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HUMAN BODY 6th grade 6 th Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height and weight will suddenly increase as internal organs develop. Secondary sexual characteristics will develop and reproductive organs will also start to mature. Some of these children will also experience menstruation (periods) or ejaculation. Such new experiences can be a shocking event, and there will be those who will have concerns and worries or view their own sexuality negatively, not knowing how to react. Additionally, sudden growth in certain individuals' bodies and gender differences will affect them mentally. This can result in them showing great interest in their own bodily development and changes or possibly feeling a sense of inferiority. These secondary sexual characteristics are accompanied by mental states of insecurity particular to adolescence. Therefore, in order to deepen understanding about secondary sexual characteristics with a focus on the reproductive system, our aim is for pupils to understand the differences in name and function of male and female reproduction, reduce their anxiety and worries associated with menstruation(periods) and ejaculation, and be able to adapt to their own sexuality. Hope is that they will also actively deal with emotional changes associated with secondary sexual characteristics, handle their own sexuality and develop an attitude of understanding and consideration for those of the opposite sex. Objectives: what pupils are expected to achieve in this unit Know the names and functions of the various male and female reproductive organs, and become capable of actively dealing with their own sexuality while correctly understanding secondary sexual characteristics. Realize the anxiety and worries that will come with secondary sexual characteristics and become capable of adapting to their own sexuality. Have mutual respect between girls and boys and develop an attitude that respects those of the opposite sex the same as oneself. HUMAN BODY 6th grade Interrelation of contents of each grade * The order below is as shown in the syllabus. Grade What to teach (Human Body) 1 st Grade Exterior parts of the human body – head (eyes, ears, nose, hair, mouth), neck, chest, arms (hands, elbows, fingers, nails), legs (knees, feet, toes, toenails)) 2 nd Grade The five senses – smell, taste, touch, sight and hearing Using sensory organs 3 rd Grade Sight – eyesight and far, close, big, and small objects Using proper body language for your community including facial expression and hand signals 4 th Grade Types of teeth – incisors, canines, premolars and molars The function of different tooth types Development of teeth (losing baby teeth, eruption of permanent teeth) 5 th Grade Respiratory system names – nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm Function of the respiratory system – nose, trachea, lungs, diaphragm Digestive system names – mouth (teeth and tongue), oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, colon, rectum, anus Function of the digestive system – teeth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon 6 th Grade (This unit) Organs of the reproductive system - female (ovaries, oviducts, womb, vagina) and male (testes, urethra, penis) Various functions of the reproductive system Adolescent changes – bodily changes, male and female 7 th Grade Organs of the circulatory system – heart, blood, blood vessels Components and function of blood – plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets Types and function of blood vessels – arteries, veins, capillaries Structure and function of the heart –atrial auricle (atriums), ventricles, blood vessels (aorta, vena cava, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery) 8 th Grade Fertilisation Foetal development – zygote, embryo, foetus The process of birth Excretory organs and waste products – skin (epidermis, dermis, sweat glands, sweat as a waste product), lungs (nose, trachea, and carbon dioxide as a waste product), kidneys (kidney's appearance, urethra, bladder, waste products from
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(Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

Oct 18, 2020

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Page 1: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

6th

Gra

de:

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y

(Rep

rod

uct

ive

Sy

stem

an

d B

od

y C

ha

ng

es i

n A

do

lesc

ence

)

Ra

tio

na

l o

f th

is u

nit

At

this

age,

ch

ildre

n's

hei

gh

t an

d w

eight

wil

l su

dden

ly i

ncr

ease

as

inte

rnal

org

ans

dev

elop.

Sec

ondar

y s

exual

char

acte

rist

ics

wil

l dev

elop a

nd r

epro

duct

ive

org

ans

wil

l al

so s

tart

to m

ature

. S

om

e of

thes

e ch

ildre

n w

ill

also

exper

ience

men

stru

atio

n (

per

iods)

or

ejac

ula

tion.

Su

ch n

ew e

xper

ience

s ca

n b

e a

shock

ing e

ven

t, a

nd t

her

e w

ill

be

those

who w

ill

hav

e co

nce

rns

and w

orr

ies

or

vie

w t

hei

r ow

n s

exual

ity n

egat

ivel

y, n

ot

know

ing h

ow

to r

eact

.

Addit

ional

ly,

sudden

gro

wth

in c

erta

in i

ndiv

idual

s' b

odie

s an

d g

ender

dif

fere

nce

s w

ill

affe

ct t

hem

men

tall

y. T

his

can r

esult

in t

hem

show

ing g

reat

inte

rest

in t

hei

r ow

n b

odil

y d

evel

op

men

t an

d c

han

ges

or

poss

ibly

fee

ling a

sense

of

infe

riori

ty.

Thes

e se

condar

y s

exual

char

acte

rist

ics

are

acco

mpan

ied b

y m

enta

l st

ates

of

inse

curi

ty

par

ticu

lar

to a

dole

scen

ce.

Ther

efore

, in

ord

er

to

dee

pen

under

stan

din

g

about

seco

ndar

y

sexual

ch

arac

teri

stic

s w

ith

a fo

cus

on

the

repro

duct

ive

syst

em,

our

aim

is

for

pupil

s to

under

stan

d t

he

dif

fere

nce

s in

nam

e an

d f

unct

ion o

f m

ale

and

fem

ale

repro

duct

ion,

reduce

thei

r an

xie

ty a

nd w

orr

ies

asso

ciat

ed w

ith m

enst

ruat

ion(p

erio

ds)

and e

jacu

lati

on,

and b

e ab

le t

o a

dap

t to

thei

r ow

n s

exual

ity.

Hope

is t

hat

they

wil

l al

so a

ctiv

ely d

eal

wit

h e

moti

onal

chan

ges

asso

ciat

ed

wit

h

seco

ndar

y

sexual

ch

arac

teri

stic

s,

han

dle

th

eir

ow

n

sexual

ity

and

dev

elop

an

atti

tude

of

under

stan

din

g a

nd c

onsi

der

atio

n f

or

those

of

the

opposi

te s

ex.

Ob

ject

ives

: w

hat

pu

pil

s are

exp

ecte

d t

o a

chie

ve

in t

his

un

it

Know

the

nam

es a

nd f

unct

ions

of

the

var

ious

mal

e an

d f

emal

e re

pro

duct

ive

org

ans,

and b

ecom

e ca

pab

le o

f

acti

vel

y d

eali

ng w

ith t

hei

r o

wn s

exual

ity w

hil

e co

rrec

tly u

nder

stan

din

g s

econdar

y s

exual

char

acte

rist

ics.

Rea

lize

the

anxie

ty a

nd w

orr

ies

that

wil

l co

me

wit

h s

econdar

y s

exual

char

acte

rist

ics

and b

ecom

e ca

pab

le

of

adap

ting t

o t

hei

r ow

n s

exual

ity.

Hav

e m

utu

al r

espec

t bet

wee

n g

irls

and b

oys

and d

evel

op a

n a

ttit

ude

that

res

pec

ts t

ho

se o

f th

e opposi

te s

ex

the

sam

e as

ones

elf.

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

Inte

rrel

ati

on

of

co

nte

nts

of

each

gra

de

* T

he

ord

er b

elow

is

as

show

n i

n t

he

syll

abus.

Gra

de

Wh

at

to t

each

(H

um

an

Bod

y)

1st

G

rade

Exte

rior

par

ts o

f th

e hum

an b

ody –

hea

d (

eyes

, ea

rs,

nose

, hai

r, m

outh

), n

eck,

ches

t, a

rms

(han

ds,

elb

ow

s, f

inger

s, n

ails

), l

egs

(knee

s, f

eet,

toes

, to

enai

ls))

2nd G

rade

The

five

sense

s – s

mel

l, t

aste

, to

uch

, si

ght

and h

eari

ng

Usi

ng s

enso

ry o

rgan

s

3rd

Gra

de

Sig

ht

– e

yes

ight

and f

ar, cl

ose

, big

, an

d s

mal

l obje

cts

Usi

ng p

roper

body l

anguag

e fo

r your

com

munit

y i

ncl

udin

g f

acia

l ex

pre

ssio

n

and h

and s

ignal

s

4th

Gra

de

Types

of

teet

h –

inci

sors

, ca

nin

es, pre

mola

rs a

nd m

ola

rs

The

funct

ion o

f dif

fere

nt

tooth

types

Dev

elopm

ent

of

teet

h (

losi

ng b

aby t

eeth

, er

upti

on o

f per

man

ent

teet

h)

5th

Gra

de

Res

pir

atory

syst

em n

ames

– n

ose

, tr

achea

, bro

nch

i, l

ungs,

dia

phra

gm

Funct

ion o

f th

e re

spir

atory

syst

em –

nose

, tr

achea

, lu

ngs,

dia

phra

gm

Dig

esti

ve

syst

em nam

es – m

outh

(t

eeth

an

d to

ngue)

, oes

ophag

us,

st

om

ach,

smal

l in

test

ine,

liv

er,

pan

crea

s, c

olo

n, re

ctum

, an

us

Funct

ion o

f th

e dig

esti

ve

syst

em –

tee

th,

oes

ophag

us,

sto

mac

h,

smal

l in

test

ine,

colo

n

6th

G

rade

(This

unit

)

Org

ans

of

the

repro

duct

ive

syst

em -

fem

ale

(ovar

ies,

ovid

uct

s, w

om

b,

vag

ina)

and m

ale

(tes

tes,

ure

thra

, pen

is)

Var

ious

funct

ions

of

the

repro

duct

ive

syst

em

Adole

scen

t ch

anges

– b

odil

y c

han

ges

, m

ale

and f

emal

e

7th

Gra

de

Org

ans

of

the

circ

ula

tory

syst

em –

hea

rt, blo

od, blo

od v

esse

ls

Com

ponen

ts a

nd f

unct

ion o

f blo

od –

pla

sma,

red

blo

od c

ells

, w

hit

e blo

od c

ells

,

pla

tele

ts

Types

and f

unct

ion o

f blo

od v

esse

ls –

art

erie

s, v

eins,

cap

illa

ries

Str

uct

ure

and f

unct

ion o

f th

e hea

rt –

atri

al a

uri

cle

(atr

ium

s),

ven

tric

les,

blo

od

ves

sels

(ao

rta,

ven

a ca

va,

pulm

onar

y v

ein, pulm

onar

y a

rter

y)

8th

Gra

de

Fer

tili

sati

on

Foet

al d

evel

op

men

t – z

ygote

, em

bry

o, fo

etus

The

pro

cess

of

bir

th

Excr

etory

org

ans

and w

aste

pro

duct

s – s

kin

(ep

ider

mis

, der

mis

, sw

eat

gla

nds,

swea

t as

a w

aste

pro

duct

), l

ungs

(nose

, tr

achea

, an

d c

arbon d

ioxid

e as

a w

aste

pro

duct

), k

idney

s (k

idney

's a

ppea

rance

, ure

thra

, bla

dder

, w

aste

pro

duct

s fr

om

Page 2: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

the

ure

thra

as

uri

ne

Bef

ore

sta

rtin

g t

his

un

it

Cu

rren

t le

arn

ing s

tatu

s of

the

pu

pil

s

To

a c

erta

in e

xte

nt

6th g

rade

chil

dre

n a

lrea

dy k

now

about

the

dif

fere

nce

s bet

wee

n t

he

mal

e an

d f

emal

e bod

y, b

ut

they

do n

ot

hav

e a

corr

ect

under

stan

din

g o

f th

ings

like

men

stru

atio

n(p

erio

ds)

and e

jacu

lati

on t

hat

com

e w

ith t

he

mat

ura

tion

of

repro

duct

ive

org

ans.

T

hey

al

so

do

no

t under

stan

d

that

em

oti

onal

ch

anges

ac

com

pan

y

dev

elopm

ent

of

seco

ndar

y s

exual

char

acte

rist

ics.

Pre

para

tory

Note

s

Pupil

s ar

e to

wri

te o

n t

hei

r w

ork

shee

ts a

nd m

ove

thro

ugh t

hei

r st

udy w

hil

e co

nfi

rmin

g d

etai

ls s

uch

that

each

one

of

them

pro

per

ly u

nder

stan

ds

the

dif

fere

nce

s in

the

mal

e an

d f

emal

e body a

s w

ell

as t

he

nam

es

and f

unct

ion o

f th

e re

pro

duct

ive

org

ans.

Tea

cher

s ar

e to

giv

e w

arm

advic

e an

d g

uid

ance

to l

et p

upil

s under

stan

d t

hat

ther

e ar

e dif

fere

nce

s in

the

phen

om

ena

of

how

mal

e an

d f

emal

e re

pro

duct

ive

org

ans

mat

ure

, but

that

thes

e ar

e pro

of

that

they

are

gro

win

g u

p i

nto

adult

s. A

lso g

ive

advic

e su

ch t

hat

they

can

acc

ept

thei

r ow

n s

exual

ity a

nd u

nder

stan

d e

ach

oth

er.

Ob

ject

ives

to

be

ach

iev

ed b

y c

om

pete

ncy

Inte

rest

, m

oti

vati

on

, an

d a

ttit

ud

e

1.

To

wil

lingly

in

ves

tigat

e ques

tions

they

m

ay

hav

e w

ith

thei

r in

tere

st

in

mal

e an

d

fem

ale

bodil

y

dev

elopm

ent.

2.

To w

illi

ngly

in

ves

tigat

e ques

tions

they

may

hav

e w

ith t

hei

r in

tere

st i

n a

dole

scen

t bodil

y c

han

ges

.

Sci

enti

fic

thin

kin

g a

nd

com

mu

nic

ati

on

act

ivit

ies

1.

Abil

ity t

o r

elat

e an

d e

xam

ine

the

stru

cture

and f

unct

ion o

f re

pro

duct

ive

org

ans,

ente

r th

em i

n t

he

work

shee

t

and e

xpla

in t

hem

.

2.

Ab

ilit

y t

o e

xam

ine

bodil

y c

han

ges

that

wil

l occ

ur

to t

hem

whil

e co

mp

arin

g t

o t

hei

r cu

rren

t bodie

s.

Kn

ow

led

ge,

un

der

stan

din

g, an

d s

kil

ls i

n o

bse

rvati

on

an

d e

xp

erim

enta

tion

1.

Ab

ilit

y t

o k

now

the

nam

es o

f th

e fe

mal

e re

pro

duct

ive

org

ans

(vag

ina,

wom

b,

endoce

rvix

, ovum

, ovar

ies

and o

vid

uct

s).

2.

Abil

ity t

o u

nder

stan

d t

he

funct

ion o

f th

e fe

mal

e re

pro

duct

ive

org

ans

(ovar

ies,

ovid

uct

s, w

om

b, vag

ina)

.

3.

Ab

ilit

y t

o k

now

the

nam

es o

f th

e m

ale

repro

duct

ive

org

ans

(pen

is, ure

thra

, sc

rotu

m, te

stes

, sp

erm

atic

duct

).

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

4.

Ab

ilit

y t

o u

nder

stan

d t

he

funct

ion o

f th

e m

ale

repro

duct

ive

org

ans

(tes

tes,

sper

mat

ic d

uct

, pen

is,

ure

thra

and s

crotu

m).

5.

Ab

ilit

y t

o u

nder

stan

d t

he

physi

cal

and e

moti

onal

chan

ges

boys

and g

irls

go t

hro

ugh.

6.

To

know

about

HIV

/AID

S a

nd o

ther

sex

ual

ly t

ransm

itte

d d

isea

ses

and t

he

import

ance

of

pre

ven

ting t

hem

.

Idea

s b

ehin

d t

he

stru

ctu

rin

g t

he

un

it

Str

uct

ura

l il

lust

rati

ons

to i

nves

tigat

e an

d a

ctiv

itie

s ai

min

g a

t bet

ter

under

stan

din

g o

f th

e nam

es a

nd f

unct

ions

of

mal

e an

d f

emal

e re

pro

duct

ive

org

ans

hav

e bee

n i

ncl

uded

. In

thes

e ac

tivit

ies,

we

mak

e pupil

s re

aliz

e th

ings

like

how

the

nam

es a

nd f

unct

ions

of

repro

duct

ive

org

ans

may

be

dif

fere

nt

but

they

are

pro

of

that

they

are

gro

win

g

up i

nto

adult

men

and w

om

en,

and t

hat

rep

roduct

ion h

as t

he

import

ant

funct

ion o

f bri

ngin

g a

new

lif

e in

to t

he

worl

d.

Tea

cher

s sh

ould

att

empt

to c

reat

e a

clas

sroom

en

vir

on

men

t in

whic

h p

upil

s under

stan

d e

ach o

ther

and

can a

ccep

t th

eir

ow

n s

exual

ity.

Illu

stra

tions

hav

e bee

n p

repar

ed s

uch

that

pupil

s ca

n p

erce

ive

the

bodil

y c

han

ges

of

the

mal

e an

d f

emal

e bod

y

and c

om

par

e th

em, an

d a

lso e

nte

r w

hat

they

hav

e fi

gure

d o

ut

on w

ork

shee

ts.

Un

it t

each

ing

pla

n

(9 p

erio

ds

+ 1

per

iod

for

the

Fin

al

Un

it E

valu

ati

on

Tes

t)

* T

he

num

eric

val

ue

in p

aren

thes

es r

epre

sents

the

corr

espondin

g p

erio

d (

e.g. 1)

mea

ns

the

firs

t per

iod).

*(E

valu

ati

on:

Know

ledge

and S

kill

s 1),

(E

valu

ati

on:

Inte

rest

1),

etc

. in

dic

ate

the

poin

ts a

t w

hic

h t

each

ers

can

chec

k w

het

her

the

pupil

s hav

e at

tain

ed t

he

goal

s sp

ecif

ied i

n t

he

sect

ion O

bje

ctiv

es b

ase

d o

n t

he

view

poin

t.

Su

b-U

nit

Des

crip

tio

n

1.

Na

mes

an

d F

un

ctio

n o

f

Fem

ale

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s

(3 p

erio

ds)

1)

Fin

d o

ut

the

nam

es o

f fe

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e org

ans

nee

ded

to

pas

s o

n n

ew l

ife

and

rec

ord

them

in

th

e w

ork

shee

t.

Un

der

stan

d th

e n

ames

o

f th

e fe

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s (v

agin

a, w

om

b,

endo

cerv

ix,

ovu

m,

ovar

ies

and

ovid

uct

s).

(Eva

lua

tion

: In

tere

st 1

, K

no

wle

dge

an

d S

kill

s 1

)

2-3

) F

ind

ou

t th

e fu

nct

ion

s o

f fe

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s an

d r

eco

rd t

hem

in

th

e w

ork

shee

t.

Un

der

stan

d t

he

fun

ctio

n o

f th

e fe

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s (o

var

ies,

ovid

uct

s, w

om

b a

nd

vag

ina)

.

(Eva

lua

tion

: T

hin

king

a

nd

R

epre

sen

tati

on

1

, K

no

wle

dg

e a

nd

Ski

lls

2)

2.

Na

mes

an

d F

un

ctio

n o

f M

ale

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s

4)

Fin

d o

ut

the

nam

es o

f m

ale

rep

rodu

ctiv

e o

rgan

s n

eed

ed t

o p

ass

on

new

lif

e an

d r

eco

rd

them

in

th

e w

ork

shee

t.

Page 3: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

(2 p

erio

ds)

Un

der

stan

d t

he

nam

es o

f th

e m

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

ans

(pen

is,

ure

thra

, sc

rotu

m,

test

es a

nd

sper

mat

ic d

uct

).

(Eva

lua

tion

: In

tere

st 1

, K

no

wle

dge

an

d S

kill

s 3

)

5)

Fin

d o

ut

the

fun

ctio

ns

of

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s an

d r

eco

rd t

hem

in

th

e w

ork

shee

t.

Un

der

stan

d t

he

fun

ctio

n o

f th

e m

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

ans

(tes

tes,

sp

erm

atic

du

ct,

pen

is,

ure

thra

and

scr

otu

m).

(Eva

lua

tion

: T

hin

king

a

nd

R

epre

sen

tati

on

1

, K

no

wle

dg

e a

nd

Ski

lls

2)

Inte

rmed

iate

Rev

iew

(No

tim

e al

lott

ed)

Giv

e th

e “1

st a

nd

2n

dS

ub

-Un

it R

evie

w T

est.

(Ho

mew

ork

can

be

giv

en d

epen

din

g o

n t

he

pro

gre

ss o

f th

e cl

ass.

)

3. A

dole

scen

t B

od

y C

ha

ng

es

(4 p

erio

ds)

6)

Dis

cuss

th

e ch

anges

of

the

mal

e an

d f

emal

e b

od

y d

uri

ng a

dole

scen

ce. (Eva

lua

tion

: In

tere

st 2

)

7)

Dis

cuss

em

oti

on

al c

han

ges

du

rin

g a

do

lesc

ence

. (Eva

lua

tion

: T

hin

king

and

Rep

rese

nta

tio

n 2

)

8)

Mak

e an

d u

nd

erst

and

con

nec

tio

ns

bet

wee

n t

he

ph

ysi

cal

and

em

oti

on

al c

han

ges

du

rin

g

ado

lesc

ence

an

d r

eco

rd f

ind

ings

in t

he

wo

rksh

eet.

Un

der

stan

d t

he

ph

ysi

cal

and

em

oti

on

al c

han

ges

bo

ys

and

gir

ls g

o t

hro

ugh

.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 5

)

9)

War

n p

up

ils

abou

t p

regn

ancy

wh

ile

affi

rmin

g t

he

imp

ort

ance

of

pre

ven

tio

n f

or

sexu

ally

tran

smit

ted

dis

ease

s li

ke

HIV

/AID

S.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 6

)

Inte

rmed

iate

Rev

iew

(No

tim

e al

lott

ed)

Giv

e th

e “3

rdS

ub

-Un

it R

evie

w T

est/

(Ho

mew

ork

can

be

giv

en d

epen

din

g o

n t

he

pro

gre

ss o

f th

e cl

ass.

)

Un

it E

nd

Revie

w

(1 p

erio

d)

10

) T

each

er g

ives

th

e “F

inal

Un

it E

valu

ati

on

Tes

t.”

Les

son

Pla

n

1.

Na

mes

an

d F

un

ctio

n o

f F

em

ale

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s (3

Per

iod

s: 1

st -

3rd

per

iod

)

2.

Na

mes

an

d F

un

ctio

n o

f M

ale

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s2

Per

iod

s: 4

th -

5th

per

iod

Goals

of

this

su

b-u

nit

Gai

n t

he

abil

ity t

o w

illi

ngly

inves

tigat

e ques

tions

they

may

hav

e w

ith t

hei

r in

tere

st i

n m

ale

and f

emal

e

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

bodil

y d

evel

op

men

t.

Ab

ilit

y t

o r

elat

e an

d e

xam

ine

the

stru

cture

and f

unct

ion o

f re

pro

duct

ive

org

ans

and e

xpla

in t

hem

.

Abil

ity t

o k

now

and u

nder

stan

d t

he

nam

es a

nd f

unct

ion o

f th

e fe

mal

e re

pro

duct

ive

org

ans.

Abil

ity t

o k

now

and u

nder

stan

d t

he

nam

es a

nd f

unct

ion o

f th

e m

ale

repro

duct

ive

org

ans.

Mate

rial

Pre

para

tion

s

Mat

eria

ls, te

xtb

ook a

nd w

ork

shee

t ab

out

the

nam

es a

nd f

unct

ion o

f m

ale

and f

emal

e re

pro

duct

ive

org

ans.

Per

iod

1:

Nam

es o

f F

emale

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s

Lea

rn

ing

flo

w a

nd

act

ivit

yT

each

ing

Hin

ts a

nd

Ad

vic

e

Intr

od

uct

ion

5 m

ins.

Hu

man

men

an

d w

om

en h

ave

chil

dre

n a

nd p

ass

on

new

lif

e in

to t

he

wo

rld

. H

ow

do o

ur

bo

die

s ch

ange

wh

en w

e b

eco

me

adu

lts

to a

llo

w t

his

to h

app

en?

Are

ther

e d

iffe

ren

ces

dep

end

ing o

n w

het

her

yo

u a

re a

bo

y

or

gir

l?

Mak

e th

e p

upil

s th

ink a

bou

t th

e d

iffe

ren

ces

bet

wee

n

mal

e an

d

fem

ale

bo

die

s w

hil

e sh

ow

ing

figu

res

of

mal

e an

d f

emal

e si

lho

uet

tes.

Aft

er d

iscu

ssin

g t

he

dif

fere

nce

s in

mal

e an

d f

emal

e

bo

die

s, a

dvis

e th

e p

up

ils

in f

ind

ing o

ut

abou

t fe

mal

e

rep

rodu

ctiv

e o

rgan

s.

(Eva

lua

tion

: In

tere

st

1)

To

wil

lin

gly

in

ves

tigat

e

qu

esti

on

s th

ey m

ay h

ave

wit

h t

hei

r in

tere

st i

n m

ale

and

fem

ale

bo

dil

y d

evel

op

men

t.

Qu

esti

on

sF

ind

ou

t th

e n

ames

o

f th

e fe

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s re

late

d to

h

avin

g

chil

dre

n

and

reco

rd th

em

on

yo

ur

wo

rksh

eet.

Inv

esti

gati

ve

Stu

dy

20

min

s.

Usi

ng t

he

mat

eria

ls p

rovid

ed,

fin

d o

ut

the

nam

es o

f

the

fem

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

ans

(vag

ina,

w

om

b,

end

oce

rvix

, o

vu

m,

ovar

ies

and

ovid

uct

s),

and

rec

ord

them

in

yo

ur

wo

rksh

eet.

Th

e p

art

that

pro

du

ces

eggs

is c

alle

d t

he

ovar

y.

(Ref

er t

o p

g. 4

2 r

ega

rdin

g w

ork

shee

t)

Gu

ide

the

pup

ils

in

con

firm

ing

the

nam

es

and

po

siti

on

s w

hil

e lo

okin

g a

t th

e m

ater

ials

an

d t

extb

oo

k.

Hav

e th

em r

eco

rd t

hei

r fi

nd

ings

in t

he

wo

rksh

eet.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e a

nd

S

kill

s 1

)Ab

ilit

y to

kno

w

the

nam

es o

f th

e fe

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s (v

agin

a,

wo

mb

, en

do

cerv

ix,

ovu

m,

ovar

ies

and

ovid

uct

s).

Pre

sen

tati

on

10

min

s.

Pre

sen

t th

e n

ames

of

fem

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

ans

that

yo

u i

nves

tigat

ed a

nd

rec

ord

ed i

n y

ou

r w

ork

shee

t.

Let

tin

g

pu

pil

s dis

cuss

in

gro

up

s an

d

pre

sen

t a

sum

mar

y i

s ac

cep

tab

le.

Inst

ruct

th

e pu

pil

s to

b

rin

g

the

wo

rksh

eets

n

ext

per

iod a

s th

ey w

ill

be

use

d a

gai

n.

Hav

ing t

hem

tu

rn

Ova

ry

Wo

mb

C

orp

us

Lu

teu

m

Ov

um

Ovid

uct

Page 4: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

them

in

is

fin

e, a

s th

is w

ill

allo

w y

ou

to

avo

id p

up

ils

forg

etti

ng t

hei

r sh

eets

in

th

e n

ext

per

iod.

Per

iod

2-3

: F

un

ctio

n o

f F

emale

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s

Lea

rn

ing

flo

w a

nd

act

ivit

yT

each

ing

Hin

ts a

nd

Ad

vic

e

Rev

iew

Intr

od

uct

ion

5 m

ins.

Co

nfi

rm t

he

nam

es o

f th

e fe

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s

(vag

ina,

w

om

b,

end

oce

rvix

, o

vu

m,

ov

arie

s an

d

ovid

uct

s) t

hat

yo

u f

ou

nd

ou

t in

the

last

per

iod.

Rec

hec

k t

he

nam

es u

sin

g t

he

wo

rksh

eet

fro

m t

he

last

per

iod.

Tel

l th

e ch

ild

ren

th

at i

n t

his

per

iod

yo

u w

ill

con

tinu

e

by

fin

din

g

ou

t th

e fu

nct

ion

s o

f th

e fe

mal

e o

rgan

s

nam

ed a

nd

rec

ord

ing t

hem

.

Qu

esti

on

sF

ind o

ut

the

fun

ctio

ns

of

the

fem

ale

rep

rodu

ctiv

e o

rgan

s.

Inv

esti

gati

ve

Stu

dy

55

min

s.

Usi

ng t

he

mat

eria

ls p

rovid

ed,

fin

d o

ut

the

fun

ctio

ns

of

the

fem

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

ans

(ovar

ies,

ovid

uct

s,

wo

mb

, vag

ina)

, an

d r

eco

rd t

hem

in

yo

ur

wo

rksh

eet.

Th

e w

om

b i

s w

her

e th

e eg

g b

eco

mes

a b

aby.

Th

e o

var

ies

are

wh

ere

the

eggs

com

e fr

om

.

Th

e v

agin

a is

wh

ere

the

bab

y c

om

es t

hro

ugh

wh

en i

t

is b

orn

.

Gu

ide

the

pu

pil

s in

con

firm

ing t

he

fun

ctio

ns

wh

ile

loo

kin

g a

t th

e m

ater

ials

an

d t

extb

oo

k.

Hav

e th

em r

eco

rd t

hei

r fi

nd

ings

in t

he

wo

rksh

eet.

(Eva

lua

tion

: T

hin

kin

g a

nd

Rep

rese

nta

tion

1)

Ab

ilit

y t

o

rela

te

and

ex

amin

e th

e st

ruct

ure

an

d

fun

ctio

n

of

rep

rodu

ctiv

e o

rgan

s, e

nte

r th

em i

n t

he

wo

rksh

eet

and

exp

lain

th

em.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d

Ski

lls

2)

Ab

ilit

y

to

un

der

stan

d

the

fun

ctio

n

of

the

fem

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

ans

(ovar

ies,

ovid

uct

s, w

om

b,

vag

ina)

.

Pre

sen

tati

on

10

min

s.

Pre

sen

t th

e fu

nct

ion

s o

f fe

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s

that

yo

u i

nves

tigat

ed a

nd

rec

ord

ed i

n y

ou

r w

ork

shee

t.

Let

tin

g

pu

pil

s dis

cuss

in

gro

up

s an

d

pre

sen

t a

sum

mar

y i

s ac

cep

tab

le.

Th

is w

ork

shee

t w

ill

be

use

d in

th

e n

ext

per

iod

as

wel

l to

co

mp

are

to

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s,

so

inst

ruct

th

e p

up

ils

to

bri

ng

the

wo

rksh

eets

n

ext

per

iod a

s w

ell.

Hav

ing t

hem

tu

rn t

hem

in

is

fin

e, a

s

this

wil

l al

low

yo

u t

o a

vo

id p

up

ils

forg

etti

ng t

hei

r

shee

ts i

n t

he

nex

t p

erio

d.

Per

iod

4:

Nam

es o

f M

ale

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s

Lea

rn

ing

flo

w a

nd

act

ivit

yT

each

ing

Hin

ts a

nd

Ad

vic

e

Intr

od

uct

ion

5 m

ins.

Fro

m

fem

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

ans,

w

e co

nti

nu

e

stu

dyin

g t

his

tim

e w

ith

th

e m

ale

bo

dy.

Aft

er d

iscu

ssin

g th

e d

iffe

ren

ces

in m

ale

and

fe

mal

e

bo

die

s, t

his

tim

e ad

vis

e th

e p

up

ils

in f

ind

ing o

ut

abo

ut

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

Ho

w d

o m

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

ans

dif

fer

fro

m f

emal

e

on

es?

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e org

ans.

(Eva

lua

tion

: In

tere

st

1)

To

wil

lin

gly

in

ves

tigat

e

qu

esti

on

s th

ey m

ay h

ave

wit

h t

hei

r in

tere

st i

n m

ale

and

fem

ale

bo

dil

y d

evel

op

men

t.

Qu

esti

on

sF

ind o

ut

the

nam

es o

f m

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

ans

and

rec

ord

th

em i

n t

he

wo

rksh

eet.

Inv

esti

gati

ve

Stu

dy

20

min

s.

Usi

ng t

he

mat

eria

ls p

rovid

ed,

fin

d o

ut

the

nam

es o

f

the

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s (p

enis

, u

reth

ra,

test

es,

scro

tum

an

d s

per

mat

ic d

uct

), a

nd r

eco

rd t

hem

in

yo

ur

wo

rksh

eet.

Th

e te

stes

(si

ngula

r te

stis

) p

rod

uce

sp

erm

.

(Ref

er t

o p

g. 4

3 r

ega

rdin

g w

ork

shee

t)

Gu

ide

the

pup

ils

in

con

firm

ing

the

nam

es

and

po

siti

on

s w

hil

e lo

okin

g

at

the

mat

eria

ls

and

textb

oo

k.

Hav

e th

em r

eco

rd t

hei

r fi

nd

ings

in t

he

wo

rksh

eet.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 3

) A

bil

ity t

o k

no

w

the

nam

es

of

the

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s (p

enis

,

ure

thra

, sc

rotu

m,

test

es a

nd

sp

erm

atic

du

ct).

Pre

sen

tati

on

10

min

s.

Pre

sen

t th

e n

ames

of

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e org

ans

that

yo

u i

nves

tigat

ed a

nd

rec

ord

ed i

n y

ou

r w

ork

shee

t.

Let

tin

g

pu

pil

s d

iscu

ss

in

gro

up

s an

d

pre

sen

t a

sum

mar

y i

s ac

cep

tab

le.

Inst

ruct

th

e p

up

ils

to

bri

ng

the

wo

rksh

eets

n

ext

per

iod

as

they

wil

l b

e u

sed

agai

n.

Hav

ing t

hem

tu

rn

them

in

is

fin

e, a

s th

is w

ill

allo

w y

ou

to a

vo

id p

upil

s

forg

etti

ng t

hei

r sh

eets

in

th

e n

ext

per

iod.

Per

iod

5:

Fu

nct

ion

of

Male

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s

Lea

rn

ing

flo

w a

nd

act

ivit

yT

each

ing

Hin

ts a

nd

Ad

vic

e

Rev

iew

Intr

od

uct

ion

5 m

ins.

Co

nfi

rm t

he

nam

es o

f th

e m

ale

rep

rodu

ctiv

e o

rgan

s

(pen

is,

ure

thra

, sc

rotu

m,

test

es a

nd

sp

erm

atic

du

ct)

that

yo

u f

ou

nd

ou

t in

th

e la

st p

erio

d.

Rec

hec

k t

he

nam

es u

sin

g t

he

wo

rksh

eet

fro

m t

he

last

per

iod.

Tel

l th

e ch

ild

ren

th

at i

n t

his

per

iod

yo

u w

ill

con

tinu

e

by

fin

din

g

ou

t th

e fu

nct

ion

s of

the

mal

e o

rgan

s

nam

ed a

nd

rec

ord

ing t

hem

.

Qu

esti

on

sF

ind o

ut

the

fun

ctio

ns

of

the

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s.

Sp

erm

ati

c D

uct

B

lad

der

Ure

thra

Fro

nt

Pro

state

G

lan

d

Rec

tum

Pen

is

Ep

idid

ym

is

Tes

ticl

e (T

esti

s)

Page 5: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

Inv

esti

gati

ve

Stu

dy

20

min

s.

Usi

ng t

he

mat

eria

ls p

rovid

ed,

fin

d o

ut

the

fun

ctio

ns

of

the

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s (t

este

s,

sper

mat

ic

du

cts,

p

enis

, u

reth

ra

and

se

min

al

ves

icle

s),

and

reco

rd t

hem

in

yo

ur

wo

rksh

eet.

Gu

ide

the

pu

pil

s in

con

firm

ing t

he

fun

ctio

ns

wh

ile

loo

kin

g a

t th

e m

ater

ials

an

d t

extb

oo

k.

Hav

e th

em r

eco

rd t

hei

r fi

nd

ings

in t

he

wo

rksh

eet.

(Eva

lua

tion

: T

hin

kin

g a

nd

Rep

rese

nta

tion

1)

Ab

ilit

y t

o

rela

te

and

ex

amin

e th

e st

ruct

ure

an

d

fun

ctio

n

of

rep

rodu

ctiv

e o

rgan

s, en

ter

them

in

th

e w

ork

shee

t an

d

exp

lain

th

em.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d

Ski

lls

4)

Ab

ilit

y

to

un

der

stan

d t

he

fun

ctio

n o

f th

e m

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

ans

(tes

tes,

sp

erm

atic

d

uct

, p

enis

, u

reth

ra

and

se

min

al

ves

icle

s).

Pre

sen

tati

on

10

min

s.

Pre

sen

t th

e fu

nct

ion

s o

f m

ale

rep

rodu

ctiv

e o

rgan

s

that

yo

u i

nves

tigat

ed a

nd

rec

ord

ed i

n y

ou

r w

ork

shee

t.

Let

tin

g

pu

pil

s dis

cuss

in

gro

up

s an

d

pre

sen

t a

sum

mar

y i

s ac

cep

tab

le.

An

no

un

ce

that

th

ey

wil

l le

arn

abou

t b

od

ily

and

emo

tio

nal

ch

anges

du

rin

g

ado

lesc

ence

in

th

e n

ext

per

iod.

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

[Wo

rksh

eet]

---

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

* T

o b

e u

sed

in

1st-3

rd P

erio

ds

Nam

es a

nd

Fu

nct

ion

s of

the

Fem

ale

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s

Da

te:

C

lass

:

N

am

e:

Fin

d o

ut

the

nam

es a

nd f

unct

ion

s of

the

fem

ale

rep

rodu

ctiv

e o

rgan

s an

d e

nte

r th

em b

elo

w.

Nu

mb

er

Na

me

Fu

nct

ion

1O

vu

m (

pl.

: ova

)T

he

fem

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

cell

. T

his

dev

elop

s in

to a

bab

y.

2O

vary

T

his

pro

du

ces

ova. P

rod

uce

s on

e ovu

m e

ver

y 2

8 d

ays.

3W

om

b

Wh

ere

the

ovu

m d

evel

op

s in

to a

bab

y.

4

Ute

rin

e L

inin

g

(Ute

rine

Muco

us

Mem

bra

ne)

Wh

ere

the

bab

y a

bso

rbs

nu

trie

nts

fro

m.

5V

agin

a

Wh

ere

the

bab

y

com

es

ou

t.

Als

o

kn

ow

n

as

the

bir

th

can

al.

6O

vid

uct

(Fall

op

ian

Tu

be)

T

ub

es w

hic

h m

ov

e th

e eg

gs

fro

m o

va

ry t

o t

he

wo

mb

.

* K

eep

th

is w

ork

shee

t fo

r th

e n

ext

cla

ss.

1 2

3

5

4

6

Fem

ale

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s

Page 6: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

[Wo

rksh

eet]

---

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

* T

o b

e u

sed

in

4th-5

th P

erio

ds

Nam

es a

nd

Fu

nct

ion

s of

the

Male

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s

Da

te:

Cla

ss:

N

am

e:

Fin

d o

ut

the

nam

es a

nd f

unct

ion

s of

the

mal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s an

d e

nte

r th

em b

elo

w.

Nu

mb

er

Nam

e F

un

ctio

n

1S

emin

al

Ves

icle

s W

her

e th

e li

qu

id s

per

m s

wim

in

is

pro

du

ced

.

2S

per

m

Th

e m

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

cell

s.

3T

esti

cles

or

Tes

tis

(pl.

:T

este

s)W

her

e sp

erm

are

pro

du

ced

.

4P

rost

ate

Gla

nd

W

her

e th

e li

qu

id f

rom

th

e se

min

al

ves

icle

s an

d s

per

m a

re

mix

ed t

o m

ak

e se

men

.

5P

enis

W

her

e sp

erm

are

in

trod

uce

d i

nto

th

e fe

ma

le b

od

y f

rom

.

6S

per

m D

uct

T

ub

es w

hic

h m

ove

sper

m f

rom

th

e te

stes

to t

he

ure

thra

.

* K

eep

th

is w

ork

shee

t fo

r th

e n

ext

cla

ss.

1 2 354

6

Ma

le R

epro

du

ctiv

e

Org

an

s

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

1st a

nd

2n

d S

ub

-Un

it R

evie

w T

est

* T

o b

e use

d a

t th

e en

d o

f 5

th P

erio

d

Cla

ss:

N

am

e:

En

ter

the

nam

es o

f th

e fe

mal

e an

d m

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

ans.

Num

ber

N

ame

Num

ber

N

ame

1S

per

m7

Sem

ina

l V

esic

les

2O

va

ry8

Sp

erm

Du

ct

3W

om

b

9S

per

m

4U

teri

ne

Lin

ing

(Ute

rine

Muco

us

Mem

bra

ne)

10

Tes

ticl

es o

r T

esti

s (p

l.:

Tes

tes)

5V

ag

ina

11

P

rost

ate

Gla

nd

6O

vid

uct

(F

all

op

ian

Tu

be)

1

2P

enis

1 2

3

5

4

7 9

10

11

12

6

8

Fem

ale

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s

Ma

le R

epro

du

ctiv

e

Org

an

s

Page 7: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

Fin

al

Un

it E

va

lua

tio

n T

est

*D

one

at U

nit

End

Cla

ss:

Nam

e:

1. A

nsw

er t

he

foll

ow

ing q

ues

tio

ns

abo

ut

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

ans.

(i)

The

figu

re b

elo

w h

as c

ross

-sec

tio

n d

iagra

ms

of

mal

e an

d f

emal

e re

pro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s. G

ive

the

nam

es o

f it

ems

1 –

10 b

elow

usi

ng t

he

lett

ers

of

the

answ

ers

a.

- j.

bel

ow

th

e fi

gu

re.

a. V

agin

a b

. O

vu

m

c. S

emin

al V

esic

les

d.

Ovar

y

e.

Tes

tis

f. S

per

m

g.

Pro

stat

e G

lan

d

h.

Ute

rin

e L

inin

g(U

teri

ne

Mu

cous

Mem

bra

ne)

i.

Pen

is

j. W

om

b

1 (

g.

)

2 (

i.

) 3

( c.

)

4 (

f.)

5 (

e.

)

6 (

b.

) 7

( d

. )

8 (

j.

)

9 (

h.

) 1

0 (

a.

)

(ii)

Ab

ou

t h

ow

lo

ng i

s th

e cy

cle

on

wh

ich

th

e o

var

ies

pro

du

ce o

va?

(

28

da

ys

(ab

ou

t 1

mo

nth

))

(iii

) W

hat

is

it c

alle

d w

hen

yo

u e

jacu

late

in

yo

ur

slee

p w

hen

see

ing a

sex

ual

dre

am?

(W

et d

ream

)

(iv)

Wh

at i

s it

cal

led

when

a f

erti

lize

d e

gg m

oves

do

wn

th

e o

vid

uct

to

th

e w

om

b a

nd

sli

ps

into

the

ute

rin

e li

nin

g?

( Im

pla

nta

tio

n

)

(v)

Wh

at i

s th

e o

rgan

wh

ich

mo

ves

th

e eg

gs

fro

m o

var

y t

o t

he

wo

mb

cal

led?

(

O

vid

uct

(F

all

op

ian

Tu

be)

)

Ma

le R

ep

rod

uct

ive O

rga

ns

Fem

ale

Rep

rod

uct

ive O

rg

an

s

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

2.

En

ter

the

appro

pri

ate

word

s in

the

bla

nks

bel

ow

ab

ou

t ch

anges

fro

m a

do

lesc

ence

.

(i)

The

bo

dil

y c

han

ges

in

gir

ls a

nd

bo

ys

that

ap

pea

r d

uri

ng p

ub

erty

are

cal

led (

ph

ysi

cal

cha

ng

es).

Du

rin

g th

is p

erio

d,

repro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s b

egin

to

m

atu

re.

(O

va

) beg

in to

m

atu

re in

th

e

ovar

ies,

an

d (

sper

m

) ar

e pro

duce

d i

n t

he

test

es.

(ii)

Ch

anges

in

fee

lin

gs

and

beh

avio

ur

that

ap

pea

r du

ring p

ub

erty

are

cal

led

(

emo

tio

nal

cha

nges

).

(iii

)In

(i

i) ab

ove,

ch

emic

al su

bst

ance

s p

rodu

ced b

y th

e b

od

y ca

lled

(

ho

rmo

nes

)

bri

ng ab

out

chan

ges

in

yo

ur

(fe

elin

gs

) th

at y

ou

can

no

t ex

pla

in.

This

can

bri

ng a

bo

ut

feel

ings

of

ten

sion

bet

wee

n y

ou

ths

and

th

e peo

ple

aro

und

them

.

Page 8: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

Stu

den

t Q

ues

tio

nn

air

es

1.

Wh

at

kin

ds

of

stu

dy

ing h

av

e y

ou

do

ne

in t

he

past

fo

r th

e a

bov

e te

st p

rob

lem

s?

0.

No

ne

at a

ll

This

was

do

ne

10

% o

f th

e ti

me

for

all

pro

ble

ms.

1.

No

This

was

do

ne

30

% o

f th

e ti

me

for

all

pro

ble

ms.

2.

Aver

age

This

was

do

ne

50

% o

f th

e ti

me

for

all

pro

ble

ms.

3.

Yes

T

his

was

do

ne

70

% o

f th

e ti

me

for

all

pro

ble

ms.

4.

Ab

solu

tely

yes

T

his

was

do

ne

over

90%

of

the

tim

e fo

r al

l pro

ble

ms.

An

swer

ing

Qu

esti

on

s u

sin

g P

ictu

res

an

d D

iag

ram

s in

th

e T

extb

oo

k o

r Il

lust

rati

on

s D

raw

n o

n t

he

Bla

ckb

oard

1.

Th

e S

tud

ents

answ

ered

th

e q

ues

tio

ns

by w

alkin

g u

p t

o t

he

bo

ard

an

d d

raw

ing d

iagra

ms

or

wri

tin

g

word

s.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

2.

Th

e te

ach

er a

sked

an

d a

nsw

ered

th

e qu

esti

on

s b

y d

raw

ing d

iagra

ms

or

wri

tin

g w

ord

s on

the

bo

ard

.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

3.

Qu

esti

on

s w

ere

answ

ered

usi

ng p

ictu

res

and

dia

gra

ms

in t

he

tex

tbo

ok.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Exp

erim

ents

1.

Did

the

stu

den

ts c

on

duct

any e

xp

erim

ents

or

obse

rvat

ion

s?

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

2.

Th

e te

ach

er c

on

du

cted

th

e ex

per

imen

ts.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4

.

3.

The

stu

den

ts c

on

du

cted

the

exp

erim

ents

by f

oll

ow

ing t

he

teac

her

’s i

nst

ruct

ions.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Dis

cuss

ion

an

d T

hin

kin

g

4.

We

talk

ed w

ith

fri

end

s in

the

clas

s an

d t

ho

ugh

t ab

ou

t th

e p

roble

ms.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

We

tho

ugh

t ab

ou

t th

e p

rob

lem

s ca

refu

lly w

ith

fri

end

s an

d s

tate

d o

ur

idea

s lo

gic

ally

.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

6.

We

tho

ugh

t ab

ou

t th

e pro

ble

ms

care

full

y

wh

en

com

ing

up

w

ith

a

hyp

oth

esis

an

d

afte

r th

e

exp

erim

ent.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Un

der

sta

nd

ing

Id

eas

7.

I w

as a

ble

to

un

der

stan

d n

ew i

dea

s.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

8.

I w

as a

ble

to

see

new

vie

wp

oin

t o

f lo

okin

g a

t an

d t

hin

kin

g a

bo

ut

scie

nce

.

0.

1.

2.

3

. 4

.

9.

I w

as a

ble

to

gra

sp t

he

pri

nci

ple

s hid

den

ben

eath

th

e fa

cts.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Ap

pli

cati

on

of

Kn

ow

led

ge

10

. I

was

ab

le t

o a

pp

ly t

he

new

kn

ow

led

ge

that

I l

earn

ed i

n s

cho

ol

in m

y d

aily

lif

e.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

11.

The

teac

her

has

ex

pla

ined

th

at t

he

new

kn

ow

led

ge

thin

gs

the

stu

den

ts a

re l

earn

ing i

n s

choo

l ar

e

con

nec

ted w

ith

act

ual

lif

e.

0.

1.

2.

3

. 4

.

12

. I

was

ab

le t

o l

earn

th

at t

he

new

pri

nci

ple

s an

d v

iew

po

ints

to

war

d s

cien

ce c

an b

e ap

pli

ed t

o a

var

iety

of

dif

fere

nt

phen

om

ena.

0.

1.

2.

3

. 4

.

Pu

rsu

ing K

now

led

ge

thro

ugh

Pro

ble

m S

olv

ing

13

. W

e w

ere

firs

t giv

en a

pro

ble

m a

nd

th

en w

ere

to s

olv

e th

at p

roble

m.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

14

. W

e m

ade

pre

dic

tion

s, p

ut

then

to

th

e te

st,

form

ula

te s

cien

tifi

c ex

pla

nat

ion

s, a

nd p

ut

them

to

pra

ctic

al

use

.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

15

. T

he

stu

den

ts w

ere

asked

to v

erif

y t

hro

ugh

th

e ex

per

imen

t th

at t

hey

had

cre

ated

a h

yp

oth

esis

as

wel

l

as a

pla

n f

or

the

ob

serv

atio

n.

0.

1.

2.

3

.

4.

Page 9: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

2.

Wh

en y

ou

lea

rned

ea

ch u

nit

fo

r th

e a

bo

ve

test

pro

ble

ms,

did

yo

u b

ecom

e in

tere

sted

in

th

e

ma

teri

al?

0.

No

ne

at a

ll

This

was

tru

e 1

0%

of

the

tim

e fo

r al

l p

rob

lem

s.

1.

No

This

was

tru

e 3

0%

of

the

tim

e fo

r al

l p

rob

lem

s.

2.

Aver

age

This

was

tru

e 5

0%

of

the

tim

e fo

r al

l p

rob

lem

s.

3.

Yes

T

his

was

tru

e 7

0%

of

the

tim

e fo

r al

l p

rob

lem

s.

4.

Ab

solu

tely

yes

T

his

was

tru

e o

ver

90

% o

f th

e ti

me

for

all

pro

ble

ms.

Inte

rest

an

d M

oti

va

tio

n

1.

I w

as v

ery i

nte

rest

ed i

n s

cien

ce l

esso

ns.

0.

1.

2

.

3.

4

.

2.

I b

ecam

e m

ore

moti

vat

ed t

o l

earn

.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

3.

I w

as i

nte

rest

ed i

n w

hat

we

wer

e le

arn

ing f

rom

sta

rt t

o f

inis

h.

0.

1.

2

.

3.

4

.

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

an

d I

nv

olv

emen

t

4.

I w

as a

ctiv

ely e

ngag

ed i

n l

earn

ing t

he

top

ic.

0.

1.

2

.

3.

4

.

5.

I en

joyed

lea

rnin

g t

he

topic

so

much

I l

ost

tra

ck o

f ti

me.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

6.

I w

as v

ery f

ocu

sed

on l

earn

ing t

op

ic m

ater

ial

but

at t

he

sam

e ti

me,

I w

as a

lso

ver

y e

xci

ted

an

d

enjo

yed

myse

lf.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

Coop

erati

on

an

d C

oll

ab

ora

tion

7.

I en

joyed

th

e le

arnin

g p

roce

ss w

hil

e co

llab

ora

tin

g w

ith

fri

ends.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

8.

I w

as a

ble

to

lea

rn t

hro

ugh

co

op

erat

ion

an

d m

utu

al s

upp

ort

wit

h m

y f

rien

ds.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

9.

I sh

ared

my e

xp

erim

ents

and

id

eas

wit

h m

y f

rien

ds

and w

e al

l h

ad a

fun

tim

e le

arnin

g t

oget

her

.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

Lev

el o

f E

arn

estn

ess

an

d E

njo

ym

ent

du

rin

g E

xp

erim

ents

10

. T

he

exper

imen

ts w

ere

ver

y e

njo

yab

le.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

11

. S

ince

ex

per

imen

ts n

eed

fiv

e se

nse

s, I

car

efu

lly m

oved

my h

and

s an

d e

yes

wh

en c

oll

ecti

ng t

he

dat

a.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

12

. D

uri

ng t

he

exp

erim

ents

, I

reco

rded

my o

bse

rvat

ions

accu

rate

ly a

nd

car

efu

lly.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

Sp

irit

of

Inq

uir

y

13

. I

began

to

hav

e m

ore

an

inquir

ing m

ind

to

war

d n

ew d

isco

ver

ies.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

14

.I

bec

ame

ver

y e

xci

ted a

nd

curi

ou

s ab

ou

t ch

alle

ngin

g t

he

un

kn

ow

n.

0.

1.

2

.

3.

4

.

15

. I

mad

e a

stro

ng e

ffo

rt t

o l

earn

wh

at i

s kn

ow

n b

y t

ryin

g t

o f

ind

exam

ple

s, d

raw

ing i

llu

stra

tio

ns,

an

d

thro

ugh

dis

cuss

ion

s an

d e

xp

erim

ents

.

0.

1.

2

.

3.

4

.

Lo

gic

an

d O

bje

ctiv

ity

16

. I

atte

mp

ted

to

fin

d p

len

ty o

f ev

iden

ce a

nd

fac

ts t

o c

hec

k w

het

her

my h

yp

oth

esis

hel

d t

rue.

0.

1

. 2

.

3.

4.

17

. I

was

ab

le t

o c

on

firm

th

at t

he

pri

nci

ple

s an

d c

once

pts

wer

e tr

ue

by a

pp

lyin

g t

hem

to

act

ual

lif

e.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

18

. T

he

expla

nat

ion

s w

ere

ver

y c

on

vin

cin

g a

nd

eas

y t

o u

nd

erst

and

for

the

enti

re c

lass

. I

was

ver

y

sati

sfie

d w

ith t

he

inte

rpre

tati

ons

whic

h w

ere

logic

al a

nd

acc

ord

ed w

ith t

he

tru

th.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

Page 10: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

Ap

pen

dix

Na

mes

of

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Org

an

s

Fem

ale

rep

rod

uct

ive

org

an

s

Ma

le r

epro

du

ctiv

e o

rga

ns

Ov

ary

Wom

b

Corp

us

Lu

teu

m

Ov

idu

ct

Ov

um

(E

gg)

Fro

nt

Sem

ina

l V

esic

le

Uri

na

ryB

lad

der

Pen

is

Ep

idid

ym

is

Tes

ticl

es (

Tes

tes)

Pro

state

G

lan

d

Rec

tum

Ure

thra

(Fa

llo

pia

n T

ub

e)

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

Ap

pen

dix

* t

o b

e u

sed

in

1st-5

th P

erio

ds

Men

stru

ati

on

(p

erio

ds)

an

d E

jacu

lati

on

To

kyo S

ho

seki

JH

S

Hea

lth

Ed

uca

tio

n,

20

07

Ed

. (p

.11

)

Men

stru

ati

on

(p

erio

ds)

an

d E

jacu

lati

on

Wh

en g

irls

rea

ch p

ub

erty

thei

r o

var

ies

dev

elo

p,

and

a m

atu

re o

vu

m

is l

et o

ut

of

the

ovar

y a

t a

per

iod o

f ab

out

once

ever

y 2

5-3

6 d

ays.

This

p

roce

ss is

ca

lled

o

vu

lati

on

, an

d it

is

d

uri

ng th

is p

erio

d t

hat

pre

gn

ancy

is

po

ssib

le.

If t

he

ovu

m i

s n

ot

fert

ilis

ed,

the

thic

ken

ed

po

rtio

n o

f th

e ute

rine

lin

ing c

om

es o

ff a

nd

is

evac

uat

ed o

uts

ide

the

bo

dy a

lon

g w

ith

blo

od

. T

his

pro

cess

is

call

ed m

enst

ruat

ion

(p

erio

ds)

.

Als

o f

or

bo

ys,

th

eir

test

es d

evel

op

an

d s

per

m a

re a

ctiv

ely p

rod

uce

d

wit

hin

th

em.

Wh

en

sem

en

fill

ed

wit

h

sper

m

pas

sed

th

rou

gh

th

e

ure

thra

an

d a

re e

xp

elle

d f

rom

th

e b

od

y, t

his

is

call

ed e

jacu

lati

on

.

The

firs

t m

enst

ruat

ion

(p

erio

ds)

an

d e

jacu

lati

on a

re k

no

wn

as

the

firs

t m

enst

ruat

ion

(per

iod

s) (

per

iod

) an

d w

et d

ream

s. T

he

age

for

on

set

of

firs

t m

enst

ruat

ion (

per

iod

s) i

n g

irls

an

d f

irst

eja

cula

tio

n i

n

bo

ys

wil

l d

iffe

r b

etw

een

ind

ivid

ual

s.

Mo

vem

ent

of

Sp

erm

PL

US

Men

stru

ati

on

Per

iod

s

Ref

ers

to t

he

per

iod

fro

m t

he

day

men

stru

ati

on b

egin

s to

the

day

b

efo

re t

he

next

men

stru

atio

n

b

egin

s. T

his

is

usu

ally

bet

wee

n 2

6

30

day

s.

Inte

rnal

Sec

reti

on –

P. 1

32

Fig

ure

: F

emale

Rep

rod

uct

ive

Sy

stem

an

d M

enst

ruati

on

Pro

cess

Va

gin

a

Ov

um

(E

gg

)

Ov

idu

ct

(F

all

op

ian

Tu

be)

Wo

mb

Ov

ary

Th

e o

vu

m b

egin

s to

gro

w a

nd

th

e u

teri

le

li

nin

g b

egin

s to

thic

ken

.

Th

e o

vu

m l

eaves

th

e

ovar

y (

ovu

lati

on

)

and

is

sen

t to

th

e

wo

mb

via

th

e o

vid

uct

.

Th

e u

teri

le l

inin

g

get

s ev

en t

hic

ker

,

mak

ing i

t ea

sier

fo

r

the

ovu

m t

o s

ettl

e.

If t

he

ovu

m i

sn’t

fert

ilis

ed,

the

ute

rile

lin

ing c

om

es o

ff a

nd

the

bo

dy.

is

evac

uat

ed f

rom

Page 11: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

Ap

pen

dix

* t

o b

e u

sed

in

6th-8

th P

erio

ds

Gro

wth

an

d D

evel

op

men

t in

Pu

ber

ty

To

kyo S

ho

seki

JH

S H

ealt

h E

du

cati

on, 20

07

Ed.

(p.7

)

Gro

wth

an

d D

evel

op

men

t of

Org

an

s d

uri

ng

Pu

ber

ty

Ou

r b

od

ies

gro

w

and

dev

elo

p

wit

h

age

as

they

ar

e in

flu

ence

d

by

exp

erie

nce

fro

m t

he

var

ious

exer

cise

s an

d a

ctiv

itie

s w

e d

o.

Th

ere

are

two

p

erio

ds

bef

ore

ad

ult

ho

od

in

w

hic

h ou

r m

usc

les,

lu

ngs,

hea

rt,

and

m

ost

o

rgan

s ex

per

ien

ce

rapid

gro

wth

, an

d

aro

un

d

mid

dle

sch

ool

age

is e

xac

tly w

her

e th

e se

con

d o

f th

ese

per

iod

s, w

hic

h i

s ca

lled

pu

ber

ty .

Du

rin

g

pu

ber

ty,

repro

du

ctiv

e o

rgan

s su

ch

as

the

ovar

ies

and

te

stes

dev

elo

p

rap

idly

d

ue

to

go

nad

otr

opic

h

orm

on

es.

This

m

akes

b

od

ily

chan

ges

an

d

mal

e or

fem

ale

char

acte

rist

ics

not

seen

b

efore

*

bec

om

e

clea

rly v

isib

le.

Due

to t

hes

e h

orm

on

es,

the

pre

par

atio

ns

to g

row

in

to a

n

adu

lt

are

fin

ally

b

egin

nin

g

as

thes

e m

ale

and

fem

ale

char

acte

rist

ics

bec

om

e m

ore

def

ined

.

Gro

wth

an

d D

evel

op

men

t in

Pu

ber

ty

Du

rin

g t

he

per

iod

of

tran

siti

on

fro

m c

hil

dh

oo

d t

o a

du

ltho

od

, kn

ow

n a

s

pu

ber

ty,

hei

gh

t an

d w

eigh

t w

ill

rap

idly

in

crea

se w

ith

in

fluen

ce b

y g

row

th

and

sex

ho

rmo

nes

*.

Th

is c

orr

esp

on

ds

wit

h t

he

seco

nd

per

iod

of

rapid

gro

wth

in

ou

r li

ves

. G

irls

en

ter

pu

ber

ty a

n a

ver

age

of

2 y

ears

ear

lier

th

an

bo

ys,

an

d a

lso

fin

ish

th

eir

gro

wth

ear

lier

th

an b

oys

do

.

PL

US

* S

uch

ch

arac

teri

stic

s ar

e re

ferr

ed t

o a

s se

con

da

ryse

xua

l ch

ara

cter

isti

cs.

* R

efer

to

p. 11

on s

ex

h

orm

on

es.

Gro

wth

Horm

on

esT

her

e is

a s

ub

stan

ce t

hat

co

mes

gla

nd

th

at w

ork

s to

acc

eler

ate

gro

wth

.

ches

t ca

lled

th

e pit

uit

ary

fro

m a

pla

ce i

n y

ou

r

Dif

fere

nce

s in

In

div

idu

als

an

d S

exes

for

Gro

wth

an

d D

evel

op

men

t (h

eigh

t ex

am

ple

)

* P

ub

erty

– s

ee p

g.

132

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y6

th g

rad

e

Ap

pen

dix

Ex

amp

les

of

asse

ssm

ent

ques

tio

ns

whic

h i

s u

sed

in

Ken

yan

tex

t b

oo

ks

(M

acm

illa

n;

Mac

mil

lan

Pri

mar

y S

cien

ce,

Pu

pil

’s b

ook 6

P.7

(M

acm

illa

n;

Mac

mil

lan

Pri

mar

y S

cien

ce,

Pu

pil

’s b

ook 6

P.8

(Ox

ford

; S

cien

ce i

n A

ctio

n 6

P.6

Page 12: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height
Page 13: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height
Page 14: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height
Page 15: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

7th

Gra

de:

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y

(Th

e C

ircu

lato

ry S

yst

em)

Ra

tio

na

l o

f th

is u

nit

In p

lants

, w

ater

and n

utr

ients

dra

wn u

p f

rom

the

root

go a

long a

conduit

, th

en t

he

nutr

imen

ts g

o a

long t

he

phlo

em b

undle

and a

re c

arri

ed t

o t

he

var

ious

par

ts o

f th

e pla

nt.

In a

nim

als,

how

ever

, ox

ygen

tak

en i

n f

rom

bre

athin

g a

nd n

utr

imen

ts a

bso

rbed

fro

m f

oods

are

carr

ied t

o t

he

enti

re b

ody b

y t

he

blo

od.

Als

o,

in c

ases

wher

e

mu

ch b

lood h

as b

een l

ost

du

e to

inju

ry o

r oth

er c

ause

s, i

t ca

n b

e a

life

-thre

aten

ing a

ffai

r. S

o j

ust

how

does

blo

od,

wh

ich p

lays

such

an i

mport

ant

role

in a

nim

als,

cir

cula

te t

hro

ugh t

he

body?

And h

ow

does

it

wo

rk t

o

mai

nta

in l

ife?

In t

his

unit

, our

goal

is

to u

nder

stan

d t

hat

blo

od c

ircu

lati

on m

ainta

ins

life

wh

ile

bei

ng i

nte

rconnec

ted w

ith t

he

var

ious

org

ans

of

the

bod

y, a

nd t

o r

eali

ze t

he

sple

ndour

that

mak

es t

he

hum

an b

ody w

ork

. W

e sh

all

hav

e th

e

pupil

s obse

rve

and f

eel

the

circ

ula

tion o

f blo

od t

o r

eali

ze i

ts m

agnif

icen

ce.

We

expec

t th

at

by

reth

inkin

g

how

th

e co

mm

on

mak

ings

of

the

hum

an

body

work

, pupil

s w

ill

dee

pen

under

stan

din

g o

f th

eir

ow

n b

odie

s an

d m

ake

use

of

this

know

ledge

in l

eadin

g h

ealt

hy l

ifes

tyle

s day

to d

ay.

Ob

ject

ives

: w

hat

pu

pil

s are

exp

ecte

d t

o a

chie

ve

in t

his

un

it

Under

stan

d t

hat

ther

e is

a s

yst

em o

f tr

ansp

ort

ing s

ubst

ance

s in

anim

al's

bodie

s th

rough o

bse

rvat

ion o

f th

e

com

ponen

ts a

nd c

ircu

lati

on o

f blo

od.

Under

stan

d t

hat

flo

win

g b

lood h

as d

iffe

rent

char

acte

rist

ics

thro

ugh v

ario

us

obse

rvat

ions

and e

xper

ience

s

wit

h t

he

types

of

blo

od v

esse

ls a

nd t

hei

r fu

nct

ions.

Under

stan

d t

he

funct

ions

of

the

hea

rt a

nd t

he

route

of

blo

od c

ircu

lati

on, co

nce

ntr

atin

g o

n t

he

hum

an b

ody.

Inte

rrel

ati

on

of

co

nte

nts

of

each

gra

de

* T

he

ord

er b

elow

is

as

show

n i

n t

he

syll

abus.

Gra

de

Wh

at

to t

each

(H

um

an

Bod

y)

1st

Gra

de

Exte

rior

par

ts o

f th

e hum

an b

ody –

hea

d (

eyes

, ea

rs,

nose

, hai

r, m

outh

), n

eck,

ches

t, a

rms

(han

ds,

elb

ow

s, f

inger

s, n

ails

), l

egs

(knee

s, f

eet,

toes

, to

enai

ls))

2nd G

rade

The

five

sense

s – s

mel

l, t

aste

, to

uch

, si

ght

and h

eari

ng

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Usi

ng s

enso

ry o

rgan

s

3rd

Gra

de

Sig

ht

– e

yes

ight

and f

ar, cl

ose

, big

, an

d s

mal

l obje

cts

Usi

ng p

roper

body l

anguag

e fo

r your

com

munit

y i

ncl

udin

g f

acia

l ex

pre

ssio

n

and h

and s

ignal

s

4th

Gra

de

Types

of

teet

h –

inci

sors

, ca

nin

es, pre

mola

rs a

nd m

ola

rs

The

funct

ion o

f dif

fere

nt

tooth

types

Dev

elopm

ent

of

teet

h (

losi

ng b

aby t

eeth

, er

upti

on o

f per

man

ent

teet

h)

5th

Gra

de

Res

pir

atory

syst

em n

ames

– n

ose

, tr

achea

, bro

nch

i, l

ungs,

dia

phra

gm

Funct

ion o

f th

e re

spir

atory

syst

em –

nose

, tr

achea

, lu

ngs,

dia

phra

gm

Dig

esti

ve

syst

em nam

es – m

outh

(t

eeth

an

d to

ngue)

, oes

ophag

us,

st

om

ach,

smal

l in

test

ine,

liv

er,

pan

crea

s, c

olo

n, re

ctum

, an

us

Funct

ion o

f th

e dig

esti

ve

syst

em –

tee

th,

oes

ophag

us,

sto

mac

h,

smal

l in

test

ine,

colo

n

6th

Gra

de

Org

ans

of

the

repro

duct

ive

syst

em -

fem

ale

(ovar

ies,

ovid

uct

s, w

om

b,

vag

ina)

and m

ale

(tes

tes,

ure

thra

, pen

is)

Var

ious

funct

ions

of

the

repro

duct

ive

syst

em

Adole

scen

t ch

anges

– b

odil

y c

han

ges

, m

ale

and f

emal

e

7th

Gra

de

(This

unit

)

Org

ans

of

the

circ

ula

tory

syst

em –

hea

rt, blo

od, blo

od v

esse

ls

Com

ponen

ts a

nd f

unct

ion o

f blo

od –

pla

sma,

red

blo

od c

ells

, w

hit

e blo

od c

ells

,

pla

tele

ts

Types

and f

unct

ion o

f blo

od v

esse

ls –

art

erie

s, v

eins,

cap

illa

ries

Str

uct

ure

and f

unct

ion o

f th

e hea

rt –

atri

al a

uri

cle

(atr

ium

s),

ven

tric

les,

blo

od

ves

sels

(ao

rta,

ven

a ca

va,

pulm

onar

y v

ein, pulm

onar

y a

rter

y)

8th

Gra

de

Fer

tili

sati

on

Foet

al d

evel

op

men

t – z

ygote

, em

bry

o, fo

etus

The

pro

cess

of

bir

th

Excr

etory

org

ans

and w

aste

pro

duct

s – s

kin

(ep

ider

mis

, der

mis

, sw

eat

gla

nds,

swea

t as

a w

aste

pro

duct

), l

ungs

(nose

, tr

achea

, an

d c

arbon d

ioxid

e as

a w

aste

pro

duct

), k

idney

s (k

idney

's a

ppea

rance

, ure

thra

, bla

dder

, w

aste

pro

duct

s fr

om

the

ure

thra

as

uri

ne

Page 16: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Bef

ore

sta

rtin

g t

his

un

it

Cu

rren

t le

arn

ing s

tatu

s of

the

pu

pil

s

Reg

ardin

g t

he

hum

an b

ody,

7th g

rade

pupil

s hav

e al

read

y l

earn

ed t

he

org

ans

of

the

resp

irat

ory

syst

em,

dig

esti

ve

syst

em a

nd r

epro

duct

ive

syst

em a

nd t

hei

r fu

nct

ions.

Thro

ugh t

hes

e st

udie

s th

ey u

nder

stan

d t

hat

the

hum

an b

ody

lives

by t

akin

g i

n o

xyg

en a

nd n

utr

imen

ts,

and t

hat

blo

od i

s re

late

d t

o t

he

funct

ion o

f th

ese

org

ans.

Ho

wev

er,

ther

e ar

e so

me

studen

ts t

hat

per

ceiv

e blo

od t

o b

e a

unif

orm

ly r

ed l

iquid

or

thin

k t

hat

ther

e ar

e a

mu

ltit

ude

of

blo

od v

esse

ls g

oin

g o

ut

from

the

hea

rt t

o t

he

enti

re b

ody.

Ther

efore

, w

e sh

all

mak

e pupil

s th

ink a

bout

the

role

of

blo

od a

nd t

he

funct

ion o

f org

ans

rela

ted t

o c

ircu

lati

on b

y o

bse

rvin

g t

he

mai

n e

lem

ents

of

blo

od a

nd v

iew

ing

imag

es o

f it

s fl

ow

.

Pre

para

tory

Note

s

Try

to g

ive

the

pupil

s am

ple

chan

ce t

o e

xper

ience

the

flow

of

blo

od o

ne

by o

ne

thro

ugh s

ight

and t

ouch

.

Act

ivel

y i

ntr

oduce

act

ivit

ies

such

as

mak

ing p

atte

rn d

iagra

ms

and m

odel

s to

let

the

pupil

s re

aliz

e th

at t

he

role

of

the

circ

ula

tory

syst

em i

s re

late

d t

o t

he

var

ious

org

ans

of

the

body a

nd i

nfl

uen

ces

the

enti

re h

um

an

body.

Ob

ject

ives

to

be

ach

iev

ed b

y c

om

pete

ncy

Inte

rest

, m

oti

vati

on

, an

d a

ttit

ud

e

1.

Tak

e an

inte

rest

in t

he

circ

ula

tion o

f blo

od a

nd a

mbit

iousl

y i

nves

tigat

e th

e as

pec

ts o

f blo

od f

low

.

2.

Tak

e an

inte

rest

in h

ow

the

circ

ula

tion o

f blo

od c

arri

es t

he

oxygen

and n

utr

imen

ts n

eeded

for

hum

an

acti

vit

y a

nd t

he

unnee

ded

subst

ance

s re

sult

ing f

rom

those

act

ivit

ies,

and w

ilfu

lly c

onsi

der

the

import

ance

of

blo

od c

ircu

lati

on.

Sci

enti

fic

thin

kin

g a

nd

com

mu

nic

ati

on

act

ivit

ies

1.

Ab

ilit

y t

o d

educe

fro

m o

bse

rvin

g b

lood t

hat

it

has

a l

iquid

com

ponen

t an

d b

lood c

ells

.

2.

Ab

ilit

y to

ded

uce

th

e var

ious

char

acte

rist

ics

of

blo

od fr

om

th

e ci

rcuit

of

lung ci

rcula

tion an

d body

circ

ula

tion.

3.

Ab

ilit

y t

o c

onsi

der

blo

od f

low

rel

atin

g t

o o

ne’

s ow

n h

eart

bea

t an

d p

uls

e.

4.

Abil

ity t

o s

um

mar

ize

the

stat

e of

hum

an b

lood c

ircu

lati

on i

n a

pat

tern

dia

gra

m j

oin

ing l

ung c

ircu

lati

on a

nd

body c

ircu

lati

on.

Kn

ow

led

ge,

un

der

stan

din

g, an

d s

kil

ls i

n o

bse

rvati

on

an

d e

xp

erim

enta

tion

1.

Under

stan

din

g t

he

mea

nin

g o

f blo

od c

ircu

lati

on a

nd a

bil

ity t

o g

ive

exam

ple

s of

nam

es o

f th

e var

ious

org

ans

of

the

circ

ula

tory

syst

em a

nd e

xpla

in.

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

2.

Ab

ilit

y t

o o

bse

rve

capil

lari

es a

nd t

he

blo

od c

ells

that

flo

w t

hro

ugh t

hem

.

3.

Abil

ity t

o e

xpla

in t

hat

blo

od i

s m

ade

up o

f pla

sma

and b

lood c

ells

such

as

red b

lood c

ells

, w

hit

e blo

od c

ells

and p

late

lets

, an

d a

lso t

he

funct

ions

of

each

of

thes

e co

mponen

ts.

4.

Abil

ity t

o e

xpla

in t

hat

blo

od h

as t

he

funct

ion o

f ca

rryin

g t

he

oxygen

and n

utr

imen

ts n

eeded

by t

he

body a

s

wel

l as

car

ryin

g u

nnee

ded

subst

ance

s.

5.

Ab

ilit

y t

o o

bse

rve

that

ther

e ar

e var

ious

thic

knes

ses

in b

lood v

esse

ls c

over

ing t

he

enti

re b

ody,

bec

om

ing

capil

lari

es a

t th

e ex

trem

e fr

inges

of

the

body.

6.

Abil

ity t

o e

xpla

in t

hat

wit

hin

blo

od v

esse

ls t

her

e ar

e ar

teri

es,

vei

ns

and c

apil

lari

es,

and t

hat

ther

e is

a

rela

tion b

etw

een c

har

acte

rist

ics

of

the

var

ious

blo

od v

esse

ls a

nd b

lood c

ircu

lati

on.

7.

Ab

ilit

y t

o i

nves

tigat

e th

e ch

ange

to h

eart

bea

t an

d p

uls

e w

hen

doin

g e

xer

cise

.

8.

Abil

ity t

o o

bse

rve

that

the

hea

rt i

s m

ade

up o

f th

ick m

usc

le s

o t

hat

it

can s

end b

lood o

ut

to t

he

enti

re b

ody.

9.

Abil

ity t

o e

xpla

in t

hat

the

hea

rt i

s m

ade

up o

f fo

ur

cham

ber

s in

the

right

ven

tric

le,

right

atri

um

, le

ft

ven

tric

le,

left

atr

ium

, an

d a

lso t

hat

the

hea

rt f

unct

ions

as a

pum

p t

o c

ircu

late

blo

od t

hro

ughout

the

enti

re

body.

Idea

s b

ehin

d t

he

stru

ctu

rin

g t

he

un

it

The

hum

an b

ody i

s ex

trem

ely f

amil

iar

to u

s al

l, b

ut

we

cannot

actu

ally

obse

rve

it f

rom

the

insi

de.

For

this

reas

on,

we

wil

l tr

y t

o a

dvan

ce s

tudie

s by o

bse

rvin

g o

ther

anim

als,

rea

lisa

tion t

hro

ugh e

xper

ience

, an

d u

tili

sati

on

of

audio

-vis

ual

mat

eria

ls a

nd d

iagra

ms.

Upon l

earn

ing t

he

nam

es a

nd f

unct

ions

of

the

var

ious

org

ans

of

the

circ

ula

tory

syst

em,

we

expan

d t

o g

rasp

ing

how

blo

od c

ircu

lati

on c

onnec

ts t

he

org

ans

of

the

hum

an b

ody a

nd m

ainta

ins

life

. V

isual

ly a

rran

gin

g b

lood

circ

ula

tion i

n a

pat

tern

dia

gra

m m

akes

it

easi

er t

o g

rasp

the

circ

ula

tion o

f blo

od.

Page 17: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Un

it t

each

ing

pla

n

(14 p

erio

ds

+ 2

per

iod

s fo

r th

e F

inal

Un

it E

valu

ati

on

Tes

t)

* T

he

num

eric

val

ue

in p

aren

thes

es r

epre

sents

the

corr

espondin

g p

erio

d (

e.g. 1)

mea

ns

the

firs

t per

iod).

*(E

valu

ati

on:

Know

ledge

and S

kill

s 1),

(E

valu

ati

on:

Inte

rest

1),

etc

. in

dic

ate

the

poin

ts a

t w

hic

h t

each

ers

can

chec

k w

het

her

the

pupil

s hav

e at

tain

ed t

he

goal

s sp

ecif

ied i

n t

he

sect

ion O

bje

ctiv

es b

ase

d o

n t

he

view

poin

t.

Su

b-U

nit

Des

crip

tio

n

1. B

lood

Cir

cula

tio

n a

nd

th

e

Cir

cula

tory

Sy

stem

(2 p

erio

ds)

1-2

) O

bse

rve

par

ts o

f th

e b

od

y w

her

e yo

u c

an s

ee t

he

flo

w o

f b

lood

, an

d k

no

w t

he

mea

nin

g o

f

blo

od

cir

cula

tio

n.

Kno

w t

he

nam

es a

nd

maj

or

role

s o

f th

e o

rgan

s o

f th

e ci

rcu

lato

ry

syst

em.

Org

ans

of

the

circ

ula

tory

syst

em

hea

rt,

blo

od

, b

lood

ves

sels

(Eva

lua

tion

: In

tere

st 1

, K

no

wle

dge

an

d S

kill

s 1

)

Inte

rmed

iate

Rev

iew

(No

tim

e al

lott

ed)

Giv

e th

e “1

stS

ub

-Un

it R

evie

w T

est”

.

(Ho

mew

ork

can

be

giv

en d

epen

din

g o

n t

he

pro

gre

ss o

f th

e cl

ass.

)

2. T

he

Co

mp

on

en

ts a

nd

Fu

nct

ion

of

Blo

od

(4 p

erio

ds)

3-4

) K

no

w t

hat

blo

od h

as a

liq

uid

co

mp

on

ent

and b

loo

d c

ells

by o

bse

rvin

g a

ctu

al b

lood

flo

w

and

ch

eckin

g w

ith

vis

ual

mat

eria

ls.

Kn

ow

th

e m

ain

ele

men

ts o

f b

loo

d.

Mai

n e

lem

ents

of

blo

od

– p

lasm

a, r

ed b

lood

cel

ls,

wh

ite

blo

od

cel

ls,

pla

tele

ts

(Eva

lua

tion

: T

hin

king

and

Rep

rese

nta

tio

n 1

, K

no

wle

dg

e a

nd

Ski

lls

2)

5-6

) In

ves

tigat

e th

e p

rop

erti

es a

nd

fu

nct

ion o

f b

loo

d’s

ele

men

ts.

Kn

ow

th

at b

lood f

un

ctio

ns

to

carr

y o

xygen

an

d n

utr

ien

ts n

eeded

to e

ven

th

e fu

rth

est

reac

hes

of

the

bo

dy,

an

d a

lso

carr

ies

the

bo

dy’s

unn

eed

ed s

ub

stan

ces

to t

he

org

ans

that

exp

el t

hem

ou

t o

f th

e bo

dy.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 3

, K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 4

)

Inte

rmed

iate

Rev

iew

(No

tim

e al

lott

ed)

Giv

e th

e “2

nd

Su

b-U

nit

Rev

iew

Tes

t”.

(Ho

mew

ork

can

be

giv

en d

epen

din

g o

n t

he

pro

gre

ss o

f th

e cl

ass.

)

3.

Ty

pes

an

d F

un

ctio

ns

of

Blo

od

Ves

sels

(3 p

erio

ds)

7-8

) K

no

w t

hat

wit

hin

blo

od

ves

sels

th

ere

are

arte

ries

, v

ein

s an

d c

apil

lari

es,

and

th

at t

he

blo

od t

hat

flo

ws

thro

ugh t

hem

has

dif

fere

nt

char

acte

rist

ics.

Als

o,

ob

serv

e ca

pil

lari

es i

n a

pie

ce

of

mea

t al

on

g

wit

h

the

aort

a an

d

ven

a ca

va

of

an

anim

al

and

con

firm

th

eir

char

acte

rist

ics.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 5

)

9)

Inves

tigat

e th

e ty

pes

an

d c

har

acte

rist

ics

of

blo

od

ves

sels

an

d t

hei

r co

nn

ecti

on

wit

h b

loo

d

circ

ula

tio

n.

Kn

ow

th

at w

ith

in b

loo

d c

ircu

lati

on

th

ere

is p

ulm

on

ary c

ircu

lati

on

an

d m

ain

circ

ula

tio

n,

and

abo

ut

the

char

acte

rist

ics

of

the

blo

od

th

at f

low

s th

rou

gh

th

e p

ulm

on

ary a

nd

mai

n r

ou

tes.

(Eva

lua

tion

: T

hin

king

and

Rep

rese

nta

tio

n 2

, K

no

wle

dg

e a

nd

Ski

lls

6)

Inte

rmed

iate

Rev

iew

G

ive

the

“3rd

Su

b-U

nit

Revie

w T

est.

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

(No

tim

e al

lott

ed)

(Ho

mew

ork

can

be

giv

en d

epen

din

g o

n t

he

pro

gre

ss o

f th

e cl

ass.

)

4.

Str

uct

ure

an

d F

un

ctio

n o

f th

e

Hea

rt

(3 p

erio

ds)

10

) U

nd

erst

and

by m

easu

rin

g p

uls

e th

at b

loo

d i

s se

nt

thro

ugh

ou

t th

e en

tire

bod

y, a

nd

kn

ow

that

pu

lse

rate

get

s fa

ster

wh

en y

ou

exer

cise

.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 7

)

11

-12

) E

xp

erie

nce

wh

ere

and

how

th

e h

eart

sen

ds

blo

od

th

rou

gho

ut

the

bod

y t

hro

ugh

hea

rt

bea

t an

d p

uls

e, a

nd

th

ink a

bou

t th

e st

ruct

ure

an

d r

ole

of

the

hea

rt.

Str

uct

ure

of

the

hu

man

hea

rt

4ch

amb

ers:

rig

ht

ven

tric

le,

righ

t at

riu

m,

left

ven

tric

le,

left

atri

um

Ro

le o

f th

e hu

man

hea

rt

act

s as

a p

um

p t

o c

ircu

late

blo

od

(Eva

lua

tion

: T

hin

king

and

Rep

rese

nta

tio

n 3

, K

no

wle

dg

e a

nd

Und

erst

an

din

g 8

an

d 9

)

Inte

rmed

iate

Rev

iew

(No

tim

e al

lott

ed)

Giv

e th

e “4

thS

ub

-Un

it R

evie

w T

est.

(Ho

mew

ork

can

be

giv

en d

epen

din

g o

n t

he

pro

gre

ss o

f th

e cl

ass.

)

5.

Imp

ort

an

ce o

f B

loo

d

Cir

cula

tion

(2 p

erio

ds)

13

-14

) S

ho

w t

he

stat

e o

f b

loo

d c

ircu

lati

on i

n a

pat

tern

dia

gra

m a

nd

rel

ate

blo

od t

o t

he

org

ans

of

the

bod

y, s

um

mar

isin

g h

ow

it

mai

nta

ins

life

. K

no

w a

bou

t d

isea

ses

for

wh

ich

blo

od

acts

as

a m

ediu

m f

or

infe

ctio

n (

HIV

).

(Eva

lua

tion

: In

tere

st 2

, K

no

wle

dge

an

d S

kill

s 4

)

Inte

rmed

iate

Rev

iew

(No

tim

e al

lott

ed)

Giv

e th

e “5

thS

ub

-Un

it R

evie

w T

est.

(Ho

mew

ork

can

be

giv

en d

epen

din

g o

n t

he

pro

gre

ss o

f th

e cl

ass.

)

Un

it E

nd

Revie

w

(2 p

erio

ds)

15

-16

) T

each

er g

ives

th

e “F

inal

Un

it E

valu

ati

on

Tes

t.”

Page 18: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Les

son

Pla

n

1.

Blo

od

C

ircu

lati

on

a

nd

th

e C

ircu

lato

ry S

yst

em (2

P

erio

ds:

1

st -2

nd

per

iod

)

Go

als

of

this

su

b-u

nit

Tak

e an

in

tere

st i

n t

he

circ

ula

tio

n o

f blo

od

an

d o

bse

rve

par

ts w

her

e blo

od

flo

ws.

Kn

ow

th

e m

ean

ing o

f blo

od

ci

rcula

tion

, nam

es an

d m

ajo

r ro

les

of

the

org

ans

of

the

circ

ula

tory

syst

em.

Ma

teri

al

Pre

para

tio

ns

Inves

tigat

ive

stu

dy b

oo

ks,

rec

ord

ing w

ork

shee

t

Per

iod

s 1-2

: In

ves

tigati

ng B

lood

Cir

cula

tion

Lea

rn

ing

flo

w a

nd

act

ivit

yT

each

ing

Hin

ts a

nd

Ad

vic

e

Intr

od

uct

ion

10

min

s.

Pre

sen

t w

hat

yo

u k

no

w a

bo

ut

blo

od

.

Blo

od

co

mes

ou

t w

hen

yo

u i

nju

re p

arts

of

yo

ur

bod

y.

Th

ere

are

pla

ces

on y

ou

r h

and

s an

d f

eet

wh

ere

yo

u

can

see

th

e fl

ow

of

blo

od

.

Blo

od

car

ries

th

e o

xygen

tak

en i

n t

hro

ugh

res

pir

atio

n

thro

ugh

ou

t th

e bo

dy.

I h

eard

th

at b

loo

d c

arri

es t

he

nu

trim

ents

ab

sorb

ed b

y

the

smal

l in

test

ine

to d

iffe

ren

t p

arts

of

the

bo

dy.

Aim

fo

r a

com

mo

n u

nd

erst

and

ing t

hat

blo

od f

low

s to

ever

y e

nd

of

the

bo

dy a

nd

th

rou

gh

th

e var

iou

s o

rgan

s

by

hav

ing

pu

pil

s p

rese

nt

bo

dil

y

org

ans

they

h

ave

stu

die

d w

ith

a r

elat

ion

to

blo

od

an

d p

lace

s th

ey k

no

w

that

blo

od

flo

ws

fro

m d

aily

exp

erie

nce

, an

d h

avin

g

them

sh

ow

wh

ere

on

th

eir

ow

n b

od

ies

they

can

kn

ow

that

blo

od

is

flo

win

g.

Qu

esti

on

sW

her

e in

th

e bo

dy d

oes

blo

od

flo

w?

Ob

serv

ati

on

an

d

Mate

rial

Inv

esti

gati

on

30

min

s.

Lo

ok fo

r p

arts

o

n yo

ur

ow

n bo

dy

wh

ere

blo

od

is

flo

win

g.

Blo

od

is

flo

win

g i

n v

ario

us

par

ts o

f th

e bo

dy.

Blo

od

flo

ws

thro

ugh

ves

sels

in

yo

ur

han

ds

and

fee

t.

Org

ans

rela

ted

to

blo

od

cir

cula

tion

Hea

rt –

Sen

ds

blo

od

ou

t th

rou

gh

out

the

bo

dy

Blo

od

– L

iqu

id t

hat

car

ries

oxygen

an

d n

utr

imen

ts

Blo

od

ves

sels

– t

ub

es w

hic

h b

loo

d f

low

s th

rou

gh

Hav

e p

up

ils

sear

ch f

or

wh

ere

on

th

eir

ow

n b

od

y t

hey

can

see

th

e fl

ow

of

blo

od

an

d c

om

par

e w

ith

th

eir

frie

nd

s.

(Ref

er t

o p

g. 5

9 r

ega

rdin

g w

ork

shee

t)

Pin

do

wn

th

e m

ean

ing o

f b

lood c

ircu

lati

on

an

d t

he

circ

ula

tory

syst

em,

as w

ell

as t

he

nam

es o

f th

e p

arts

of

the

circ

ula

tory

syst

em b

ased

on t

he

textb

oo

k a

nd

mat

eria

ls.

Hav

e th

em r

eco

rd t

hei

r fi

nd

ings

in t

he

wo

rksh

eet.

(Eva

lua

tion

: In

tere

st

1)

Tak

e an

in

tere

st

in

the

circ

ula

tio

n

of

blo

od

and

amb

itio

usl

y

inves

tigat

e th

e

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

asp

ects

of

blo

od

flo

w.

Pre

sen

tati

on

Su

mm

ary

30

min

s.

Su

mm

ariz

e w

hat

yo

u f

ou

nd

an

d t

hin

gs

yo

u t

ho

ugh

t

wer

e st

ran

ge

in t

he

wo

rksh

eet

and p

rese

nt

it t

o t

he

clas

s.

Blo

od

ci

rcu

lati

on

is

b

loo

d

flo

win

g

thro

ugho

ut

the

bo

dy fr

om

th

e h

eart

an

d th

en co

min

g b

ack to

th

e

hea

rt.

Th

e o

rgan

s re

late

d

to

circ

ula

tio

n

are

call

ed

the

circ

ula

tory

sy

stem

. T

he

hu

man

ci

rcu

lato

ry

syst

em

incl

ud

es t

he

hea

rt, b

lood

and

blo

od

ves

sels

.

Blo

od

ca

rrie

s o

xygen

an

d nutr

imen

ts d

eman

ded

b

y

var

iou

s p

arts

of

the

bo

dy a

s w

ell

as u

nn

eed

ed w

aste

pro

du

cts.

Are

blo

od

ves

sels

ever

yw

her

e in

th

e b

od

y?

Ho

w d

oes

blo

od c

arry

ox

yg

en?

Ho

w d

oes

th

e h

eart

sen

d o

ut

blo

od

?

Let

tin

g

pu

pil

s dis

cuss

in

gro

up

s an

d

pre

sen

t a

sum

mar

y i

s ac

cep

tab

le.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 1

) U

nd

erst

and

ing t

he

mea

nin

g

of

blo

od

ci

rcula

tion

and

ab

ilit

y

to

giv

e

exam

ple

s o

f n

ames

o

f th

e v

ario

us

org

ans

of

the

circ

ula

tory

syst

em a

nd

exp

lain

.

2. T

he

Co

mp

on

ents

an

d F

un

ctio

n o

f B

loo

d (

4 p

erio

ds:

3rd

-6

th p

erio

d)

Goals

of

this

su

b-u

nit

Know

fro

m o

bse

rvat

ion o

f b

lood a

nd a

udio

-vis

ual

mat

eria

ls t

hat

blo

od i

s m

ade

up o

f a

liquid

co

mponen

t

and b

lood c

ells

, an

d t

hat

the

mai

n c

om

ponen

ts o

f blo

od a

re p

lasm

a, r

ed b

lood c

ells

, w

hit

e blo

od c

ells

and

pla

tele

ts.

Inves

tigat

e th

e pro

per

ties

and f

unct

ion o

f pla

sma,

red

blo

od c

ells

, w

hit

e blo

od c

ells

and p

late

lets

, an

d b

e

able

to e

xpla

in t

hat

blo

od f

unct

ions

to c

arry

ox

yg

en a

nd n

utr

ients

nee

ded

to e

ven

the

furt

hes

t re

aches

of

the

body,

and a

lso c

arri

es t

he

bod

y’s

unnee

ded

subst

ance

s to

the

org

ans

that

expel

them

out

of

the

body.

Mate

rial

Pre

para

tion

s

A s

mal

l fi

sh t

hat

can

be

use

d f

or

obse

rvin

g i

ts f

ins

and b

lood f

low

, m

icro

scope,

gla

ss s

lides

, an

d w

rap

shee

t. I

f a

smal

l fi

sh c

annot

be

acquir

ed, pre

par

e au

dio

-vis

ual

mat

eria

ls o

n m

amm

als.

Inves

tigat

ive

stud

y b

ooks

and a

udio

-vis

ual

mat

eria

ls (

on b

lood f

low

of

mam

mal

s)

If p

oss

ible

: in

tern

et e

nvir

on

men

t fo

r in

ves

tigat

ive

stud

y

Rec

ord

ing w

ork

shee

t

Per

iod

s 3-4

: O

bse

rvin

g B

lood

Page 19: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e Lea

rn

ing

flo

w a

nd

act

ivit

yT

each

ing

Hin

ts a

nd

Ad

vic

e

Intr

od

uct

ion

10

min

s.

Wh

y c

an b

lood

car

ry o

xygen

an

d n

utr

ien

ts?

Is t

her

e a

secr

et i

n t

he

red c

olo

ur?

Do

oxyg

en a

nd

nu

trie

nts

mix

no

t w

ell

wit

h b

loo

d?

Is t

her

e so

me

kin

d o

f se

cret

in

blo

od

?

Let

pu

pil

s th

ink a

bou

t th

e fu

nct

ion

of

blo

od

fro

m t

he

role

s o

f b

loo

d a

lrea

dy l

earn

ed.

Qu

esti

on

sW

hat

kin

d o

f li

qu

id i

s blo

od

? T

ry t

o o

bse

rve

it.

Ob

serv

ati

on

an

d

Mate

rial

Inv

esti

gati

on

30

min

s.

Ob

serv

e h

ow

blo

od i

s m

ade

up

of

liq

uid

an

d b

lood

cell

s b

y

ob

serv

ing

the

blo

od

of

a sm

all

fish

an

d

aud

io-v

isu

al m

ater

ials

, an

d e

nte

r in

th

e w

ork

shee

t.

Th

ere

are

gra

in-l

ike

thin

gs

flo

win

g i

n t

he

liq

uid

.

Th

e ves

sels

hav

e d

iffe

ren

t th

ickn

esse

s.

Th

e ves

sels

bra

nch

ou

t m

idw

ay.

Th

e ra

te o

f fl

ow

is

no

t u

nif

orm

an

d w

ill

chan

ge

fro

m

tim

e to

tim

e.

Th

e d

irec

tio

n

of

flo

w

alw

ays

flo

ws

in

the

sam

e

dir

ecti

on a

nd d

oes

not

chan

ge.

(Ref

er t

o p

g. 6

0 r

ega

rdin

g w

ork

shee

t)

Hav

e th

em r

eco

rd t

hei

r fi

nd

ings

in t

he

wo

rksh

eet.

Wh

en a

ctu

ally

ob

serv

ing b

loo

d,

firs

t ex

pla

in h

ow

to

use

th

e m

icro

sco

pe

bef

ore

ob

serv

atio

n.

Hav

e p

upil

s

ob

serv

e at

150

x m

agn

ific

atio

n.

Wh

en o

bse

rvin

g li

vin

g cr

eatu

res

like

a sm

all

fish

,

mak

e p

up

ils

awar

e th

at t

hey

are

ob

serv

ing a

liv

ing

crea

ture

an

d

advis

e th

em

to

han

dle

th

e su

bje

ct

crea

ture

gen

tly.

Wh

en o

bse

rvin

g a

ud

io-v

isu

al m

ater

ials

, p

ausi

ng t

he

vid

eo m

idw

ay w

ill

mak

e it

eas

ier

to s

ee t

he

elem

ents

of

blo

od

.

Hav

e p

up

ils

inves

tigat

e th

e gra

ins

they

sa

w

ob

serv

ing b

lood

usi

ng m

ater

ials

.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 2

) A

bil

ity t

o o

bse

rve

cap

illa

ries

an

d t

he

blo

od

cel

ls t

hat

flo

w t

hro

ugh

th

em.

Pre

sen

tati

on

Su

mm

ary

30

min

s.

Pre

sen

t w

hat

yo

u n

oti

ced

and

had

qu

esti

on

s ab

ou

t.

Wh

at a

re t

he

gra

ins

in t

he

liqu

id?

Wh

at r

ole

do t

he

gra

ins

pla

y?

Do

es t

he

dir

ecti

on

of

flo

w e

ver

ch

ange?

Is t

he

thic

kn

ess

of

all

blo

od

ves

sels

th

e sa

me

in a

ll

pla

ces?

Fin

d o

ut

the

mai

n e

lem

ents

of

blo

od a

nd

ad

d t

hem

to

yo

ur

wo

rksh

eets

.

In b

loo

d,

ther

e ar

e re

d b

lood

cel

ls,

wh

ite

blo

od c

ells

and

pla

tele

ts f

low

ing i

n t

he

liq

uid

cal

led

pla

sma.

Hav

e p

up

ils

wri

te

do

wn

th

e re

sult

s in

th

eir

wo

rksh

eets

an

d p

rese

nt

the

resu

lts.

Let

tin

g

pu

pil

s d

iscu

ss

in

gro

up

s an

d

pre

sen

t a

sum

mar

y i

s ac

cep

tab

le.

Pic

kin

g u

p q

ues

tio

ns

conn

ecte

d t

o u

pco

min

g l

esso

ns

late

r is

acc

epta

ble

.

(Eva

lua

tion

: T

hin

king

and R

epre

sen

tati

on 1

) A

bil

ity t

o

ded

uce

fr

om

o

bse

rvin

g

blo

od

that

it

h

as

a li

quid

com

po

nen

t an

d b

loo

d c

ells

.

Per

iod

s 5-6

: C

om

pon

ents

of

Blo

od

an

d T

hei

r F

un

ctio

n

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e Lea

rn

ing

flo

w a

nd

act

ivit

yT

each

ing

Hin

ts a

nd

Ad

vic

e

Intr

od

uct

ion

10

min

s.

Wh

at e

lem

ents

of

blo

od

are

rel

ated

to

th

e fu

nct

ion

s

of

blo

od t

hat

we

lear

ned

stu

dyin

g t

he

dig

esti

ve

and

resp

irat

ory

syst

ems?

Rem

ind

pu

pil

s th

at

blo

od

ca

rrie

s o

xygen

an

d

nu

trim

ents

to d

iffe

ren

t p

arts

of

the

bo

dy a

nd h

ave

them

in

ves

tig

ate

ho

w th

e m

ain

el

emen

ts o

f b

lood

rela

te t

o t

his

kn

ow

ing e

ach

ele

men

t’s

pro

per

ties

.

Qu

esti

on

sW

hat

are

th

e fu

nct

ion

s o

f th

e m

ain

ele

men

ts o

f b

loo

d?

Mate

rial

Inv

esti

gati

on

30

min

s.

Usi

ng

boo

ks

and

o

ther

m

ater

ials

, in

ves

tigat

e th

e

pro

per

ties

an

d f

un

ctio

ns

of

blo

od

’s m

ain

ele

men

ts.

Pla

sma

liqu

id

com

pri

sed

m

ost

ly

of

wat

er.

Nu

trim

ents

, ca

rbo

n d

ioxid

e an

d a

mm

on

ia a

ll b

len

d i

n

wit

h i

t.

Red

blo

od

cel

ls –

man

y a

re f

ou

nd i

n b

loo

d,

bu

t th

ey

are

smal

ler

than

w

hit

e b

lood

ce

lls.

H

aem

oglo

bin

s

wit

hin

th

ese

cell

s ar

e re

d

in

colo

ur

and

atta

ch

to

ox

ygen

eas

ily.

Wh

ite

blo

od c

ells

– a

re f

ewer

in

nu

mb

er b

ut

larg

er i

n

size

th

an

red

blo

od

ce

lls.

T

hey

re

mo

ve

fore

ign

sub

stan

ces

and

bac

teri

a.

Pla

tele

ts –

mak

e b

lood

clo

t.

Try

to

mak

e it

so

th

at t

he

nam

es o

f th

e el

emen

ts y

ou

inves

tigat

e re

late

to

th

e gra

ins

and

liq

uid

ob

serv

ed o

n

the

smal

l fi

sh’s

fin

.

Bas

ed o

n w

hat

was

in

ves

tigat

ed,

let

pup

ils

ded

uce

the

fun

ctio

ns

of

blo

od

cir

cula

tin

g o

ur

bod

ies.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 3

) A

bil

ity t

o e

xp

lain

that

blo

od

is

mad

e u

p o

f p

lasm

a an

d b

lood

cel

ls s

uch

as

red

blo

od c

ells

, w

hit

e b

loo

d c

ells

an

d p

late

lets

, an

d a

lso

the

fun

ctio

ns

of

each

of

thes

e co

mp

on

ents

.

Dis

cuss

ion

Su

mm

ary

30

min

s.

Dis

cuss

th

e fu

nct

ion

s o

f b

loo

d b

ased

o

n w

hat

yo

u

kn

ow

fro

m y

ou

r in

ves

tigat

ion

.

Ox

ygen

co

nn

ects

to h

aem

oglo

bin

s w

ith

in r

ed b

lood

cell

s an

d i

s ca

rrie

d t

hro

ugh

ou

t th

e b

od

y.

Wh

ite

blo

od

cel

ls e

xis

t to

pro

tect

us

fro

m s

ickn

ess.

Pla

tele

ts s

top

ble

edin

g w

hen

we

get

in

jure

d.

Pla

sma

no

t o

nly

car

ries

nu

trim

ents

all

over

th

e b

od

y,

bu

t al

so f

un

ctio

ns

to c

arry

un

nee

ded

su

bst

ance

s li

ke

carb

on

dio

xid

e an

d a

mm

on

ia t

o o

rgan

s w

hic

h e

xp

el

them

fro

m t

he

bod

y.

Gra

sp

that

blo

od

se

rves

th

e im

po

rtan

t ro

les

of

del

iver

ing t

hin

gs

nee

ded

to

mai

nta

in l

ife

all

over

th

e

bo

dy a

nd

exp

elli

ng u

nn

eed

ed s

ubst

ance

s.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 4

) A

bil

ity t

o e

xp

lain

that

blo

od h

as t

he

fun

ctio

n o

f ca

rryin

g t

he

oxygen

an

d

nu

trim

ents

n

eed

ed

by

the

bo

dy

as

wel

l as

ca

rryin

g

un

nee

ded

sub

stan

ces.

3.

Ty

pes

an

d F

un

ctio

ns

of

Blo

od

Ves

sels

(3

per

iod

s: 7

th -

9th

per

iod

)

Goals

of

this

su

b-u

nit

Abil

ity t

o e

xpla

in t

hat

wit

hin

blo

od v

esse

ls t

her

e ar

e ar

teri

es,

vei

ns

and c

apil

lari

es,

and t

hat

ther

e is

a

rela

tion b

etw

een c

har

acte

rist

ics

of

the

var

ious

blo

od v

esse

ls a

nd b

lood c

ircu

lati

on.

Know

that

wit

hin

blo

od c

ircu

lati

on a

re p

ulm

onar

y c

ircu

lati

on a

nd m

ain c

ircu

lati

on,

and b

ecom

e ab

le t

o

Page 20: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

expla

in t

he

char

acte

rist

ics

of

the

blo

od r

unnin

g t

hro

ugh t

hes

e sy

stem

s.

Mate

rial

Pre

para

tion

s

Kid

goat

– t

o o

bse

rve

the

blo

od v

esse

ls o

n t

he

insi

de

of

an e

ar

Books

for

inves

tigat

ive

stu

dy,

pie

ce o

f m

eat

(to o

bse

rve

blo

od v

esse

ls),

the

aort

a an

d v

ena

cava

of

an

anim

al,

mir

ror

If p

oss

ible

: in

tern

et e

nvir

on

men

t fo

r in

ves

tigat

ive

stud

y

Rec

ord

ing w

ork

shee

t

Per

iod

s 7-8

: O

bse

rvin

g B

lood

Ves

sels

Lea

rn

ing

flo

w a

nd

act

ivit

yT

each

ing

Hin

ts a

nd

Ad

vic

e

Intr

od

uct

ion

10

min

s.

Do

blo

od

car

ryin

g o

xyg

en a

nd

nu

trim

ents

an

d b

loo

d

carr

yin

g u

nn

eed

ed s

ub

stan

ces

no

t m

ix?

Do

th

ey f

low

th

rou

gh d

iffe

ren

t b

loo

d v

esse

ls?

Let

pu

pil

s su

ffic

ien

tly d

iscu

ss t

hei

r p

red

icti

on

s, t

hen

afte

r ra

isin

g t

hei

r in

tere

st h

ave

them

in

ves

tigat

e.

Qu

esti

on

sW

hat

typ

es o

f b

lood

ves

sels

are

th

ere?

An

d a

re t

he

char

acte

rist

ics

of

thes

e ves

sels

an

d b

lood

cir

cula

tio

n r

elat

ed?

Ob

serv

ati

on

35

min

s.

Ob

serv

e an

an

imal

’s

arte

ries

an

d

vei

ns,

an

d

ente

r

yo

ur

fin

din

gs

in t

he

wo

rksh

eet.

Ob

serv

e th

e d

iffe

ren

ce i

n a

rter

ies

and

vei

ns

in g

oat

s

and

oth

er a

nim

als.

Ob

serv

e th

e b

loo

d v

esse

l d

istr

ibu

tio

n a

nd

cap

illa

ries

on

th

e in

sid

e o

f th

e kid

go

at’s

ear

.

Ob

serv

e th

e in

sid

e o

f th

e ar

m,

bac

k o

f th

e p

alm

an

d

bac

k o

f th

e p

alm

wh

en m

akin

g a

fis

t.

Ob

serv

e h

ow

cap

illa

ries

rea

ch t

o a

ll p

arts

of

the

bo

dy

by l

oo

kin

g a

t th

e w

hit

es o

f yo

ur

frie

nd

’s e

ye.

Obse

rve

capil

lari

es u

sing a

pie

ce o

f m

eat.

(Ref

er t

o p

g. 6

0 r

ega

rdin

g w

ork

shee

t)

Hav

e th

em r

eco

rd t

hei

r fi

nd

ings

in t

he

wo

rksh

eet.

Dir

ect

atte

nti

on

to

th

e d

iffe

ren

ces

in c

on

stru

ctio

n o

f

arte

ries

an

d v

ein

s.

Gra

sp

that

th

ere

are

var

iou

s th

ickn

esse

s in

b

lood

ves

sels

, b

eco

min

g c

apil

lari

es a

t th

e ex

trem

e fr

inges

of

the

bo

dy.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 5

) A

bil

ity t

o o

bse

rve

that

th

ere

are

var

iou

s th

ickn

esse

s in

b

loo

d

ves

sels

cover

ing

the

enti

re

bo

dy,

b

eco

min

g

cap

illa

ries

at

th

e

extr

eme

frin

ges

of

the

bod

y.

Pre

sen

tati

on

Su

mm

ary

25

min

s.

Dis

cuss

ca

pil

lari

es

and

th

e d

iffe

ren

ces

bet

wee

n

arte

ries

an

d v

ein

s b

ased

on

wh

at i

s re

cord

ed i

n y

ou

r

wo

rksh

eet.

Dis

cuss

in

ves

tigat

ing

the

char

acte

rist

ics

of

blo

od

ves

sels

, giv

ing sp

ecia

l at

ten

tion to

d

isco

ver

ies

and

qu

esti

on

s th

at a

rose

du

rin

g o

bse

rvat

ion

.

Hav

e p

up

ils

wri

te

do

wn

th

e re

sult

s in

th

eir

wo

rksh

eets

an

d p

rese

nt

the

resu

lts.

Let

tin

g

pu

pil

s dis

cuss

in

gro

up

s an

d

pre

sen

t a

sum

mar

y i

s ac

cep

tab

le.

Tel

l p

up

ils

that

yo

u w

ill

take

all

the

dis

cover

ies

and

qu

esti

on

s th

at a

rose

du

rin

g o

bse

rvat

ion

to

in

ves

tigat

e

the

char

acte

rist

ics

of

blo

od

ves

sels

in

th

e n

ext

per

iod

.

Per

iod

9:

Typ

es a

nd

Fu

nct

ion

s of

Blo

od

Ves

sels

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e Lea

rn

ing

flo

w a

nd

act

ivit

yT

each

ing

Hin

ts a

nd

Ad

vic

e

Intr

od

uct

ion

5 m

ins.

Co

nfi

rm

the

blo

od

ves

sel

char

acte

rist

ics

yo

u

dis

cuss

ed l

ast

per

iod

to

lea

rn a

nd

in

ves

tigat

e th

ese

usi

ng r

efer

ence

s an

d t

he

textb

oo

k.

Wh

y d

o v

ein

s h

ave

val

ves

?

Th

is p

erio

d i

s fo

r in

ves

tigat

ive

stu

dy,

so

pre

par

e m

any

refe

ren

ce m

ater

ials

reg

ard

ing b

loo

d a

nd

blo

od v

esse

ls.

Qu

esti

on

sIn

ves

tigat

e th

e ty

pes

of

blo

od

ves

sels

an

d t

hei

r ch

arac

teri

stic

s.

Mate

rial

Inv

esti

gati

on

20

min

s.

Usi

ng

boo

ks

and

o

ther

m

ater

ials

, in

ves

tigat

e th

e

typ

es o

f b

lood

ves

sels

an

d th

eir

char

acte

rist

ics

as

wel

l as

th

eir

rela

tio

n t

o b

lood

cir

cula

tion

.

Art

erie

s –

ves

sels

fl

ow

ing o

ut

fro

m th

e h

eart

an

d

carr

yin

g d

iffe

ren

t b

loo

d.

Th

ey h

ave

thic

k w

alls

an

d

are

flex

ible

.

Vei

ns

– ves

sels

in

w

hic

h b

loo

d fl

ow

s b

ack to

th

e

hea

rt f

rom

th

e re

st o

f th

e b

od

y. W

alls

are

th

inn

er

than

th

ose

o

f ar

teri

es,

and

th

ere

are

val

ves

inte

rsp

erse

d t

o p

reven

t b

ack

war

d f

low

.

Cap

illa

ries

– a

t th

e fr

inge

end

s o

f ar

teri

es,

ves

sels

wil

l b

ran

ch o

ut

into

nar

row

cap

illa

ries

. C

apil

lari

es

com

e to

get

her

ag

ain

an

d f

orm

vei

ns.

Su

mm

ariz

e th

e ci

rcu

lati

on

of

blo

od

.

hea

rtar

teri

esca

pil

lari

esv

ein

sh

eart

Mak

e p

up

ils

awar

e o

f th

e ch

arac

teri

stic

s o

f th

e

dif

fere

nt

ves

sels

an

d

thei

r re

lati

on

to

blo

od

circ

ula

tio

n.

Let

th

em k

no

w t

hat

th

e ar

teri

es w

hic

h c

arry

ox

ygen

and

nu

trim

ents

can

no

t b

e se

en b

ecau

se t

hey

are

not

nea

r th

e sk

in so

th

ey ca

nn

ot

be

read

ily cu

t d

ue

to

inju

ry.

Rec

on

firm

th

e ch

arac

teri

stic

s o

f v

ein

s an

d c

apil

lari

es.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 6

) A

bil

ity t

o e

xp

lain

that

wit

hin

blo

od

ves

sels

th

ere

are

arte

ries

, vei

ns

and

cap

illa

ries

, an

d

that

th

ere

is

a re

lati

on

b

etw

een

char

acte

rist

ics

of

the

var

iou

s b

loo

d v

esse

ls a

nd

blo

od

circ

ula

tio

n.

Dis

cuss

ion

Su

mm

ary

10

min

s.

Co

nsi

der

th

e ty

pes

of

ves

sels

an

d t

he

char

acte

rist

ics

of

the

blo

od

fl

ow

ing

thro

ugh

th

e p

ath

s o

f m

ain

circ

ula

tio

n,

wh

ich c

ircu

late

s th

rou

gh

th

e en

tire

bod

y,

and

p

ulm

on

ary ci

rcu

lati

on

, w

hic

h ci

rcu

late

s blo

od

thro

ugh

th

e lu

ngs.

Th

e ves

sels

in

w

hic

h

oxygen

ated

blo

od

flo

w

in

pu

lmo

nar

y c

ircu

lati

on

are

op

po

site

of

tho

se i

n m

ain

circ

ula

tio

n (

blo

od

flo

win

g i

nto

the

lun

gs

do

es n

ot

yet

hav

e o

xyg

en i

n i

t).

Tel

l p

up

ils

that

th

ere

is

mai

n

circ

ula

tion

, w

hic

h

circ

ula

tes

blo

od

to

th

e en

tire

bo

dy,

an

d p

ulm

on

ary

circ

ula

tio

n,

wh

ich

cir

cula

tes

blo

od

to

th

e lu

ngs.

Let

them

co

nsi

der

th

e ch

arac

teri

stic

s o

f th

e b

loo

d f

low

ing

thro

ugh

th

ese

syst

ems

bas

ed

on

th

e p

ath

o

f

circ

ula

tio

n.

(Eva

lua

tion

: T

hin

kin

g a

nd

Rep

rese

nta

tion

2)

Ab

ilit

y t

o

ded

uce

th

e var

iou

s ch

arac

teri

stic

s o

f b

lood

fro

m

the

circ

uit

of

lun

g c

ircu

lati

on

and

bo

dy c

ircu

lati

on

.

4. S

tru

ctu

re a

nd

Fu

nct

ion

of

the

Hea

rt (

3 p

erio

ds:

10

th -

12

th p

erio

d)

Page 21: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Goals

of

this

su

b-u

nit

Exper

ience

blo

od f

low

thro

ugh i

nves

tigat

ive

acti

vit

ies

invo

lvin

g p

uls

e an

d b

ecom

e ab

le t

o e

xpla

in t

he

role

of

arte

ries

to d

eliv

er o

xyg

enat

ed b

lood t

hro

ughout

the

bod

y.

Abil

ity t

o e

xpla

in t

hat

the

hum

an h

eart

is

mad

e up o

f fo

ur

cham

ber

s in

the

right

ven

tric

le,

right

atri

um

, le

ft

ven

tric

le,

left

atr

ium

, an

d a

lso t

hat

the

hea

rt f

unct

ions

as a

pum

p t

o c

ircu

late

blo

od t

hro

ughout

the

enti

re

body.

Abil

ity t

o e

xpla

in t

he

stru

cture

of

the

hea

rt a

nd i

ts r

elat

ion t

o m

ain a

nd p

ulm

onar

y c

ircu

lati

on.

Mate

rial

Pre

para

tion

s

Ste

thosc

ope

Sto

pw

atch

Mat

eria

ls f

or

inves

tigat

ive

stud

y, s

uch

as

dia

gra

ms

of

the

hum

an b

ody

Arr

angem

ents

for

a to

ur

of

a m

eat

pro

cess

ing p

lant

Dra

win

g p

aper

Per

iod

10:

Fu

nct

ion

of

the

Blo

od

-Pu

mp

ing H

eart

Lea

rn

ing

flo

w a

nd

act

ivit

yT

each

ing

Hin

ts a

nd

Ad

vic

e

Intr

od

uct

ion

10

min

s.

Ho

w c

an y

ou

in

ves

tigat

e h

ow

blo

od

flo

ws

thro

ugh

the

bo

dy?

Can

yo

u n

ot

mea

sure

yo

ur

hea

rt b

eat

on

yo

ur

wri

sts?

Lo

ok f

or

par

ts o

n y

ou

r b

od

y o

ther

th

an y

ou

r h

eart

wh

ere

yo

u c

an f

eel

yo

ur

hea

rt b

eat.

Yo

u c

an a

lso f

eel

it o

n t

he

insi

de

of

yo

ur

arm

an

d

yo

ur

nec

k.

Hav

e p

up

ils

pu

t th

eir

pal

m o

n t

he

left

sid

e o

f th

eir

ches

ts a

nd

cou

nt

thei

r h

eart

bea

ts f

or

1 m

inu

te.

Hav

e th

em c

om

par

e th

eir

hea

rt b

eat

to t

he

mo

vem

ent

of

thei

r ar

teri

es.

Let

th

em k

no

w t

hat

th

e m

ov

emen

t o

f th

eir

arte

ries

,

mea

sure

d b

y t

he

nu

mb

er o

f b

eats

, is

cal

led

a p

uls

e.

Qu

esti

on

sIs

th

e ra

te t

hat

blo

od i

s se

nt

out

of

the

hea

rt a

lway

s th

e sa

me?

Ob

serv

ati

on

20

min

s.

Mea

sure

th

e nu

mb

er o

f b

eats

(p

uls

e) b

efo

re a

nd

aft

er

exer

cisi

ng,

and

exam

ine

the

dif

fere

nce

.

Fin

d

ou

t yo

ur

hea

rt

bea

t w

hen

si

ttin

g

stil

l an

d

com

par

e it

to

yo

ur

hea

rt

bea

t af

ter

run

nin

g

100

met

res.

Fin

d o

ut

yo

ur

frie

nd

s’ h

eart

bea

t (p

uls

e) t

hro

ugh

th

eir

wri

sts

and

co

mp

are

it t

o t

hei

r h

eart

bea

t af

ter

runn

ing

10

0 m

etre

s.

Hav

e p

up

ils

reco

rd

thei

r h

eart

b

eat

(pu

lse)

b

efo

re

runn

ing a

nd

ju

st a

fter

ru

nn

ing.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d

Ski

lls

7)

Ab

ilit

y

to

inves

tigat

e th

e ch

ange

to

hea

rtb

eat

and

p

uls

e w

hen

do

ing e

xer

cise

.

Pre

sen

tati

on

Su

mm

ary

Dis

cuss

th

e re

aso

n b

ehin

d t

he

chan

ge

in h

eart

bea

t

(pu

lse)

.

Mak

e p

up

ils

awar

e o

f b

loo

d’s

fu

nct

ion

of

carr

yin

g

ox

ygen

.

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

5 m

ins.

Y

ou

nee

d a

lo

t o

f o

xyg

en w

hen

yo

u d

o e

xer

cise

, so

yo

ur

hea

rt

rate

in

crea

ses

to

sen

d

ou

t b

loo

d

mo

re

qu

ickly

.

Mak

e th

em t

ake

inte

rest

in

th

e hea

rt p

um

pin

g b

loo

d

and

tie

it

in t

o t

he

nex

t p

erio

d.

Per

iod

s 11

-12:

Str

uct

ure

of

the

Hea

rt

Lea

rn

ing

flo

w a

nd

act

ivit

yT

each

ing

Hin

ts a

nd

Ad

vic

e

Intr

od

uct

ion

10

min

s.

Ho

w d

oes

th

e h

eart

sen

d o

ut

blo

od

to

th

e re

st o

f th

e

bo

dy,

an

d f

rom

wh

ere?

Hav

e p

up

ils

imag

ine

the

stru

ctu

re o

f th

e h

eart

bas

ed

up

on

th

eir

exp

erie

nci

ng

hea

rt

bea

t an

d

pu

lse

and

wh

at t

hey

hav

e in

ves

tigat

ed t

o t

his

po

int.

If

ther

e is

tim

e, h

ave

them

dra

w a

pic

ture

.

(Eva

lua

tion

: T

hin

kin

g a

nd

Rep

rese

nta

tion

3)

Ab

ilit

y t

o

con

sid

er b

loo

d f

low

rel

atin

g t

o o

ne’

s o

wn

hea

rtb

eat

and

pu

lse.

Qu

esti

on

sW

hat

kin

d o

f st

ruct

ure

do

es t

he

hea

rt h

ave?

An

d h

ow

do

es i

t se

nd o

ut

blo

od

?

Inv

esti

gati

ve

Act

ivit

y

20

min

s.

Inves

tigat

e th

e st

ruct

ure

of

the

hum

an h

eart

and

ho

w

it i

s co

nn

ecte

d t

o b

loo

d v

esse

ls.

It h

as f

ou

r ch

amb

ers.

Vei

ns

are

conn

ecte

d

to

atri

um

s an

d

arte

ries

ar

e

con

nec

ted

to

ven

tric

les.

Blo

od

ente

rs t

he

atri

um

s an

d

is s

ent

ou

t fr

om

th

e ven

tric

les.

Du

e to

val

ves

pre

sen

t in

th

e h

eart

, b

lood

can

no

t fl

ow

in r

ever

se e

ven

if

sen

t o

ut

wit

h g

reat

fo

rce.

Blo

od

sen

t o

ut

to t

he

lun

gs

leav

es t

he

righ

t v

entr

icle

and

ret

urn

s th

rou

gh

th

e le

ft a

triu

m.

Mak

e p

up

ils

awar

e o

f h

ow

b

loo

d

ves

sels

ar

e

con

nec

ted

to

th

e h

eart

an

d h

ow

th

ings

mo

ve

wh

en

blo

od

is

sen

t o

ut

fro

m t

he

hea

rt.

Hav

e th

em

inves

tigat

e u

sin

g

refe

ren

ces

and

th

e

textb

oo

k.

Hav

e th

em i

nves

tigat

e th

e fl

ow

of

pu

lmo

nar

y a

nd

mai

n c

ircu

lati

on a

lon

g w

ith

th

eir

role

s, a

s w

ell

as

the

char

acte

rist

ics

of

the

blo

od t

hat

flo

ws

thro

ugh

them

, an

d r

elat

e th

em t

o t

he

hea

rt’s

str

uct

ure

.

Ob

serv

ati

on

20

min

s.

At

a m

eat

pro

cess

ing

pla

nt,

ac

tual

ly

ob

serv

e a

mam

mal

’s h

eart

an

d s

ket

ch i

t.

Th

e h

eart

is

mad

e o

f m

usc

le.

Mak

e th

em gra

sp th

at th

e h

eart

is

m

ade

of

thic

k

mu

scle

s so

th

at i

t ca

n s

end

blo

od o

ut

to t

he

bod

y

wit

h g

reat

fo

rce.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d

Ski

lls

8)

Ab

ilit

y

to

ob

serv

e th

at t

he

hea

rt i

s m

ade

up

of

thic

k m

usc

le s

o t

hat

it c

an s

end

blo

od

ou

t to

th

e en

tire

bo

dy.

Pre

sen

tati

on

Su

mm

ary

20

min

s.

Pre

sen

t w

hat

yo

u h

ave

ob

serv

ed a

nd

con

firm

ed.

(Eva

lua

tion

: K

no

wle

dg

e an

d S

kill

s 9

) A

bil

ity t

o e

xp

lain

that

th

e h

eart

is

mad

e u

p o

f fo

ur

cham

ber

s in

th

e ri

gh

t

ven

tric

le,

righ

t at

riu

m,

left

ven

tric

le,

left

at

riu

m,

and

also

th

at

the

hea

rt

fun

ctio

ns

as

a p

um

p

to

circ

ula

te

blo

od

th

rou

gho

ut

the

enti

re b

od

y.

Page 22: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

5. Im

po

rta

nce

of

Blo

od

Cir

cula

tio

n (

2 p

erio

ds:

13

th -

14

th p

erio

d)

Go

als

of

this

su

b-u

nit

Sh

ow

th

e st

ate

of

blo

od

cir

cula

tio

n i

n a

pat

tern

dia

gra

m,

then

sh

ow

ho

w b

loo

d r

elat

es t

o t

he

org

ans

of

the

bod

y a

nd

su

mm

ariz

e h

ow

it

mai

nta

ins

life

.

Ma

teri

al

Pre

para

tio

ns

Dra

win

g p

aper

Per

iod

s 13-1

4:

Imp

ort

an

ce o

f B

lood

Cir

cula

tion

Lea

rn

ing

flo

w a

nd

act

ivit

yT

each

ing

Hin

ts a

nd

Ad

vic

e

Intr

od

uct

ion

10

min

s.

Su

mm

ariz

e fa

cts

abo

ut

blo

od

circ

ula

tio

n

and

th

e

circ

ula

tory

syst

em.

Let

pu

pil

s d

iscu

ss t

he

sum

mar

y o

f w

hat

th

ey h

ave

lear

ned

up

un

til

no

w ab

ou

t th

e ci

rcu

lato

ry sy

stem

,

focu

sin

g o

n b

loo

d.

Qu

esti

on

sS

um

mar

ize

the

circ

ula

tion

of

blo

od

.

Pre

sen

tati

on

40

min

s.

Wh

ile

dis

cuss

ing t

he

circ

ula

tion

of

blo

od

, sh

ow

ho

w

the

hea

rt,

lun

gs,

sm

all

inte

stin

e, l

iver

, kid

ney

s as

wel

l

as b

lood

ves

sels

in

th

e h

and

s an

d l

egs

con

nec

t in

the

giv

en f

igu

re.

Wri

te

in

the

char

acte

rist

ics

of

the

blo

od

fl

ow

ing

thro

ugh

th

e d

iffe

ren

t b

loo

d v

esse

ls.

Co

nsi

der

w

hy

blo

od

ci

rcu

lati

on

is

im

po

rtan

t in

add

itio

n t

o m

ain

tain

ing l

ife.

K

no

w

abou

t dis

ease

s fo

r w

hic

h

blo

od

ac

ts

as

a

med

ium

fo

r in

fect

ion

(H

IV).

Bas

ed o

n w

hat

th

ey h

ave

lear

ned

to

th

is p

oin

t, h

ave

pu

pil

s co

nsi

der

th

e im

po

rtan

ce o

f b

loo

d c

ircu

lati

on

.

Exp

lain

ab

ou

t H

IV a

nd

kno

w a

bo

ut

the

thin

gs

to b

e

care

ful

wit

h i

n d

aily

lif

e to

pre

ven

t in

fect

ion

.

Blo

od

tra

nsf

usi

on

s, b

od

ily f

luid

s, o

pen

wo

un

ds,

and

shar

ing o

f u

nst

eril

ized

too

ls t

hat

hav

e to

uch

ed b

loo

d.

(Eva

lua

tion

: In

tere

st

2)

Tak

e an

in

tere

st

in

ho

w

the

circ

ula

tio

n o

f b

loo

d c

arri

es t

he

ox

ygen

an

d n

utr

imen

ts

nee

ded

fo

r h

um

an a

ctiv

ity a

nd

the

un

nee

ded

su

bst

ance

s

resu

ltin

g f

rom

th

ose

act

ivit

ies,

and

wil

full

y c

on

sid

er t

he

imp

ort

ance

of

blo

od

cir

cula

tio

n.

(Eva

lua

tion

: T

hin

kin

g a

nd

Rep

rese

nta

tion

4)

Ab

ilit

y t

o

sum

mar

ize

the

stat

e o

f h

um

an

blo

od

ci

rcula

tion

in

a

pat

tern

d

iagra

m

join

ing

lun

g

circ

ula

tio

n

and

b

od

y

circ

ula

tio

n.

Su

mm

ary

20

min

s.

Rev

iew

th

e w

ord

s an

d p

hra

ses

yo

u h

ave

lear

ned

un

til

no

w.

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

[Wo

rksh

eet]

---

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

-- *

To b

e u

sed

in

1st –

2nd p

erio

ds

Inv

esti

ga

tin

g B

loo

d

Da

te:

C

lass

:

N

am

e:

1.

Mate

rial

Pre

para

tion

s

Tex

tbooks

and p

ictu

re b

ooks

and o

ther

ref

eren

ces

about

blo

od.

Mir

rors

, fo

r use

in o

bse

rvin

g t

he

whit

e in

one’

s ow

n e

yes

. N

ote

: w

hen

obse

rvin

g t

he

eye,

take

care

not

to i

nju

re y

ours

elf.

2.

Ob

serv

ati

on

Pro

ced

ure

a.In

ves

tigat

e blo

od u

sing t

he

textb

ook a

nd p

ictu

re b

ooks,

and s

um

mar

ize

your

findin

gs.

b.

Look f

or

par

ts o

n y

our

ow

n b

ody w

her

e blo

od i

s fl

ow

ing.

Wher

e you l

ooked

)

What

you r

eali

zed)

Wher

e you l

ooked

)

What

you r

eali

zed)

c.W

rite

dow

n w

hat

you t

hought

was

str

ange

or

thin

gs

you w

ould

lik

e to

inves

tigat

e fu

rther

.

* K

eep t

his

work

shee

t fo

r th

e nex

t cl

ass

.

Page 23: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

[Wo

rksh

eet]

---

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

-- *

To b

e u

sed

in

3rd

– 4

th p

erio

ds

Ob

serv

ing

th

e F

low

of

Blo

od

Da

te:

C

lass

:

N

am

e:

1.

Mate

rial

Pre

para

tion

s fo

r O

bse

rvati

on

Sm

all

fish

(gupp

y, e

tc.)

, m

icro

scope,

sm

all

poly

styre

ne

bag

wit

h f

aste

ner

2.

Ob

serv

ati

on

Pro

ced

ure

* I

f you d

o n

ot

hav

e a

fish

, use

audio

-vis

ual

mat

eria

ls (

can b

e ch

anged

to o

bse

rvat

ion o

f par

t of

a fi

sh f

in

or

the

flow

of

blo

od i

n m

amm

als)

a.P

ut

the

fish

and s

om

e w

ater

in a

poly

styre

ne

b. O

bse

rve

the

fin a

t 100-1

50x m

agnif

icat

ion.

bag

and p

lace

it

on t

he

stag

e.

c. S

ket

ch t

he

flow

of

blo

od i

n t

he

fram

e on

the

right.

Note

: w

ash

hands

wel

l aft

er o

bse

rvin

g.

d.

Wri

te d

ow

n w

hat

you t

hought

was

str

ange

or

thin

gs

you

would

li

ke

to

inves

tigat

e

furt

her

bel

ow

.

* K

eep t

his

work

shee

t fo

r th

e nex

t cl

ass

.

Try

no

t to

to

uch

the

fish

to

o m

uch

in o

bse

rvat

ion.

Ret

urn

the

fish

into

the

aquar

ium

im

med

iate

ly

af

ter

vie

win

g.

Blo

od

F

low

100

x m

ag

nif

ica

tio

n

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

[Wo

rksh

eet]

---

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

-- *

To b

e u

sed

in

7th –

8th p

erio

ds

Ob

serv

ing V

ein

s an

d C

ap

illa

ries

Da

te:

C

lass

:

N

am

e:

1.

Mate

rial

Pre

para

tion

s fo

r O

bse

rvati

on

Fre

sh p

iece

of

mea

t to

obse

rve

blo

od v

esse

ls, m

agnif

yin

g g

lass

, m

irro

r

2.

Ob

serv

ati

on

Pro

ced

ure

a.L

ook fo

r a

pla

ce you ca

n se

e vei

ns,

li

ke

the

bac

k o

f your

han

d, an

d s

ket

ch t

he

blo

od v

esse

ls.

b.

Obse

rve

the

blo

od v

esse

ls i

n t

he

whit

e of

your

frie

nd’s

eye

or

your

ow

n e

ye

(usi

ng a

mir

ror)

and s

ket

ch i

t.

Note

: Take

care

not

to i

nju

re t

he

eye

when

obse

rvin

g.

c.O

bse

rve

the

blo

od t

hat

ooze

s to

the

surf

ace

and

the

stat

e of

capil

lari

es o

n a

fre

sh p

iece

of

mea

t.

N

ote

: w

ash

hands

wel

l aft

er o

bse

rvin

g.

d.

Wri

te d

ow

n w

hat

you t

hought

was

str

ange

or

thin

gs

you w

ould

lik

e to

inves

tigat

e fu

rther

bel

ow

.

* K

eep t

his

work

shee

t fo

r th

e nex

t cl

ass

.

Wh

ite

of

an E

ye

Pie

ce o

f M

eat

Bac

k o

f H

and

Page 24: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

1st S

ub

-Un

it R

evie

w T

est

* g

iven

aft

er e

nd o

f 2

nd p

erio

d

Cla

ss:

N

am

e:

An

swer

the

foll

ow

ing q

ues

tions

about

the

circ

ula

tory

syst

em.

1.

Exp

lain

th

e fo

llow

ing

ter

ms.

Blo

od

Cir

cula

tio

n

How

blo

od

flo

ws

from

th

e h

eart

to a

ll p

art

s of

the

bod

y a

nd

th

en b

ack

to t

he

hea

rt.

Acc

epta

ble

as

lon

g a

s th

e above

is

incl

uded

. “O

rgan

s of

the

body”

can

be

subst

itu

ted f

or

“a

ll p

art

s of

the

body.

Cir

cula

tory

Syst

em

Th

e org

an

s re

late

d t

o b

lood

cir

cula

tion

.

2.

Wri

te d

ow

n t

he

3 o

rgan

s of

the

circ

ula

tory

syst

em a

nd t

hei

r ro

les

bel

ow

.

Org

an:

( H

eart

)

R

ole

:

( se

nd

s b

lood

ou

t to

all

part

s of

the

bod

y

)

Org

an:

( B

loo

d

)

Ro

le:

(

To

tra

nsp

ort

nec

essa

ry a

nd

un

nec

essa

ry w

ast

e p

rod

uct

s th

rou

gh

ou

t th

e b

od

y

)

Org

an:

(B

lood

ves

sels

)

Ro

le:

(

tu

bes

wh

ich

blo

od

flo

ws

thro

ugh

)

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

2

nd S

ub

-Un

it R

evie

w T

est

* g

iven

aft

er e

nd o

f 6

th p

erio

d

Cla

ss:

N

am

e:

An

swer

the

foll

ow

ing q

ues

tions

about

the

com

ponen

ts o

f blo

od.

1.

Dra

w l

ines

bet

wee

n t

he

term

s on t

he

left

and t

hei

r re

late

d t

erm

s on t

he

right.

Red

blo

od c

ells

Bac

teri

a

O

xyg

en

Whit

e blo

od c

ells

Car

bon d

ioxid

e

B

lood c

lott

ing

Pla

tele

ts

N

utr

imen

ts

H

aem

oglo

bin

s

Pla

sma

T

issu

e fl

uid

2.

Du

e to

a s

ubst

ance

in b

lood t

hat

at

tim

es a

ttac

hes

to a

nd r

elea

ses

oxygen

, th

e co

lour

of

blo

od w

ill

go

bet

wee

n b

eing b

right

red a

nd a

dar

ker

bro

wn c

olo

ur.

What

is

this

subst

ance

cal

led?

(H

aem

oglo

bin

s)

3.

If y

our

body i

s lo

w o

n t

he

subst

ance

giv

en i

n 2

. above

you b

ecom

e si

ck. W

hat

is

this

sic

knes

s ca

lled

?

(

An

aem

ia )

4.

When

one

inju

res

thei

r ar

m t

hey

wil

l so

met

imes

tie

a s

mal

l st

ring a

round t

he

arm

tig

htl

y i

n o

rder

to s

top

the

ble

edin

g, bu

t le

avin

g t

hin

gs

like

this

for

exte

nded

per

iods

is d

anger

ous.

Tel

l w

hy t

his

is.

(If

you

bin

d a

sm

all

str

ing a

rou

nd

som

eth

ing t

o s

top

th

e b

leed

ing t

hen

blo

od

can

not

flow

past

th

at

poin

t, m

ean

ing n

o o

xygen

is

bei

ng c

arr

ied

to t

he

cell

s. I

f you

lea

ve

thin

gs

in t

his

sta

te t

hen

th

e ce

lls

wil

l b

ecom

e gan

gre

nou

s (d

ie o

ff)

)

An

yth

ing sa

yin

g th

at

the

oxyg

en goes

aw

ay

an

d ce

lls

wil

l die

off

if

th

ey do n

ot

get

oxyg

en is

acc

epta

ble

.

Page 25: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

3

rd S

ub

-Un

it R

ev

iew

Tes

t

* g

iven

aft

er e

nd o

f 9th

per

iod

Cla

ss:

N

am

e:

An

swer

the

foll

ow

ing q

ues

tions

about

blo

od v

esse

ls i

n t

he

body.

1.

Expla

in t

he

char

acte

rist

ics

and r

ole

s of

the

blo

od v

esse

ls s

how

n b

elow

:

Art

erie

s:

Ves

sels

th

at

sen

d b

lood

ou

t to

th

e b

od

y f

rom

th

e h

eart

. B

ecau

se t

hey

ca

rry b

lood

fro

m t

he

hea

rt a

t

hig

h p

ress

ure

, th

ey h

ave

thic

k w

all

s an

d n

o v

alv

es. P

uls

e b

eats

at

the

sam

e te

mp

o o

f th

e h

eart

’s b

eat.

Vei

ns:

Ves

sels

th

at

sen

d b

lood

fro

m t

he

bod

y i

nto

th

e h

eart

. T

hey

flo

w a

t lo

wer

pre

ssu

re,

an

d t

hu

s h

ave

valv

es t

o p

reven

t re

ver

se f

low

.

Cap

illa

ries

:

Th

e n

arr

ow

est

ves

sels

, fo

un

d b

ran

chin

g o

ut

from

th

e en

d o

f art

erie

s. B

ecau

se t

hey

hel

p c

arr

y b

lood

to e

ver

y p

art

of

the

bod

y, t

hey

wid

ely c

over

th

e su

rface

of

the

bo

dy.

Pu

lmonar

y a

rter

y:

Ca

rrie

s n

on

-oxygen

ate

d b

lood

fro

m t

he

hea

rt t

o t

he

lun

gs.

Pulm

onar

y v

ein:

Sen

ds

hig

hly

oxygen

ate

d b

lood

back

to t

he

hea

rt f

rom

th

e lu

ngs.

2.

Expla

in t

he

dif

fere

nce

s in

cir

cula

tion t

o t

he

lungs

and t

hat

to t

he

rest

of

the

body.

In p

ulm

on

ary

cir

cula

tion

, th

e b

lood

sen

t to

th

e lu

ngs

from

th

e h

eart

exp

els

carb

on

dio

xid

e, t

hen

bec

om

es o

xygen

ate

d a

nd

flo

ws

back

to t

he

hea

rt.

In m

ain

cir

cula

tion

, h

igh

ly o

xygen

ate

d b

lood

sen

t

ou

t fr

om

th

e h

eart

pro

vid

es o

xygen

to c

ells

an

d b

ecom

es f

ille

d w

ith

carb

on

dio

xid

e, c

ircu

lati

ng

wit

hin

th

e en

tire

bod

y. B

loo

d t

hen

flo

ws

back

to t

he

hea

rt.

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

4th

Su

b-U

nit

Rev

iew

Tes

t

* g

iven

aft

er e

nd o

f 12th

per

iod

Cla

ss:

N

am

e:

Answ

er t

he

foll

ow

ing q

ues

tions

about

the

stru

cture

and f

unct

ion o

f th

e hea

rt.

1.

Wri

te i

n t

he

figure

to t

he

right

the

par

ts o

n t

he

hum

an

body w

her

e you c

an d

etec

t a

puls

e.

2.

When

would

your

puls

e hav

e m

ore

bea

ts,

bef

ore

or

afte

r

exer

cisi

ng?

Als

o g

ive

your

reas

on f

or

this

answ

er.

( b

efore

aft

er )

Rea

son:

( T

he

hea

rt t

ries

to s

end

ou

t la

rge

am

ou

nts

of

blo

od

to

com

pen

sate

fo

r th

e oxygen

use

d i

n e

xer

cisi

ng.

)

3.

Wri

te i

n t

he

nam

es o

f th

e par

ts o

f th

e hea

rt l

abel

led a

– d

in t

he

figure

on t

he

right.

Als

o g

ive

the

nam

es o

f th

e blo

od v

esse

ls l

abel

led 1

– 4

.

Nex

t, d

raw

arr

ow

s on t

he

figure

to s

how

the

dir

ecti

on o

f blo

od

flow

for

item

s 1 –

4 a

s giv

en a

bove.

a.

(ri

gh

t atr

ium

)b

. (

righ

t ven

tric

le)

c. (

left

atr

ium

)d

. (

left

ven

tric

le)

1.

( ven

a c

ava

)2.

( aort

a

)

3.

( p

ulm

on

ary

art

ery )

4. (

pu

lmon

ary

vei

ns

)

1.

2.

3.

4.

Page 26: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

5th

Su

b-U

nit

Rev

iew

Tes

t

* g

iven

aft

er e

nd o

f 6th

per

iod

Cla

ss:

N

am

e:

An

swer

the

foll

ow

ing q

ues

tions

about

the

import

ance

of

blo

od c

ircu

lati

on.

1.

Choosi

ng

bet

wee

n a

. – g

. bel

ow

, put

the

appro

pri

ate

term

in t

he

bla

nks

bel

ow

.

Blo

od h

as m

any f

unct

ions

wit

hin

the

bod

y. O

ne

of

thes

e is

tra

nsp

ort

atio

n.

Blo

od t

ransp

ort

s th

e fo

llow

ing

thin

gs:

D

iges

ted f

ood i

s ca

rrie

d f

rom

the

( g.

) to

all

par

ts o

f th

e body.

( d

. )

is c

arri

ed f

rom

the

lungs

to c

ells

all

over

the

body.

(c.

) is

car

ried

fro

m c

ells

all

over

the

body t

o t

he

lungs.

Was

te p

roduct

s su

ch a

s ure

a ar

e ca

rrie

d t

o t

he

( a.

).

a. k

idney

sb. li

ver

c.

car

bon d

ioxid

ed. oxygen

e. n

itro

gen

f. l

ungs

g. sm

all

inte

stin

e

2.

HIV

is

a dis

ease

that

can

be

contr

acte

d t

hro

ugh t

he

blo

od.

Wri

te d

ow

n t

he

foll

ow

ing i

tem

s to

avoid

bei

ng

infe

cted

thro

ugh b

lood s

how

n b

elow

:

Warn

ings

ab

ou

t b

lood

tra

nsf

usi

on

s

(O

nly

use

ute

nsi

ls t

este

d t

o c

on

firm

th

ey a

re n

ot

infe

cted

wit

h H

IV.

)

Warn

ings

ab

ou

t op

en w

ou

nd

s

( P

rote

ct y

ou

rsel

f b

y c

over

ing t

he

wou

nd

or

wea

rin

g g

loves

. Y

ou

sh

ou

ld n

ever

com

e in

con

tact

wit

h b

lood

fro

m a

wou

nd

. )

Tools

th

at

cut

skin

an

d r

azo

rs

(D

o n

ot

share

th

ese

wit

h o

ther

s, a

nd

if

you

do s

hare

th

en o

nly

use

aft

er d

isin

fect

ing. )

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Fin

al

Un

it E

va

lua

tio

n T

est

* D

on

e at

Un

it E

nd

Cla

ss:

Nam

e:

1.

Fig

ure

1 b

elow

is

a pat

tern

dia

gra

m o

f th

e el

emen

ts o

f hum

an b

lood.

Fig

ure

2 s

how

s th

e ar

rangem

ent

of

cell

s in

the

hum

an b

ody.

An

swer

the

foll

ow

ing q

ues

tions.

Fig

ure

1F

igu

re 2

(i)

In F

igu

re 1

, w

hic

h o

f a –

d p

erfo

rms

the

funct

ion o

f re

movin

g b

acte

ria?

Als

o g

ive

the

nam

e.

Sym

bol:

(

c. )

Nam

e: (

Wh

ite

blo

od

cel

ls )

(ii)

In F

igu

re 1

, w

hic

h o

f a –

d h

as r

ed-c

olo

ure

d p

igm

ent?

Als

o g

ive

the

nam

e.

Sym

bol:

(

a.

)

Nam

e: (

Red

blo

od

cel

ls )

(iii

)In

Fig

ure

1,

whic

h o

f a –

d c

arri

es c

arbon d

ioxid

e an

d a

mm

onia

giv

en o

ff b

y c

ells

. Als

o g

ive

the

nam

e.

Sym

bol:

(

d.

)

Nam

e: (

Pla

sma )

(iv)

What

is

the

nam

e of

the

liquid

surr

oundin

g t

he

cell

in F

igu

re 2

? T

he

blo

od e

lem

ent

that

form

s th

is

liquid

is

whic

h o

f a –

d f

rom

Fig

ure

1?

Nam

e: (

T

issu

e fl

uid

)

Sym

bol:

( d

. )

Bod

y C

ells

Page 27: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

2.

Ente

r th

e ap

pro

pri

ate

wo

rds

in t

he

bla

nks

bel

ow

fro

m t

he

choic

es i

n t

he

box f

oll

ow

ing t

he

ques

tions.

(i)

(O

xygen

)

is c

arri

ed t

o a

ll p

arts

of

the

body b

y r

ed b

lood c

ells

.

(ii)

Blo

od f

low

s fr

om

the

hea

rt t

o t

he

lungs

thro

ugh t

he

(p

ulm

on

ary

art

ery ),

and r

eturn

s to

the

hea

rt f

rom

the

lungs

thro

ugh t

he

(p

ulm

on

ary

vei

n ).

(iii

)The

blo

od v

esse

ls t

hat

sen

d b

lood o

ut

from

the

hea

rt t

o t

he

far

corn

ers

of

the

body a

re c

alle

d (

art

erie

s

), a

nd t

he

smal

l blo

od v

esse

ls w

hic

h r

each

to t

he

far

corn

ers

carr

yin

g b

lood a

re c

alle

d (

cap

illa

ries

).B

lood ci

rcula

ting th

rough th

e body re

turn

s to

th

e hea

rt th

rough (

the

ven

a ca

va (v

ein

s als

o

acc

epta

ble

)).

(iv)V

alves

in

th

e (

ven

a ca

va

) an

d (

vei

ns

)

are

to pre

ven

t (

rever

se fl

ow

)

of

blo

od.

(v)

The

cham

ber

s on t

he

top h

alf

of

the

hea

rt a

re c

alle

d (

atr

ium

s ),

and t

he

cham

ber

s on t

he

bott

om

hal

f ar

e ca

lled

( ven

tric

les

).

(vi)

Pla

sma

has

the

funct

ion o

f ca

rryin

g t

he

(oxygen

) an

d (

nu

trim

ents

)

nee

ded

by t

he

bod

y,

and a

lso c

arry

ing u

nnee

ded

subst

ance

s li

ke

(u

rea

) an

d (

carb

on

dio

xid

e).

Art

erie

s V

eins

A

ort

a V

ena

Cav

a P

ulm

onar

y A

rter

y P

ulm

onar

y V

ein

Blo

od V

esse

ls C

apil

lari

es C

lott

ing R

ever

se F

low

A

triu

m V

entr

icle

Oxygen

C

arbon D

ioxid

e U

rea

N

utr

imen

ts H

eart

L

ungs

3.

The

figure

on t

he

right

show

s a

cross

sec

tion o

f th

e hum

an

hea

rt. A

nsw

er t

he

foll

ow

ing q

ues

tions

about

the

figu

re.

(i)

Giv

e th

e nam

e of

part

a.

in t

he

figure

. (

righ

t atr

ium

)

(ii)

Nam

e b

lood

ves

sel

1. in

the

figure

. (

V

ena c

ava

)

(iii

)B

etw

een

part

s a

d,

giv

e al

l par

ts

into

w

hic

h

blo

od

retu

rns

to t

he

hea

rt.

(

a, c

)

(iv)

Bet

wee

n p

art

s a –

d, giv

e al

l par

ts o

f th

e hea

rt w

ith b

lood

that

is

leav

ing t

he

hea

rt.

(

b, d

)

(v)

Bet

wee

n b

lood

ves

sels

1 –

4, te

ll w

hic

h f

low

s to

the

lungs.

(

3)

(vi)

Bet

wee

n p

art

s a –

d, giv

e al

l par

ts o

f th

e hea

rt w

ith o

xyg

enat

ed b

lood i

n t

hem

.

(

c, d

)

1

23

4

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

4.

The

figure

on

the

right

is a

pat

tern

dia

gra

m s

how

ing h

um

an b

lood c

ircu

lati

on. T

he

lett

ers

A –

C a

re i

nte

rnal

org

ans

and t

he

num

ber

s 1 –

10

ref

er t

o d

iffe

rent

blo

od v

esse

ls. A

nsw

er t

he

ques

tions

bel

ow

.

(i)

Giv

e th

e nam

es f

or

org

ans

A a

nd B

in t

he

figure

.

A

(

Lu

ng

s )

B

( L

iver

)

(ii)

a.

and b

. in

the

figure

show

dir

ecti

on o

f fl

ow

. W

hic

h d

irec

tion i

s

blo

od fl

ow

ing in

blo

od ves

sels

1)

and 2)

resp

ecti

vel

y?

Answ

er

usi

ng t

he

lett

ers

a.

or

b. 1)

( a.

)

2)

(

b.

)

(iii

)G

ive

the

nam

e of

blo

od v

esse

l 3.

( P

ulm

on

ary

art

ery )

(iv)

What

are

the

blo

od c

ircu

lati

on p

atte

rns

that

flo

w i

n t

he

foll

ow

ing

sequen

ces

call

ed?

a.H

eart

O

rgan

A

Hea

rt

( P

ulm

on

ary

cir

cula

tion

)

b.

Hea

rt

Bod

y C

ells

H

eart

( M

ain

cir

cula

tion

)

(v)

Usi

ng n

um

ber

s 1 –

10

, ch

oose

the

one

blo

od v

esse

l w

ith b

lood

flow

ing a

s des

crib

ed.

a.B

lood h

ere

is t

he

most

ox

ygen

ated

.

( 1

)

b.

Aft

er e

atin

g, blo

od h

ere

has

the

most

glu

cose

and a

min

o a

cids.

( 9

)

c.B

lood h

ere

has

the

most

car

bon d

ioxid

e.

( 4

)

(vi)

The

blo

od v

esse

l w

ith t

he

leas

t am

ount

of

ure

a in

the

blo

od f

low

is

nu

mb

er 8

in t

he

figure

. G

ive

the

nam

e of

Org

an

C.

(K

idn

eys

)

(vii

)W

hat

is

the

subst

ance

whic

h p

lasm

a ooze

s fr

om

the

wal

ls o

f ca

pil

lari

es c

alle

d? (

Tis

sue

flu

id )

5.

Expla

in b

lood c

ircu

lati

on.

Blo

od

is

an

im

port

an

t li

qu

id t

o t

he

life

of

an

imals

th

at

carr

ies

oxygen

an

d n

utr

imen

ts t

hro

ugh

ou

t th

e

bod

y a

nd

als

o h

an

dle

s tr

an

sport

of

wa

ste

ma

teri

als

lik

e ca

rbon

dio

xid

e an

d u

rea f

or

dis

posa

l.

Blo

od

flo

win

g f

rom

th

e h

eart

to a

ll p

art

s of

the

bod

y a

nd

th

en b

ack

to t

he

hea

rt i

s re

ferr

ed t

o a

s

blo

od

cir

cula

tion

.

Th

e p

ath

of

circ

ula

tion

can

be

div

ided

in

to t

wo m

ain

part

s.

Th

e fi

rst

of

thes

e ci

rcu

late

s ce

ntr

ed a

rou

nd

th

e lu

ngs,

sen

din

g b

lood

fro

m t

he

hea

rt t

o t

he

lun

gs

an

d

then

ret

urn

ing b

ack

to t

he

hea

rt.

Th

e oth

er c

ircu

late

s aro

un

d t

he

enti

re b

od

y, w

ith

blo

od

bei

ng s

ent

ou

t fr

om

th

e h

eart

goin

g t

o a

ll

part

s of

the

bod

y e

xce

pt

the

lun

gs

an

d t

hen

ret

urn

ing b

ack

to t

he

hea

rt.

Bo

dy C

ells

Sm

all

Inte

stin

e

Hea

rt

Hea

d C

ells

ab

Page 28: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Stu

den

t Q

ues

tio

nn

air

es

1.

Wh

at

kin

ds

of

stu

dy

ing h

av

e y

ou

do

ne

in t

he

past

fo

r th

e a

bov

e te

st p

rob

lem

s?

0.

No

ne

at a

ll

This

was

do

ne

10

% o

f th

e ti

me

for

all

pro

ble

ms.

1.

No

This

was

do

ne

30

% o

f th

e ti

me

for

all

pro

ble

ms.

2.

Aver

age

This

was

do

ne

50

% o

f th

e ti

me

for

all

pro

ble

ms.

3.

Yes

T

his

was

do

ne

70

% o

f th

e ti

me

for

all

pro

ble

ms.

4.

Ab

solu

tely

yes

T

his

was

do

ne

over

90%

of

the

tim

e fo

r al

l pro

ble

ms.

An

swer

ing

Qu

esti

on

s u

sin

g P

ictu

res

an

d D

iag

ram

s in

th

e T

extb

oo

k o

r Il

lust

rati

on

s D

raw

n o

n t

he

Bla

ckb

oard

1.

Th

e S

tud

ents

answ

ered

th

e q

ues

tio

ns

by w

alkin

g u

p t

o t

he

bo

ard

an

d d

raw

ing d

iagra

ms

or

wri

tin

g

word

s.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

2.

Th

e te

ach

er a

sked

an

d a

nsw

ered

th

e qu

esti

on

s b

y d

raw

ing d

iagra

ms

or

wri

tin

g w

ord

s on

the

bo

ard

.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

3.

Qu

esti

on

s w

ere

answ

ered

usi

ng p

ictu

res

and

dia

gra

ms

in t

he

tex

tbo

ok.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Exp

erim

ents

1.

Did

the

stu

den

ts c

on

duct

any e

xp

erim

ents

or

obse

rvat

ion

s?

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

2.

Th

e te

ach

er c

on

du

cted

th

e ex

per

imen

ts.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4

.

3.

The

stu

den

ts c

on

du

cted

the

exp

erim

ents

by f

oll

ow

ing t

he

teac

her

’s i

nst

ruct

ions.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Dis

cuss

ion

an

d T

hin

kin

g

4.

We

talk

ed w

ith

fri

end

s in

the

clas

s an

d t

ho

ugh

t ab

ou

t th

e p

roble

ms.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

We

tho

ugh

t ab

ou

t th

e p

rob

lem

s ca

refu

lly w

ith

fri

end

s an

d s

tate

d o

ur

idea

s lo

gic

ally

.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

6.

We

tho

ugh

t ab

ou

t th

e pro

ble

ms

care

full

y

wh

en

com

ing

up

w

ith

a

hyp

oth

esis

an

d

afte

r th

e

exp

erim

ent.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Un

der

sta

nd

ing

Id

eas

7.

I w

as a

ble

to

un

der

stan

d n

ew i

dea

s.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

8.

I w

as a

ble

to

see

new

vie

wp

oin

t o

f lo

okin

g a

t an

d t

hin

kin

g a

bo

ut

scie

nce

.

0.

1.

2.

3

. 4

.

9.

I w

as a

ble

to

gra

sp t

he

pri

nci

ple

s hid

den

ben

eath

th

e fa

cts.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Ap

pli

cati

on

of

Kn

ow

led

ge

10

. I

was

ab

le t

o a

pp

ly t

he

new

kn

ow

led

ge

that

I l

earn

ed i

n s

cho

ol

in m

y d

aily

lif

e.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

11.

The

teac

her

has

ex

pla

ined

th

at t

he

new

kn

ow

led

ge

thin

gs

the

stu

den

ts a

re l

earn

ing i

n s

choo

l ar

e

con

nec

ted w

ith

act

ual

lif

e.

0.

1.

2.

3

. 4

.

12

. I

was

ab

le t

o l

earn

th

at t

he

new

pri

nci

ple

s an

d v

iew

po

ints

to

war

d s

cien

ce c

an b

e ap

pli

ed t

o a

var

iety

of

dif

fere

nt

phen

om

ena.

0.

1.

2.

3

. 4

.

Pu

rsu

ing K

now

led

ge

thro

ugh

Pro

ble

m S

olv

ing

13

. W

e w

ere

firs

t giv

en a

pro

ble

m a

nd

th

en w

ere

to s

olv

e th

at p

roble

m.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

14

. W

e m

ade

pre

dic

tion

s, p

ut

then

to

th

e te

st,

form

ula

te s

cien

tifi

c ex

pla

nat

ion

s, a

nd p

ut

them

to

pra

ctic

al

use

.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

15

. T

he

stu

den

ts w

ere

asked

to v

erif

y t

hro

ugh

th

e ex

per

imen

t th

at t

hey

had

cre

ated

a h

yp

oth

esis

as

wel

l

as a

pla

n f

or

the

ob

serv

atio

n.

0.

1.

2.

3

.

4.

Page 29: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

2.

Wh

en y

ou

lea

rned

ea

ch u

nit

fo

r th

e a

bo

ve

test

pro

ble

ms,

did

yo

u b

ecom

e in

tere

sted

in

th

e

ma

teri

al?

0.

No

ne

at a

ll

This

was

tru

e 1

0%

of

the

tim

e fo

r al

l p

rob

lem

s.

1.

No

This

was

tru

e 3

0%

of

the

tim

e fo

r al

l p

rob

lem

s.

2.

Aver

age

This

was

tru

e 5

0%

of

the

tim

e fo

r al

l p

rob

lem

s.

3.

Yes

T

his

was

tru

e 7

0%

of

the

tim

e fo

r al

l p

rob

lem

s.

4.

Ab

solu

tely

yes

T

his

was

tru

e o

ver

90

% o

f th

e ti

me

for

all

pro

ble

ms.

Inte

rest

an

d M

oti

va

tio

n

1.

I w

as v

ery i

nte

rest

ed i

n s

cien

ce l

esso

ns.

0.

1.

2

.

3.

4

.

2.

I b

ecam

e m

ore

moti

vat

ed t

o l

earn

.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

3.

I w

as i

nte

rest

ed i

n w

hat

we

wer

e le

arn

ing f

rom

sta

rt t

o f

inis

h.

0.

1.

2

.

3.

4

.

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

an

d I

nv

olv

emen

t

4.

I w

as a

ctiv

ely e

ngag

ed i

n l

earn

ing t

he

top

ic.

0.

1.

2

.

3.

4

.

5.

I en

joyed

lea

rnin

g t

he

topic

so

much

I l

ost

tra

ck o

f ti

me.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

6.

I w

as v

ery f

ocu

sed

on l

earn

ing t

op

ic m

ater

ial

but

at t

he

sam

e ti

me,

I w

as a

lso

ver

y e

xci

ted

an

d

enjo

yed

myse

lf.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

Coop

erati

on

an

d C

oll

ab

ora

tion

7.

I en

joyed

th

e le

arnin

g p

roce

ss w

hil

e co

llab

ora

tin

g w

ith

fri

ends.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

8.

I w

as a

ble

to

lea

rn t

hro

ugh

co

op

erat

ion

an

d m

utu

al s

upp

ort

wit

h m

y f

rien

ds.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

9.

I sh

ared

my e

xp

erim

ents

and

id

eas

wit

h m

y f

rien

ds

and w

e al

l h

ad a

fun

tim

e le

arnin

g t

oget

her

.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Lev

el o

f E

arn

estn

ess

an

d E

njo

ym

ent

du

rin

g E

xp

erim

ents

10

. T

he

exper

imen

ts w

ere

ver

y e

njo

yab

le.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

11

. S

ince

ex

per

imen

ts n

eed

fiv

e se

nse

s, I

car

efu

lly m

oved

my h

and

s an

d e

yes

wh

en c

oll

ecti

ng t

he

dat

a.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

12

. D

uri

ng t

he

exp

erim

ents

, I

reco

rded

my o

bse

rvat

ions

accu

rate

ly a

nd

car

efu

lly.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

Sp

irit

of

Inq

uir

y

13

. I

began

to

hav

e m

ore

an

inquir

ing m

ind

to

war

d n

ew d

isco

ver

ies.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

14

.I

bec

ame

ver

y e

xci

ted a

nd

curi

ou

s ab

ou

t ch

alle

ngin

g t

he

un

kn

ow

n.

0.

1.

2

.

3.

4

.

15

. I

mad

e a

stro

ng e

ffo

rt t

o l

earn

wh

at i

s kn

ow

n b

y t

ryin

g t

o f

ind

exam

ple

s, d

raw

ing i

llu

stra

tio

ns,

an

d

thro

ugh

dis

cuss

ion

s an

d e

xp

erim

ents

.

0.

1.

2

.

3.

4

.

Lo

gic

an

d O

bje

ctiv

ity

16

. I

atte

mp

ted

to

fin

d p

len

ty o

f ev

iden

ce a

nd

fac

ts t

o c

hec

k w

het

her

my h

yp

oth

esis

hel

d t

rue.

0.

1

. 2

.

3.

4.

17

. I

was

ab

le t

o c

on

firm

th

at t

he

pri

nci

ple

s an

d c

once

pts

wer

e tr

ue

by a

pp

lyin

g t

hem

to

act

ual

lif

e.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

18

. T

he

expla

nat

ion

s w

ere

ver

y c

on

vin

cin

g a

nd

eas

y t

o u

nd

erst

and

for

the

enti

re c

lass

. I

was

ver

y

sati

sfie

d w

ith t

he

inte

rpre

tati

ons

whic

h w

ere

logic

al a

nd

acc

ord

ed w

ith t

he

tru

th.

0.

1

.

2.

3

.

4.

Page 30: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Ap

pen

dix

Ele

men

ts a

nd

Fu

nct

ion

s of

Blo

od

Red

Blo

od

Cel

ls

3.

Sh

ap

e A

dvan

tages

Red

blo

od

cell

s ar

e not

circ

ula

r,

but

rath

er

are

dis

k-s

hap

ed w

ith a

n i

nden

ted c

entr

e as

show

n i

n t

he

figure

on t

he

right.

This

shap

e m

akes

the

cell

s hig

hly

flex

ible

, al

low

ing t

hem

to c

han

ge

shap

e by f

old

ing t

o p

ass

thro

ugh n

arro

w p

assa

ges

such

as

capil

lari

es.

This

shap

e al

so e

nla

rges

the

surf

ace

area

, al

low

ing e

ffic

ient

tran

sport

of

oxygen

.

4.

Wh

ere

Cel

ls a

re M

ad

e

Red

blo

od c

ells

are

mad

e in

the

mar

row

of

bones

. W

hil

e in

the

foet

us

blo

od i

s al

so m

ade

in t

he

liver

and

sple

en, but

afte

r bir

th i

t is

mad

e in

the

mar

row

of

the

ster

num

, ri

bs,

ver

tebra

e, p

elvis

and f

emurs

.

Mar

row

is

the

soft

tis

sue

that

fil

ls b

ones

' b

on

e-m

arro

w c

anal

and t

he

spongy b

one

tiss

ue

of

thei

r in

ner

cavit

ies.

Red

blo

od c

ells

are

mad

e fr

om

blo

od b

last

cel

ls f

ound h

ere

in m

arro

w.

A g

iant

mo

ther

cel

l, a

lso c

alle

d

a gia

nt

eryth

robla

st,

is

mad

e fr

om

th

ese

blo

od

bla

st

cell

s.

Aft

er

the

moth

er

cell

div

ides

se

ver

al

tim

es,

dis

k-s

hap

ed r

ed b

lood c

ells

are

pro

duce

d.

Whit

e blo

od c

ells

and p

late

lets

are

als

o m

ade

in b

one

mar

row

. Ju

st a

s w

ith r

ed b

lood c

ells

, bla

st c

ells

form

the

bas

e fo

r th

ese

cell

s as

wel

l.

Wh

ite

Blo

od

Cel

ls

5.

Typ

es o

f W

hit

e B

lood

Cel

ls

The

figure

on t

he

right

show

s so

me

of

the

types

of

wh

ite

blo

od c

ells

found i

n t

he

blo

od

of

ver

tebra

tes

such

as

hum

an b

eings.

Gra

nulo

cyte

s,

whic

h

hav

e nucl

ei

that

ca

n

chan

ge

shap

e, c

om

pri

se 6

5-7

0%

of

all

whit

e

blo

od c

ells

and h

ave

gra

nule

s w

ithin

the

cell

s.

Thes

e ce

lls

hav

e a

dia

met

er o

f ab

out

10µ

m,

and a

re t

he

cell

s norm

ally

ref

erre

d t

o w

hen

spea

kin

g o

f w

hit

e blo

od

cell

s. W

hit

e blo

od c

ells

are

div

ided

into

thre

e ty

pes

by d

iffe

rence

s in

the

stai

nin

g p

roper

ties

wit

h r

espec

t to

the

colo

uri

ng o

f th

e gra

nule

, know

n a

s neu

trophil

es, ac

idophil

es a

nd b

asophil

es.

Monocy

tes,

whic

h a

re w

hit

e blo

od c

ells

wit

h a

sin

gle

nucl

eus,

are

the

larg

est

of

blo

od c

ells

wit

h a

dia

met

er o

f

13-2

m.

Lym

phocy

tes

com

pri

se n

earl

y 1

00%

of

all

cell

s fo

und i

n l

ym

ph.

Thes

e ce

lls

hav

e a

dia

met

er o

f 7

-12µ

m a

nd

are

circ

ula

r w

hen

in l

ym

ph

or

blo

od,

but

are

amorp

hous

in s

hap

e w

hen

found i

n t

issu

e. T

hes

e ce

lls

hel

p i

n

acquir

ing i

mm

unit

ies.

If c

ircu

lar…

If c

ircu

lar…

If d

isk-s

hap

ed…

Red

blo

od

cel

ls

Cap

illa

ries

Gra

nu

locy

te

(P

oly

mo

rph

onu

clea

r

Lym

ph

cel

ls

Ty

pes

of

Wh

ite

Blo

od

Cel

ls

Mo

no

cyte

s

(Mo

no

nu

clea

r w

hit

e b

lood

cel

ls)

w

hit

e b

loo

d c

ells

)

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

6.

Gra

nu

locy

te P

hagocy

tosi

s

W

hen

bac

teri

a in

vad

e th

e body,

this

info

rmat

ion

is

pas

sed

on

to

the

gra

nulo

cyte

s,

wh

ich

mig

rate

usi

ng

amoeb

oid

m

ovem

ent

to

mo

ve

fro

m

blo

od

ves

sels

to

th

e ti

ssue

wher

e th

e bac

teri

a ar

e. T

his

phen

om

enon i

s ca

lled

mig

rati

on.

The

gra

nulo

cyte

s

atta

ck t

he

bac

teri

a im

med

iate

ly u

pon a

rriv

ing i

n t

he

tiss

ue.

F

irst

they

att

ach t

hem

selv

es t

o t

he

enem

y,

refe

rred

to

as

adhes

ion

, th

en

captu

re

it

by

envel

opin

g

it,

refe

rred

to

as

phagocy

tosi

s.

When

phag

ocy

tosi

s co

mple

tes,

an e

nzy

me

call

ed l

yso

zym

e, w

hic

h h

elps

to d

isso

lve

the

bac

teri

um

, is

rel

ease

d w

ithin

the

gra

nulo

cyte

in a

pro

cess

cal

led d

egra

nula

tion

. T

his

enzy

me

bre

aks

dow

n t

he

bac

teri

um

's c

ell

wal

ls,

and t

he

cell

ruptu

res

wh

en i

t ca

n n

o l

onger

bea

r th

e osm

oti

c pre

ssure

. T

his

seq

uen

ce i

s know

n a

s bact

erio

lysi

s.

7.

Wh

y P

us

is G

ener

ate

d

When

one

is i

nju

red,

pus

gat

her

s ar

ound t

he

wound.

This

pus

is t

he

rem

ains

of

whit

e blo

od c

ells

that

die

d

fighti

ng b

acte

ria.

When

tis

sue

bec

om

es i

nfl

amed

wit

h i

nju

ry,

whit

e blo

od c

ells

wil

l gat

her

aro

und t

hat

are

a. W

hit

e blo

od c

ells

wil

l die

one

afte

r th

e oth

er f

ighti

ng b

acte

ria,

but

they

are

rep

lenis

hed

by t

he

circ

ula

tory

syst

em.

Concu

rren

tly,

bone

mar

row

wil

l pro

duce

and s

end o

ut

more

whit

e blo

od c

ells

than

norm

al.

In t

his

fas

hio

n,

whit

e blo

od c

ells

wit

hin

the

body i

ncr

ease

sudden

ly i

n o

rder

to d

eal

wit

h a

n i

nfl

amm

atio

n w

hen

one

occ

urs

.

Pla

tele

ts

Pla

tele

ts a

re t

hin

cir

cula

r or

elli

pti

cal

cell

s w

ith a

dia

met

er

of

2-3

µm

, w

ith

about

200,0

00-4

00,0

00

pla

tele

ts i

n e

ver

y 1

mm

³ of

blo

od.

As

wit

h r

ed b

lood

cell

s, t

hey

are

mad

e in

the

mar

row

and p

ut

out

into

circ

ula

ting b

lood.

A p

late

let’

s li

fe s

pan

is

bet

wee

n

7-1

0 d

ays.

8.

Fu

nct

ion

of

Pla

tele

ts

A s

mal

l cu

t or

abra

sion w

ill

stop b

leed

ing i

n a

mat

ter

of

min

ute

s if

le

ft

alone.

T

his

is

bec

ause

blo

od

coag

ula

tes

due

to

the

blo

od-c

oag

ula

tion

fact

or

appea

ring

in

the

pla

tele

ts,

pla

sma

and

dam

aged

ti

ssue,

re

sult

ing

in

a cu

rdle

d

mas

s of

blo

od c

alle

d a

clo

t. A

blo

od c

lot

is f

orm

ed b

y t

he

foll

ow

ing s

equen

ce.

Mig

rati

on

A

dh

esio

n

Ph

ag

ocy

tosi

s

Deg

ran

ula

tio

n

Bact

erio

l ysi

s

Blo

od

ves

sel

Bac

teri

a

Gra

nu

locy

te

Gra

nu

locy

te m

oves

to

b

acte

ria-

infe

cted

tis

sue

It a

ttac

hes

its

elf

to t

he

bac

teri

a.

It t

hen

cap

ture

s th

e

bac

teri

a b

y e

nvel

op

ing i

t.

Nu

cleu

s

Gra

nu

les

Bac

teri

a-dis

solv

ing

enzy

me

(lyso

zym

e) r

elea

sed

. B

acte

ria

cell

bro

ken

dow

n

and

dig

este

d a

s n

utr

imen

ts.

Blo

od

Clo

ttin

g

Red

blo

od

cel

ls

Pla

tele

ts

Blo

od

ves

sel W

ou

nd

Coll

agen

wit

hin

vas

cula

r w

alls

exp

ose

d.

Pla

tele

ts a

dh

ere

and

cl

um

p t

oget

her

.

Coag

ula

tion

beg

ins

Fib

rin

is

mad

e.

Com

ple

ted

clo

t

Pla

tele

ts

Pla

sma

Dam

aged

T

issu

e

Coag

ula

tion

Prothrombin

Thrombin

Fibrin

Fibrinogen

Page 31: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

1.

When

inju

red a

nd t

he

blo

od v

esse

ls o

f th

e dam

aged

tis

sue

are

torn

, m

ater

ials

such

as

coll

agen

wit

hin

the

vas

cula

r w

alls

bec

om

e ex

pose

d.

If blo

od to

uch

es th

ese

mat

eria

ls,

pla

tele

ts w

ill

adher

e to

su

ch ar

eas,

clum

pin

g t

oget

her

to c

ause

tis

sue

deg

ener

atio

n a

nd r

elea

sing i

ts c

oag

ula

tion f

acto

r. A

sep

arat

e co

agula

tion

fact

or

appea

rs i

n p

lasm

a an

d t

he

dam

aged

tis

sue.

2.

Thes

e co

agula

tion f

acto

rs w

ork

toget

her

wit

h c

alci

um

ion (

Ca2

+)

to c

han

ge

pro

thro

mbin

in p

lasm

a in

to

thro

mbin

.

3.

Thro

mbin

chan

ges

a p

rote

in c

alle

d f

ibri

nogen

into

fib

re-s

hap

ed f

ibri

n, al

so c

alle

d c

ellu

lose

.

4.

Fib

rin m

akes

red

blo

od c

ells

adher

e to

the

area

, pro

duci

ng a

clo

t.

In a

ddit

ion, m

ater

ials

sep

arat

ed a

nd r

efin

ed u

sing t

hro

mbin

and f

ibri

n a

re u

sed a

s st

ypti

cs t

o s

top b

leed

ing.

An

ima

ls w

ith

no

Red

Blo

od

Cel

ls

Oth

er t

han

ver

tebra

tes,

ther

e ar

e ap

pro

xim

atel

y 1

00 v

arie

ties

of

inver

tebra

te a

nim

als

livin

g i

n t

he

seas

such

as

red c

lam

s an

d s

poonw

orm

s th

at h

ave

red b

lood f

low

ing t

hro

ugh t

hem

lik

e hum

ans.

Thes

e an

imal

s hav

e re

d

blo

od c

ells

just

lik

e hum

ans

do.

How

ever

, an

nel

ids

such

as

the

sandw

orm

and l

eech

, as

wel

l as

mid

ge

larv

ae h

ave

red b

lood w

ith n

o r

ed b

lood

cell

s. I

n s

uch

cre

ature

s, h

aem

oglo

bin

is

dis

solv

ed i

nto

pla

sma

to m

ake

the

blo

od r

ed.

Furt

her

more

, th

e blo

od o

f cr

ust

acea

ns

such

as

pra

wns

and c

rabs,

and m

oll

usc

s li

ke

the

squid

and o

ctopus

is

blu

e, n

ot

red. T

his

is

bec

ause

thei

r blo

od h

as a

pig

men

t ca

lled

hae

mocy

anin

in p

lace

of

hae

moglo

bin

.

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Ap

pen

dix

Str

uct

ure

an

d F

un

ctio

n o

f th

e H

eart

Th

e H

eart

The

hea

rt i

s lo

cate

d i

n t

he

ches

t ca

vit

y b

etw

een t

he

lungs,

sit

uat

ed s

lightl

y t

o t

he

left

of

centr

e. T

he

hea

rt i

s

about

the

size

of

a cl

ose

d f

ist,

wei

ghin

g 2

00-3

00g.

Card

iac

Mu

scle

s: M

usc

les

of

the

Hea

rt

The

wal

ls o

f th

e hea

rt a

re m

ade

of

a sp

ecia

l m

usc

le

tiss

ue

call

ed c

ardia

c m

usc

le f

ibre

. T

he

wal

ls o

f at

rium

s

are

not

par

ticu

larl

y

thic

k,

but

as

the

ven

tric

les

use

gre

at pre

ssure

to

push

blo

od out

to th

e body,

th

eir

wal

ls a

re m

ade

of

thic

k m

usc

le.

The

wal

l of

the

left

ven

tric

le i

n p

arti

cula

r, w

hic

h p

um

ps

blo

od o

ut

to t

he

cell

s of

the

enti

re b

ody,

is

3 t

imes

as

thic

k a

s th

at o

f

the

left

ven

tric

le.

Hea

rt V

alv

es

The

hum

an h

eart

has

the

foll

ow

ing 4

val

ves

.

Atr

ioven

tric

ula

r V

alv

es:

Bet

wee

n A

triu

ms

an

d V

entr

icle

s

Tri

cusp

id v

alve:

thre

e-fl

apped

val

ve

bet

wee

n t

he

right

atri

um

and r

ight

ven

tric

le

Bic

usp

id val

ve:

tw

o-f

lapped

val

ve

bet

wee

n th

e le

ft at

rium

and l

eft

ven

tric

le

Valv

es a

t th

e B

ase

of

Art

erie

s

Aort

ic v

alve

Pulm

onar

y v

alve

Thes

e val

ves

are

cal

led s

emil

unar

valv

es a

s th

ey h

ave

thre

e

hal

f-m

oon s

hap

ed c

usp

s.

Atr

ium

s an

d V

entr

icle

s

The

hum

an hea

rt is

m

ade

up of

two at

rium

s, le

ft an

d

right,

w

hic

h

take

in

blo

od

fr

om

th

e vei

ns,

an

d

two

ven

tric

les

whic

h

send

blo

od

out

to

the

arte

ries

. B

lood

alw

ays

flow

s fr

om

the

atri

um

s to

the

ven

tric

les.

In a

sta

te o

f re

st,

the

amount

of

5l

of

blo

od i

s se

nt

out

by e

ach

of

the

left

and r

ight

ven

tric

les

per

min

ute

for

a to

tal

of

14,4

00 l

itre

s of

blo

od p

er d

ay.

Pu

lmo

nar

y V

alve

Ao

rtic

Val

ve

Bic

usp

id V

alve

Tri

cusp

id V

alve

Ven

a C

ava

Ao

rta

Ven

a C

ava

Rig

ht

Ven

tric

le

Ven

tric

le

Lef

t

Lef

t

Atr

ium

Rig

ht

Atr

ium

Pu

lmo

nar

y

Vei

n

Pu

lmo

nar

y

Art

ery

Pu

lmo

nar

y

Pu

lmo

nar

y

Vei

n

Art

ery

Mak

e-u

p o

f th

e H

um

an

Hea

rt

Fro

m b

od

y

Fro

m b

od

y

To

bod

y

To

lu

ngs

To

lu

ngs

Th

e at

riu

m e

xp

and

s,

an

d b

lood

flo

ws

from

the

vei

ns

into

th

e at

riu

m. T

he

atri

um

con

trac

ts a

s th

e

ven

tric

le e

xp

and

s, a

nd

b

lood

flo

ws

from

th

e

atri

um

to t

he

ven

tric

le.

Th

e ven

tric

le c

on

trac

ts,

and

blo

od

flo

ws

from

th

e

ven

tric

le t

o t

he

arte

ries

.

Page 32: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Hea

rtb

eat

an

d P

uls

e

Hea

rtb

eat

The

hea

rtbea

t ca

n b

e hea

rd b

y p

laci

ng a

ste

thosc

ope

bel

ow

the

left

nip

ple

. T

her

e ar

e tw

o t

ypes

of

hea

rt

sounds,

oft

en d

escr

ibed

as

a lu

b a

nd a

dub.

This

reg

ula

r bea

ting s

ound i

s giv

en o

ff w

hen

the

val

ves

of

the

hea

rt o

pen

and c

lose

. T

he

firs

t hea

rt s

ound i

s th

at o

f th

e at

rioven

tric

ula

r val

ves

clo

sing,

at w

hic

h t

ime

the

pulm

onar

y v

alve

and a

ort

ic v

alve

are

open

, push

ing b

lood o

ut

of

the

hea

rt. T

he

seco

nd h

eart

sound i

s th

at o

f

the

sem

ilunar

val

ves

clo

sing,

in w

hic

h b

lood i

s se

nt

from

the

atri

um

s in

to t

he

contr

acte

d v

entr

icle

s.

Pu

lse

Bec

ause

of

the

hig

h f

lexib

ilit

y o

f ar

teri

es,

the

hea

rt’s

bea

t is

mo

men

tari

ly t

ransm

itte

d

thro

ughout

the

body d

ue

to c

ontr

acti

on o

f

the

ven

tric

les.

This

is

call

ed a

puls

e, a

nd i

s

norm

ally

aro

und 6

5-7

0 b

eats

per

min

ute

.

Hea

rt-M

ain

tain

ing

Co

ron

ary

Art

eri

es

The

musc

ula

r ce

lls

mak

ing u

p t

he

hea

rt

nee

d t

o e

xch

ange

subst

ance

s w

ith b

lood j

ust

like

the

rest

of

the

body i

n o

rder

to s

ust

ain

life

. T

his

does

not

mea

n,

how

ever

, th

at t

he

hea

rt c

an s

imply

use

the

enorm

ous

amounts

of

blo

od f

low

ing t

hro

ugh i

t.

The

blo

od v

esse

ls m

ainta

inin

g t

he

hea

rt

bra

nch

off

im

med

iate

ly a

fter

lea

vin

g t

he

left

ven

tric

le to

dis

trib

ute

blo

od to

th

e hea

rt’s

surf

ace

and a

re c

alle

d c

oro

nar

y a

rter

ies.

Ma

ke-

up

of

Blo

od

Ves

sels

Dif

fere

nce

Bet

wee

n A

rter

ies

an

d V

ein

s

Art

eria

l w

alls

are

mad

e of

3 l

ayer

s. T

he

mid

dle

lay

er,

or

med

ia,

is m

ade

of

smooth

musc

le a

nd i

s ver

y t

hic

k.

The

inner

most

layer

, know

n a

s th

e in

tim

a,

and t

he

med

ia b

oth

hav

e co

nnec

tive

tiss

ue

mad

e of

elas

tic

fibre

s, m

akin

g t

hem

fle

xib

le a

nd a

ble

to

wit

hst

and t

he

hig

h p

ress

ure

of

blo

od w

ith l

ittl

e ch

ange.

Heart Make-up Blood Circulation

Su

per

ior

Ven

a C

ava

Rig

ht

Au

ricl

e

Rig

ht

Coro

nar

y

Art

ery R

ight

Ven

tric

le

Ven

tric

le

Lef

t

Lef

t C

oro

nar

y

Art

ery

Au

ricl

e L

eft

Pu

lmon

ary

Art

ery

Ao

rta

Blood Flow

Val

ve

Art

ery

Vei

n

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Ap

pen

dix

Blo

od

Com

pon

ents

See

n T

hro

ugh

an

Ele

ctro

n M

icro

scop

e

Blo

od

Co

mp

on

ents

Wh

ite

Blo

od

Cel

ls

Red

Blo

od

Cel

ls

Pic

ture

fro

m e

lect

ron

mic

rosc

op

e

(22

00

x m

agnif

icat

ion)

Ele

men

t F

orm

F

un

ctio

n

Red

Blo

od

Cel

ls

Whit

e B

loo

d C

ells

Pla

tele

ts

Pla

sma

Liq

uid

Sm

all

and

amorp

hous

Cir

cula

r S

ha

pe

cha

ng

es

wh

en f

ore

ign

ob

ject

/ b

act

eria

is c

ap

ture

d.

Ell

ipti

cal

wit

h

inden

tati

on i

n

centr

e.

Car

ries

oxygen

. T

he

body

bec

om

es a

nem

ic w

ithout

enough r

ed b

lood c

ells

.

Bre

aks

dow

n f

ore

ign o

bje

cts

and

bac

teri

a.

Har

den

s blo

od w

hen

ble

edin

g

occ

urs

.

Dis

solv

es n

utr

imen

ts a

nd

unnee

ded

subst

ance

s.

Fig

ure

25

H

um

an B

lood

Page 33: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Ap

pen

dix

Cel

ls a

nd

Tis

sue

Flu

ids

of

the

Bod

y

Pla

sma

Red

Blo

od

Cel

l

Car

bo

n D

ioxid

e

Ox

ygen

Nu

trim

ents

Un

nee

ded

Su

bst

ance

s

Cel

ls o

f th

e b

od

y

Cap

illa

ry

Tis

sue

Flu

id

Pla

sma

oo

zes

ou

t fr

om

the

cap

illa

ries

an

d

bec

om

es t

issu

e fl

uid

.

Pat

tern

Dia

gra

m:

Cel

ls a

nd

tis

sue

flu

ids

of

the

bo

dy

Fig

: 26

HU

MA

N B

OD

Y7

th g

rad

e

Ap

pen

dix

Str

uct

ure

of

the

Hu

man

Hea

rt

Fro

m H

and

s /

Hea

d

To

Bo

dy

To

Lef

t L

un

g

Fro

m L

eft

Lu

ng

To

Ab

do

men

/

Lo

wer

Bo

dy

Fro

m A

bd

om

en /

L

ow

er B

od

y

To

Rig

ht

Lu

ng

Fro

m R

igh

t L

un

g

Th

e H

um

an H

eart

F

ig.

27

Add

itio

nal

Lea

rnin

g

Hea

rt

Ma

ke-u

p a

nd

Fu

ncti

on

s –

Pa

ttern

Dia

gra

m

Th

e h

eart

is

bro

ken

in

to f

ou

r ch

amb

ers.

To

Bo

dy

To

Lu

ngs

Fro

m L

eft

Lu

ng

Fro

m R

igh

t L

un

g

Fro

m H

and

s /

Hea

d

Left

Atr

ium

Val

ves

R

ight A

triu

m

Rig

ht

Ven

tric

le

Left

Ven

tric

le

Fro

m A

bd

om

en /

Lo

wer

Bo

dy

Th

e at

riu

m e

xp

and

s

and

blo

od

flo

ws

in.

Blo

od

Flo

w

Blo

od

flo

ws

into

th

e

ven

tric

le a

s th

e

atri

um

co

ntr

acts

an

d

the

ven

tric

le e

xp

and

s.

Th

e ven

tric

le

exp

and

s an

d b

lood

flo

ws

ou

t.

Page 34: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height
Page 35: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height
Page 36: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height
Page 37: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height
Page 38: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height
Page 39: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height
Page 40: (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) · Grade: HUMAN BODY (Reproductive System and Body Changes in Adolescence) Rational of this unit At this age, children's height