OBJECTIVES:
1. Explain how advances in learning and technology influenced fifteenth and sixteenth century European exploration and trade.
2. Analyze the effects of the Columbian exchange (the interchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World) on the population and economy of Europe in the period 1550 to 1700.
II. Development of Colonial Empires
B. Spain
Fernando CortezFernando CortezFernando CortezFernando Cortez
Montezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma II
II. Development of Colonial Empires
C. Cycle of Conquest
Explorers Conquistadores
Mission
arie
s
PermanentSettlers
OfficialEuropeanColony!
II. Development of Colonial Empires
D. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade
1. Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans.
2. Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans.
Sugar cane & sugar plantations.
First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518.
275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries.
3. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.
II. Development of Colonial Empires
D. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade
Sharks followed the slave Sharks followed the slave ships!ships!
II. Development of Colonial Empires
D. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade
Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
II. Development of Colonial Empires
E. Colonial Class SystemPeninsularPeninsulareses
CreolesCreoles
MestizoMestizoss
MulattMulattosos
Native IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack Slaves
II. MEETING OF TWO WORLDS: EFFECTS
A. Columbian Exchange Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
II. MEETING OF TWO WORLDS: EFFECTS
B. Commercial Revolution• 1. Rising Population
• 2. Rising Inflation
• 3. Price Revolution– a. Why?– b. “cash crops” = gentry
• 4. Banking & Capitalism = Dutch
• 5. Putting Out System = Textiles
II. MEETING OF TWO WORLDS: EFFECTS
B. Commercial Revolution• 6. Joint Stock Co. = Dutch &
British East India Co.• 7. Mercantilism
– Wealth =measured in terms of commodities—especially gold and silver-exports & colonies
– Colonies Exist for Benefit of Mother Country—not for mutual benefit
– Government Intervention —provide incentives & balance of trade
– Econ. Activities increase power of natl. govt.
C. Results• 1. Disease kills perhaps 25
mil. (80%) of Indians in America
• 2. Europeans began transporting slaves from Africa to Americas
• 3. Colonial rivalries• 4. Commercial Revolution,
Price Revolution, & Columbian Exchange