OBJECTIVES: 1.Explain how advances in learning and technology influenced fifteenth and sixteenth century European exploration and trade. 2.Analyze the.

OBJECTIVES:

1. Explain how advances in learning and technology influenced fifteenth and sixteenth century European exploration and trade.

2. Analyze the effects of the Columbian exchange (the interchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World) on the population and economy of Europe in the period 1550 to 1700.

I. Opening of the Atlantic A. Causes : Motives

I. Opening of the Atlantic A. Causes: Means

II. Development of Colonial Empires

A. Portugal

II. Development of Colonial Empires

B. Spain

II. Development of Colonial Empires

B. Spain

II. Development of Colonial Empires

B. Spain

Fernando CortezFernando CortezFernando CortezFernando Cortez

Montezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma II

II. Development of Colonial Empires

B. Spain

Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro

AtahualpaAtahualpa

II. Development of Colonial Empires

B. Spain

II. Development of Colonial Empires

C. Cycle of Conquest

Explorers Conquistadores

Mission

arie

s

PermanentSettlers

OfficialEuropeanColony!

II. Development of Colonial Empires

D. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade

1. Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans.

2. Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans.

Sugar cane & sugar plantations.

First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518.

275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries.

3. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

II. Development of Colonial Empires

D. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade

II. Development of Colonial Empires

D. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade

Sharks followed the slave Sharks followed the slave ships!ships!

II. Development of Colonial Empires

D. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade

Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

II. Development of Colonial Empires

E. Colonial Class SystemPeninsularPeninsulareses

CreolesCreoles

MestizoMestizoss

MulattMulattosos

Native IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack Slaves

II. Development of Colonial Empires

D. Control of Colonial Empires• 1. Encomienda

• 2. Viceroy

II. Development of Colonial Empires

D. Control of Colonial Empires• 3. Bartolome de Las Casas

II. MEETING OF TWO WORLDS: EFFECTS

A. Columbian Exchange Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes

Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine

Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO

Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE

Syphilis

Trinkets

Liquor

GUNS

Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice

Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley

Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats

Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE

Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox

Flu Typhus Measles Malaria

Diptheria Whooping Cough

II. MEETING OF TWO WORLDS: EFFECTS

B. Commercial Revolution• 1. Rising Population

• 2. Rising Inflation

• 3. Price Revolution– a. Why?– b. “cash crops” = gentry

• 4. Banking & Capitalism = Dutch

• 5. Putting Out System = Textiles

II. MEETING OF TWO WORLDS: EFFECTS

B. Commercial Revolution• 6. Joint Stock Co. = Dutch &

British East India Co.• 7. Mercantilism

– Wealth =measured in terms of commodities—especially gold and silver-exports & colonies

– Colonies Exist for Benefit of Mother Country—not for mutual benefit

– Government Intervention —provide incentives & balance of trade

– Econ. Activities increase power of natl. govt.

C. Results• 1. Disease kills perhaps 25

mil. (80%) of Indians in America

• 2. Europeans began transporting slaves from Africa to Americas

• 3. Colonial rivalries• 4. Commercial Revolution,

Price Revolution, & Columbian Exchange