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MATTER:- properties
-classification
-changes it undergoes
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OBJECTIVES
What is matter?
What are some properties of matter?
What type of changes does matter undergoand what results from these changes?
How is matter classified?
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What is MATTER?
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STATESof Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
BEC
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Solid Liquid Gas
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html
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Properties of Matter
PHYSICAL
Physical properties are any properties
of matter which can be perceivedor observed without changing the
chemical identity of the sample.
Color, odor, hardness, density,melting point, boiling point,state, solubility.
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Properties of Matter
CHEMICALProperties of matter that may only be
observed and measured by
performing a chemical change orchemical reaction.
Chemical properties cannot be
determined by touching or
viewing a sample; the structure of
the sample must be altered for the
chemical properties to become
apparent.
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Properties of Matter
CHEMICALExamples of chemical
properties:
reactivity with other
chemicals
toxicity
flammability
heat of combustionprecipitation
chemical stability
types of chemical
bonds that will form
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Changes that Matter Undergoes
PHYSICAL CHANGE
- a change in the physical
properties of a substance
- composition does not change.
- may be reversible or irreversible
- PHASE CHANGE
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Bromine
Gas
(Vapor)
Liquid
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Changes that Matter Undergoes
CHEMICAL CHANGE
- a change that produces
matter with a different
composition than theoriginal matter.
- atoms rearrange
themselves into new
combinations.
- also called chemicalreaction.
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How do we know if a chemical
change has happened?
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Recognizing a Chemical Change
energy exchange
production of a gas (bubbling)
color change
formation of a precipitate
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Pure Substance
Matter that has a uniform anddefinite composition.
Elements
Compounds
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Mixture: a physical blend of two or
more substances that are notchemically combined.
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
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MIXTURES vs PURE SUBSTANCES
Mixtures are of
variable compositions
Pure substances
(compounds) are of
very specific
compositions
Definite chemical
composition and
formula
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MIXTURES vs PURE SUBSTANCES
A mixture can beseparated by physicalmeans. Filtration, decantation,
sublimation, distillation,evaporation, use ofmagnets,chromatography
A compound can beseparated by chemicalmeans Electrolysis, hydrolysis
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ELEMENTS vs COMPOUNDS
ELEMENTS
The simplest substances.
Can not be separated into
simpler substances.
Building blocks of all matter.
More than 100 known
elements.
Represented by chemical
symbols.
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ELEMENTS vs COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
A substance that contains two or
more elements chemically
combined.
Compounds have different
properties from the individual
substances.
(Ex: H2O)
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HOMOGENOUSvs. HETEROGENEOUS
Homogeneous mixtures are those that havea uniform composition throughout (one
phase)
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Example: Stainless Steel
A homogeneous
mixture of:
-Iron (Fe)-Chromium (Cr)
-Nickel (Ni)
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Example: Gaseous Mixture
Elements argon and nitrogen and a
compound (water vapor) found in air.
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Heterogeneousmixtures are those
that have non-uniformcompositionthroughout themixture
Two or more phases.
HOMOGENOUSvs. HETEROGENEOUS
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