Pollution contributed by oldermotorcycles in SingaporeA motorcycle registered before 1 July 2003 emits 10 times more Carbon Monoxide (CO) compared to a new motorcycle.
A motorcycle registered before 1 July 2003 emits 30 times more Hydrocarbons (HC) compared to a new motorcycle.
Health effects of air pollution:
A motorcycle registered before 1 July 2003 emits 12 times more Carbon Monoxide (CO) compared to a Euro VI car.
While motorcycles form 15% of our local vehicle population, they contribute to 53% of CO emissions from vehicles.
While motorcycles registered before 1 July 2003 form around 20% of the motorcycle fleet, they contribute to 40% of CO emissions from motorcycles.
A motorcycle registered before 1 July 2003 emits 50 times more Hydrocarbons (HC) compared to a Euro VI car.
HCHC HC
HCCO
COCO
CO
COCOCO
COHC
HCHC
HC
Contribution of CO by vehicle population
Other vehicle population
Motorcycles
85% 47%
15% 53%Contribution
of COVehicle
population
Perc
enta
ge
0
20
40
60
80
100
Motorcycles < 15 years old
Motorcycles ≥ 15 years old
Contribution of CO by motorcycle population
79% 60%
21% 40%
Contribution of CO
Motorcycle population
Perc
enta
ge
0
20
40
60
80
100
• The World Health Organization (WHO) deems air pollution to be the single largest environment health risk.1
• Motorcycle emissions contain CO and HC. They react with other chemicals to form Ozone.• CO and Ozone are known to impair respiratory functions. At high concentrations, CO is toxic.
1 www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/air-pollution/en/
COHC
COHC
