Presentation -Telescopes - The Square Kilometre Array - Phil Crosby

8/7/2019 Presentation -Telescopes - The Square Kilometre Array - Phil Crosby

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The Square Kilometre Array -

Challenges, Opportunities, and Industry

Involvement

Phil Crosby

SKA Program Development Office


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Observing the Universe


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Many Science Questions Remain

How were the first stars and galaxies formed?

What is the large scale structure of the universe?

Dark Energy DarkMatter

What is the origin and evolution of cosmicmagnetic fields?

Was Einstein right? Can we detect gravitational

waves?

Planet formation and the Cradle of Life

Will we find ET?

EXPLORATION OF THE UNKNOWN


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The Challenges of Radio Astronomy

The signals are extremely weak.

We need huge antennas to capture them

They need to be in special places

Astronomers compete with noise

From radio, TV, phones, machines, etc

From the equipment itself, amplifiers etc

Signals are buried in the noise

Need smart techniques to resolve This means huge computing power

Large amounts of data to handle

Pushing boundaries in capacity, speed and

storage


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SKAMovie 3 minutes


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The SKA will be the largest scientific instrumenton the planet

A next generation global radio astronomy facility

To be built in eitherSouthern Africa, orAustralia

Will operate between around 70 MHz to 25 GHz

50 times the sensitivity and 8000 times the survey speed of currentinstruments

a collecting area of around 1 million square meters over a vast

unpopulated area

a combination of3000-5000 dishes and wide FoV antennas

will employ beam forming technology on a scale not previously

explored

Needs data transport system and computing power beyond that

available today

Will address fundamental questions about the universe


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FundingAgencies

NASA

NSF

United States of America

CIT / JPL

Cornell U / NAIC

Harvard U / Smithsonian CentreforAstrophysics

MIT / Haystack Observatory

NRAO

Naval Research Lab

SETI

U Cal Berkley

U Illinois

U New Mexico

UWinsconsin

Virginia Tech

UnitedKingdom

UManchester (JBO)

Oxford U

Cambridge U

UGlasgow

Leeds U

Cardiff U

FundingAgencies

EuropeanUnion

NationalGovernments viaResearchCouncils

RadioNet

Sweden

OnsalaSpaceObservatory

Chalmers U ofTech

Italy

NationalInstitute

forAstroph

ysics

France

ParisObservatory

UdOrleans

CentreNationalde laRechercheScientifique

OMMIC

Netherlands

Astron

JIVE

KapteynAstroInst

Leiden U

UGronegan

Portugal

IST-Centra

Spain

FundacionAlcala Nat.AstronomyObservatory

UValencia

Poland

TorunCentreforAstronomy

Germany

Max-PlanckInstituteforRadioAstronomy

Russia

PushchinoAstroSpaceCentre

Australia

CSIRO-ATNF

ICRAR

SwinburneU

U NSW

UMelbourne

U Sydney

UAdelaide

U Tasmania

UWAFundingAgencies

ARC

DIISR

CSIRO

WA Gov

NewZealand

Auckland Uof Tech

Canada

NRC

Laval U

McGill U

Queens U

U Calgary

UMontreal

U Toronto

York U

ACURACASCAFundingAgencies

NRC

NSERC

SouthAfrica

NRF

UKwaZulu-Natal

FundingAgencies

DeptScience &Tech

DeptTrade& Industry

NRF

The SKA Global Network

Over 90 Organisations8 SKA Consortia

SKA Program DevelopmentOffice

Based at University ofManchester, UK

Group of domainspecialists

Mission to deliver acosted design by 2012

IndianConsortium

Raman ResearchInstitute

TATAInst forRadioAstronomy

Nat. Centre forRadioAstronomy

FundingAgencies

Dept of AtomicEnergy

Dept of Science &Tech

China

NAO, ChineseAcademy ofSciences

FundingAgencies

Chinese Academy ofSciences

MoST

DeptScience & Tech

Tsinghua U

Korea

Korean VLBINetwork

Japan

Kagoshima U

NAOJ


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Pb/s0.1 1 Tb/s

Gb/s


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Station

Central

Processing

Facility

Comms links

Max.

Distance for

Dense AAs

Dishes spread

along spiral

Possible Site Schematic

Max. Distance

for Central

Power Distn

DenseAA

SparseAA

Dishes


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Concise Picture ofTechnologyOptions

Numbers of dishes (2000-3000) depends on whether Phased Array Feedsand/or Aperture Arrays are used in the SKA.

Each technology is characterized by a frequency range and field of view.


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Aperture Array Technology

Production Thinking

Courtesy ASTRON, OPAR

Electronic

Sensor

ASTRON Prototype The Netherlands


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PhasedArrayFeed Prototype

One of three

prototypesunder

development.


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Multi-pixel phased array feeds

from Dave Deboer


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Dishes+Single Pixel Feeds

Prototype 15 m

composite dish

USAAllen

Telescope

Array 42x6m

hydroformed

dishes

South Africa

Canadaprototype 10

m composite

dish


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rms error: 0.25 mm

Final MouldAlignment

Composite DishManufacturing(Canada)

Removingfrom Mould Mounted on Drive

rms error: 0.25 mm


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Metal DishManufacturing

12m antenna stretch-formed panels

Patriot Systems

NovelSheet MetalStructure


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Wide field-of-view

Allen Telescope Array

Parkes

Base model SKA


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Correlators Ultimately Built in Industry


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Electricalpower not solved yet

30-50MW (or more!) required for full SKA

Solar potential is high on both sites

24/7 coverage is needed (but short breaks OK)

Requires storage or alternative night-time power source Cost likely to be an issue if not subsidized

Its a tough environment temp, dust, remote

Role for small scale (~ 1MW) systems

Good project for demonstration of solar technology


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The Pre-Cursor Projects


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South Africa + 7 countries


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Australia


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SpectrumMeasurements: 80MHz 1.6 GHz

City

Pop. 4 million

Town

Pop. 6,000

Possible

Site

100MHz 200MHz


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Industry Opportunities

From P. Hall

SummaryofOpportunities in the SKASignal Path


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The SKA will be the largest scientific collaboration on the planet

To meet the SKA timelines, a very high level ofindustry involvement

will be needed, especially R & D, and economical mass production and

deployment.

Broad areas are

Siteworks & infrastructure

SKA Project Support, Tools, Operations &

M

aintenance

High volume production & deployment

Low-medium volume production & deployment


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What kinds of firms should consider participating in the SKA?

Information & Communication Technology (ICT) - hardware, software, digital fibre systems, datamanagement, high-speed / high-volume data processing, control systems, modelling and simulation

systems, networked enabled system deployment & management, integrated circuit design,

fabrication, and test, telecoms systems.

Engineering Construction &Maintenance (ECM) building construction, electrical and

mechanical services, R & D services, environmental services, fibre optic, power, civil engineering,land access consultants, remote infrastructure operations and maintenance, site management &

planning, surveying services.

Advanced Aerospace & Radar Technology and Equipment antenna design and manufacture, image

processing, radio astronomy, receiver feed systems, wideband phased arrays, RF devices, RFI

mitigation.

Advanced Materials andManufacturing - advanced materials, composites, sheet metal fabrication.

Systems Integration &Maintenance project design, execution, interface management, risk

management, scheduling, operations and maintenance of complex distributed systems.

Transport, Training, and Other Goods & Services regional support, recruitment and training,

transport and logistics, community consultation and studies, regulatory monitoring.

I f r tii -s2ICT / lec3ICT ata4ICT istriICT softw6ICT softw7ICT ata8I te rate9TelecomE i eeriildi c2Electrical3E i eeri4E iro m15i re o ti16I frastruc17La d acc18Remote i19ite ma a2Surve i21dva ced22A tenna d23Ima e r24Radio ast25Receiver26RF devic27RFI miti28Com ute29Hi erf3Hi -s e31etworkin32Advanced33Advanced34Advanced34En ineeri36S stems I37Inte rate38Sc edulin39S stems i39Trans ort4Ot er o42Re ional43Trans ort44


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Intellectual Property

SKA has developed a Statement of Intent on IP. Signed by organizations participating in the SKA.

Establishes ground rules on protection, licensing, and donation of foreground and

background IP for the SKA project.

An IP strategy will be developed, with registered ownership Negotiations in the spirit of scientific cooperation.

Signed by legal entities, when that becomes possible.

SKA must have access to IP developed in the national &

regional projects: Some of this will be generated in industry.

Where possible, IP licensed early for the SKA, so that it can be used in open

bidding, rather than giving advantage to a particular supplier.


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To Summarise The SKA is an iconproject a BIG leap.

Answers to key sciencequestions

Challenges yet to besolved

Global collaborationinstitutes & industry

Potential for industry

participation, and spin-off products/IPopportunities. Thank You

Phil Crosby

SKA Program Development Office

Presentation -Telescopes - The Square Kilometre Array - Phil Crosby

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Presentation -Telescopes - The Square Kilometre Array - Phil Crosby