M.Sc. PHYSICS
2019-20 Curriculum
A. Program Articulation Matrix (Mapping of Courses with POs)
S.No Course Code Course Name Category L T P/S Cr
PO PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3
1 19PH5101 Mathematical Physics
Physical Sciences
4 0 0 4 2 3
2
2 19PH5102 Classical Mechanics 4 0 0 4 2 3
2
3 19PH5103 Electrodynamics 4 0 0 4
2 3
3
4 19PH5104 Analog Electronics 4 0 0 4
3
3
2
3
5 19PH5105 Computational Physics 4 0 0 4 3
2
6 19PH5106 Analog Electronics Lab 0 0 6 3
3
3
7 19PH5107 Computational Physics
Lab 0 0 4 2
3
3
8 19PH5201 Statistical Mechanics 4 0 0 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
9 19PH5202 Quantum Mechanics - 1 4 0 0 4 2 3
2
10 19PH5203 Fiber Optics and Non-
linear Optics 4 0 0 4
2 3
3
11 19PH5204 Solid State Physics-1 4 0 0 4
2 3
2 3
12 19PH5205 Digital Electronics
4 0 0 4 2 3
3
2 3
2
13 19PH5206 Solid State Physics-1
Lab 0 0 6 3
2
3
14 19PH5207 Digital Electronics Lab 0 0 4 2
3
3
2
15 19PH5301 Quantum Mechanics-2 4 0 0 4
2
2 3
16 19PH5302 Atomic and Molecular
Spectroscopy 4 0 0 4 2 2
3
2 2
17 19PH5303 Nuclear Physics 2 0 0 2 2 3 4
2 3
18 19PH5304 Particle Physics 2 0 0 2 2 3 4
2 3
19 19PH5305 Solid State Physics -2 4 0 0 4 2 3 2
20 19PH5306 Lasers and Photonics 4 0 0 4 2 3 3
21 19PH5308 Solid State Physics-2
Lab 0 0 6 3 3 3 2
22 19PH54E1 Experimental
Techniques
Professiona
l Electives
3 0 0 3
2 3
3
23 19PH54E2 Basic Communication
Theory 3 0 0 3
2 3
3
24 19PH54E3 Physics of
Nanomaterials 3 0 0 3
2 3
2
25 19PH54E4 Radar Systems and
Satellite communication 3 0 0 3 2 3
2
26 19PH54E5 Thin-film Technology 3 0 0 3
2 3
2
27 19PH54E6 Antenna theory and
Radio wave Propagation 3 0 0 3
2 3
2
3
28 19PH5108 Seminar-1 Skilling courses
0 0 2 1 2
2
29 19PH5208 Seminar-2 0 0 2 1 2
2
30 19PH5307 Term paper
Project
0 0 4 2 2
2
31 19PH5401 Dissertation 0 0 16 8 2
3
3
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
5
19PH5101 – MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
Course code : 19PH5101
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4
Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Differential equations and special functions will help them to study states of the physical systems
1,2,3 3
CO2 Variable and separable methods are used to solve problems in
Quantum mechanics
1,2,3 3
CO3 Understanding the finite groups will help them to apply in crystallography
1,2,3 3
CO4 Linear Vector Space is applied to understand systems behavior in different coordinate systems.
1,2,3 3
States of the physical systems, Applying to quantum mechanics, Group theory will be used in
crystallography and Various coordinates systems.
Syllabus:
Differential Equations:
Differential operators, common partial differential equations of physics; techniques for solving
partial differential equations; general solution; homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations;
Poisson's equations; spherical and cylindrical coordinates; plane and spherical waves; Laplacian
in terms of angular momentum operator; second order linear ordinary differential equations;
Greens' functions in one dimension; boundary conditions; Fuch's theorem, Legendre, associated
Laguere, Hermite, Bessel, and spherical Bessel equations; Hankel functions, gamma function;
spherical harmonics; Schrodinger equation for H atom.
Variable and Separable:
Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, integration in the Complex plane, Cauichy’s
theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula. Liouville’s theorem. Moretra’s theorem. Proof of Taylor
and Laurent expansions.Residue theorem. Integrals involving branch point singularity.
Group theory:
Groups, subgroups, Abelian groups, non-Abelian groups, cyclic groups, permutation groups,
normal subgroups, Lagrange's Theorem for finite groups, group homomorphism’s and basic
concepts of quotient groups.
Linear vector spaces:
Scalar and vector fields, gradient, divergence, curl, line integrals, surface integrals, Green,
Stokes and Gauss theorems. Linear operators. Matrix representation. The algebra of matrices.
6
Special matrices. Rank of a matrix. Elementary transformations. Elementary matrices.
Equivalent matrices. Solution of linear equations. Linear transformations. Eigenvalues and
eigenvectors of matrices. The Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Diagonalisation of matrices. Principal
axis transformation. Functions of matrices.
References Text book
1. Arfken, George "Mathematical Methods for Physicists" Second Edition, Academic Press,
New York, 1970. This is a good book for review and reference. Vector analysis, coordinate
systems, tensor analysis, determinants, matrices, infinite series, Green's functions.
2. Courant, R. and Hilbert, D. "Methods of Mathematical Physics", Vol. I. Interscience
Publishers, Inc. N.Y., 1937. Has good treatment of n-dimensional vectors, orthogonal
systems, norms, unitary transformations and eigenvalue problems.
3. G. Arfken (Academic Press) – Mathematical Methods for Physicists.
4. J. Mathews and R. I. Walker (Benjamin) – Mathematical Methods of Physics.
5. P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki (Harper and Row) – Mathematics for Physicists.
6. W. Joshi (Wiley Esstern) – Matrices and Tensors
7. M. R. Spiegel (Schaum’s outline series) – Theory and Problems of Complex Variables.
8. G. Arfken (Academic Press) – Mathematical Methods for Physicists.
9. J. Mathews and R. I. Walker (Benjamin) – Mathematical Methods of Physics.
10. P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki (Harper and Row) – Mathematics for Physicists.
7
19PH5102 – CLASSICAL MECHANICS
Course code : 19PH5102
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4
Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Explain the applications of Newtonian mechanics and the formulation of Lagrange’s equations of motion from D’Alembert principle.
2 3
CO2 Reduction of problem of two body problem to One body problem and Classification of orbits
2 3
CO3 Explain the applications of Hamilton’s equations, Canonical transformations Illustrate the Poisson brackets, Invariance of Poisson bracket under canonical transformations–Principle of least action
2,3 3
CO4 Illustrate the Hamilton Jacobi equations and characteristic functions, Action and angle variable, small oscillations, applications
1,2,3,4,5,6
3
Mechanics of Particles and Lagrangian Dynamics, Central Force Problem and Rigid Body
Motion, Hamiltonian Formulation, Hamilton Jacobi Theory and Oscillatory Motion.
Syllabus:
Mechanics of Particles and Lagrangian Dynamics:
Newton’s laws of motion - Mechanics of a particle - Equation of motion of a particle - Motion of
a particle under constant force and alternating force - Mechanics of systems of particles- Angular
momentum of the system - Potential and kinetic energies of the system - constraints and
generalizedcoordinates- Lagrange’s equations of motion and Application - Variational calculus
and Least Action principle.
Central Force Problem and Rigid Body Motion:
Motion in a central force field - Motion of two particles equivalent to single particle - Equation
of motion - Classification of orbits -Virial theorem-Kepler problem scatteringin a central force
field- Inelastic scattering in the laboratory frame - Motion of a rigid body - Orthogonal
transformations - Euler angles- Coriolis effect - Angular momentum and kinetic energy – Rigid
body dynamics and Moment of Inertia tensor - Euler’s equation of motion – Torque Free Motion.
Hamiltonian Formulation:
Legendre transformations - Hamilton’s equations of motion - Applications - cyclic
coordinatesand conservation theoremse - Principle of least action - Canonical transformations –
Poisson brackets – Properties of Poisson brackets – Constant of motion using Poisson brackets –
Poisson brackets of canonical variables – Poisson’s Theorem – Invariance of Poisson bracket
under canonical transformation – Motion as successive canonical transformation (Infinitesimal
generators) – Liouville’s theorem
8
Hamilton Jacobi Theory and Oscillatory Motion:
Hamilton Jacobi equations for Hamilton’s principal and characteristicfunctions – Harmonic
oscillator problem – Separation of variables method – Action and angle variable– Linear
harmonic oscillator application- Oscillatory Motion - Stable and unstable equilibrium – Theory
of small oscillations –Eigenvalue problem - frequencies of free vibrations and normal modes –
Lorenz transformation relativistic kinematics – Linear triatomicmolecule - Two carts connected
with three springs – Triple pendulum - Double pendulum.
Text Books:
1. H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, 2nd Edition, Narosa, (1985).
2. Classical Mechanics by Gupta, S.L. Kumar and Sharma
Ref. Books:
1. L. Landau and E. Lifshitz, Mechanics, Oxford (1981).
2. F. Scheck, Mechanics, Springer (1994).
9
19PH5103 - ELECTRODYNAMICS
Course code : 19PH5103
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4
Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PS
O
BTL
CO1
Explain about Laplace and Poisson’s equations, Static fields in material media, Polarization vector, macroscopic equations, classification of dielectric media, Molecular polarizability and
electrical susceptibility, Clausius-Mossetti relation, Models of Molecular polarizability, energy of charges in dielectric media
PO1,PO
2,PO3 3
CO2
Discuss about The differential equations of magneto statics, vector potential, magnetic fields of a localized current distribution,
Singularity in dipole field, Fermi-contact term, Force and torque on a localized current distribution.
PO2,PO
3 3
CO3
Explain about Formal solution of electrostatic boundary value problem with Green function, Method of images with examples,
Magneto static boundary value problems. Wave guide and its types, Introduction of TE, TM modes and their boundary values
PO2,PO
3 3
CO4
Discuss about Faraday’s law of induction, displacement current, Maxwell equations, scalar and vector potential, Gauge transformation, Lorentz and Coulomb gauges, conservation of
energy, Poynting Theorem, Conservation of momentum.
PO1,PO2,PO3
3
Introduction about Electromagnetic theory, Strong knowledge in polarization, Student interaction
in theory and lab, Active learning methods, quiz and Tests.
Syllabus:
Electrostatics:
Laplace and Poisson’s equations, Electrostatic potential and energy density of the
electromagnetic field, Multipole expansion of the scalar potential of a charge distribution, dipole
moment, quadrupole moment, Multipole expansion of the energy of a charge distribution in an
external field, Static fields in material media, Polarization vector, macroscopic equations,
classification of dielectric media, Molecular polarizability and electrical susceptibility, Clausius-
Mossetti relation, Models of Molecular polarizability, energy of charges in dielectric media
(Maxwell stress tensor).
Magnetostatics:
10
The differential equations of magnetostatics, vector potential, magnetic fields of a localized
current distribution, Singularity in dipole field, Fermi-contact term, Force and torque on a
localized current distribution. (Magnetic stress tensor)
Boundary value problems:
Uniqueness theorem, Dirichlet and Neumann Boundary conditions, Earnshaw theorem, Green’s
(reciprocity) theorem, Formal solution of electrostatic boundary value problem with Green
function, Method of images with examples, Magnetostatic boundary value problems. Wave
guide and its types, Introduction of TE, TM modes and their boundary values
Time varying fields and Maxwell equations:
Faraday’s law of induction, displacement current, Maxwell equations, scalar and vector
potential, Gauge transformation, Lorentz and Coulomb gauges, Hertz potential, General
expression for the electromagnetic fields energy, conservation of energy, Poynting Theorem,
Conservation of momentum.
Text Books:
1. Classical Electrodynamics: S.P. Puri (Narosa Publishing House) 2011.
2. Classical Electrodynamics: J.D. Jackson, (New Age, New Delhi) 2009.
3. Introduction to Electrodynamics: D.J. Griffiths (Prentice Hall India, New Delhi) 4th ed., 2011.
Reference Books:
1. Classical Electromagnetic Radiation: J.B. Marion and M.A. Heald(Saunders College
Publishing House) 2nd edition, 1995.
2. Electromagnetic Fields, Ronald K. Wangsness (John Wiley and Sons) 1nd edition,1986.
3. Electromagnetic Field Theory Fundamentals: Bhag Singh Guru and H.R. Hiziroglu
11
19PH5104 – ANALOG ELECTRONICS
Course code : 19PH5104
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4
Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PS
O
BTL
CO1 Understand the working of Different Semiconductor devices (Construction, Working Principles and V-I characteristics) and their applications.
1,2 3
CO2 Understand the working of Different Semiconductor devices as amplifiers and oscillators.
2 3
CO3 Understand the basic operational amplifier characteristics, OPAMP parameters ,applications as inverter, integrator, differentiator etc
2,3,4 3
CO4 Understand the basic applications of operational amplifier as inverter,
integrator, differentiator etc 2,3,4,5 3
Electrostatics, Magnetostatics, Boundary value problems, Time varying fields and Maxwell
equations
Syllabus:
Circuit Theorems and Special Diodes:
Kirchoff’s laws for current and voltage – Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems and superposition
theorems with examples – p-n junction diodes – Zener diode – tunnel diode – Schottky barrier
diode – varactor diode-photodiode – solar cell – photodiodes and transistors – light emitting
diode – semiconductor laser – UJT – opto-couplers.
Bipolar Transistor Amplifiers and FETs:
Biasing characteristics of junction transistors – analysis using re model- fixed bias-voltage
divider bias-emitter bias – direct coupled transistor amplifiers – single stage transistor amplifier – frequency response – feed back in amplifiers – effect of negative feedback in amplifiers –
FETs – different types-low and high frequency FETs, frequency response of FET – applications Oscillators:
Low frequency and high frequency amplifiers – power amplifiers – oscillator principle –
oscillator types – frequency stability response – phase shift oscillator – Wein bridge oscillator – LC tunable oscillators – multivibrators – monostable and astable – sine wave and triangle wave
generation – clamping and clipping – crystal oscillators and their applications. Operational Amplifiers:
Block diagram of a typical Op-Amp-DC and AC analysis of dual input and balanced output
differential amplifier. Open loop configuration inverting and noninverting amplifiers. Op-amp
12
with negative feedback- voltage series feedback – effect of feedback on closed loop gain input
resistance, output resistance, bandwidth and output offset voltage- voltage follower.
Practical Op-amps:
Input offset voltage, input bias current, input offset current, total output offset voltage, CMRR
frequency response. Summing amplifier, scaling and averaging amplifiers, integrator and
differentiator, instrumentation amplifier. Oscillators principles ,oscillator types , frequency
stability, response , The phase shift oscillator, Wein bridge oscillator, Multivibrators-
Monostable and astable, comparators – square wave and triangular wave generators.
Text Books:
1. R.L. Boylsted and L.Nashelsky, Electronic Device and Circuits, Pearson Education (2003).
2. J.Milman and C.C. Halkias, Electronic Devices and Circuits, McGraw-Hill (1981).
3. A.P. Malvino, Electronics:Principles and Applications, Tata McGraw-Hill (1991). 4. Op-Amps & Linear integrated circuits, RAMAKANTH A.GAYAKWAD (PHI), 2002, 4th
Edition.
13
19PH5105 – COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
Course code : 19PH5105
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4
Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PS
O
BTL
CO1 Analyze the C characters, operators, analytic expression, arrays,
functions and simple programs, Python interpreter and interactive mode.
PO2, PO 3
3
CO2 Describe and apply the basics of MATLAB to solve linear systems and interpolation
PO 3 3
CO3 Apply MATLAB to solve linear equation, non- linear equation and
simultaneous equations PO 3 3
CO4 Describe and Apply C language and MATLAB to solve interpolations, numerical differentiation and integration
PO 3 3
Programming language usage, Application Skills, problem solving skills, programming skills,
logical skills, coding, etc.
Syllabus:
Fundamentals of C Language : C character set-Identifiers and Keywords-Constants-Variables-
Data types-Declarations of variables –Declaration of storage class-Defining symbolic constants –
Assignment statement. Operators - Increment and decrement operators –Conditional operators.
Arithmetic expressions – Precedence of arithmetic operators –data input and output – The get
char and put char functions-Scanf - Printf-simple programs. If-Else statements –Switch
statement-The operator –GO TO –While, Do-While, FOR statements. Python : Python
interpreter and interactive mode; values and types: int, float, Boolean, string, and list;variables,
expressions, statements, tuple assignment, precedence of operators, comments; modules and
functions, function definition and use, flow of execution, parameters and arguments.Illustrative
programs: exchange the values of two variables, circulate the values of n variables, distance
between two points.Conditionals: Boolean values and operators, conditional (if), alternative (if-
else), chained conditional (if-elif-else).
MATLAB and Applications C character Basics of Mat lab- Mat lab windows – On- line help-
Input-Output-File types-Platform Dependence-Creating and working with Arrays of Numbers –
Creating, saving, plots printing Matrices and Vectors – Input – Indexing – matrix Manipulation-
Creating Vectors Matrix and Array Operations Arithmetic operations-Relational operations –
Logical Operations – Elementary math functions, Matrix functions – Character Strings
Applications- Linear Algebra,-solving a linear system, Gaussian elimination, Finding Eigen
14
values and eigenvectors, Matrix factorizations Curve Fitting and Interpolation – Polynomial
curve fitting on the fly, Least squares curve fitting, General nonlinear fits, Interpolations.
Linear and Non –linear equations, Simultaneous equations : Solution of Algebra and
transcendental equations-Bisection, Falsi position and Newton- Rhapson methods-Basic
principles-Formulae-algorithms. Solutions of simultaneous linear equations-Guass elimination
and Gauss Seidel iterative methods-Basic principles- Formulae-Algorithms.
Interpolations, Numerical differentiation and integration: Concept of linear interpolation-
Finite differences-Newton’s and Lagrange’s interpolation formulae-principles and Algorithms
Numerical differentiation-algorithm for evaluation of first order derivatives using formulae based
on Taylor’s series-Numerical integration-Trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3 rule-Formulae-
Algorithms
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Programming in ANSI C by E.Balagurusamy, Tata McGraw Hill
2. Numerical Methods, E. Balaguruswamy, Tata McGraw Hill
3. Computer oriented numerical methods-Rajaraman.
4. Y.Kirani Singh and B.B.Chaudhuri, MATLAB Programming, Prentice-Hall India, 2007
5. Guido van Rossum and Fred L. Drake Jr, “An Introduction to Python – Revised and updated
for Python 3.2, Network Theory Ltd., 2011.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Rudra Pratap, Getting Started with Matlab 7, Oxford, Indian University Edition, 2006 2. Stormy Attaway: A Practical introduction to programming and problem solving, Elsevier,
2012.
3. Charles Dierbach, “Introduction to Computer Science using Python: A Computational
Problem-Solving Focus, Wiley India Edition, 2013.
15
19PH5106 – ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB
Course code : 19PH5106
L-T-P-S : 0-0-6-0
Credits : 3
Contact Hours : 6
Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PS
O
BTL
CO1 To understand the characteristics and applications of various semiconductor devices.
PO3, PO6
3
CO2 To understand the characteristics of different filters and their applications
PO3, PO6
3
CO3 To understand the characteristics of Operational Amplifier. PO3, PO6
3
CO4 To understand the applications of Operational amplifiers. PO3, PO6
3
Experiments of semiconductor devices, Oscillators Amplitude Modulation - Generation and
detection of AM, Angle Modulation - Phase and frequency modulation, Random Process -
Random variables, Mean, Correlation & Covariance functions, Noise Characterization - sources
and types – effect on AM and FM, Information Theory
Syllabus:
List of Experiments supposed to finish in Open Lab Sessions:
Lab session no List of Experiments
1 Diode Characteristics.
2 Zener diode as voltage regulator.
3 Study of LED Characteristics.
4 Transistor Characteristics.
5 UJT Characteristics.
6 FET Characteristics.
7 Rectifiers by diodes and transistors
8 Active low pass, high pass and band pass filter using transistor
9 RC Phase Shift Oscillator using transistor.
10 Wein Bridge Oscillator.
11 Colpitt’s Oscillator.
12 Astable Multivibrator using transistor.
16
13 Op-amp Characteristics.
14 Op-Amp as Summing amplifier, scaling and averaging amplifiers,
integrator and differentiator, instrumentation amplifier
15 Astable Multivibrator using Op-Amp.
16 Low pass and High pass filers using Op-Amps.
17 Square wave and triangular wave generators.
18 Regulated power supply using IC723
19 Op-Amp as full wave rectifier.
20 Series and parallel resonant circuits.
17
19PH5107-COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LAB
Course code : 19PH5107
L-T-P-S : 0-0-4-0
Credits : 2
Contact Hours : 4 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Usage of C characters, operators, analytic expression, arrays, functions and simple programs, Python interpreter and interactive mode.
PO2, PO
3 3
CO2 Basics of coding in MATLAB to solve linear systems and interpolation
PO 3 3
CO3 Programming in MATLAB to solve linear equation, non- linear equation and simultaneous equations
PO 3 3
CO4 Application of programming skills of C language and MATLAB to solve interpolations, numerical differentiation and integration
PO 3 3
Usage of programming language, Application Skills, problem solving skills, logical skills,
coding, programming skills etc.
Syllabus:
List of Experiments supposed to finish in Open Lab Sessions:
Lab
session
no
List of Experiments
1 Weekly Experiment/Exercise – I
2 Develop a program to print a message in C language
3 Write a program to take input and print t
4 Write a program to demonstrate switch and goto statements
5 Write a program to demonstrate Do-while and While-do statements
6 Write a program to demonstrate For statements
7 Write a program to enter and print some values in Python
8 Write a program to exchange the values of two variables in Python
9 Write a program to circulate the values of n variables in Python
10 Write a program to distance between two points in Python
11 Write a program to find eigen values in MATLAB
12 Write a program to perform curve fitting in MATLAB
13 To develop a MATLAB program for Algebra and transcendental equations.
14 To develop a MATLAB program of the Newton-Raphson method to find a
root of a equation.
18
15 To solve the system of equations using Gauss elimination method by
MATLAB program.
16 To solve the system of equations using Gauss-Seidel method by MATLAB
program.
17 To develop a MATLAB program for bisection method to solve a function.
18 To develop a MATLAB program of the Falsi position method to find a root of
a equation.
19 To develop a MATLAB program for general linear interpolation method.
20 To develop a MATLAB program of the Trapezoidal rule to evaluate the
definite integral.
21 To develop a MATLAB program of the Simpson’s rule to evaluate the definite
integral.
22 To develop a MATLAB program of the Lagrange’s formula to evaluate the
missing data.
23 To develop a MATLAB program of the Newton’s divided difference formula
to evaluate the polynomial and missing data.
24 To write an Algorithms for numerical differentiation and develop a MATLAB
program for numerical differentiation.
19
19PH5201-STATISTICAL MECHANICS
Course code : 19PH5201
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1
Explain the microstates and macro states of Ideal gas and microstate and
macrostate in classical systems, and derivation of Maxwell’s relations, and
thermodynamic laws 1 3
CO2 Applications of these ensembles to classical ideal gas and explaining about types of oscillators.
1 3
CO3 Explanation of postulates of Quantum Statistical Mechanics and types of ensembles and energy distributions
1,2,3,4,5,6 3
CO4 Explaining of Thermodynamic behavior of Ideal, Bose, Fermi gases and applications of statistical mechanics
1,2,3,4,5,6 3
Thermodynamics, Classical Statistical Mechanics, Quantum Statistical Mechanics, Ideal, Bose,
Fermi gases and applications of statistical mechanics
Syllabus:
Thermodynamics
Equation of state for various thermodynamic systems - Laws of Thermodynamics -
Consequences of equations of state and Thermodynamics laws - thermodynamics potentials -
Maxwell’s relations - Thermodynamic equilibrium conditions – Phase equilibrium - Gibbs’
phase rule - phase transitions - Ehrenfest’s classification - Microstates and macrostates – Ideal
gas – Microstate and macrostate in classical systems.
Classical Statistical Mechanics
Postulates - Liouville’s theoremmicrocanonical - canonical and grandcanonical ensembles -
Virial theorem and Equipartition of Energy theorem in these ensembles - equivalence ofthese
ensembles -Expressions for entropy in terms ofprobabilitity in these ensembles - Applications
ofthese ensembles to classical ideal gas - N harmonicOscillators - Langevin’s theory of
paramagnetism - problem solving.
Quantum Statistical Mechanics
Postulates ofQuantum Statistical Mechanics – Densitymatrix - Applications to electron in a
magnetic field - free particle - harmonic oscillator - and tomultiparticle systems - Ideal Bose and
Fermi gases inmicro-canonical and Grand canonical ensembles – BoseEinstein and Fermi-Dirac
distributions - equations ofstate.
Ideal, Bose, Fermi gases and applications of statistical mechanics
Thermodynamicbehavior - Expressions for equation of state - thermodynamic quantities in terms
of Bose-Einstein &Fermi-Dirac functions and virial expansions - Bose-Einstein condensation -
20
Fermienergy and Momentum - Black body radiation - Einstein &Debye theory for heat capacity
(possibly Ising model)
Text Books:
1. Statistical Mechanics by Gupta & Kumar
2. Statistical Mechanics -- R K Pathria
Ref. Books:
1. An Introductory Course of Statistical Mechanics - Palash B.
2. Elements of Statistical Mechanics - Kamal Singh & S.P. Singh
3. Statistical Mechanics An Elementary Outline – AvijitLahiri
4. Introduction to Statistical Physics - Kerson Huang
21
19PH5202-QUANTUM MECHANICS-1
Course code : 19PH5202
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics and its principles 1,2 3
CO2 Understanding quantum mechanics using operators and eigen values 1,2 3
CO3 Derive Schrodinger’s wave equation and its application to one
dimensional problems
1,2 3
CO4 Introduce orbital angular momentum and spin concept 1,2 3
Introducing the quantum Mechanics, understanding quantum mechanics using operators and
vector spaces, solving one dimensional problems
Syllabus:
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics:
The Conceptual aspect: Wave particle duality, Bohr’s complementarity principle.Wave function
and its interpretation -Principle of superposition-Wave packets – phase velocity and group
velocity-Uncertainty relation Postulates of Quantum Mechanics - Schrodinger wave equation -
Conservation of probability.
Operators and Vector Spaces:
Operators and their properties - Equation of Motion for operators, Hermitian operators and their
Eigen values and eigen functions Stationary states, Bohr’s correspondence principle - Coordinate
and Momentum representation- Ehrenfest’s theorem Commutator Algebra.- Dirac Delta
function, definition and properties. Dirac Delta Normalization.
One dimensional Problems :
One dimensional problems - Free Particle, Particle in a box- Potential step, potential Well,
Rectangular Potential Barrier - Linear Harmonic Oscillator Angular Momentum, Angular
Momentum in spherical polar coordinates, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of L2, LZ , L + and
L- operators. Eigen values and eigen functions of Rigid rotator and Hydrogen atom.
Commutation relations, electron spin.
Spin and Total angular momentum:
Spin angular momentum and Paulis spin matrices Total angular momentum J. Explicit matrices
for J 2 , Jx , Jy & Jz . Combination of two angular moment and tensor operator: Clebsch-Gordon
coefficients for j1=1/2 , j2 =1/2 and j1=1 , j2 =1/2 Wigner- Eckart theorem.
Text books:
22
1. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics - B. H. Bransden and C. J. Joachain 2. Quantum Mechanics - Gupta, Kumar and Sharma
Ref. Books:
1. Quantum Mechanics – L.I. Schiff. 2. Quantum Mechanics – A.P. Messaiah 3. Quantum Mechanics – E. Merzbacher
4. Quantum Mechanics – A.K. Ghatak and S. Lokanadhan and 5. A Text Book of Quantum Mechanics – P.M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan.
23
19PH5203-FIBER OPTICS AND NON-LINEAR OPTICS
Course code : 19PH5203
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Explains the light properties like total internal reflection and
interference 1 3
CO2 Fundamental properties of optical fibers, types of optical fibers and
their related information 1,2 3
CO3 Different concepts of light and information related to interferometers
and sensors 1,2 3
CO4 Explains the fiber optics in modulation sensors and different effects of
light 1,2 3
Introduction of Polarization of light, Fundamentals of Fiber optics, Intensity modulated sensors
and frequency modulation in optical fiber sensors
Syllabus:
Introduction: Plane polarized wave – propagation of a light through a quarter wave plate –
reflections at a plane interface – Brewster angle – total internal reflection – interference –
refraction – concept of coherence – diffraction of Gaussian beam.
Fundamentals of Fiber Optics: Numerical aperture – attenuation in optical fibers – pulsed
dispersion in step index optical fiber – loss mechanisms – absorptive loss – radiative loss –
principle of optical waveguides – characteristics of fibers – pulsed dispersion in planar optical waveguide – modes in planar waveguides – TE, TM modes – propagation characteristics of step index and graded index optical fibers.
Intensity modulated Sensors: Transmission concept – reflective concept – microbending concept – intrinsic concepts – transmission and reflection with other optical effects - source of
error and compensation schemes – phase modulation mechanisms in optical fibers – optical fiber interferometers – optical fiber phase sensors for mechanical variables – the optical fiber sagnac interferometer – optical fiber interferometric sensors.
Frequency modulation in Optical fiber sensors: Introduction – optical fiber Doppler system –
development of the basic concepts. Polarization modulation in fiber sensors – introduction –
optical activity – Faraday rotation – electro-gyration – electro –optic effect – kerr effect –
photoelastic effect – polarization modulation sensors.
Text Boks:
24
1. D.A. Krohn, Fiber Optic Sensors: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd edition, Instrument
Society of America (1992).
2. B. Culshaw, Optical Fiber Sensing and Signal Processing, Peter Peregrinus Ltd. (1984).
3. Djafar K. Mynbaev and Lowell L. Scheiner, Fiber Optic Communications Technology, Pearson Education Asia (2001).
25
19PH5204-SOLID STATE PHYSICS-1
Course code : 19PH5204
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Comprehend and describe the structure of the materials. 1,2 3
CO2
Explain various types-ray diffraction techniques to determine the
crystal parameters and reciprocal lattice of cubic crystalline
materials.
1,2 3
CO3 Explain density of orbitals in 1-D and 3-Dimentional, Fermi surfaces
of solid materials zones of Fermi surfaces of crystal 1,2,3 3
CO4 Explain the various bands in solids 1,2,3 3
Understanding crystal structures, crystal diffraction and reciprocal lattice, Lattice energies and
lattice vibrations, free electron Fermi gas, the band theory of solids.
Syllabus:
Crystal structure: Periodic array of atoms—Lattice translation vectors and lattices, symmetry
operations, The Basis and the Crystal Structure, Primitive Lattice cell, Fundamental types of
lattices—Two Dimensional lattice types, three Dimensional lattice types, Index system for
crystal planes, simple crystal structures-- sodium chloride, cesium chloride and diamond
structures.
Crystal diffraction and reciprocal lattice: Bragg’s law, Experimental diffraction methods-
Laue method and powder method, Derivation of scattered wave amplitude, indexing pattern of
cubic crystals (analytical methods). Geometrical Structure Factor, Determination of number of
atoms in a cell and position of atoms. Reciprocal lattice, Brillouin Zone, Reciprocal lattice to bcc
and fcc Lattices.
Lattice Energies and Lattice Vibrations: Origin of chemical binding in ionic and van der
Waals crystals – Elastic properties – Stress and strain – Elastic moduli - Lattice energy
calculations for ionic and van der Waals crystals – Lattice vibrations: Mono and diatomic one
dimensional infinitely long lattices.
Free electron fermi gas: Energy levels and density of orbitals in one dimension, Free electron
gas in 3 dimensions, Heat capacity of the electron gas, Experimental heat capacity of metals,
Motion in Magnetic Fields- Hall effect, Ratio of thermal to electrical conductivity., Fermi
surfaces of metals: Reduced zone scheme, Periodic Zone schemes, Construction of Fermi
surfaces, Electron orbits, hole orbits and open orbits.
The band theory of solids: Nearly free electron model, Origin of the energy gap, The Block
Theorem, Kronig-Penny Model, wave equation of electron in a periodic potential. The
distinction between metals, insulators and semiconductors.
26
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introdcution to Solid State Physics, C.Kittel, 5th edition,
2. Solid State Physics, A.J.DEKKER.
27
19PH5205-DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Course code : 19PH5205
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 To understand and examine the structure of various number systems
and its application in digital design.
PO1,
PO2,PO6 2
CO2 The ability to understand, analyze and design various combinational circuits.
PO3, PO6 3
CO3 Analyze, design and implement sequential logic circuits. PO3, PO6 3
CO4 To understand concept of Programmable Devices, PLA, PAL, CPLD
and FPGA PO1, PO6 2
To acquire the basic knowledge of digital logic levels and application of knowledge to
understand digital electronics circuits.
Syllabus:
Logic Simplification and Combinational Logic Design: Number Systems, Review of Boolean
Algebra and De Morgan’s Theorem, SOP & POS forms, Karnaugh maps, Binary codes, Code
Conversion, Integrated Circuit Logic Gates.
Combinational Logic Functions: Adder and Subtractor, Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexers,
Demultiplexers, Magnitude Comparators, Parity Generators and Checkers, BCD to seven
segment decoder, Verilog HDL design for Combinational Logic Functions.
Sequential Logic Functions: NAND/NOR Latches Gated Latches, Edge- Triggered Flip-flops.
Registers and Counters: Shift register, Universal Shift Register, Design of Synchronous and
Asynchronous Counters, Modulus counters. Mealy and Moore machines, State diagrams and
Tables, FSM, Introduction to ASM charts. Verilog HDL design for Sequential Logic Functions.
Programmable Logic Devices: Programmable Logic Array (PLA), Programmable Array Logic
(PAL), Logic implementation using Programmable Devices. Complex Programmable Logic
Devices, Field Programmable Gate Arrays, Applications of CPLDs and FPGAs.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Stephen Brown and Zvonko Vrane “Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog Design”
Second Edition, McGraw-Hill.
2. M. Morris Mano, “Digital Logic and Computer Design”, Pearson
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. R.P. Jain, “Modern digital Electronics”, Tata McGraw Hill, 4th edition, 2009
2. J. Bhasker, “Verilog HDL Synthesis, A Practical Primer”, Star Galaxy Publishing.
3. Digital Fundamentals by A Anand Kumar, PHI
28
19PH5206-SOLID STATE PHYSICS-1 LAB
Course code : 19PH5206
L-T-P-S : 0-0-6-0
Credits : 3
Contact Hours : 6 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Understand crystal structures and also to find lattice parameters using
different XRD techniques PO2 2
CO2 Get the practical knowledge of optical properties of various materials and
their applications PO4 3
CO3 Analyze the electrical and magnetic properties of materials and their
applications PO4 3
CO4 Get practical knowledge of the material preparation and
characterization of materials. PO6 3
The labs are designed to provide a deeper understanding of the electrical , optical properties and
material preparation and characterization of materials.
Syllabus:
Lab
session
no
List of Experiments
1 Lattice Constant measurement using X-ray diffracted film strip
2 Wavelength of LASER using diffraction grating
3 Hall magnetic fields
4 Internal resistance of a solar cell
5 Determination of Hall coefficient
6 e/m Thomson method
7 Characteristics of a Solar cell
8 Forbidden energy band gap
9 Thickness of wire using Wedge method
10 Series and parallel combination of solar cell
11 Resolving power of a prism
12 Planck’s constant
13 Refractive index of various liquids using hallow prism
29
14 Refractive index of various liquids by forming Newton’s rings
15 Diffraction grating for sodium doublet
16 Radius of curvature of lens by Newton’s rings
17 Preparation of glass material using melt quenching method.
18 Determination of refractive index and energy band gap of glass
material
19 Analysis of absorption spectra of amorphous materials (UV-vis-NIR)
20 Analysis of photoluminescence spectra of amorphous materials.
30
19PH5207-DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB
Course code : 19PH5207
L-T-P-S : 0-0-4-0
Credits : 2
Contact Hours : 4 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Learn the basics of gates. PO3 2
CO2 Construct basic combinational circuits and verify their functionalities PO6 3
CO3 Apply the design procedures to design basic sequential circuits PO6 3
CO4 To introduce the concept of memories and programmable
logic devices. PO3 3
To learn the basic methods for the design of digital circuits and provide the fundamental
concepts used in the design of digital systems
Syllabus:
1) Implementation of truth tables using switches, ICs and LEDs
2) Full adder using 7483
3) Half Adder/Subtractor (7486, 7408 and 7404)
4) Full Subtractor using simple gates, Decoders (74HC238, 74LS154),
5) Priority Encoding using CD 4532 and BCD / Binary decoder 74184),
6) Multiplexers / Demultiplexers (4051, 4052, 4053)
7) Magnitude Comparators (4585 , 7485)
8) Parity Generators and Checkers (74180)
9) BCD to seven segment decoder (74LS47)
10) Verilog HDL design for Combinational Logic Functions.
11) PRBS Generator using D flip flops (7474 and 4013)
12) Decade counter using JK Flip flop (7476 and 4027)
13) Moving LED display using 7474
14) Up down counter with LED display using 74193
15) Verilog HDL designs for sequential logic
16) BCD to excess 3 and Binary to Gray
31
19PH5301-QUANTUM MECHANICS-2
Course code : 19PH5301
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Applying time independent perturbation theory to solve different
problems
1,2 2,3
CO2 Applying time dependent perturbation theory to solve different
problems
1,2 1,2
CO3 Understanding equations of motion in quantum mechanics and
understanding identical particles
1,2 1,2
CO4
Scattering problems solutions using quantum rules and Solutions of
central force problems like hydrogen atom using relativistic quantum
mechanics
1,2 2,3
Understanding time independent and dependent perturbation theory, quantum dynamics and
identical particles, scattering theory and relativistic quantum mechanics
Syllabus:
Perturbation Theory:
Time- independent perturbation theory for (i) non degenerate systems and application to
Hydrogen atom: Kinetic energy correction, spin-orbit interaction, fine structure. Ground state
of Helium atom. ii) degenerate systems, application to linear stark effect in Hydrogen. Variation
method and its application to Helium atom. Exchange energy and low lying excited states of
Helium atom. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Selection rules.
Time dependent perturbation:
General perturbations, variation of constants, transition into closely spaced levels –Fermi’s
Golden rule. Einstein transition probabilities, Interaction of an atom with the electromagnetic
radiation. Sudden and adiabatic approximation.
Quantum Dynamics and identical particles
Equation of motion in Schrödinger’s picture and Heisenberg’s picture, correspondence between
the two. Correspondence with classical mechanics. Application of Heisenberg’s picture to
Harmonic oscillator. The indistinguishability of identical particles – The state vector space for a
system of identical particles – Creation and annihilation operators- continuous one particle
system- Dynamical variables – the Quantum dynamics of identical particle systems
Scattering Theory and Relativistic Quantum Mechanics:
Differential and total scattering cross sections - laboratory and center of Mass Reference frames,
Scattering amplitude, scattering by spherically symmetric potentials – partial wave analysis –
32
Phase shifts. Klein-Gordon equation – its success and limitations – Dirac equation for a free
particle - α and β matrices central forces and hydrogen atom.
Prescribed Text Books:
1. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics by B.H. Bransden& C.J. Joachain.
2. A text book of Quantum Mechanics – P.M. Mathews & K. Venkatesan.
3. Quantum Mechanics – L.I.Schiff 3rdEdition
4. Quantum Mechanics – Gupta, Kumar & Sharma
Reference Books:
1. Quantum Mechanics – MerzBacher
2. Quantum Mechanics– S.L. Kakani& H.M. Chandalia
33
19PH5302-ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
Course code : 19PH5302
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Detailed discussion about the electronic structure in atoms using
different spectra
1,2,7 1,2,3
CO2 Study of molecular energy levels using rotational and vibrational
spectroscopy
1,2,4,
6,7
1,2,3
CO3 Study of Raman effect of rotational, vibrational and polyatomic
molecules
1,2,4,
6,7
1,2,3
CO4 Detailed discussion about the electronic spectra and resonance
spectroscopy like NMR and ESR.
1,2,4,
6,7
1,2,3
Energy levels of atomic particles, Microwave and Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy
and Electronic spectroscopy and Resonance spectroscopy
Syllabus:
Atomic Spectra
Quantum states of electron in atoms – hydrogen atom spectrum – electron spin – Stern Gerlach
experiment – spin orbit interaction – Lande interval rule – two electron systems – LS-JJ coupling schemes – fine structure – spectroscopic terms and selection rules – hyperfine structure – exchange symmetry of wave function – Pauli’s exclusion principle – periodic table – alkali type
spectra – equivalent electrons. Zeeman and Paschen Back effect of one and two electron systems – selection rules – Stark effect.
Microwave Spectroscopy and IR Spectroscopy
Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules – rigid rotator – effect of isotropic substitution – non rigid rotator – rotation spectra of polyatomic molecules – linear, symmetric top and asymmetric
top molecules – experimental techniques – diatomic vibrating rotator – linear, symmetric top molecule – analysis by infrared techniques – characteristic and group frequencies.
Raman Spectroscopy
Raman effect – quantum theory of Raman effect – rotational Raman spectra – vibrational Raman spectra – Raman spectra of polyatomic molecules – Raman spectrometer – hyper-Raman effect –
experimental techniques. Electronic Spectroscopy and Resonance Spectroscopy
Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules – Frank-Condon principle – dissociation energy and
dissociation products – rotational fine structure of electronic vibration transitions – Fortrat
Diagram – predissociation. Inner shell vacancy – X-ray –Auger transitions – Compton Effect –
NMR – basic principles – classical and quantum mechanical description – spin-spin and spin
34
lattice relaxation times – magnetic dipole coupling – chemical shift – Knight shift – ESR – basic
principles – nuclear interaction and hyperfine structure – g- factor – Zero field splitting.
Text Books:
1. C.N. Banwell, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill, New
York (2004). 2. Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics, 6th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
(2003).
3. G. Aruldhas, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy, Prientice Hall of India, New Delhi (2002).
4. B.P. Straughan& S. Walker, Spectroscopy: Vol. I, Chapmen and Hall (1976).
5. Manas Chandra, Atomic Structure and Chemical Bond, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi (2003).
6. G.M. Barrow, Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, Mc Graw Hill Ltd., Singapore (1986).
35
19PH5303-NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Course code : 19PH5303
L-T-P-S : 2-0-0-0
Credits : 2
Contact Hours : 2 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1
Will apply the models describing the basic nucleon and nuclear
properties and establish the basic fundamentals necessary for further
course outcomes. 1,2,7 3
CO2 Properties and decay principles of Beta and Gamma rays will be
reviewed, their selection rules will be understood. 2,3,4,7 3
CO3
History of different techniques to detect various kinds of radiation will
be learned. Detection and importance of radiation detection using
Hyper Pure Germanium Detectors to study various basic science
principles and their applications in various fields will be reviewed.
1,2,3,4,5,7 3
CO4
Basics of particle physics and their classification will be discussed.
Their fundamental properties and functions along with basic particle
physics models leading to GUT will be discussed. 1,2,7 3
Learning two body problem and nuclear forces, nuclear models, radioactive decays and Nuclear
reaction fission and fusion.
Syllabus:
Two body problem and Nuclear Forces
The Deuteron – Ground state of deuteron – Magnetic dipole moment of deuteron – Properties
of nuclear forces –Scattering cross section – High energy nucleon-nucleon scattering –Spin
dependence – Charge symmetry – Charge independence – Repulsion at short distances – Meson
theory of nuclear forces – Exchange forces.
Nuclear Models
The degenerate gas model – Liquid drop model –Binding energy of nucleus – semi empirical
mass formula (Bethe- Weizsacker formula) – Stability of nuclei against beta decay –Mass
parabola – Fermi gas model – Alpha particle model – Shell model – Collective model – Optical
model.
Radioactive Decays (Alpha, Beta, Gamma radiations):
Law of radioactive decay– Half life, mean life and successive radioactive transformation – Alpha
decay and barrier penetration – Gamow’s theory of alpha decay – Pauli’s hypothesis and Fermi
theory of beta decay – selection rules – Electron captures – Absorption of Gamma rays by matter
– Interaction of Gamma ray with matter – Internal conversion.
36
Nuclear Reaction, Fission and Fusion
Types of reaction and conservation laws – Energetic of nuclear reactions – Isospin – Reaction
cross section – Compound nucleus reactions - Breit -Wigner one level formula. II:
Characteristics of fissions – Energy in fission – Fission reactors – Basic fusion processes –
Characteristics of fusion – Solar fusion – Controlled fusion reactors.
Prescribed Text Books:
1. Introductory Nuclear Physics - Kenneth S Krane.
2. Nuclear Radiation Detectors - S.S. Kapoor & V.S. Ramamurthy
3. Radiation Detection and Measurement - G.F. Knoll
Reference Books:
1. The Atomic Nucleus - R.D. Evans.
2. Nuclear and Particle Physics - E.B.Paul. 3. Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics experiments - William. R. Leo
37
19PH5304-PARTICLE PHYSICS
Course code : 19PH5304
L-T-P-S : 2-0-0-0
Credits : 2
Contact Hours : 2 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Understand and identify the basic aspiration of elementary particles. PO1,
PO3, PO7 2
CO2 Envisage the roadmap to fulfill the basic aspiration of particle interactions
in nature.
PO1,
PO3, PO7 2
CO3 Analyze the profession and his role in this existence for Quark
hypothesis & Quantum chromodynamics.
PO1,
PO3, PO7 2
CO4 Analyze the Particle accelerators and detectors of a body subjected to a
given Standard model.
PO1,
PO3, PO7 2
Basic elementary particles, particle interactions in nature, Weak and Strong interactions, Quark
hypothesis Particle accelerators and detectors.
Syllabus:
Particle Physics: Broad classification of elementary particles and particle interactions in nature,
Properties of the Elementary Particles , Properties of the Fundamental Interactions conservation
laws, symmetry classifications of elementary particles- Gell-Mann-Nishijima scheme, CPT
conservation, Quark hypothesis & Quantum chromodynamics, Quark model and quark
composition of mesons and baryons – Color and Flavor – Weak and Strong interactions –
Standard model, Particle accelerators and detectors: linear accelerators, cyclotron, synchrotron,
colliding beam accelerators (LHC), gas-filled counters, scintillation detectors, semiconductor
detectors.
Text Books:
1. The Atomic Nucleus - R.D. Evans.
2. Nuclear and Particle Physics - E.B.Paul. 3. Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics experiments - William. R. Leo
38
19PH5305-SOLID STATE PHYSICS-2
Course code : 19PH5305
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1
Understands structure of crystalline solids, kinds of crystal
imperfections and appreciates structure-property relationship in
crystals. 1,2,7 3
CO2 understand the source of a materials magnetic behavior and be able to
distinguish types of magnetism and their properties 1,2,7 3
CO3
understand semiconductor physics: direct and indirect band-gaps, the
effects of doping a semiconductor and Drift and Diffusion – Einstein
relation 1,2,3,7 3
CO4 understand the phenomenon of superconductivity: key experiments,
some attempts to explain superconductivity, the BCS model 1,2,37 3
Understanding semiconductor physics, super conductivity, Magnetic materials and Dielectrics.
Syllabus:
Semiconductor Physics: Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors – Expression for position of
Fermi levels and carrier concentrations – Variation of Fermi level with temperature – np product
– Carrier mobility, conductivity and their variation with temperature – Direct and indirect band
gap semiconductors – Differences and examples – Hall effect - Continuity equation – Drift and
Diffusion – Einstein relation – Generation, Recombination and life time of non-equilibrium
carriers – Heyness-Schockley experiment – Determination of life time, diffusion length of
minority charge carriers.
Superconductivity: Concept of zero resistance – Magnetic behavior – Distinction between a
perfect conductor and superconductor – Meissner effect – Isotope effect – Type-I,Vortex state of
a Type II superconductors, difference between normal and superconducting states – London’s
equations – Penetration depth – BCS theory –Josephson junctions – SQUIDS and its applications
- Applications of superconductors – High TC superconductors – Preparation – Properties.
Magnetic Materials: Types- Dia, para, ferro, anti- ferro &Ferri magnetic materials-Hysteresis
curve- susceptibility measurement: Guoy balance, Quincke’s Method- Quantum theories of para
and ferro magnetism – Curie point and exchange integral – Curie temperature and Neel
Temperature ( Definitions) - Magnons – Domain Theory - Applications of Magnetic materials.
Dielectrics: Dielectric constant, types of polarization, local field, Classius-Mossiti equation,
frequency dependence of p0larizatioons, piezo and ferro-elctric materials and their applications.
39
Text Books
1. Solid State Physics, C. Kittel, John Wiley & Sons.
2. Solid State Physics, A.J. Dekkar, Macmillan India Ltd.
3. Elementary Solid State Physics, M. Ali Omar, Addison-Wesley.
4. Solid State Physics, M.A. Wahab, Narosa Publishing House.
5. Solid State Electronic Devices, B.G. Streetman.
6. High TC Superconductivity, C.N.R. Rao and S.V. Subramanyam.
7. Solid State Physics, S.O. Pillai.
8. Solid State Physics, S.L. Kakani and C. Hemarajan.
9. Electrons in Solids, Richard H. Bube.
40
19PH5306-LASERS AND PHOTONICS
Course code : 19PH5306
L-T-P-S : 4-0-0-0
Credits : 4
Contact Hours : 4 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Illustrating energy mechanism, distribution and design of various laser
system PO1, PO2 3
CO2 Understanding and explaining the various lasers systems and their applications
PO1, PO5 2 &
3
CO3 Illustrating the various mechanism in non linear optics PO1, PO5 3
CO4 Understanding and interpreting the different properties of light like
scattering and their applications the need of ceramics, and coatings PO1, PO6
2 &
3
Energy distributions and laser design, various laser systems and their applications of laser, non-
linear optics & linear optics, light scattering, Optical properties of materials and materials
applications
Syllabus:
Energy distributions and laser design:
Boltzmann distribution, Population inversion, Rate equations, Stability conditions, Three level
and four level lasers; Issues in designing a laser; Pumping mechanisms; Stable and unstable
resonators, Laser Cavity, Longitudinal and Transverse Modes, Mode Selection, Gain in a
Regenerative Laser Cavity; Q-switching, Mode locking, Laser amplification, Frequency
conversion, Pulse expansion, Pulse shortening – Pico-second and Femtosecond operations,
Spectral narrowing and Stabilization.
Laser systems:
Basics of tunable, ultrafast and power lasers; Gas lasers: He-Ne, He-Cd, Ar, Kr ion, CO2,
Excimer lasers; Solid state lasers: Diode pumped solid state lasers, Lamp pumping and thermal
issues; Ruby, Nd-YAG, Fibre lasers; Semiconductor lasers: Laser materials, Laser structure,
Frequency control of laser output, Modern diode laser, Quantum cascade lasers, p-Ge lasers,
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser.
Applications of laser:
Laser cooling; Laser barcode scanner, Laser trimming, Cutting, Welding, Drilling and Tracking,
Pattern formation by laser etching; LIDAR; Laser-tissue interaction, Laser surgery; Holography,
Interferometry, Microscopy.
Nonlinear optics & Linear optics:
Homogeneous isotropic media, wave propagation in linear isotropic media, anisotropic materials,
tensor nature of anisotropy, harmonic oscillator: optical response, nonlinear optical
41
susceptibility: susceptibility tensor, wave propagation in nonlinear media, second harmonic
generation.
Light scattering
Extinction, scattering, and absorption cross sections, optical theorem, light scattering from small
objects, Mie theory, Mie scattering, Rayleigh scattering, importance of scattering and extinction
in optical experiments.
Optical properties of materials: Complex dielectric function and refractive index, optical
properties of metals, permittivity of metals, damping constant, optical properties of
semiconductors, optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals: quantum dots, excitons,
optical properties of novel materials like graphene and topological insulators.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Jasprit Singh, Optoelectronics: An introduction to Materials and Devices, McGrawHill
Inc, 1996.
2. O. Svelto, Principles of Laser, Plenum (1998).
3. Robert W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, Academic Press, New York, 1992.
4.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. S.O.Kasap, Optoelectronics and photonics: principles and practices, Prentice Hall 2001.
2. W. T. Silfvast, Laser and Fundamentals, Cambridge (1996). 3. A. K. Ghatak & K. Thyagarajan, Optical Electronics, Cambridge University
Press,(1991).
42
19PH5308-SOLID STATE PHYSICS-2 LAB
Course code : 19PH5308
L-T-P-S : 0-0-6-0
Credits : 3
Contact Hours : 6 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Understand the mechanical properties of various materials PO2 2
CO2 Get the practical knowledge of Thermal properties of various materials and
their applications PO4 3
CO3 Analyze the dielectric and magnetic properties of materials and their
applications PO4 3
CO4 Get practical knowledge of the nano material preparation and
characterization of materials. PO6 3
The labs are designed to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanical, thermal, dielectric and
magnetic properties and nano material preparation and characterization of nano materials.
Syllabus:
Lab
session
no
List of Experiments
1 Youngs modulus by uniform bending method
2 Creep behavior of a metal wire
3 Lattice Dynamics
4 Energy loss of magnetic materials by tracing B-H curve
5 Curie temperature of a Ferroelectric material
6 Dielectric constant of a solid
7 Specific heat of a solid (Graphite)
8 Specific heat of a metal (Brass) using Lee’s Method
9 Velocity of Ultrasonic waves in a given liquid
10 Density and Viscosity measurement of liquids
11 Measurement of numerical aperture of optical fiber
12 Optical fiber loss
13 Susceptibility measurement using Quincke’s method
14 Circular coil – Stewart Gee Galvonometer
15 Determination of electrical conductivity using two probe method
43
16 Preparation of polymer electrolyte using solution casting technique
17 Analysis of XRD spectra of polymer electrolytes
18 Preparation of cathode materials using hydro thermal method
19 Analysis of FT-IR spectra of polymer electrolytes
20 Preparation of cathode materials using solid state reaction method
21 Analysis of the cathode materials using XRD and SEM
22 Preparation of materials using spin coating method
44
PROFESSIONAL
ELECTIVES
45
19PH54E1-EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS
Course code : 19PH54E1
L-T-P-S : 3-0-0-0
Credits : 3
Contact Hours : 3 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Ability to understand basic properties of materials and applying the
techniques to calculate required values
PO2,
PSO1 4
CO2 Analyze the results obtained from different characterization techniques PO3,
PSO2 4
CO3 Ability to analyze the results to obtain better output PO3,
PSO2 4
CO4 Ability to analyze the results obtained from different characterization
techniques to achieve quality material for better out put
PO3,
PSO2 4
Understanding all experimental techniques related light, electrical, surface morphology and
thermal properties of prepared powder samples or thin films.
Syllabus:
Unit-1: Properties of Electromagnetic radiation, interaction of EM radiation with matter,
absorption, scattering, diffraction, polarization, excitation and de-excitation. Experimental
techniques and analysis of materials through X- ray scattering techniques: powder method, Laue
method, crystal structure determination. Phase diagram determinationX-ray diffraction. Atomic
scattering and Geometrical structure factors. Factors influencing the intensities of diffracted
beams. Powder X-ray diffractometer. Applications of XRD in materials.
Unit-2: Study of the morphology, aggregation, size and microstructure of ceramic materials
using Optical microscope, quantitative phase analysis. Principle of electron microscopy.
Construction and operation of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electron diffraction by crystalline solids;
selected area diffraction. Atomic Force Microscope. Mechanism of image formation in SEM and
its processing. Electron microprobe analysis (EDAX and WDS). Preparation of samples for
electron microscopic studies. ESCA and PES.
Unit-3: Spectroscopic analysis of materials: Basic laws of spectroscopy and its application in
micro analysis, Spectroscopic characterization techniques: Rutherford back scattering method,
X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy. Electrical Characterizations: Dielectric measurements,
polarization-electric field measurements. Magnetic Characterization: M-H.
Unit-4: Nanoscale lithography techniques and technology, major methods of nanoscale
lithography. Moore’s Law. Lithography techniques (Photolithography, Electron-beam
lithography,X-Ray Lithography. DTA, TGA and DSC with suitable examples of glass and
46
ceramic materials. Vacuum Techniques: Physical vapour deposition, Chemical vapour deposition
and Molecular beam Epitaxy method.
Text Books:
1. H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt, J.A. Dean and F.A. Settle, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 6th Ed., C.B.S. Publishers, New Delhi, 1991.
2. Metals Handbook Vol. 9, Characterization of Materials, 10th Ed., American Soc. of Metals, Metals Park, Ohio, 1986.
3. G.A. Higgerson, Experiments in Materials Technology, Affiliated East-West Press,
1973. 4. L.C. Azzarof, Elements of X-ray Crystallography, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968.
5. M.V. Heimendahl, Electron Microscopy of Materials-An Introduction, Academic Press, 1980.
47
19PH54E2-BASIC COMMUNICATION THEORY
Course code : 19PH54E2
L-T-P-S : 3-0-0-0
Credits : 3
Contact Hours : 3 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 To understand production and detection of amplitude modulation. PO1, PO2 2
CO2 To understand production and detection of angle or frequency
modulation. PO1, PO2 2
CO3 To understand noise, its characterization and its effects on FM system PO1, PO2 2
CO4 To understand Shannon law, Source coding theorem, Huffman & Shannon Fano codes.
PO1, PO2 2
Amplitude Modulation - Generation and detection of AM, Angle Modulation - Phase and
frequency modulation, Random Process - Random variables, Mean, Correlation & Covariance
functions, Noise Characterization - sources and types – effect on AM and FM, Information
Theory.
Syllabus:
Amplitude Modulation
Generation and detection of AM wave-spectra-DSBSC, Hilbert Transform, Pre-envelope &
complex envelope – SSB and VSB –comparison -Superheterodyne Receiver.
Angle Modulation
Phase and frequency modulation-Narrow Band and Wind band FM – Spectrum – FM modulation
and demodulation – FM Discriminator- PLL as FM Demodulator – Transmission bandwidth.
Random Process
Random variables, Central limit Theorem, Random Process, Stationary Processes, Mean,
Correlation & Covariance functions, Power Spectral Density, Ergodic Processes, Gaussian
Process, Transmission of a Random Process Through a LTI filter.
Noise Characterization
Noise sources and types – Noise figure and noise temperature – Noise in cascaded systems.
Narrow band noise – PSD of in-phase and quadrature noise –Noise performance in AM systems
– Noise performance in FM systems – Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis – Capture effect, threshold
effect.
Information Theory
Entropy – Discrete Memoryless channels – Channel Capacity -Hartley – Shannon law – Source
coding theorem – Huffman & Shannon – Fano codes.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. J.G.Proakis, M.Salehi, “Fundamentals of Communication Systems”, Pearson Education 2006.
48
2. S. Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley, 2005. REFERENCES:
1. B.P.Lathi, “Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2007.
2. B.Sklar, “Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, 2nd Edition Pearson Education 2007
3. H P Hsu, Schaum Outline Series – “Analog and Digital Communications” TMH 2006 4. Couch.L., “Modern Communication Systems”, Pearson, 2001.
49
19PH54E3-PHYSICS OF NANOMATERIALS
Course code : 19PH54E3
L-T-P-S : 3-0-0-0
Credits : 3
Contact Hours : 3 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Understand the importance quantum mechanics, energy bands and electronic statistics PO1,PO7 2
CO2 Understand heterostructures, quantum wells, dots, wires. PO1,PO7 2
CO3 Understand the coupling between quantum wells, dots and wires and transmissions.
PO1,PO7 2
CO4 Understand the CNT and bulk nanostructured materials PO1,PO7 2
Physics of Nanomaterials: Introduction to quantum mechanics, band theory, heterostructures, quantum
wells, dots, wires, and importance of CNT
Syllabus:
Overview of quantum mechanics, concepts related to low-dimensional systems, wave-particle duality, Heisenberg principle, Schrödinger wave equation, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distributions. Concepts related to electronic structure: direct lattice, reciprocal lattice, energy bands, direct and indirect band gap semiconductors, variation of energy bands with alloy composition, lattice mismatching, effective-mass, electron statistics Heterojunctions, Type I and Type II heterostructures, classification of quantum confined systems, electrons and holes in quantum wells, surface to volume ratio in quantum confined systems, spherical cluster approximation, exterior and interior surface area. Electron states in heterostructures: electronic wave functions, energy subbands and density of electronic states in quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots, effective-mass mismatch in heterostructures Coupling between quantum wells, super lattices, wave functions and density of states for super lattices, unit cell for quantum well, for quantum wire and for quantum dots, 2DEG. Transmission in nanostructures: tunneling in planar barrier, Resonant Tunnel diodes. Excitons: in bulk, in quantum structures and in heterostructures Metal nanoclusters, magic numbers, geometric structures, electronic structure, bulk to nanotransition, magnetic clusters, semiconducting nanoparticles, rare-gas and molecular clusters. Carbon nanoparticles: CNTs, chiral vector, chiral angle, unit cell for CNTs. Bulk nanostructured materials: Solid disordered crystals, colloidal Photonic crystals
Text Books:
1. Nanotechnology-Molecularly Designed Materials: G.M. Chow & K.E. Gonsalves (American
Chemical Society), 1996.
2. Nanotechnology Molecular Speculations on Global Abundance: B.C. Crandall (MIT Press),
1996.
Reference Books:
1. Quantum Dot Heterostructures: D. Bimerg, M. Grundmann and N.N. Ledentsov (Wiley),1998.
50
2. Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Films–Preparation, Characterization and Application:
J.H.Fendler (Wiley), 1998.
3. Nanofabrication and Bio-system: H.C. Hoch, H.G. Craighead and L. Jelinski (Cambridge
Univ. Press), 1996.
4. Physics of Semiconductor Nanostructures: K.P. Jain (Narosa), 1997.
5. Physics of Low-Dimension Semiconductors: J.H. Davies (Cambridge Univ. Press) 1998.
6. Advances in Solid State Physics (Vo.41): B. Kramer (Ed.) (Springer), 2001.
51
19PH54E4-RADAR SYSTEMS AND SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Course code : 19PH54E4
L-T-P-S : 3-0-0-0
Credits : 3
Contact Hours : 3 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 To be learn the Radar operations, types of radar and applications 1,2,4 3
CO2 To be learn the signal and data processing for radars, antenna
characteristics 1,2,4 3
CO3 To be learn the satellite communications, orbital constitutions and
Telemetry, Tracking 1,2,3 3
CO4 To be learn the coding techniques for INMARSAT VSAT, GPS,
RADARSAT, INTELST applications 1,2,3,4 3
Radar Systems, Signal and Data Processing, Satellite Communication, Multiple Access
Techniques
Syllabus:
Radar Systems: Fundamental – A simple RADAR – overview of frequencies – Antenna gain
Radar Equation – Accuracy and Resolution – Integration time and the Doppler shift- Designing a
surveillance radar – Rader and surveillance – Antenna beam – width consideration – pulse
repetition frequency – unambiguous range and velocity – pulse length and sampling – radar cross
section – clutter noise- Tracking Radar – Sequential lobbing – conial scanning – Monopoles
Radar – Tracking accuracy and Process – Frequency Agility – Radar guidance
Signal and Data Processing: Properties of clutter – Moving Target Indicator Processing
Shareholding – Plot extraction – Tract Association, Initiation and Tracking - Radar Antenna –
Antenna parameters – Antenna Radiation Pattern and aperture distribution – Parabolic reflector –
cosecant squared antenna pattern – effect of errors on radiation pattern – Stabilization of
antennas.
Satellite Communication: Satellite System – Historical development of satellites –
communication satellite systems – communication satellites – orbiting satellites – satellite
frequency bands – satellite multiple access formats. Satellite orbits and inclination – Look
angles, orbital perturbations, space craft and its subsystems – attitude and orbit control system –
Telemetry, Tracking and Command – Power system – Transponder – Reliability and space
qualification – launch vehicles.
Multiple Access Techniques: Time division multiple access – Frequency division multiple
access – Code division multiple access – Space domain multiple access. Earth Station technology
– Subsystem of an earth station – Transmitter – Receiver Tracking and pointing – Small earth
station – different types of earth stations – Frequency coordination – Basic principles of special
communication satellites – INMARSAT VSAT, GPS, RADARSAT, INTELST.
52
Text Books:
1. Understanding Radar Systems – Simon Kingsley and Shaun Quegan. 2. Introduction to Radar Systems – MI Skolnik
3. Satellite Communication – Robert M. Gagliardi 4. Satellite Communication – Manojit Mitra
53
19PH54E5-PHYSICS OF NANOMATERIALS
Course code : 19PH54E5
L-T-P-S : 3-0-0-0
Credits : 3
Contact Hours : 3 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 Explain the concept of thin film technology and the preparation and
techniques 1,2,7 3
CO2 Explaining the growth and techniques and kinetics 2,7 3
CO3
Explaining about XRD, TEM and other techniques for Thin film
characterization 1,2,3,7 3
CO4 Explaining the various properties of thin films. 1,2,3,4,5,6
,7 3
Preparation of Thin film Techniques, Film growth technique and Kinetics, Thin film
Characterization Techniques, Various Properties of Thin films.
Syllabus:
Preparation of Thin film Techniques: Preparation of Thin-films Kinetic aspects of Gases in a
vacuum chamber - Classifications of vacuum ranges Production of vacuum - Pressure
measurement in vacuum systems - Physical vapour deposition - Evaporation Techniques -
Sputtering (RF & DC) - Pulsed Laser deposition-Liquid Phase Epitaxy- Vapour Phase Epitaxy-
Molecular Beam Epitaxy.
Film growth technique and Kinetics: Film growth and measurement of thickness,
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of thin film formation - Film growth – five stages - In corporation
of defects and impurities in films - Deposition parameters and grain size - structure of thin films
- Microbalance technique - quartz crystal monitor photometric - Ellipsometry and
interferometers - Measurement of rate of deposition using ratemeter - cleaning of substrate.
Thin film Characterization Techniques: Characterization, X-ray Diffraction(XRD) - SEM,
Photoluminescence(PL) - Raman Sepectroscopy, UV-Vis-IR Spectrophotometer – AFM - Hall
effect – SIMS - X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) - Vibrational Sample Magnetometers,
Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS).
Various Properties of Thin films: Properties of thin films Dielectric properties - Experimental
techniques for dielectric film - annealing effect, effect of film thickness on dielectric properties –
determination of optical constants – Experimental techniques for determination of optical
parameters - Magnetic and mechanical properties - Hall effect compilations - Adhesion, stress,
54
strength, Raleigh surface waves - Ferromagnetic properties of Thin films - Experimental
methods for measurement of mechanical properties of thin films.
Text Books:
1. K.L. Chopra, Thin film phenomena, McGraw- Hill book company New York, 1969
2. LudminlaEckertova, ‘Physics of thin films’, Plenum press, New York 1977.
:3. A. Goswami, Thin Film Fundamentals, New Age international (P) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi
(1996).
55
19PH54E6-ANTENNA THEORY AND RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION
Course code : 19PH54E6
L-T-P-S : 3-0-0-0
Credits : 3
Contact Hours : 3 Pre-requisite : NIL
Mapping of Course Outcomes with PO/PSO:
CO# Course Outcome PO/PSO BTL
CO1 To be learn the antenna characteristics, radiation and applications 1,2 3
CO2 To be learn antenna arrays, advantages; impedance measurements 1,2 3
CO3 To be learn types of antennas, excitation techniques for designing the
antennas 1,2,3,6 3
CO4 To be learn ground wave space wave and sky wave propagation for
wireless communications 1,2,3,5 3
Radiation and Antenna Fundamentals, Antenna Arrays and Impedance, Frequency Independent (FI)
Antennas, Radio Wave Propagation.
Syllabus:
Radiation and Antenna Fundamentals : Potential functions of electro-magnetic fields. Potential function for sinusoidal oscillations. Fields radiated by an alternating current element. Power radiated by a current element and radiation resistance. Radiation from a quarter wave monopole or a half wave dipole. EM field close to an antenna and far field approximation. Definition of an antenna. Antenna properties – radiation pattern, gain, directive gain and directivity. Effective area. Antenna beam width and band width. Directional properties of dipole antennas.
Antenna Arrays and Impedance: Two element array. Linear arrays. Multiplication of patterns
and binomial array. Effect of Earth on vertical patterns. Mathematical theory of linear arrays.
Antenna synthesis – Tchebycheff polynomial method. Wave polarization. Antenna terminal
impedance. Mutual impedance between two antennas. Computation of mutual impedance.
Radiation resistance by induced emf method. Reactance of an antenna. Biconcal antenna and its
impedance.
Frequency Independent (FI) Antennas and Methods of excitation and Practical Antennas
Frequency Independence concept. Equiangular spiral. Log Periodic (LP) antennas. Array
theory of LP and FI structures. Methods of excitation and stub matching and baluns. Folded
dipole, loop antennas. Parasitic elements and Yagi-Uda arrays and Helical antenna.
Complementary screens and slot antennas. Radiation from a rectangular horn antenna.
Radio Wave Propagation: Elements of Ground wave and Space wave propagation. Tropospheric propagation and Troposcatter. Fundamentals of Ionosphere. Sky wave propagation – critical frequency, MUF and skip distance.
56
Text Books:
1. “Electromagnetic waves and Radiating Systems” by E.C.Jordan and K.G.Balmain
2. “Antennas” by J. D. Kraus. (Second Edition)