cula
tion
Lea
rn
ing
flo
w a
nd
act
ivit
yT
each
ing
Hin
ts a
nd
Ad
vic
e
Intr
od
uct
ion
10
min
s.
Pre
sen
t w
hat
yo
u k
no
w a
bo
ut
blo
od
.
Blo
od
co
mes
ou
t w
hen
yo
u i
nju
re p
arts
of
yo
ur
bod
y.
Th
ere
are
pla
ces
on y
ou
r h
and
s an
d f
eet
wh
ere
yo
u
can
see
th
e fl
ow
of
blo
od
.
Blo
od
car
ries
th
e o
xygen
tak
en i
n t
hro
ugh
res
pir
atio
n
thro
ugh
ou
t th
e bo
dy.
I h
eard
th
at b
loo
d c
arri
es t
he
nu
trim
ents
ab
sorb
ed b
y
the
smal
l in
test
ine
to d
iffe
ren
t p
arts
of
the
bo
dy.
Aim
fo
r a
com
mo
n u
nd
erst
and
ing t
hat
blo
od f
low
s to
ever
y e
nd
of
the
bo
dy a
nd
th
rou
gh
th
e var
iou
s o
rgan
s
by
hav
ing
pu
pil
s p
rese
nt
bo
dil
y
org
ans
they
h
ave
stu
die
d w
ith
a r
elat
ion
to
blo
od
an
d p
lace
s th
ey k
no
w
that
blo
od
flo
ws
fro
m d
aily
exp
erie
nce
, an
d h
avin
g
them
sh
ow
wh
ere
on
th
eir
ow
n b
od
ies
they
can
kn
ow
that
blo
od
is
flo
win
g.
Qu
esti
on
sW
her
e in
th
e bo
dy d
oes
blo
od
flo
w?
Ob
serv
ati
on
an
d
Mate
rial
Inv
esti
gati
on
30
min
s.
Lo
ok fo
r p
arts
o
n yo
ur
ow
n bo
dy
wh
ere
blo
od
is
flo
win
g.
Blo
od
is
flo
win
g i
n v
ario
us
par
ts o
f th
e bo
dy.
Blo
od
flo
ws
thro
ugh
ves
sels
in
yo
ur
han
ds
and
fee
t.
Org
ans
rela
ted
to
blo
od
cir
cula
tion
Hea
rt –
Sen
ds
blo
od
ou
t th
rou
gh
out
the
bo
dy
Blo
od
– L
iqu
id t
hat
car
ries
oxygen
an
d n
utr
imen
ts
Blo
od
ves
sels
– t
ub
es w
hic
h b
loo
d f
low
s th
rou
gh
Hav
e p
up
ils
sear
ch f
or
wh
ere
on
th
eir
ow
n b
od
y t
hey
can
see
th
e fl
ow
of
blo
od
an
d c
om
par
e w
ith
th
eir
frie
nd
s.
(Ref
er t
o p
g. 5
9 r
ega
rdin
g w
ork
shee
t)
Pin
do
wn
th
e m
ean
ing o
f b
lood c
ircu
lati
on
an
d t
he
circ
ula
tory
syst
em,
as w
ell
as t
he
nam
es o
f th
e p
arts
of
the
circ
ula
tory
syst
em b
ased
on t
he
textb
oo
k a
nd
mat
eria
ls.
Hav
e th
em r
eco
rd t
hei
r fi
nd
ings
in t
he
wo
rksh
eet.
(Eva
lua
tion
: In
tere
st
1)
Tak
e an
in
tere
st
in
the
circ
ula
tio
n
of
blo
od
and
amb
itio
usl
y
inves
tigat
e th
e
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
asp
ects
of
blo
od
flo
w.
Pre
sen
tati
on
Su
mm
ary
30
min
s.
Su
mm
ariz
e w
hat
yo
u f
ou
nd
an
d t
hin
gs
yo
u t
ho
ugh
t
wer
e st
ran
ge
in t
he
wo
rksh
eet
and p
rese
nt
it t
o t
he
clas
s.
Blo
od
ci
rcu
lati
on
is
b
loo
d
flo
win
g
thro
ugho
ut
the
bo
dy fr
om
th
e h
eart
an
d th
en co
min
g b
ack to
th
e
hea
rt.
Th
e o
rgan
s re
late
d
to
circ
ula
tio
n
are
call
ed
the
circ
ula
tory
sy
stem
. T
he
hu
man
ci
rcu
lato
ry
syst
em
incl
ud
es t
he
hea
rt, b
lood
and
blo
od
ves
sels
.
Blo
od
ca
rrie
s o
xygen
an
d nutr
imen
ts d
eman
ded
b
y
var
iou
s p
arts
of
the
bo
dy a
s w
ell
as u
nn
eed
ed w
aste
pro
du
cts.
Are
blo
od
ves
sels
ever
yw
her
e in
th
e b
od
y?
Ho
w d
oes
blo
od c
arry
ox
yg
en?
Ho
w d
oes
th
e h
eart
sen
d o
ut
blo
od
?
Let
tin
g
pu
pil
s dis
cuss
in
gro
up
s an
d
pre
sen
t a
sum
mar
y i
s ac
cep
tab
le.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 1
) U
nd
erst
and
ing t
he
mea
nin
g
of
blo
od
ci
rcula
tion
and
ab
ilit
y
to
giv
e
exam
ple
s o
f n
ames
o
f th
e v
ario
us
org
ans
of
the
circ
ula
tory
syst
em a
nd
exp
lain
.
2. T
he
Co
mp
on
ents
an
d F
un
ctio
n o
f B
loo
d (
4 p
erio
ds:
3rd
-6
th p
erio
d)
Goals
of
this
su
b-u
nit
Know
fro
m o
bse
rvat
ion o
f b
lood a
nd a
udio
-vis
ual
mat
eria
ls t
hat
blo
od i
s m
ade
up o
f a
liquid
co
mponen
t
and b
lood c
ells
, an
d t
hat
the
mai
n c
om
ponen
ts o
f blo
od a
re p
lasm
a, r
ed b
lood c
ells
, w
hit
e blo
od c
ells
and
pla
tele
ts.
Inves
tigat
e th
e pro
per
ties
and f
unct
ion o
f pla
sma,
red
blo
od c
ells
, w
hit
e blo
od c
ells
and p
late
lets
, an
d b
e
able
to e
xpla
in t
hat
blo
od f
unct
ions
to c
arry
ox
yg
en a
nd n
utr
ients
nee
ded
to e
ven
the
furt
hes
t re
aches
of
the
body,
and a
lso c
arri
es t
he
bod
y’s
unnee
ded
subst
ance
s to
the
org
ans
that
expel
them
out
of
the
body.
Mate
rial
Pre
para
tion
s
A s
mal
l fi
sh t
hat
can
be
use
d f
or
obse
rvin
g i
ts f
ins
and b
lood f
low
, m
icro
scope,
gla
ss s
lides
, an
d w
rap
shee
t. I
f a
smal
l fi
sh c
annot
be
acquir
ed, pre
par
e au
dio
-vis
ual
mat
eria
ls o
n m
amm
als.
Inves
tigat
ive
stud
y b
ooks
and a
udio
-vis
ual
mat
eria
ls (
on b
lood f
low
of
mam
mal
s)
If p
oss
ible
: in
tern
et e
nvir
on
men
t fo
r in
ves
tigat
ive
stud
y
Rec
ord
ing w
ork
shee
t
Per
iod
s 3-4
: O
bse
rvin
g B
lood
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e Lea
rn
ing
flo
w a
nd
act
ivit
yT
each
ing
Hin
ts a
nd
Ad
vic
e
Intr
od
uct
ion
10
min
s.
Wh
y c
an b
lood
car
ry o
xygen
an
d n
utr
ien
ts?
Is t
her
e a
secr
et i
n t
he
red c
olo
ur?
Do
oxyg
en a
nd
nu
trie
nts
mix
no
t w
ell
wit
h b
loo
d?
Is t
her
e so
me
kin
d o
f se
cret
in
blo
od
?
Let
pu
pil
s th
ink a
bou
t th
e fu
nct
ion
of
blo
od
fro
m t
he
role
s o
f b
loo
d a
lrea
dy l
earn
ed.
Qu
esti
on
sW
hat
kin
d o
f li
qu
id i
s blo
od
? T
ry t
o o
bse
rve
it.
Ob
serv
ati
on
an
d
Mate
rial
Inv
esti
gati
on
30
min
s.
Ob
serv
e h
ow
blo
od i
s m
ade
up
of
liq
uid
an
d b
lood
cell
s b
y
ob
serv
ing
the
blo
od
of
a sm
all
fish
an
d
aud
io-v
isu
al m
ater
ials
, an
d e
nte
r in
th
e w
ork
shee
t.
Th
ere
are
gra
in-l
ike
thin
gs
flo
win
g i
n t
he
liq
uid
.
Th
e ves
sels
hav
e d
iffe
ren
t th
ickn
esse
s.
Th
e ves
sels
bra
nch
ou
t m
idw
ay.
Th
e ra
te o
f fl
ow
is
no
t u
nif
orm
an
d w
ill
chan
ge
fro
m
tim
e to
tim
e.
Th
e d
irec
tio
n
of
flo
w
alw
ays
flo
ws
in
the
sam
e
dir
ecti
on a
nd d
oes
not
chan
ge.
(Ref
er t
o p
g. 6
0 r
ega
rdin
g w
ork
shee
t)
Hav
e th
em r
eco
rd t
hei
r fi
nd
ings
in t
he
wo
rksh
eet.
Wh
en a
ctu
ally
ob
serv
ing b
loo
d,
firs
t ex
pla
in h
ow
to
use
th
e m
icro
sco
pe
bef
ore
ob
serv
atio
n.
Hav
e p
upil
s
ob
serv
e at
150
x m
agn
ific
atio
n.
Wh
en o
bse
rvin
g li
vin
g cr
eatu
res
like
a sm
all
fish
,
mak
e p
up
ils
awar
e th
at t
hey
are
ob
serv
ing a
liv
ing
crea
ture
an
d
advis
e th
em
to
han
dle
th
e su
bje
ct
crea
ture
gen
tly.
Wh
en o
bse
rvin
g a
ud
io-v
isu
al m
ater
ials
, p
ausi
ng t
he
vid
eo m
idw
ay w
ill
mak
e it
eas
ier
to s
ee t
he
elem
ents
of
blo
od
.
Hav
e p
up
ils
inves
tigat
e th
e gra
ins
they
sa
w
ob
serv
ing b
lood
usi
ng m
ater
ials
.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 2
) A
bil
ity t
o o
bse
rve
cap
illa
ries
an
d t
he
blo
od
cel
ls t
hat
flo
w t
hro
ugh
th
em.
Pre
sen
tati
on
Su
mm
ary
30
min
s.
Pre
sen
t w
hat
yo
u n
oti
ced
and
had
qu
esti
on
s ab
ou
t.
Wh
at a
re t
he
gra
ins
in t
he
liqu
id?
Wh
at r
ole
do t
he
gra
ins
pla
y?
Do
es t
he
dir
ecti
on
of
flo
w e
ver
ch
ange?
Is t
he
thic
kn
ess
of
all
blo
od
ves
sels
th
e sa
me
in a
ll
pla
ces?
Fin
d o
ut
the
mai
n e
lem
ents
of
blo
od a
nd
ad
d t
hem
to
yo
ur
wo
rksh
eets
.
In b
loo
d,
ther
e ar
e re
d b
lood
cel
ls,
wh
ite
blo
od c
ells
and
pla
tele
ts f
low
ing i
n t
he
liq
uid
cal
led
pla
sma.
Hav
e p
up
ils
wri
te
do
wn
th
e re
sult
s in
th
eir
wo
rksh
eets
an
d p
rese
nt
the
resu
lts.
Let
tin
g
pu
pil
s d
iscu
ss
in
gro
up
s an
d
pre
sen
t a
sum
mar
y i
s ac
cep
tab
le.
Pic
kin
g u
p q
ues
tio
ns
conn
ecte
d t
o u
pco
min
g l
esso
ns
late
r is
acc
epta
ble
.
(Eva
lua
tion
: T
hin
king
and R
epre
sen
tati
on 1
) A
bil
ity t
o
ded
uce
fr
om
o
bse
rvin
g
blo
od
that
it
h
as
a li
quid
com
po
nen
t an
d b
loo
d c
ells
.
Per
iod
s 5-6
: C
om
pon
ents
of
Blo
od
an
d T
hei
r F
un
ctio
n
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e Lea
rn
ing
flo
w a
nd
act
ivit
yT
each
ing
Hin
ts a
nd
Ad
vic
e
Intr
od
uct
ion
10
min
s.
Wh
at e
lem
ents
of
blo
od
are
rel
ated
to
th
e fu
nct
ion
s
of
blo
od t
hat
we
lear
ned
stu
dyin
g t
he
dig
esti
ve
and
resp
irat
ory
syst
ems?
Rem
ind
pu
pil
s th
at
blo
od
ca
rrie
s o
xygen
an
d
nu
trim
ents
to d
iffe
ren
t p
arts
of
the
bo
dy a
nd h
ave
them
in
ves
tig
ate
ho
w th
e m
ain
el
emen
ts o
f b
lood
rela
te t
o t
his
kn
ow
ing e
ach
ele
men
t’s
pro
per
ties
.
Qu
esti
on
sW
hat
are
th
e fu
nct
ion
s o
f th
e m
ain
ele
men
ts o
f b
loo
d?
Mate
rial
Inv
esti
gati
on
30
min
s.
Usi
ng
boo
ks
and
o
ther
m
ater
ials
, in
ves
tigat
e th
e
pro
per
ties
an
d f
un
ctio
ns
of
blo
od
’s m
ain
ele
men
ts.
Pla
sma
–
liqu
id
com
pri
sed
m
ost
ly
of
wat
er.
Nu
trim
ents
, ca
rbo
n d
ioxid
e an
d a
mm
on
ia a
ll b
len
d i
n
wit
h i
t.
Red
blo
od
cel
ls –
man
y a
re f
ou
nd i
n b
loo
d,
bu
t th
ey
are
smal
ler
than
w
hit
e b
lood
ce
lls.
H
aem
oglo
bin
s
wit
hin
th
ese
cell
s ar
e re
d
in
colo
ur
and
atta
ch
to
ox
ygen
eas
ily.
Wh
ite
blo
od c
ells
– a
re f
ewer
in
nu
mb
er b
ut
larg
er i
n
size
th
an
red
blo
od
ce
lls.
T
hey
re
mo
ve
fore
ign
sub
stan
ces
and
bac
teri
a.
Pla
tele
ts –
mak
e b
lood
clo
t.
Try
to
mak
e it
so
th
at t
he
nam
es o
f th
e el
emen
ts y
ou
inves
tigat
e re
late
to
th
e gra
ins
and
liq
uid
ob
serv
ed o
n
the
smal
l fi
sh’s
fin
.
Bas
ed o
n w
hat
was
in
ves
tigat
ed,
let
pup
ils
ded
uce
the
fun
ctio
ns
of
blo
od
cir
cula
tin
g o
ur
bod
ies.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 3
) A
bil
ity t
o e
xp
lain
that
blo
od
is
mad
e u
p o
f p
lasm
a an
d b
lood
cel
ls s
uch
as
red
blo
od c
ells
, w
hit
e b
loo
d c
ells
an
d p
late
lets
, an
d a
lso
the
fun
ctio
ns
of
each
of
thes
e co
mp
on
ents
.
Dis
cuss
ion
Su
mm
ary
30
min
s.
Dis
cuss
th
e fu
nct
ion
s o
f b
loo
d b
ased
o
n w
hat
yo
u
kn
ow
fro
m y
ou
r in
ves
tigat
ion
.
Ox
ygen
co
nn
ects
to h
aem
oglo
bin
s w
ith
in r
ed b
lood
cell
s an
d i
s ca
rrie
d t
hro
ugh
ou
t th
e b
od
y.
Wh
ite
blo
od
cel
ls e
xis
t to
pro
tect
us
fro
m s
ickn
ess.
Pla
tele
ts s
top
ble
edin
g w
hen
we
get
in
jure
d.
Pla
sma
no
t o
nly
car
ries
nu
trim
ents
all
over
th
e b
od
y,
bu
t al
so f
un
ctio
ns
to c
arry
un
nee
ded
su
bst
ance
s li
ke
carb
on
dio
xid
e an
d a
mm
on
ia t
o o
rgan
s w
hic
h e
xp
el
them
fro
m t
he
bod
y.
Gra
sp
that
blo
od
se
rves
th
e im
po
rtan
t ro
les
of
del
iver
ing t
hin
gs
nee
ded
to
mai
nta
in l
ife
all
over
th
e
bo
dy a
nd
exp
elli
ng u
nn
eed
ed s
ubst
ance
s.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 4
) A
bil
ity t
o e
xp
lain
that
blo
od h
as t
he
fun
ctio
n o
f ca
rryin
g t
he
oxygen
an
d
nu
trim
ents
n
eed
ed
by
the
bo
dy
as
wel
l as
ca
rryin
g
un
nee
ded
sub
stan
ces.
3.
Ty
pes
an
d F
un
ctio
ns
of
Blo
od
Ves
sels
(3
per
iod
s: 7
th -
9th
per
iod
)
Goals
of
this
su
b-u
nit
Abil
ity t
o e
xpla
in t
hat
wit
hin
blo
od v
esse
ls t
her
e ar
e ar
teri
es,
vei
ns
and c
apil
lari
es,
and t
hat
ther
e is
a
rela
tion b
etw
een c
har
acte
rist
ics
of
the
var
ious
blo
od v
esse
ls a
nd b
lood c
ircu
lati
on.
Know
that
wit
hin
blo
od c
ircu
lati
on a
re p
ulm
onar
y c
ircu
lati
on a
nd m
ain c
ircu
lati
on,
and b
ecom
e ab
le t
o
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
expla
in t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
of
the
blo
od r
unnin
g t
hro
ugh t
hes
e sy
stem
s.
Mate
rial
Pre
para
tion
s
Kid
goat
– t
o o
bse
rve
the
blo
od v
esse
ls o
n t
he
insi
de
of
an e
ar
Books
for
inves
tigat
ive
stu
dy,
pie
ce o
f m
eat
(to o
bse
rve
blo
od v
esse
ls),
the
aort
a an
d v
ena
cava
of
an
anim
al,
mir
ror
If p
oss
ible
: in
tern
et e
nvir
on
men
t fo
r in
ves
tigat
ive
stud
y
Rec
ord
ing w
ork
shee
t
Per
iod
s 7-8
: O
bse
rvin
g B
lood
Ves
sels
Lea
rn
ing
flo
w a
nd
act
ivit
yT
each
ing
Hin
ts a
nd
Ad
vic
e
Intr
od
uct
ion
10
min
s.
Do
blo
od
car
ryin
g o
xyg
en a
nd
nu
trim
ents
an
d b
loo
d
carr
yin
g u
nn
eed
ed s
ub
stan
ces
no
t m
ix?
Do
th
ey f
low
th
rou
gh d
iffe
ren
t b
loo
d v
esse
ls?
Let
pu
pil
s su
ffic
ien
tly d
iscu
ss t
hei
r p
red
icti
on
s, t
hen
afte
r ra
isin
g t
hei
r in
tere
st h
ave
them
in
ves
tigat
e.
Qu
esti
on
sW
hat
typ
es o
f b
lood
ves
sels
are
th
ere?
An
d a
re t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
of
thes
e ves
sels
an
d b
lood
cir
cula
tio
n r
elat
ed?
Ob
serv
ati
on
35
min
s.
Ob
serv
e an
an
imal
’s
arte
ries
an
d
vei
ns,
an
d
ente
r
yo
ur
fin
din
gs
in t
he
wo
rksh
eet.
Ob
serv
e th
e d
iffe
ren
ce i
n a
rter
ies
and
vei
ns
in g
oat
s
and
oth
er a
nim
als.
Ob
serv
e th
e b
loo
d v
esse
l d
istr
ibu
tio
n a
nd
cap
illa
ries
on
th
e in
sid
e o
f th
e kid
go
at’s
ear
.
Ob
serv
e th
e in
sid
e o
f th
e ar
m,
bac
k o
f th
e p
alm
an
d
bac
k o
f th
e p
alm
wh
en m
akin
g a
fis
t.
Ob
serv
e h
ow
cap
illa
ries
rea
ch t
o a
ll p
arts
of
the
bo
dy
by l
oo
kin
g a
t th
e w
hit
es o
f yo
ur
frie
nd
’s e
ye.
Obse
rve
capil
lari
es u
sing a
pie
ce o
f m
eat.
(Ref
er t
o p
g. 6
0 r
ega
rdin
g w
ork
shee
t)
Hav
e th
em r
eco
rd t
hei
r fi
nd
ings
in t
he
wo
rksh
eet.
Dir
ect
atte
nti
on
to
th
e d
iffe
ren
ces
in c
on
stru
ctio
n o
f
arte
ries
an
d v
ein
s.
Gra
sp
that
th
ere
are
var
iou
s th
ickn
esse
s in
b
lood
ves
sels
, b
eco
min
g c
apil
lari
es a
t th
e ex
trem
e fr
inges
of
the
bo
dy.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 5
) A
bil
ity t
o o
bse
rve
that
th
ere
are
var
iou
s th
ickn
esse
s in
b
loo
d
ves
sels
cover
ing
the
enti
re
bo
dy,
b
eco
min
g
cap
illa
ries
at
th
e
extr
eme
frin
ges
of
the
bod
y.
Pre
sen
tati
on
Su
mm
ary
25
min
s.
Dis
cuss
ca
pil
lari
es
and
th
e d
iffe
ren
ces
bet
wee
n
arte
ries
an
d v
ein
s b
ased
on
wh
at i
s re
cord
ed i
n y
ou
r
wo
rksh
eet.
Dis
cuss
in
ves
tigat
ing
the
char
acte
rist
ics
of
blo
od
ves
sels
, giv
ing sp
ecia
l at
ten
tion to
d
isco
ver
ies
and
qu
esti
on
s th
at a
rose
du
rin
g o
bse
rvat
ion
.
Hav
e p
up
ils
wri
te
do
wn
th
e re
sult
s in
th
eir
wo
rksh
eets
an
d p
rese
nt
the
resu
lts.
Let
tin
g
pu
pil
s dis
cuss
in
gro
up
s an
d
pre
sen
t a
sum
mar
y i
s ac
cep
tab
le.
Tel
l p
up
ils
that
yo
u w
ill
take
all
the
dis
cover
ies
and
qu
esti
on
s th
at a
rose
du
rin
g o
bse
rvat
ion
to
in
ves
tigat
e
the
char
acte
rist
ics
of
blo
od
ves
sels
in
th
e n
ext
per
iod
.
Per
iod
9:
Typ
es a
nd
Fu
nct
ion
s of
Blo
od
Ves
sels
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e Lea
rn
ing
flo
w a
nd
act
ivit
yT
each
ing
Hin
ts a
nd
Ad
vic
e
Intr
od
uct
ion
5 m
ins.
Co
nfi
rm
the
blo
od
ves
sel
char
acte
rist
ics
yo
u
dis
cuss
ed l
ast
per
iod
to
lea
rn a
nd
in
ves
tigat
e th
ese
usi
ng r
efer
ence
s an
d t
he
textb
oo
k.
Wh
y d
o v
ein
s h
ave
val
ves
?
Th
is p
erio
d i
s fo
r in
ves
tigat
ive
stu
dy,
so
pre
par
e m
any
refe
ren
ce m
ater
ials
reg
ard
ing b
loo
d a
nd
blo
od v
esse
ls.
Qu
esti
on
sIn
ves
tigat
e th
e ty
pes
of
blo
od
ves
sels
an
d t
hei
r ch
arac
teri
stic
s.
Mate
rial
Inv
esti
gati
on
20
min
s.
Usi
ng
boo
ks
and
o
ther
m
ater
ials
, in
ves
tigat
e th
e
typ
es o
f b
lood
ves
sels
an
d th
eir
char
acte
rist
ics
as
wel
l as
th
eir
rela
tio
n t
o b
lood
cir
cula
tion
.
Art
erie
s –
ves
sels
fl
ow
ing o
ut
fro
m th
e h
eart
an
d
carr
yin
g d
iffe
ren
t b
loo
d.
Th
ey h
ave
thic
k w
alls
an
d
are
flex
ible
.
Vei
ns
– ves
sels
in
w
hic
h b
loo
d fl
ow
s b
ack to
th
e
hea
rt f
rom
th
e re
st o
f th
e b
od
y. W
alls
are
th
inn
er
than
th
ose
o
f ar
teri
es,
and
th
ere
are
val
ves
inte
rsp
erse
d t
o p
reven
t b
ack
war
d f
low
.
Cap
illa
ries
– a
t th
e fr
inge
end
s o
f ar
teri
es,
ves
sels
wil
l b
ran
ch o
ut
into
nar
row
cap
illa
ries
. C
apil
lari
es
com
e to
get
her
ag
ain
an
d f
orm
vei
ns.
Su
mm
ariz
e th
e ci
rcu
lati
on
of
blo
od
.
hea
rtar
teri
esca
pil
lari
esv
ein
sh
eart
Mak
e p
up
ils
awar
e o
f th
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s o
f th
e
dif
fere
nt
ves
sels
an
d
thei
r re
lati
on
to
blo
od
circ
ula
tio
n.
Let
th
em k
no
w t
hat
th
e ar
teri
es w
hic
h c
arry
ox
ygen
and
nu
trim
ents
can
no
t b
e se
en b
ecau
se t
hey
are
not
nea
r th
e sk
in so
th
ey ca
nn
ot
be
read
ily cu
t d
ue
to
inju
ry.
Rec
on
firm
th
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s o
f v
ein
s an
d c
apil
lari
es.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 6
) A
bil
ity t
o e
xp
lain
that
wit
hin
blo
od
ves
sels
th
ere
are
arte
ries
, vei
ns
and
cap
illa
ries
, an
d
that
th
ere
is
a re
lati
on
b
etw
een
char
acte
rist
ics
of
the
var
iou
s b
loo
d v
esse
ls a
nd
blo
od
circ
ula
tio
n.
Dis
cuss
ion
Su
mm
ary
10
min
s.
Co
nsi
der
th
e ty
pes
of
ves
sels
an
d t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
of
the
blo
od
fl
ow
ing
thro
ugh
th
e p
ath
s o
f m
ain
circ
ula
tio
n,
wh
ich c
ircu
late
s th
rou
gh
th
e en
tire
bod
y,
and
p
ulm
on
ary ci
rcu
lati
on
, w
hic
h ci
rcu
late
s blo
od
thro
ugh
th
e lu
ngs.
Th
e ves
sels
in
w
hic
h
oxygen
ated
blo
od
flo
w
in
pu
lmo
nar
y c
ircu
lati
on
are
op
po
site
of
tho
se i
n m
ain
circ
ula
tio
n (
blo
od
flo
win
g i
nto
the
lun
gs
do
es n
ot
yet
hav
e o
xyg
en i
n i
t).
Tel
l p
up
ils
that
th
ere
is
mai
n
circ
ula
tion
, w
hic
h
circ
ula
tes
blo
od
to
th
e en
tire
bo
dy,
an
d p
ulm
on
ary
circ
ula
tio
n,
wh
ich
cir
cula
tes
blo
od
to
th
e lu
ngs.
Let
them
co
nsi
der
th
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s o
f th
e b
loo
d f
low
ing
thro
ugh
th
ese
syst
ems
bas
ed
on
th
e p
ath
o
f
circ
ula
tio
n.
(Eva
lua
tion
: T
hin
kin
g a
nd
Rep
rese
nta
tion
2)
Ab
ilit
y t
o
ded
uce
th
e var
iou
s ch
arac
teri
stic
s o
f b
lood
fro
m
the
circ
uit
of
lun
g c
ircu
lati
on
and
bo
dy c
ircu
lati
on
.
4. S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nct
ion
of
the
Hea
rt (
3 p
erio
ds:
10
th -
12
th p
erio
d)
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Goals
of
this
su
b-u
nit
Exper
ience
blo
od f
low
thro
ugh i
nves
tigat
ive
acti
vit
ies
invo
lvin
g p
uls
e an
d b
ecom
e ab
le t
o e
xpla
in t
he
role
of
arte
ries
to d
eliv
er o
xyg
enat
ed b
lood t
hro
ughout
the
bod
y.
Abil
ity t
o e
xpla
in t
hat
the
hum
an h
eart
is
mad
e up o
f fo
ur
cham
ber
s in
the
right
ven
tric
le,
right
atri
um
, le
ft
ven
tric
le,
left
atr
ium
, an
d a
lso t
hat
the
hea
rt f
unct
ions
as a
pum
p t
o c
ircu
late
blo
od t
hro
ughout
the
enti
re
body.
Abil
ity t
o e
xpla
in t
he
stru
cture
of
the
hea
rt a
nd i
ts r
elat
ion t
o m
ain a
nd p
ulm
onar
y c
ircu
lati
on.
Mate
rial
Pre
para
tion
s
Ste
thosc
ope
Sto
pw
atch
Mat
eria
ls f
or
inves
tigat
ive
stud
y, s
uch
as
dia
gra
ms
of
the
hum
an b
ody
Arr
angem
ents
for
a to
ur
of
a m
eat
pro
cess
ing p
lant
Dra
win
g p
aper
Per
iod
10:
Fu
nct
ion
of
the
Blo
od
-Pu
mp
ing H
eart
Lea
rn
ing
flo
w a
nd
act
ivit
yT
each
ing
Hin
ts a
nd
Ad
vic
e
Intr
od
uct
ion
10
min
s.
Ho
w c
an y
ou
in
ves
tigat
e h
ow
blo
od
flo
ws
thro
ugh
the
bo
dy?
Can
yo
u n
ot
mea
sure
yo
ur
hea
rt b
eat
on
yo
ur
wri
sts?
Lo
ok f
or
par
ts o
n y
ou
r b
od
y o
ther
th
an y
ou
r h
eart
wh
ere
yo
u c
an f
eel
yo
ur
hea
rt b
eat.
Yo
u c
an a
lso f
eel
it o
n t
he
insi
de
of
yo
ur
arm
an
d
yo
ur
nec
k.
Hav
e p
up
ils
pu
t th
eir
pal
m o
n t
he
left
sid
e o
f th
eir
ches
ts a
nd
cou
nt
thei
r h
eart
bea
ts f
or
1 m
inu
te.
Hav
e th
em c
om
par
e th
eir
hea
rt b
eat
to t
he
mo
vem
ent
of
thei
r ar
teri
es.
Let
th
em k
no
w t
hat
th
e m
ov
emen
t o
f th
eir
arte
ries
,
mea
sure
d b
y t
he
nu
mb
er o
f b
eats
, is
cal
led
a p
uls
e.
Qu
esti
on
sIs
th
e ra
te t
hat
blo
od i
s se
nt
out
of
the
hea
rt a
lway
s th
e sa
me?
Ob
serv
ati
on
20
min
s.
Mea
sure
th
e nu
mb
er o
f b
eats
(p
uls
e) b
efo
re a
nd
aft
er
exer
cisi
ng,
and
exam
ine
the
dif
fere
nce
.
Fin
d
ou
t yo
ur
hea
rt
bea
t w
hen
si
ttin
g
stil
l an
d
com
par
e it
to
yo
ur
hea
rt
bea
t af
ter
run
nin
g
100
met
res.
Fin
d o
ut
yo
ur
frie
nd
s’ h
eart
bea
t (p
uls
e) t
hro
ugh
th
eir
wri
sts
and
co
mp
are
it t
o t
hei
r h
eart
bea
t af
ter
runn
ing
10
0 m
etre
s.
Hav
e p
up
ils
reco
rd
thei
r h
eart
b
eat
(pu
lse)
b
efo
re
runn
ing a
nd
ju
st a
fter
ru
nn
ing.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d
Ski
lls
7)
Ab
ilit
y
to
inves
tigat
e th
e ch
ange
to
hea
rtb
eat
and
p
uls
e w
hen
do
ing e
xer
cise
.
Pre
sen
tati
on
Su
mm
ary
Dis
cuss
th
e re
aso
n b
ehin
d t
he
chan
ge
in h
eart
bea
t
(pu
lse)
.
Mak
e p
up
ils
awar
e o
f b
loo
d’s
fu
nct
ion
of
carr
yin
g
ox
ygen
.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
5 m
ins.
Y
ou
nee
d a
lo
t o
f o
xyg
en w
hen
yo
u d
o e
xer
cise
, so
yo
ur
hea
rt
rate
in
crea
ses
to
sen
d
ou
t b
loo
d
mo
re
qu
ickly
.
Mak
e th
em t
ake
inte
rest
in
th
e hea
rt p
um
pin
g b
loo
d
and
tie
it
in t
o t
he
nex
t p
erio
d.
Per
iod
s 11
-12:
Str
uct
ure
of
the
Hea
rt
Lea
rn
ing
flo
w a
nd
act
ivit
yT
each
ing
Hin
ts a
nd
Ad
vic
e
Intr
od
uct
ion
10
min
s.
Ho
w d
oes
th
e h
eart
sen
d o
ut
blo
od
to
th
e re
st o
f th
e
bo
dy,
an
d f
rom
wh
ere?
Hav
e p
up
ils
imag
ine
the
stru
ctu
re o
f th
e h
eart
bas
ed
up
on
th
eir
exp
erie
nci
ng
hea
rt
bea
t an
d
pu
lse
and
wh
at t
hey
hav
e in
ves
tigat
ed t
o t
his
po
int.
If
ther
e is
tim
e, h
ave
them
dra
w a
pic
ture
.
(Eva
lua
tion
: T
hin
kin
g a
nd
Rep
rese
nta
tion
3)
Ab
ilit
y t
o
con
sid
er b
loo
d f
low
rel
atin
g t
o o
ne’
s o
wn
hea
rtb
eat
and
pu
lse.
Qu
esti
on
sW
hat
kin
d o
f st
ruct
ure
do
es t
he
hea
rt h
ave?
An
d h
ow
do
es i
t se
nd o
ut
blo
od
?
Inv
esti
gati
ve
Act
ivit
y
20
min
s.
Inves
tigat
e th
e st
ruct
ure
of
the
hum
an h
eart
and
ho
w
it i
s co
nn
ecte
d t
o b
loo
d v
esse
ls.
It h
as f
ou
r ch
amb
ers.
Vei
ns
are
conn
ecte
d
to
atri
um
s an
d
arte
ries
ar
e
con
nec
ted
to
ven
tric
les.
Blo
od
ente
rs t
he
atri
um
s an
d
is s
ent
ou
t fr
om
th
e ven
tric
les.
Du
e to
val
ves
pre
sen
t in
th
e h
eart
, b
lood
can
no
t fl
ow
in r
ever
se e
ven
if
sen
t o
ut
wit
h g
reat
fo
rce.
Blo
od
sen
t o
ut
to t
he
lun
gs
leav
es t
he
righ
t v
entr
icle
and
ret
urn
s th
rou
gh
th
e le
ft a
triu
m.
Mak
e p
up
ils
awar
e o
f h
ow
b
loo
d
ves
sels
ar
e
con
nec
ted
to
th
e h
eart
an
d h
ow
th
ings
mo
ve
wh
en
blo
od
is
sen
t o
ut
fro
m t
he
hea
rt.
Hav
e th
em
inves
tigat
e u
sin
g
refe
ren
ces
and
th
e
textb
oo
k.
Hav
e th
em i
nves
tigat
e th
e fl
ow
of
pu
lmo
nar
y a
nd
mai
n c
ircu
lati
on a
lon
g w
ith
th
eir
role
s, a
s w
ell
as
the
char
acte
rist
ics
of
the
blo
od t
hat
flo
ws
thro
ugh
them
, an
d r
elat
e th
em t
o t
he
hea
rt’s
str
uct
ure
.
Ob
serv
ati
on
20
min
s.
At
a m
eat
pro
cess
ing
pla
nt,
ac
tual
ly
ob
serv
e a
mam
mal
’s h
eart
an
d s
ket
ch i
t.
Th
e h
eart
is
mad
e o
f m
usc
le.
Mak
e th
em gra
sp th
at th
e h
eart
is
m
ade
of
thic
k
mu
scle
s so
th
at i
t ca
n s
end
blo
od o
ut
to t
he
bod
y
wit
h g
reat
fo
rce.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d
Ski
lls
8)
Ab
ilit
y
to
ob
serv
e th
at t
he
hea
rt i
s m
ade
up
of
thic
k m
usc
le s
o t
hat
it c
an s
end
blo
od
ou
t to
th
e en
tire
bo
dy.
Pre
sen
tati
on
Su
mm
ary
20
min
s.
Pre
sen
t w
hat
yo
u h
ave
ob
serv
ed a
nd
con
firm
ed.
(Eva
lua
tion
: K
no
wle
dg
e an
d S
kill
s 9
) A
bil
ity t
o e
xp
lain
that
th
e h
eart
is
mad
e u
p o
f fo
ur
cham
ber
s in
th
e ri
gh
t
ven
tric
le,
righ
t at
riu
m,
left
ven
tric
le,
left
at
riu
m,
and
also
th
at
the
hea
rt
fun
ctio
ns
as
a p
um
p
to
circ
ula
te
blo
od
th
rou
gho
ut
the
enti
re b
od
y.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
5. Im
po
rta
nce
of
Blo
od
Cir
cula
tio
n (
2 p
erio
ds:
13
th -
14
th p
erio
d)
Go
als
of
this
su
b-u
nit
Sh
ow
th
e st
ate
of
blo
od
cir
cula
tio
n i
n a
pat
tern
dia
gra
m,
then
sh
ow
ho
w b
loo
d r
elat
es t
o t
he
org
ans
of
the
bod
y a
nd
su
mm
ariz
e h
ow
it
mai
nta
ins
life
.
Ma
teri
al
Pre
para
tio
ns
Dra
win
g p
aper
Per
iod
s 13-1
4:
Imp
ort
an
ce o
f B
lood
Cir
cula
tion
Lea
rn
ing
flo
w a
nd
act
ivit
yT
each
ing
Hin
ts a
nd
Ad
vic
e
Intr
od
uct
ion
10
min
s.
Su
mm
ariz
e fa
cts
abo
ut
blo
od
circ
ula
tio
n
and
th
e
circ
ula
tory
syst
em.
Let
pu
pil
s d
iscu
ss t
he
sum
mar
y o
f w
hat
th
ey h
ave
lear
ned
up
un
til
no
w ab
ou
t th
e ci
rcu
lato
ry sy
stem
,
focu
sin
g o
n b
loo
d.
Qu
esti
on
sS
um
mar
ize
the
circ
ula
tion
of
blo
od
.
Pre
sen
tati
on
40
min
s.
Wh
ile
dis
cuss
ing t
he
circ
ula
tion
of
blo
od
, sh
ow
ho
w
the
hea
rt,
lun
gs,
sm
all
inte
stin
e, l
iver
, kid
ney
s as
wel
l
as b
lood
ves
sels
in
th
e h
and
s an
d l
egs
con
nec
t in
the
giv
en f
igu
re.
Wri
te
in
the
char
acte
rist
ics
of
the
blo
od
fl
ow
ing
thro
ugh
th
e d
iffe
ren
t b
loo
d v
esse
ls.
Co
nsi
der
w
hy
blo
od
ci
rcu
lati
on
is
im
po
rtan
t in
add
itio
n t
o m
ain
tain
ing l
ife.
K
no
w
abou
t dis
ease
s fo
r w
hic
h
blo
od
ac
ts
as
a
med
ium
fo
r in
fect
ion
(H
IV).
Bas
ed o
n w
hat
th
ey h
ave
lear
ned
to
th
is p
oin
t, h
ave
pu
pil
s co
nsi
der
th
e im
po
rtan
ce o
f b
loo
d c
ircu
lati
on
.
Exp
lain
ab
ou
t H
IV a
nd
kno
w a
bo
ut
the
thin
gs
to b
e
care
ful
wit
h i
n d
aily
lif
e to
pre
ven
t in
fect
ion
.
Blo
od
tra
nsf
usi
on
s, b
od
ily f
luid
s, o
pen
wo
un
ds,
and
shar
ing o
f u
nst
eril
ized
too
ls t
hat
hav
e to
uch
ed b
loo
d.
(Eva
lua
tion
: In
tere
st
2)
Tak
e an
in
tere
st
in
ho
w
the
circ
ula
tio
n o
f b
loo
d c
arri
es t
he
ox
ygen
an
d n
utr
imen
ts
nee
ded
fo
r h
um
an a
ctiv
ity a
nd
the
un
nee
ded
su
bst
ance
s
resu
ltin
g f
rom
th
ose
act
ivit
ies,
and
wil
full
y c
on
sid
er t
he
imp
ort
ance
of
blo
od
cir
cula
tio
n.
(Eva
lua
tion
: T
hin
kin
g a
nd
Rep
rese
nta
tion
4)
Ab
ilit
y t
o
sum
mar
ize
the
stat
e o
f h
um
an
blo
od
ci
rcula
tion
in
a
pat
tern
d
iagra
m
join
ing
lun
g
circ
ula
tio
n
and
b
od
y
circ
ula
tio
n.
Su
mm
ary
20
min
s.
Rev
iew
th
e w
ord
s an
d p
hra
ses
yo
u h
ave
lear
ned
un
til
no
w.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
[Wo
rksh
eet]
---
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
-- *
To b
e u
sed
in
1st –
2nd p
erio
ds
Inv
esti
ga
tin
g B
loo
d
Da
te:
C
lass
:
N
am
e:
1.
Mate
rial
Pre
para
tion
s
Tex
tbooks
and p
ictu
re b
ooks
and o
ther
ref
eren
ces
about
blo
od.
Mir
rors
, fo
r use
in o
bse
rvin
g t
he
whit
e in
one’
s ow
n e
yes
. N
ote
: w
hen
obse
rvin
g t
he
eye,
take
care
not
to i
nju
re y
ours
elf.
2.
Ob
serv
ati
on
Pro
ced
ure
a.In
ves
tigat
e blo
od u
sing t
he
textb
ook a
nd p
ictu
re b
ooks,
and s
um
mar
ize
your
findin
gs.
b.
Look f
or
par
ts o
n y
our
ow
n b
ody w
her
e blo
od i
s fl
ow
ing.
Wher
e you l
ooked
)
What
you r
eali
zed)
Wher
e you l
ooked
)
What
you r
eali
zed)
c.W
rite
dow
n w
hat
you t
hought
was
str
ange
or
thin
gs
you w
ould
lik
e to
inves
tigat
e fu
rther
.
* K
eep t
his
work
shee
t fo
r th
e nex
t cl
ass
.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
[Wo
rksh
eet]
---
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
-- *
To b
e u
sed
in
3rd
– 4
th p
erio
ds
Ob
serv
ing
th
e F
low
of
Blo
od
Da
te:
C
lass
:
N
am
e:
1.
Mate
rial
Pre
para
tion
s fo
r O
bse
rvati
on
Sm
all
fish
(gupp
y, e
tc.)
, m
icro
scope,
sm
all
poly
styre
ne
bag
wit
h f
aste
ner
2.
Ob
serv
ati
on
Pro
ced
ure
* I
f you d
o n
ot
hav
e a
fish
, use
audio
-vis
ual
mat
eria
ls (
can b
e ch
anged
to o
bse
rvat
ion o
f par
t of
a fi
sh f
in
or
the
flow
of
blo
od i
n m
amm
als)
a.P
ut
the
fish
and s
om
e w
ater
in a
poly
styre
ne
b. O
bse
rve
the
fin a
t 100-1
50x m
agnif
icat
ion.
bag
and p
lace
it
on t
he
stag
e.
c. S
ket
ch t
he
flow
of
blo
od i
n t
he
fram
e on
the
right.
Note
: w
ash
hands
wel
l aft
er o
bse
rvin
g.
d.
Wri
te d
ow
n w
hat
you t
hought
was
str
ange
or
thin
gs
you
would
li
ke
to
inves
tigat
e
furt
her
bel
ow
.
* K
eep t
his
work
shee
t fo
r th
e nex
t cl
ass
.
Try
no
t to
to
uch
the
fish
to
o m
uch
in o
bse
rvat
ion.
Ret
urn
the
fish
into
the
aquar
ium
im
med
iate
ly
af
ter
vie
win
g.
Blo
od
F
low
100
x m
ag
nif
ica
tio
n
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
[Wo
rksh
eet]
---
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
-- *
To b
e u
sed
in
7th –
8th p
erio
ds
Ob
serv
ing V
ein
s an
d C
ap
illa
ries
Da
te:
C
lass
:
N
am
e:
1.
Mate
rial
Pre
para
tion
s fo
r O
bse
rvati
on
Fre
sh p
iece
of
mea
t to
obse
rve
blo
od v
esse
ls, m
agnif
yin
g g
lass
, m
irro
r
2.
Ob
serv
ati
on
Pro
ced
ure
a.L
ook fo
r a
pla
ce you ca
n se
e vei
ns,
li
ke
the
bac
k o
f your
han
d, an
d s
ket
ch t
he
blo
od v
esse
ls.
b.
Obse
rve
the
blo
od v
esse
ls i
n t
he
whit
e of
your
frie
nd’s
eye
or
your
ow
n e
ye
(usi
ng a
mir
ror)
and s
ket
ch i
t.
Note
: Take
care
not
to i
nju
re t
he
eye
when
obse
rvin
g.
c.O
bse
rve
the
blo
od t
hat
ooze
s to
the
surf
ace
and
the
stat
e of
capil
lari
es o
n a
fre
sh p
iece
of
mea
t.
N
ote
: w
ash
hands
wel
l aft
er o
bse
rvin
g.
d.
Wri
te d
ow
n w
hat
you t
hought
was
str
ange
or
thin
gs
you w
ould
lik
e to
inves
tigat
e fu
rther
bel
ow
.
* K
eep t
his
work
shee
t fo
r th
e nex
t cl
ass
.
Wh
ite
of
an E
ye
Pie
ce o
f M
eat
Bac
k o
f H
and
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
1st S
ub
-Un
it R
evie
w T
est
* g
iven
aft
er e
nd o
f 2
nd p
erio
d
Cla
ss:
N
am
e:
An
swer
the
foll
ow
ing q
ues
tions
about
the
circ
ula
tory
syst
em.
1.
Exp
lain
th
e fo
llow
ing
ter
ms.
Blo
od
Cir
cula
tio
n
How
blo
od
flo
ws
from
th
e h
eart
to a
ll p
art
s of
the
bod
y a
nd
th
en b
ack
to t
he
hea
rt.
Acc
epta
ble
as
lon
g a
s th
e above
is
incl
uded
. “O
rgan
s of
the
body”
can
be
subst
itu
ted f
or
“a
ll p
art
s of
the
body.
”
Cir
cula
tory
Syst
em
Th
e org
an
s re
late
d t
o b
lood
cir
cula
tion
.
2.
Wri
te d
ow
n t
he
3 o
rgan
s of
the
circ
ula
tory
syst
em a
nd t
hei
r ro
les
bel
ow
.
Org
an:
( H
eart
)
R
ole
:
( se
nd
s b
lood
ou
t to
all
part
s of
the
bod
y
)
Org
an:
( B
loo
d
)
Ro
le:
(
To
tra
nsp
ort
nec
essa
ry a
nd
un
nec
essa
ry w
ast
e p
rod
uct
s th
rou
gh
ou
t th
e b
od
y
)
Org
an:
(B
lood
ves
sels
)
Ro
le:
(
tu
bes
wh
ich
blo
od
flo
ws
thro
ugh
)
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
2
nd S
ub
-Un
it R
evie
w T
est
* g
iven
aft
er e
nd o
f 6
th p
erio
d
Cla
ss:
N
am
e:
An
swer
the
foll
ow
ing q
ues
tions
about
the
com
ponen
ts o
f blo
od.
1.
Dra
w l
ines
bet
wee
n t
he
term
s on t
he
left
and t
hei
r re
late
d t
erm
s on t
he
right.
Red
blo
od c
ells
Bac
teri
a
O
xyg
en
Whit
e blo
od c
ells
Car
bon d
ioxid
e
B
lood c
lott
ing
Pla
tele
ts
N
utr
imen
ts
H
aem
oglo
bin
s
Pla
sma
T
issu
e fl
uid
2.
Du
e to
a s
ubst
ance
in b
lood t
hat
at
tim
es a
ttac
hes
to a
nd r
elea
ses
oxygen
, th
e co
lour
of
blo
od w
ill
go
bet
wee
n b
eing b
right
red a
nd a
dar
ker
bro
wn c
olo
ur.
What
is
this
subst
ance
cal
led?
(H
aem
oglo
bin
s)
3.
If y
our
body i
s lo
w o
n t
he
subst
ance
giv
en i
n 2
. above
you b
ecom
e si
ck. W
hat
is
this
sic
knes
s ca
lled
?
(
An
aem
ia )
4.
When
one
inju
res
thei
r ar
m t
hey
wil
l so
met
imes
tie
a s
mal
l st
ring a
round t
he
arm
tig
htl
y i
n o
rder
to s
top
the
ble
edin
g, bu
t le
avin
g t
hin
gs
like
this
for
exte
nded
per
iods
is d
anger
ous.
Tel
l w
hy t
his
is.
(If
you
bin
d a
sm
all
str
ing a
rou
nd
som
eth
ing t
o s
top
th
e b
leed
ing t
hen
blo
od
can
not
flow
past
th
at
poin
t, m
ean
ing n
o o
xygen
is
bei
ng c
arr
ied
to t
he
cell
s. I
f you
lea
ve
thin
gs
in t
his
sta
te t
hen
th
e ce
lls
wil
l b
ecom
e gan
gre
nou
s (d
ie o
ff)
)
An
yth
ing sa
yin
g th
at
the
oxyg
en goes
aw
ay
an
d ce
lls
wil
l die
off
if
th
ey do n
ot
get
oxyg
en is
acc
epta
ble
.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
3
rd S
ub
-Un
it R
ev
iew
Tes
t
* g
iven
aft
er e
nd o
f 9th
per
iod
Cla
ss:
N
am
e:
An
swer
the
foll
ow
ing q
ues
tions
about
blo
od v
esse
ls i
n t
he
body.
1.
Expla
in t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
and r
ole
s of
the
blo
od v
esse
ls s
how
n b
elow
:
Art
erie
s:
Ves
sels
th
at
sen
d b
lood
ou
t to
th
e b
od
y f
rom
th
e h
eart
. B
ecau
se t
hey
ca
rry b
lood
fro
m t
he
hea
rt a
t
hig
h p
ress
ure
, th
ey h
ave
thic
k w
all
s an
d n
o v
alv
es. P
uls
e b
eats
at
the
sam
e te
mp
o o
f th
e h
eart
’s b
eat.
Vei
ns:
Ves
sels
th
at
sen
d b
lood
fro
m t
he
bod
y i
nto
th
e h
eart
. T
hey
flo
w a
t lo
wer
pre
ssu
re,
an
d t
hu
s h
ave
valv
es t
o p
reven
t re
ver
se f
low
.
Cap
illa
ries
:
Th
e n
arr
ow
est
ves
sels
, fo
un
d b
ran
chin
g o
ut
from
th
e en
d o
f art
erie
s. B
ecau
se t
hey
hel
p c
arr
y b
lood
to e
ver
y p
art
of
the
bod
y, t
hey
wid
ely c
over
th
e su
rface
of
the
bo
dy.
Pu
lmonar
y a
rter
y:
Ca
rrie
s n
on
-oxygen
ate
d b
lood
fro
m t
he
hea
rt t
o t
he
lun
gs.
Pulm
onar
y v
ein:
Sen
ds
hig
hly
oxygen
ate
d b
lood
back
to t
he
hea
rt f
rom
th
e lu
ngs.
2.
Expla
in t
he
dif
fere
nce
s in
cir
cula
tion t
o t
he
lungs
and t
hat
to t
he
rest
of
the
body.
In p
ulm
on
ary
cir
cula
tion
, th
e b
lood
sen
t to
th
e lu
ngs
from
th
e h
eart
exp
els
carb
on
dio
xid
e, t
hen
bec
om
es o
xygen
ate
d a
nd
flo
ws
back
to t
he
hea
rt.
In m
ain
cir
cula
tion
, h
igh
ly o
xygen
ate
d b
lood
sen
t
ou
t fr
om
th
e h
eart
pro
vid
es o
xygen
to c
ells
an
d b
ecom
es f
ille
d w
ith
carb
on
dio
xid
e, c
ircu
lati
ng
wit
hin
th
e en
tire
bod
y. B
loo
d t
hen
flo
ws
back
to t
he
hea
rt.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
4th
Su
b-U
nit
Rev
iew
Tes
t
* g
iven
aft
er e
nd o
f 12th
per
iod
Cla
ss:
N
am
e:
Answ
er t
he
foll
ow
ing q
ues
tions
about
the
stru
cture
and f
unct
ion o
f th
e hea
rt.
1.
Wri
te i
n t
he
figure
to t
he
right
the
par
ts o
n t
he
hum
an
body w
her
e you c
an d
etec
t a
puls
e.
2.
When
would
your
puls
e hav
e m
ore
bea
ts,
bef
ore
or
afte
r
exer
cisi
ng?
Als
o g
ive
your
reas
on f
or
this
answ
er.
( b
efore
aft
er )
Rea
son:
( T
he
hea
rt t
ries
to s
end
ou
t la
rge
am
ou
nts
of
blo
od
to
com
pen
sate
fo
r th
e oxygen
use
d i
n e
xer
cisi
ng.
)
3.
Wri
te i
n t
he
nam
es o
f th
e par
ts o
f th
e hea
rt l
abel
led a
– d
in t
he
figure
on t
he
right.
Als
o g
ive
the
nam
es o
f th
e blo
od v
esse
ls l
abel
led 1
– 4
.
Nex
t, d
raw
arr
ow
s on t
he
figure
to s
how
the
dir
ecti
on o
f blo
od
flow
for
item
s 1 –
4 a
s giv
en a
bove.
a.
(ri
gh
t atr
ium
)b
. (
righ
t ven
tric
le)
c. (
left
atr
ium
)d
. (
left
ven
tric
le)
1.
( ven
a c
ava
)2.
( aort
a
)
3.
( p
ulm
on
ary
art
ery )
4. (
pu
lmon
ary
vei
ns
)
1.
2.
3.
4.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
5th
Su
b-U
nit
Rev
iew
Tes
t
* g
iven
aft
er e
nd o
f 6th
per
iod
Cla
ss:
N
am
e:
An
swer
the
foll
ow
ing q
ues
tions
about
the
import
ance
of
blo
od c
ircu
lati
on.
1.
Choosi
ng
bet
wee
n a
. – g
. bel
ow
, put
the
appro
pri
ate
term
in t
he
bla
nks
bel
ow
.
Blo
od h
as m
any f
unct
ions
wit
hin
the
bod
y. O
ne
of
thes
e is
tra
nsp
ort
atio
n.
Blo
od t
ransp
ort
s th
e fo
llow
ing
thin
gs:
D
iges
ted f
ood i
s ca
rrie
d f
rom
the
( g.
) to
all
par
ts o
f th
e body.
( d
. )
is c
arri
ed f
rom
the
lungs
to c
ells
all
over
the
body.
(c.
) is
car
ried
fro
m c
ells
all
over
the
body t
o t
he
lungs.
Was
te p
roduct
s su
ch a
s ure
a ar
e ca
rrie
d t
o t
he
( a.
).
a. k
idney
sb. li
ver
c.
car
bon d
ioxid
ed. oxygen
e. n
itro
gen
f. l
ungs
g. sm
all
inte
stin
e
2.
HIV
is
a dis
ease
that
can
be
contr
acte
d t
hro
ugh t
he
blo
od.
Wri
te d
ow
n t
he
foll
ow
ing i
tem
s to
avoid
bei
ng
infe
cted
thro
ugh b
lood s
how
n b
elow
:
Warn
ings
ab
ou
t b
lood
tra
nsf
usi
on
s
(O
nly
use
ute
nsi
ls t
este
d t
o c
on
firm
th
ey a
re n
ot
infe
cted
wit
h H
IV.
)
Warn
ings
ab
ou
t op
en w
ou
nd
s
( P
rote
ct y
ou
rsel
f b
y c
over
ing t
he
wou
nd
or
wea
rin
g g
loves
. Y
ou
sh
ou
ld n
ever
com
e in
con
tact
wit
h b
lood
fro
m a
wou
nd
. )
Tools
th
at
cut
skin
an
d r
azo
rs
(D
o n
ot
share
th
ese
wit
h o
ther
s, a
nd
if
you
do s
hare
th
en o
nly
use
aft
er d
isin
fect
ing. )
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Fin
al
Un
it E
va
lua
tio
n T
est
* D
on
e at
Un
it E
nd
Cla
ss:
Nam
e:
1.
Fig
ure
1 b
elow
is
a pat
tern
dia
gra
m o
f th
e el
emen
ts o
f hum
an b
lood.
Fig
ure
2 s
how
s th
e ar
rangem
ent
of
cell
s in
the
hum
an b
ody.
An
swer
the
foll
ow
ing q
ues
tions.
Fig
ure
1F
igu
re 2
(i)
In F
igu
re 1
, w
hic
h o
f a –
d p
erfo
rms
the
funct
ion o
f re
movin
g b
acte
ria?
Als
o g
ive
the
nam
e.
Sym
bol:
(
c. )
Nam
e: (
Wh
ite
blo
od
cel
ls )
(ii)
In F
igu
re 1
, w
hic
h o
f a –
d h
as r
ed-c
olo
ure
d p
igm
ent?
Als
o g
ive
the
nam
e.
Sym
bol:
(
a.
)
Nam
e: (
Red
blo
od
cel
ls )
(iii
)In
Fig
ure
1,
whic
h o
f a –
d c
arri
es c
arbon d
ioxid
e an
d a
mm
onia
giv
en o
ff b
y c
ells
. Als
o g
ive
the
nam
e.
Sym
bol:
(
d.
)
Nam
e: (
Pla
sma )
(iv)
What
is
the
nam
e of
the
liquid
surr
oundin
g t
he
cell
in F
igu
re 2
? T
he
blo
od e
lem
ent
that
form
s th
is
liquid
is
whic
h o
f a –
d f
rom
Fig
ure
1?
Nam
e: (
T
issu
e fl
uid
)
Sym
bol:
( d
. )
Bod
y C
ells
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
2.
Ente
r th
e ap
pro
pri
ate
wo
rds
in t
he
bla
nks
bel
ow
fro
m t
he
choic
es i
n t
he
box f
oll
ow
ing t
he
ques
tions.
(i)
(O
xygen
)
is c
arri
ed t
o a
ll p
arts
of
the
body b
y r
ed b
lood c
ells
.
(ii)
Blo
od f
low
s fr
om
the
hea
rt t
o t
he
lungs
thro
ugh t
he
(p
ulm
on
ary
art
ery ),
and r
eturn
s to
the
hea
rt f
rom
the
lungs
thro
ugh t
he
(p
ulm
on
ary
vei
n ).
(iii
)The
blo
od v
esse
ls t
hat
sen
d b
lood o
ut
from
the
hea
rt t
o t
he
far
corn
ers
of
the
body a
re c
alle
d (
art
erie
s
), a
nd t
he
smal
l blo
od v
esse
ls w
hic
h r
each
to t
he
far
corn
ers
carr
yin
g b
lood a
re c
alle
d (
cap
illa
ries
).B
lood ci
rcula
ting th
rough th
e body re
turn
s to
th
e hea
rt th
rough (
the
ven
a ca
va (v
ein
s als
o
acc
epta
ble
)).
(iv)V
alves
in
th
e (
ven
a ca
va
) an
d (
vei
ns
)
are
to pre
ven
t (
rever
se fl
ow
)
of
blo
od.
(v)
The
cham
ber
s on t
he
top h
alf
of
the
hea
rt a
re c
alle
d (
atr
ium
s ),
and t
he
cham
ber
s on t
he
bott
om
hal
f ar
e ca
lled
( ven
tric
les
).
(vi)
Pla
sma
has
the
funct
ion o
f ca
rryin
g t
he
(oxygen
) an
d (
nu
trim
ents
)
nee
ded
by t
he
bod
y,
and a
lso c
arry
ing u
nnee
ded
subst
ance
s li
ke
(u
rea
) an
d (
carb
on
dio
xid
e).
Art
erie
s V
eins
A
ort
a V
ena
Cav
a P
ulm
onar
y A
rter
y P
ulm
onar
y V
ein
Blo
od V
esse
ls C
apil
lari
es C
lott
ing R
ever
se F
low
A
triu
m V
entr
icle
Oxygen
C
arbon D
ioxid
e U
rea
N
utr
imen
ts H
eart
L
ungs
3.
The
figure
on t
he
right
show
s a
cross
sec
tion o
f th
e hum
an
hea
rt. A
nsw
er t
he
foll
ow
ing q
ues
tions
about
the
figu
re.
(i)
Giv
e th
e nam
e of
part
a.
in t
he
figure
. (
righ
t atr
ium
)
(ii)
Nam
e b
lood
ves
sel
1. in
the
figure
. (
V
ena c
ava
)
(iii
)B
etw
een
part
s a
–
d,
giv
e al
l par
ts
into
w
hic
h
blo
od
retu
rns
to t
he
hea
rt.
(
a, c
)
(iv)
Bet
wee
n p
art
s a –
d, giv
e al
l par
ts o
f th
e hea
rt w
ith b
lood
that
is
leav
ing t
he
hea
rt.
(
b, d
)
(v)
Bet
wee
n b
lood
ves
sels
1 –
4, te
ll w
hic
h f
low
s to
the
lungs.
(
3)
(vi)
Bet
wee
n p
art
s a –
d, giv
e al
l par
ts o
f th
e hea
rt w
ith o
xyg
enat
ed b
lood i
n t
hem
.
(
c, d
)
1
23
4
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
4.
The
figure
on
the
right
is a
pat
tern
dia
gra
m s
how
ing h
um
an b
lood c
ircu
lati
on. T
he
lett
ers
A –
C a
re i
nte
rnal
org
ans
and t
he
num
ber
s 1 –
10
ref
er t
o d
iffe
rent
blo
od v
esse
ls. A
nsw
er t
he
ques
tions
bel
ow
.
(i)
Giv
e th
e nam
es f
or
org
ans
A a
nd B
in t
he
figure
.
A
(
Lu
ng
s )
B
( L
iver
)
(ii)
a.
and b
. in
the
figure
show
dir
ecti
on o
f fl
ow
. W
hic
h d
irec
tion i
s
blo
od fl
ow
ing in
blo
od ves
sels
1)
and 2)
resp
ecti
vel
y?
Answ
er
usi
ng t
he
lett
ers
a.
or
b. 1)
( a.
)
2)
(
b.
)
(iii
)G
ive
the
nam
e of
blo
od v
esse
l 3.
( P
ulm
on
ary
art
ery )
(iv)
What
are
the
blo
od c
ircu
lati
on p
atte
rns
that
flo
w i
n t
he
foll
ow
ing
sequen
ces
call
ed?
a.H
eart
O
rgan
A
Hea
rt
( P
ulm
on
ary
cir
cula
tion
)
b.
Hea
rt
Bod
y C
ells
H
eart
( M
ain
cir
cula
tion
)
(v)
Usi
ng n
um
ber
s 1 –
10
, ch
oose
the
one
blo
od v
esse
l w
ith b
lood
flow
ing a
s des
crib
ed.
a.B
lood h
ere
is t
he
most
ox
ygen
ated
.
( 1
)
b.
Aft
er e
atin
g, blo
od h
ere
has
the
most
glu
cose
and a
min
o a
cids.
( 9
)
c.B
lood h
ere
has
the
most
car
bon d
ioxid
e.
( 4
)
(vi)
The
blo
od v
esse
l w
ith t
he
leas
t am
ount
of
ure
a in
the
blo
od f
low
is
nu
mb
er 8
in t
he
figure
. G
ive
the
nam
e of
Org
an
C.
(K
idn
eys
)
(vii
)W
hat
is
the
subst
ance
whic
h p
lasm
a ooze
s fr
om
the
wal
ls o
f ca
pil
lari
es c
alle
d? (
Tis
sue
flu
id )
5.
Expla
in b
lood c
ircu
lati
on.
Blo
od
is
an
im
port
an
t li
qu
id t
o t
he
life
of
an
imals
th
at
carr
ies
oxygen
an
d n
utr
imen
ts t
hro
ugh
ou
t th
e
bod
y a
nd
als
o h
an
dle
s tr
an
sport
of
wa
ste
ma
teri
als
lik
e ca
rbon
dio
xid
e an
d u
rea f
or
dis
posa
l.
Blo
od
flo
win
g f
rom
th
e h
eart
to a
ll p
art
s of
the
bod
y a
nd
th
en b
ack
to t
he
hea
rt i
s re
ferr
ed t
o a
s
blo
od
cir
cula
tion
.
Th
e p
ath
of
circ
ula
tion
can
be
div
ided
in
to t
wo m
ain
part
s.
Th
e fi
rst
of
thes
e ci
rcu
late
s ce
ntr
ed a
rou
nd
th
e lu
ngs,
sen
din
g b
lood
fro
m t
he
hea
rt t
o t
he
lun
gs
an
d
then
ret
urn
ing b
ack
to t
he
hea
rt.
Th
e oth
er c
ircu
late
s aro
un
d t
he
enti
re b
od
y, w
ith
blo
od
bei
ng s
ent
ou
t fr
om
th
e h
eart
goin
g t
o a
ll
part
s of
the
bod
y e
xce
pt
the
lun
gs
an
d t
hen
ret
urn
ing b
ack
to t
he
hea
rt.
Bo
dy C
ells
Sm
all
Inte
stin
e
Hea
rt
Hea
d C
ells
ab
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Stu
den
t Q
ues
tio
nn
air
es
1.
Wh
at
kin
ds
of
stu
dy
ing h
av
e y
ou
do
ne
in t
he
past
fo
r th
e a
bov
e te
st p
rob
lem
s?
0.
No
ne
at a
ll
This
was
do
ne
10
% o
f th
e ti
me
for
all
pro
ble
ms.
1.
No
This
was
do
ne
30
% o
f th
e ti
me
for
all
pro
ble
ms.
2.
Aver
age
This
was
do
ne
50
% o
f th
e ti
me
for
all
pro
ble
ms.
3.
Yes
T
his
was
do
ne
70
% o
f th
e ti
me
for
all
pro
ble
ms.
4.
Ab
solu
tely
yes
T
his
was
do
ne
over
90%
of
the
tim
e fo
r al
l pro
ble
ms.
An
swer
ing
Qu
esti
on
s u
sin
g P
ictu
res
an
d D
iag
ram
s in
th
e T
extb
oo
k o
r Il
lust
rati
on
s D
raw
n o
n t
he
Bla
ckb
oard
1.
Th
e S
tud
ents
answ
ered
th
e q
ues
tio
ns
by w
alkin
g u
p t
o t
he
bo
ard
an
d d
raw
ing d
iagra
ms
or
wri
tin
g
word
s.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
Th
e te
ach
er a
sked
an
d a
nsw
ered
th
e qu
esti
on
s b
y d
raw
ing d
iagra
ms
or
wri
tin
g w
ord
s on
the
bo
ard
.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
Qu
esti
on
s w
ere
answ
ered
usi
ng p
ictu
res
and
dia
gra
ms
in t
he
tex
tbo
ok.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Exp
erim
ents
1.
Did
the
stu
den
ts c
on
duct
any e
xp
erim
ents
or
obse
rvat
ion
s?
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
Th
e te
ach
er c
on
du
cted
th
e ex
per
imen
ts.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4
.
3.
The
stu
den
ts c
on
du
cted
the
exp
erim
ents
by f
oll
ow
ing t
he
teac
her
’s i
nst
ruct
ions.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dis
cuss
ion
an
d T
hin
kin
g
4.
We
talk
ed w
ith
fri
end
s in
the
clas
s an
d t
ho
ugh
t ab
ou
t th
e p
roble
ms.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
We
tho
ugh
t ab
ou
t th
e p
rob
lem
s ca
refu
lly w
ith
fri
end
s an
d s
tate
d o
ur
idea
s lo
gic
ally
.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
6.
We
tho
ugh
t ab
ou
t th
e pro
ble
ms
care
full
y
wh
en
com
ing
up
w
ith
a
hyp
oth
esis
an
d
afte
r th
e
exp
erim
ent.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
Id
eas
7.
I w
as a
ble
to
un
der
stan
d n
ew i
dea
s.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
8.
I w
as a
ble
to
see
new
vie
wp
oin
t o
f lo
okin
g a
t an
d t
hin
kin
g a
bo
ut
scie
nce
.
0.
1.
2.
3
. 4
.
9.
I w
as a
ble
to
gra
sp t
he
pri
nci
ple
s hid
den
ben
eath
th
e fa
cts.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Kn
ow
led
ge
10
. I
was
ab
le t
o a
pp
ly t
he
new
kn
ow
led
ge
that
I l
earn
ed i
n s
cho
ol
in m
y d
aily
lif
e.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
11.
The
teac
her
has
ex
pla
ined
th
at t
he
new
kn
ow
led
ge
thin
gs
the
stu
den
ts a
re l
earn
ing i
n s
choo
l ar
e
con
nec
ted w
ith
act
ual
lif
e.
0.
1.
2.
3
. 4
.
12
. I
was
ab
le t
o l
earn
th
at t
he
new
pri
nci
ple
s an
d v
iew
po
ints
to
war
d s
cien
ce c
an b
e ap
pli
ed t
o a
var
iety
of
dif
fere
nt
phen
om
ena.
0.
1.
2.
3
. 4
.
Pu
rsu
ing K
now
led
ge
thro
ugh
Pro
ble
m S
olv
ing
13
. W
e w
ere
firs
t giv
en a
pro
ble
m a
nd
th
en w
ere
to s
olv
e th
at p
roble
m.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
14
. W
e m
ade
pre
dic
tion
s, p
ut
then
to
th
e te
st,
form
ula
te s
cien
tifi
c ex
pla
nat
ion
s, a
nd p
ut
them
to
pra
ctic
al
use
.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
15
. T
he
stu
den
ts w
ere
asked
to v
erif
y t
hro
ugh
th
e ex
per
imen
t th
at t
hey
had
cre
ated
a h
yp
oth
esis
as
wel
l
as a
pla
n f
or
the
ob
serv
atio
n.
0.
1.
2.
3
.
4.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
2.
Wh
en y
ou
lea
rned
ea
ch u
nit
fo
r th
e a
bo
ve
test
pro
ble
ms,
did
yo
u b
ecom
e in
tere
sted
in
th
e
ma
teri
al?
0.
No
ne
at a
ll
This
was
tru
e 1
0%
of
the
tim
e fo
r al
l p
rob
lem
s.
1.
No
This
was
tru
e 3
0%
of
the
tim
e fo
r al
l p
rob
lem
s.
2.
Aver
age
This
was
tru
e 5
0%
of
the
tim
e fo
r al
l p
rob
lem
s.
3.
Yes
T
his
was
tru
e 7
0%
of
the
tim
e fo
r al
l p
rob
lem
s.
4.
Ab
solu
tely
yes
T
his
was
tru
e o
ver
90
% o
f th
e ti
me
for
all
pro
ble
ms.
Inte
rest
an
d M
oti
va
tio
n
1.
I w
as v
ery i
nte
rest
ed i
n s
cien
ce l
esso
ns.
0.
1.
2
.
3.
4
.
2.
I b
ecam
e m
ore
moti
vat
ed t
o l
earn
.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
I w
as i
nte
rest
ed i
n w
hat
we
wer
e le
arn
ing f
rom
sta
rt t
o f
inis
h.
0.
1.
2
.
3.
4
.
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
an
d I
nv
olv
emen
t
4.
I w
as a
ctiv
ely e
ngag
ed i
n l
earn
ing t
he
top
ic.
0.
1.
2
.
3.
4
.
5.
I en
joyed
lea
rnin
g t
he
topic
so
much
I l
ost
tra
ck o
f ti
me.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
6.
I w
as v
ery f
ocu
sed
on l
earn
ing t
op
ic m
ater
ial
but
at t
he
sam
e ti
me,
I w
as a
lso
ver
y e
xci
ted
an
d
enjo
yed
myse
lf.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
Coop
erati
on
an
d C
oll
ab
ora
tion
7.
I en
joyed
th
e le
arnin
g p
roce
ss w
hil
e co
llab
ora
tin
g w
ith
fri
ends.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
8.
I w
as a
ble
to
lea
rn t
hro
ugh
co
op
erat
ion
an
d m
utu
al s
upp
ort
wit
h m
y f
rien
ds.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
9.
I sh
ared
my e
xp
erim
ents
and
id
eas
wit
h m
y f
rien
ds
and w
e al
l h
ad a
fun
tim
e le
arnin
g t
oget
her
.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Lev
el o
f E
arn
estn
ess
an
d E
njo
ym
ent
du
rin
g E
xp
erim
ents
10
. T
he
exper
imen
ts w
ere
ver
y e
njo
yab
le.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
11
. S
ince
ex
per
imen
ts n
eed
fiv
e se
nse
s, I
car
efu
lly m
oved
my h
and
s an
d e
yes
wh
en c
oll
ecti
ng t
he
dat
a.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
12
. D
uri
ng t
he
exp
erim
ents
, I
reco
rded
my o
bse
rvat
ions
accu
rate
ly a
nd
car
efu
lly.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
Sp
irit
of
Inq
uir
y
13
. I
began
to
hav
e m
ore
an
inquir
ing m
ind
to
war
d n
ew d
isco
ver
ies.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
14
.I
bec
ame
ver
y e
xci
ted a
nd
curi
ou
s ab
ou
t ch
alle
ngin
g t
he
un
kn
ow
n.
0.
1.
2
.
3.
4
.
15
. I
mad
e a
stro
ng e
ffo
rt t
o l
earn
wh
at i
s kn
ow
n b
y t
ryin
g t
o f
ind
exam
ple
s, d
raw
ing i
llu
stra
tio
ns,
an
d
thro
ugh
dis
cuss
ion
s an
d e
xp
erim
ents
.
0.
1.
2
.
3.
4
.
Lo
gic
an
d O
bje
ctiv
ity
16
. I
atte
mp
ted
to
fin
d p
len
ty o
f ev
iden
ce a
nd
fac
ts t
o c
hec
k w
het
her
my h
yp
oth
esis
hel
d t
rue.
0.
1
. 2
.
3.
4.
17
. I
was
ab
le t
o c
on
firm
th
at t
he
pri
nci
ple
s an
d c
once
pts
wer
e tr
ue
by a
pp
lyin
g t
hem
to
act
ual
lif
e.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
18
. T
he
expla
nat
ion
s w
ere
ver
y c
on
vin
cin
g a
nd
eas
y t
o u
nd
erst
and
for
the
enti
re c
lass
. I
was
ver
y
sati
sfie
d w
ith t
he
inte
rpre
tati
ons
whic
h w
ere
logic
al a
nd
acc
ord
ed w
ith t
he
tru
th.
0.
1
.
2.
3
.
4.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Ap
pen
dix
Ele
men
ts a
nd
Fu
nct
ion
s of
Blo
od
Red
Blo
od
Cel
ls
3.
Sh
ap
e A
dvan
tages
Red
blo
od
cell
s ar
e not
circ
ula
r,
but
rath
er
are
dis
k-s
hap
ed w
ith a
n i
nden
ted c
entr
e as
show
n i
n t
he
figure
on t
he
right.
This
shap
e m
akes
the
cell
s hig
hly
flex
ible
, al
low
ing t
hem
to c
han
ge
shap
e by f
old
ing t
o p
ass
thro
ugh n
arro
w p
assa
ges
such
as
capil
lari
es.
This
shap
e al
so e
nla
rges
the
surf
ace
area
, al
low
ing e
ffic
ient
tran
sport
of
oxygen
.
4.
Wh
ere
Cel
ls a
re M
ad
e
Red
blo
od c
ells
are
mad
e in
the
mar
row
of
bones
. W
hil
e in
the
foet
us
blo
od i
s al
so m
ade
in t
he
liver
and
sple
en, but
afte
r bir
th i
t is
mad
e in
the
mar
row
of
the
ster
num
, ri
bs,
ver
tebra
e, p
elvis
and f
emurs
.
Mar
row
is
the
soft
tis
sue
that
fil
ls b
ones
' b
on
e-m
arro
w c
anal
and t
he
spongy b
one
tiss
ue
of
thei
r in
ner
cavit
ies.
Red
blo
od c
ells
are
mad
e fr
om
blo
od b
last
cel
ls f
ound h
ere
in m
arro
w.
A g
iant
mo
ther
cel
l, a
lso c
alle
d
a gia
nt
eryth
robla
st,
is
mad
e fr
om
th
ese
blo
od
bla
st
cell
s.
Aft
er
the
moth
er
cell
div
ides
se
ver
al
tim
es,
dis
k-s
hap
ed r
ed b
lood c
ells
are
pro
duce
d.
Whit
e blo
od c
ells
and p
late
lets
are
als
o m
ade
in b
one
mar
row
. Ju
st a
s w
ith r
ed b
lood c
ells
, bla
st c
ells
form
the
bas
e fo
r th
ese
cell
s as
wel
l.
Wh
ite
Blo
od
Cel
ls
5.
Typ
es o
f W
hit
e B
lood
Cel
ls
The
figure
on t
he
right
show
s so
me
of
the
types
of
wh
ite
blo
od c
ells
found i
n t
he
blo
od
of
ver
tebra
tes
such
as
hum
an b
eings.
Gra
nulo
cyte
s,
whic
h
hav
e nucl
ei
that
ca
n
chan
ge
shap
e, c
om
pri
se 6
5-7
0%
of
all
whit
e
blo
od c
ells
and h
ave
gra
nule
s w
ithin
the
cell
s.
Thes
e ce
lls
hav
e a
dia
met
er o
f ab
out
10µ
m,
and a
re t
he
cell
s norm
ally
ref
erre
d t
o w
hen
spea
kin
g o
f w
hit
e blo
od
cell
s. W
hit
e blo
od c
ells
are
div
ided
into
thre
e ty
pes
by d
iffe
rence
s in
the
stai
nin
g p
roper
ties
wit
h r
espec
t to
the
colo
uri
ng o
f th
e gra
nule
, know
n a
s neu
trophil
es, ac
idophil
es a
nd b
asophil
es.
Monocy
tes,
whic
h a
re w
hit
e blo
od c
ells
wit
h a
sin
gle
nucl
eus,
are
the
larg
est
of
blo
od c
ells
wit
h a
dia
met
er o
f
13-2
1µ
m.
Lym
phocy
tes
com
pri
se n
earl
y 1
00%
of
all
cell
s fo
und i
n l
ym
ph.
Thes
e ce
lls
hav
e a
dia
met
er o
f 7
-12µ
m a
nd
are
circ
ula
r w
hen
in l
ym
ph
or
blo
od,
but
are
amorp
hous
in s
hap
e w
hen
found i
n t
issu
e. T
hes
e ce
lls
hel
p i
n
acquir
ing i
mm
unit
ies.
If c
ircu
lar…
If c
ircu
lar…
If d
isk-s
hap
ed…
Red
blo
od
cel
ls
Cap
illa
ries
Gra
nu
locy
te
(P
oly
mo
rph
onu
clea
r
Lym
ph
cel
ls
Ty
pes
of
Wh
ite
Blo
od
Cel
ls
Mo
no
cyte
s
(Mo
no
nu
clea
r w
hit
e b
lood
cel
ls)
w
hit
e b
loo
d c
ells
)
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
6.
Gra
nu
locy
te P
hagocy
tosi
s
W
hen
bac
teri
a in
vad
e th
e body,
this
info
rmat
ion
is
pas
sed
on
to
the
gra
nulo
cyte
s,
wh
ich
mig
rate
usi
ng
amoeb
oid
m
ovem
ent
to
mo
ve
fro
m
blo
od
ves
sels
to
th
e ti
ssue
wher
e th
e bac
teri
a ar
e. T
his
phen
om
enon i
s ca
lled
mig
rati
on.
The
gra
nulo
cyte
s
atta
ck t
he
bac
teri
a im
med
iate
ly u
pon a
rriv
ing i
n t
he
tiss
ue.
F
irst
they
att
ach t
hem
selv
es t
o t
he
enem
y,
refe
rred
to
as
adhes
ion
, th
en
captu
re
it
by
envel
opin
g
it,
refe
rred
to
as
phagocy
tosi
s.
When
phag
ocy
tosi
s co
mple
tes,
an e
nzy
me
call
ed l
yso
zym
e, w
hic
h h
elps
to d
isso
lve
the
bac
teri
um
, is
rel
ease
d w
ithin
the
gra
nulo
cyte
in a
pro
cess
cal
led d
egra
nula
tion
. T
his
enzy
me
bre
aks
dow
n t
he
bac
teri
um
's c
ell
wal
ls,
and t
he
cell
ruptu
res
wh
en i
t ca
n n
o l
onger
bea
r th
e osm
oti
c pre
ssure
. T
his
seq
uen
ce i
s know
n a
s bact
erio
lysi
s.
7.
Wh
y P
us
is G
ener
ate
d
When
one
is i
nju
red,
pus
gat
her
s ar
ound t
he
wound.
This
pus
is t
he
rem
ains
of
whit
e blo
od c
ells
that
die
d
fighti
ng b
acte
ria.
When
tis
sue
bec
om
es i
nfl
amed
wit
h i
nju
ry,
whit
e blo
od c
ells
wil
l gat
her
aro
und t
hat
are
a. W
hit
e blo
od c
ells
wil
l die
one
afte
r th
e oth
er f
ighti
ng b
acte
ria,
but
they
are
rep
lenis
hed
by t
he
circ
ula
tory
syst
em.
Concu
rren
tly,
bone
mar
row
wil
l pro
duce
and s
end o
ut
more
whit
e blo
od c
ells
than
norm
al.
In t
his
fas
hio
n,
whit
e blo
od c
ells
wit
hin
the
body i
ncr
ease
sudden
ly i
n o
rder
to d
eal
wit
h a
n i
nfl
amm
atio
n w
hen
one
occ
urs
.
Pla
tele
ts
Pla
tele
ts a
re t
hin
cir
cula
r or
elli
pti
cal
cell
s w
ith a
dia
met
er
of
2-3
µm
, w
ith
about
200,0
00-4
00,0
00
pla
tele
ts i
n e
ver
y 1
mm
³ of
blo
od.
As
wit
h r
ed b
lood
cell
s, t
hey
are
mad
e in
the
mar
row
and p
ut
out
into
circ
ula
ting b
lood.
A p
late
let’
s li
fe s
pan
is
bet
wee
n
7-1
0 d
ays.
8.
Fu
nct
ion
of
Pla
tele
ts
A s
mal
l cu
t or
abra
sion w
ill
stop b
leed
ing i
n a
mat
ter
of
min
ute
s if
le
ft
alone.
T
his
is
bec
ause
blo
od
coag
ula
tes
due
to
the
blo
od-c
oag
ula
tion
fact
or
appea
ring
in
the
pla
tele
ts,
pla
sma
and
dam
aged
ti
ssue,
re
sult
ing
in
a cu
rdle
d
mas
s of
blo
od c
alle
d a
clo
t. A
blo
od c
lot
is f
orm
ed b
y t
he
foll
ow
ing s
equen
ce.
Mig
rati
on
A
dh
esio
n
Ph
ag
ocy
tosi
s
Deg
ran
ula
tio
n
Bact
erio
l ysi
s
Blo
od
ves
sel
Bac
teri
a
Gra
nu
locy
te
Gra
nu
locy
te m
oves
to
b
acte
ria-
infe
cted
tis
sue
It a
ttac
hes
its
elf
to t
he
bac
teri
a.
It t
hen
cap
ture
s th
e
bac
teri
a b
y e
nvel
op
ing i
t.
Nu
cleu
s
Gra
nu
les
Bac
teri
a-dis
solv
ing
enzy
me
(lyso
zym
e) r
elea
sed
. B
acte
ria
cell
bro
ken
dow
n
and
dig
este
d a
s n
utr
imen
ts.
Blo
od
Clo
ttin
g
Red
blo
od
cel
ls
Pla
tele
ts
Blo
od
ves
sel W
ou
nd
Coll
agen
wit
hin
vas
cula
r w
alls
exp
ose
d.
Pla
tele
ts a
dh
ere
and
cl
um
p t
oget
her
.
Coag
ula
tion
beg
ins
Fib
rin
is
mad
e.
Com
ple
ted
clo
t
Pla
tele
ts
Pla
sma
Dam
aged
T
issu
e
Coag
ula
tion
Prothrombin
Thrombin
Fibrin
Fibrinogen
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
1.
When
inju
red a
nd t
he
blo
od v
esse
ls o
f th
e dam
aged
tis
sue
are
torn
, m
ater
ials
such
as
coll
agen
wit
hin
the
vas
cula
r w
alls
bec
om
e ex
pose
d.
If blo
od to
uch
es th
ese
mat
eria
ls,
pla
tele
ts w
ill
adher
e to
su
ch ar
eas,
clum
pin
g t
oget
her
to c
ause
tis
sue
deg
ener
atio
n a
nd r
elea
sing i
ts c
oag
ula
tion f
acto
r. A
sep
arat
e co
agula
tion
fact
or
appea
rs i
n p
lasm
a an
d t
he
dam
aged
tis
sue.
2.
Thes
e co
agula
tion f
acto
rs w
ork
toget
her
wit
h c
alci
um
ion (
Ca2
+)
to c
han
ge
pro
thro
mbin
in p
lasm
a in
to
thro
mbin
.
3.
Thro
mbin
chan
ges
a p
rote
in c
alle
d f
ibri
nogen
into
fib
re-s
hap
ed f
ibri
n, al
so c
alle
d c
ellu
lose
.
4.
Fib
rin m
akes
red
blo
od c
ells
adher
e to
the
area
, pro
duci
ng a
clo
t.
In a
ddit
ion, m
ater
ials
sep
arat
ed a
nd r
efin
ed u
sing t
hro
mbin
and f
ibri
n a
re u
sed a
s st
ypti
cs t
o s
top b
leed
ing.
An
ima
ls w
ith
no
Red
Blo
od
Cel
ls
Oth
er t
han
ver
tebra
tes,
ther
e ar
e ap
pro
xim
atel
y 1
00 v
arie
ties
of
inver
tebra
te a
nim
als
livin
g i
n t
he
seas
such
as
red c
lam
s an
d s
poonw
orm
s th
at h
ave
red b
lood f
low
ing t
hro
ugh t
hem
lik
e hum
ans.
Thes
e an
imal
s hav
e re
d
blo
od c
ells
just
lik
e hum
ans
do.
How
ever
, an
nel
ids
such
as
the
sandw
orm
and l
eech
, as
wel
l as
mid
ge
larv
ae h
ave
red b
lood w
ith n
o r
ed b
lood
cell
s. I
n s
uch
cre
ature
s, h
aem
oglo
bin
is
dis
solv
ed i
nto
pla
sma
to m
ake
the
blo
od r
ed.
Furt
her
more
, th
e blo
od o
f cr
ust
acea
ns
such
as
pra
wns
and c
rabs,
and m
oll
usc
s li
ke
the
squid
and o
ctopus
is
blu
e, n
ot
red. T
his
is
bec
ause
thei
r blo
od h
as a
pig
men
t ca
lled
hae
mocy
anin
in p
lace
of
hae
moglo
bin
.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Ap
pen
dix
Str
uct
ure
an
d F
un
ctio
n o
f th
e H
eart
Th
e H
eart
The
hea
rt i
s lo
cate
d i
n t
he
ches
t ca
vit
y b
etw
een t
he
lungs,
sit
uat
ed s
lightl
y t
o t
he
left
of
centr
e. T
he
hea
rt i
s
about
the
size
of
a cl
ose
d f
ist,
wei
ghin
g 2
00-3
00g.
Card
iac
Mu
scle
s: M
usc
les
of
the
Hea
rt
The
wal
ls o
f th
e hea
rt a
re m
ade
of
a sp
ecia
l m
usc
le
tiss
ue
call
ed c
ardia
c m
usc
le f
ibre
. T
he
wal
ls o
f at
rium
s
are
not
par
ticu
larl
y
thic
k,
but
as
the
ven
tric
les
use
gre
at pre
ssure
to
push
blo
od out
to th
e body,
th
eir
wal
ls a
re m
ade
of
thic
k m
usc
le.
The
wal
l of
the
left
ven
tric
le i
n p
arti
cula
r, w
hic
h p
um
ps
blo
od o
ut
to t
he
cell
s of
the
enti
re b
ody,
is
3 t
imes
as
thic
k a
s th
at o
f
the
left
ven
tric
le.
Hea
rt V
alv
es
The
hum
an h
eart
has
the
foll
ow
ing 4
val
ves
.
Atr
ioven
tric
ula
r V
alv
es:
Bet
wee
n A
triu
ms
an
d V
entr
icle
s
Tri
cusp
id v
alve:
thre
e-fl
apped
val
ve
bet
wee
n t
he
right
atri
um
and r
ight
ven
tric
le
Bic
usp
id val
ve:
tw
o-f
lapped
val
ve
bet
wee
n th
e le
ft at
rium
and l
eft
ven
tric
le
Valv
es a
t th
e B
ase
of
Art
erie
s
Aort
ic v
alve
Pulm
onar
y v
alve
Thes
e val
ves
are
cal
led s
emil
unar
valv
es a
s th
ey h
ave
thre
e
hal
f-m
oon s
hap
ed c
usp
s.
Atr
ium
s an
d V
entr
icle
s
The
hum
an hea
rt is
m
ade
up of
two at
rium
s, le
ft an
d
right,
w
hic
h
take
in
blo
od
fr
om
th
e vei
ns,
an
d
two
ven
tric
les
whic
h
send
blo
od
out
to
the
arte
ries
. B
lood
alw
ays
flow
s fr
om
the
atri
um
s to
the
ven
tric
les.
In a
sta
te o
f re
st,
the
amount
of
5l
of
blo
od i
s se
nt
out
by e
ach
of
the
left
and r
ight
ven
tric
les
per
min
ute
for
a to
tal
of
14,4
00 l
itre
s of
blo
od p
er d
ay.
Pu
lmo
nar
y V
alve
Ao
rtic
Val
ve
Bic
usp
id V
alve
Tri
cusp
id V
alve
Ven
a C
ava
Ao
rta
Ven
a C
ava
Rig
ht
Ven
tric
le
Ven
tric
le
Lef
t
Lef
t
Atr
ium
Rig
ht
Atr
ium
Pu
lmo
nar
y
Vei
n
Pu
lmo
nar
y
Art
ery
Pu
lmo
nar
y
Pu
lmo
nar
y
Vei
n
Art
ery
Mak
e-u
p o
f th
e H
um
an
Hea
rt
Fro
m b
od
y
Fro
m b
od
y
To
bod
y
To
lu
ngs
To
lu
ngs
Th
e at
riu
m e
xp
and
s,
an
d b
lood
flo
ws
from
the
vei
ns
into
th
e at
riu
m. T
he
atri
um
con
trac
ts a
s th
e
ven
tric
le e
xp
and
s, a
nd
b
lood
flo
ws
from
th
e
atri
um
to t
he
ven
tric
le.
Th
e ven
tric
le c
on
trac
ts,
and
blo
od
flo
ws
from
th
e
ven
tric
le t
o t
he
arte
ries
.
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Hea
rtb
eat
an
d P
uls
e
Hea
rtb
eat
The
hea
rtbea
t ca
n b
e hea
rd b
y p
laci
ng a
ste
thosc
ope
bel
ow
the
left
nip
ple
. T
her
e ar
e tw
o t
ypes
of
hea
rt
sounds,
oft
en d
escr
ibed
as
a lu
b a
nd a
dub.
This
reg
ula
r bea
ting s
ound i
s giv
en o
ff w
hen
the
val
ves
of
the
hea
rt o
pen
and c
lose
. T
he
firs
t hea
rt s
ound i
s th
at o
f th
e at
rioven
tric
ula
r val
ves
clo
sing,
at w
hic
h t
ime
the
pulm
onar
y v
alve
and a
ort
ic v
alve
are
open
, push
ing b
lood o
ut
of
the
hea
rt. T
he
seco
nd h
eart
sound i
s th
at o
f
the
sem
ilunar
val
ves
clo
sing,
in w
hic
h b
lood i
s se
nt
from
the
atri
um
s in
to t
he
contr
acte
d v
entr
icle
s.
Pu
lse
Bec
ause
of
the
hig
h f
lexib
ilit
y o
f ar
teri
es,
the
hea
rt’s
bea
t is
mo
men
tari
ly t
ransm
itte
d
thro
ughout
the
body d
ue
to c
ontr
acti
on o
f
the
ven
tric
les.
This
is
call
ed a
puls
e, a
nd i
s
norm
ally
aro
und 6
5-7
0 b
eats
per
min
ute
.
Hea
rt-M
ain
tain
ing
Co
ron
ary
Art
eri
es
The
musc
ula
r ce
lls
mak
ing u
p t
he
hea
rt
nee
d t
o e
xch
ange
subst
ance
s w
ith b
lood j
ust
like
the
rest
of
the
body i
n o
rder
to s
ust
ain
life
. T
his
does
not
mea
n,
how
ever
, th
at t
he
hea
rt c
an s
imply
use
the
enorm
ous
amounts
of
blo
od f
low
ing t
hro
ugh i
t.
The
blo
od v
esse
ls m
ainta
inin
g t
he
hea
rt
bra
nch
off
im
med
iate
ly a
fter
lea
vin
g t
he
left
ven
tric
le to
dis
trib
ute
blo
od to
th
e hea
rt’s
surf
ace
and a
re c
alle
d c
oro
nar
y a
rter
ies.
Ma
ke-
up
of
Blo
od
Ves
sels
Dif
fere
nce
Bet
wee
n A
rter
ies
an
d V
ein
s
Art
eria
l w
alls
are
mad
e of
3 l
ayer
s. T
he
mid
dle
lay
er,
or
med
ia,
is m
ade
of
smooth
musc
le a
nd i
s ver
y t
hic
k.
The
inner
most
layer
, know
n a
s th
e in
tim
a,
and t
he
med
ia b
oth
hav
e co
nnec
tive
tiss
ue
mad
e of
elas
tic
fibre
s, m
akin
g t
hem
fle
xib
le a
nd a
ble
to
wit
hst
and t
he
hig
h p
ress
ure
of
blo
od w
ith l
ittl
e ch
ange.
Heart Make-up Blood Circulation
Su
per
ior
Ven
a C
ava
Rig
ht
Au
ricl
e
Rig
ht
Coro
nar
y
Art
ery R
ight
Ven
tric
le
Ven
tric
le
Lef
t
Lef
t C
oro
nar
y
Art
ery
Au
ricl
e L
eft
Pu
lmon
ary
Art
ery
Ao
rta
Blood Flow
Val
ve
Art
ery
Vei
n
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Ap
pen
dix
Blo
od
Com
pon
ents
See
n T
hro
ugh
an
Ele
ctro
n M
icro
scop
e
Blo
od
Co
mp
on
ents
Wh
ite
Blo
od
Cel
ls
Red
Blo
od
Cel
ls
Pic
ture
fro
m e
lect
ron
mic
rosc
op
e
(22
00
x m
agnif
icat
ion)
Ele
men
t F
orm
F
un
ctio
n
Red
Blo
od
Cel
ls
Whit
e B
loo
d C
ells
Pla
tele
ts
Pla
sma
Liq
uid
Sm
all
and
amorp
hous
Cir
cula
r S
ha
pe
cha
ng
es
wh
en f
ore
ign
ob
ject
/ b
act
eria
is c
ap
ture
d.
Ell
ipti
cal
wit
h
inden
tati
on i
n
centr
e.
Car
ries
oxygen
. T
he
body
bec
om
es a
nem
ic w
ithout
enough r
ed b
lood c
ells
.
Bre
aks
dow
n f
ore
ign o
bje
cts
and
bac
teri
a.
Har
den
s blo
od w
hen
ble
edin
g
occ
urs
.
Dis
solv
es n
utr
imen
ts a
nd
unnee
ded
subst
ance
s.
Fig
ure
25
H
um
an B
lood
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Ap
pen
dix
Cel
ls a
nd
Tis
sue
Flu
ids
of
the
Bod
y
Pla
sma
Red
Blo
od
Cel
l
Car
bo
n D
ioxid
e
Ox
ygen
Nu
trim
ents
Un
nee
ded
Su
bst
ance
s
Cel
ls o
f th
e b
od
y
Cap
illa
ry
Tis
sue
Flu
id
Pla
sma
oo
zes
ou
t fr
om
the
cap
illa
ries
an
d
bec
om
es t
issu
e fl
uid
.
Pat
tern
Dia
gra
m:
Cel
ls a
nd
tis
sue
flu
ids
of
the
bo
dy
Fig
: 26
HU
MA
N B
OD
Y7
th g
rad
e
Ap
pen
dix
Str
uct
ure
of
the
Hu
man
Hea
rt
Fro
m H
and
s /
Hea
d
To
Bo
dy
To
Lef
t L
un
g
Fro
m L
eft
Lu
ng
To
Ab
do
men
/
Lo
wer
Bo
dy
Fro
m A
bd
om
en /
L
ow
er B
od
y
To
Rig
ht
Lu
ng
Fro
m R
igh
t L
un
g
Th
e H
um
an H
eart
F
ig.
27
Add
itio
nal
Lea
rnin
g
Hea
rt
Ma
ke-u
p a
nd
Fu
ncti
on
s –
Pa
ttern
Dia
gra
m
Th
e h
eart
is
bro
ken
in
to f
ou
r ch
amb
ers.
To
Bo
dy
To
Lu
ngs
Fro
m L
eft
Lu
ng
Fro
m R
igh
t L
un
g
Fro
m H
and
s /
Hea
d
Left
Atr
ium
Val
ves
R
ight A
triu
m
Rig
ht
Ven
tric
le
Left
Ven
tric
le
Fro
m A
bd
om
en /
Lo
wer
Bo
dy
Th
e at
riu
m e
xp
and
s
and
blo
od
flo
ws
in.
Blo
od
Flo
w
Blo
od
flo
ws
into
th
e
ven
tric
le a
s th
e
atri
um
co
ntr
acts
an
d
the
ven
tric
le e
xp
and
s.
Th
e ven
tric
le
exp
and
s an
d b
lood
flo
ws
ou
t.
