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Ah, the good old days,when cell phones were as big as bricks,personal computers were still a revolutionary conceptóandcellular analysis was done one painstaking step at a time. Itused to be that when life scientists wanted to examine what
was happening in tissue samples, they would have to carefully preparesections of the tissue, stain them with one or perhaps two ˇuorescentdyes (carefully chosen so that they would not interfere with each other),and examine each section on amicroscope with limited excitation lightand ˇlter options. Back then, single-cell analysis using ˇow cytometrywas in its infancy, requiring huge devices and experts to run them.Fast forward to 2019: Fortunately, we have made some signiˇcantadvancements in user-friendly technology for cellular analysis.Scientists now use an approach called multiplexing,which allows forthe observation and analysis of upwards of 30 to 40 elements withina sampleóeach tagged with a different ˇuorescent dyeóin the sameexperiment. Thanks to highly engineered optical interference ˇltersand breakthroughs in light sources such as lasers and LEDs, much morereliable data can be collected, and many related objects and processescan be observed almost simultaneously, often in situ, saving time andmoney while generating more meaningful results.
ìNature is complex,î says David Schwartz, cofounder, CEO, andchief scientiˇc ofˇcer of Cell IDx, a biotech company that developsmultiplex reagents for research and clinical immunohistochemistry.ìIn any assay, one wants to tease out asmuch information from eachsample as possible. So being able tomultiplex is key.îMultiplexingitself is not new, but its power to acquire large amounts of relevantbiological information quickly has advanced signiˇcantly in the last fewyears.Multiplexing basically involves the use of multiple streams ofdata gathered within a short period of time. In life sciencesmicroscopy,multiplexing requires the use of multiple ˇuorophores, each chemicallyconnected to unique probes, such as antibodies, that bind tomoleculesof interest. Scientists stain each cell or tissue sample with differentˇuorophores, exciting it with different wavelengths of light that cause
it to ˇuoresce with a characteristic spectrum.When multiplexing,one uses multiple ˇuorophores that emit their own distinctive, butoften overlapping, emission spectra.Discriminating between theseoverlapping spectra is essential tomultiplexingóand without opticalinterference ˇlters, would be impossible. These ˇlters, composed ofalternating layers of materials with different refractive indices, transmitlight of desired wavelengths while rejecting unwanted wavelengths.
ìWhen using multiplexing, context is preserved when identifyingand quantifying biomarkers on tissue, unlike in any other diagnostic orimmunoassay technique.With other techniques, you tear [cells] apartto detect and quantify targets,î notes Schwartz. ìWith multiplexing,you can observe multiple markers in context, and this is especiallyimportant in ˇelds like immuno-oncology, where one wants todetermine where the immune cells are locatedóin that case, in thetumor or stromaóand their location relative to each other.î
Flow Cytometry:Multiplexingwith morechannels
Microscopy is not the only platform in which multiplexing canbe applied to better understand living tissue. In ˇow cytometry,individually isolated cells are suspended in a ˇuid and labeledwith ˇuorescently tagged antibodies, similar to preparing slides forˇuorescent microscopy. As the solution ˇows past a series of lasers,more than two dozen ˇuorescent parameters can be distinguishedand measured in each cell by the ˇow cytometer, allowing scientiststo quicklymeasure and identify the proteins expressed inmillionsof intact cells from a tissue sample. ìThe advantage of multiplexingin ˇow cytometry is being able to interrogate complex differences inprotein expression at the single-cell level,î says Jody Martin, seniorstaff scientist in advanced technology development at BD, a globalmedical technology company. ìNow we are measuring up to 30proteins at a time in a single experiment,which allows us to decipherthe heterogeneity of cells from a given tissue sample.î Furthermore,
The power and purpose ofmultiplexing:Applications in microscopy imaging and ˇow cytometry
IMAGE:COMPLIM
ENTSOFCELLIDX
Multiplex image of staining on tonsil tissue with a panel of CD4 (yellow), CD8 (green), CD31 (red), and Ki-67 (purple) using Cell IDx UltraPlex technology.
Advertorial
adds Martin, flow cytometry removes the need to analyze tissue ona slide—which makes it challenging to distinguish and study largenumbers of discrete cells—and enables a wealth of data to be gatheredvery quickly, albeit at the expense of some contextual information.As for microscopes, the platform is also evolving to allow for morefluorophores to be used together, and “the color filters are such goodquality that they minimize bleeding [of the colors together],” he says.
As director of flow cytometry core laboratories for the SitemanCancer Center at Washington University in St. Louis’s Department ofMedicine,William C. Eades has been using flow cytometry for decades.He is involved in many projects attempting to better understand howcancer grows. “Originally, if you had more than one color laser excitingmultiple fluorescent tags on the same cell at the same time, there wasjust too much bright laser light and dim fluorescent emission to isolatethem from each other. It simply didn’t work well,” he says. “Once itwas found that lasers could be separated to hit cells at different times,multiplexing flow cytometry took off.”
The true power of multiplexing is not purely academic but hasreal-world consequences: the ability to generate a wealth of knowledgeabout a specific cell or tissue in a single experiment, even when the cellis rare in our bodies—as rare as one cell in a thousand, for example. Thiscapability has far-reaching implications for individualized medicine,allowing a tumor sample to be better characterized, thus enablingimproved and more rapid diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Flow cytometry is not an imaging discipline, adds Eades. “We don’tsee the cells.We count light signals …we are staggering the excitationlasers and emission of the fluorescence to see 30 colors at a time in ourlab, frommany cells at extremely high speeds—up to 30,000 cells persecond.” Eades notes that “we really need both methods of study for thecells: To be able to truly know we’re analyzing a cell requires imaging,and to be able to count very small proportions of cells rapidly requiresflow cytometry.”
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What of the future?
There are still challenges ahead in the effort to fine-tunemultiplexing. Schwartz is hopeful that more sensitive and specificdetection methods will evolve. “What we need are assays to detectand quantify as many markers as possible on a single tissue specimen,simply and at costs accessible to all researchers,” he says.
Instrument manufacturers are already developing more robust,powerful hardware. Martin observes a push to develop morefluorophores, which are needed for complex multiplexing. And whilethe software to analyze all this information is also pivoting towardimprovement, powerful algorithms steeped in artificial intelligence andmachine learning will play an even more valuable role in processingand interpreting the data.
It’s clear that the future of multiplexed cell analysis is exciting,bright, and bold. “Every field [of biosciences] can leverage multiplexingto better study heterogeneous cells,” says Martin, and multiplexingmakes scrutinizing heterogeneous samples much easier than othermethods. But the real payout is improving clinical assays, diagnostics,monitoring, and actual patient outcomes. “How do we democratize andstandardize these multiplexing techniques to the point that cliniciansand doctors can use them routinely?” he asks. The goal, says Martin,is “to have pathologists adopting these tools to better understandbiopsies and thereby disease progression,” so that swifter, moreaccurate treatment decisions can be made.
“We are laying the foundation for the future,” says Schwartz.“Complex, living tissue was the last type of sample to resist multiplexedassays, but now we are making headway and setting the stage for evenmore exciting discoveries.”
IMAGE:COMPLIM
ENTSOFCHROMATECHNOLOGYCORP.®
Produced by the Science/AAASCustom Publishing Office
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BLUE
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Visualizing FluorescenceExample: Imaging a green fluorophore
4) EMISSION FILTER:
5) DETECTOR:
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Blue 2) DICHROIC MIRROR:
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Organized byAnnSchwartzDrobnis,
ComputingCommunityConsortium,
Washington,DC
CATALYSTS FOR ENERGY STORAGE:
INSPIRED BYNATURE, BUILT BY
SCIENTISTS
Organized byWendyShawandAaronAppel,
PacifcNorthwestNational Laboratory,
Richland,WA
CLEAN AVIATION IN TOMORROW’S
WORLD
Organized byMichael Kyriakopoulos and
AndreaGentili, EuropeanCommission,
Brussels,Belgium
CONSTRUCTING AND PERCEIVING
BEAUTY
Organized byDaphneMaurer,McMaster
University,Hamilton,Canada
DETECTING LIFE AND
EXTRATERRESTRIALTECHNOLOGIES
Organized byAnthonyJ.Beasley,
National Radio Astronomy Observatory,
Charlottesville, VA
ENGINEERING BIOLOGYAND THE
PROMOTION OF COMMUNITY SECURITY
Organized byJeNrey Fortman,Engineering
BiologyResearchConsortium,Emeryville,CA
EXOPLANETS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CURRENT KNOWLEDGE
Organized byHeidi Hammel,Association
ofUniversities for Research inAstronomy,
Washington,DC
NEWAPPROACHES TO FAIRNESS IN
AUTOMATED DECISION MAKING
Organized bySampathKannan,University of
Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA;AnnSchwartz
Drobnis,ComputingCommunityConsortium,
Washington,DC
NEXT GENERATION COMPUTER
HARDWARE
Organized byAnnSchwartzDrobnis,
ComputingCommunityConsortium,
Washington,DC
SOLAR GEOENGINEERING RESEARCH
AROUND THE GLOBE
Organized byDavidKeith andMariia Belaia,
HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,MA
VIEWING TOMORROW’S EARTH FROM
SPACE AND SURFACE
OrganizedbyJackKaye,NationalAeronautics
andSpaceAdministration,Washington,DC
Future Earth Systems
ARCTIC INFLUENCES ON SEVERE
WINTERWEATHER
Organized byJamesOverland,National
Oceanic andAtmosphericAdministration,
Seattle,WA
CONVERGENT SCIENCE: COMBATING
AFRICA’SWILDLIFE CRISIS
OrganizedbyMaryAnnOttinger,University of
Houston,TX;MeredithGore,MichiganState
University,East Lansing,MI
ECOSYSTEMS’TRUE VALUE: EUROPEAN
EFFORTS TO MAP AND ACCOUNT FOR
NATURE
Organized byJosefnaEnfedaque,European
CommissionResearch and Innovation
Directorate-General,Brussels,Belgium;
JoachimMaes,EuropeanCommissionJoint
ResearchCentre,Geel,Belgium
ENVISIONING OCEAN CLIMATE
SOLUTIONS FOR THE NEXT
GENERATION
Organized byStephenPosner,University of
Vermont,Burlington,VT;HeatherMannix,
COMPASS,Silver Spring,MD
THE FUTURE OFWATER AND HUMAN
DECISIONDMAKING
Organized byRuby Leung,PacifcNorthwest
National Laboratory,Richland,WA;
GaryGeernaert,Department of Energy,
Germantown,MD
GEOSCIENCE LITERACYAND
COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
Organized byCathrynA.Manduca,Carleton
College,Northfeld,MN
THE GLOBALWATER CYCLE:
UNDERSTANDING TODAYAND
TOMORROW
OrganizedbyMichaelDettinger,UnitedStates
Geological Survey,CarsonCity,NV
GRASSLANDS AND SAVANNAS: HUMAN
IMPERATIVES AND BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION
Organized byMichael Hill,University ofNorth
Dakota,Farrer,Australia
IS THE COASTTOAST? CASCADIA
MEGADEARTHQUAKES, TSUNAMIS, AND
POTENTIAL IMPACTS
Organized byHaroldTobin andAlisonDuvall,
University ofWashington,Seattle,WA
MANAGINGWATER: NEWTOOLS FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Organized bySeraYoung,Northwestern
University,Evanston, IL
MARINE MAMMALHEATH
ASSESSMENTS: INFORMING
SCIENTISTS, POLICY, AND THE PUBLIC
Organized byStephenA.Raverty,British
ColumbiaMinistry ofAgriculture,Abbotsford,
Canada;Mike E.Grigg,National Institutes of
Health,Bethesda,MD
NATURE CONSERVATION AND
COMPUTATIONALTECHNOLOGIES:
EXPANDING THE SCALE
Organized byDaniel Rubenstein,Princeton
University,NJ;TanyaBerger-Wolf,University
of Illinois,Chicago, IL
NATURE REMADE: ENGINEERING LIFE
FROM THE PASTTO FUTUREWORLDS
Organized byChristianYoung,Alverno
College,Milwaukee,WI;Michael Dietrich,
University of Pittsburgh,PA
OCEAN OUTBREAKS ON A CHANGING
PLANET
Organized byC.DrewHarvell,Cornell
University, Ithaca,NY
THE REEF CRISIS IN EARTH’S FUTURE
Organized byJereH.Lipps,University of
California,Berkeley,CA
USING GEOSPATIAL DATATO LOWER
EMISSIONS
Organized byConradM.Albrecht and
SharathchandraPankanti, IBMResearch,
YorktownHeights,NY
7AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | February 13–16, 2020 | Seattle,Washington | #AAASmtg
WILDFIRE SMOKE AND PUBLIC HEALTH:
THE SCIENCE ATTHE NEXUS
Organized by IanGilmour,UnitedStates
Environmental ProtectionAgency,Research
Triangle Park,NC
Future Health Strategies
AN AGINGWORLD: PITFALLS AND
PROMISE
Organized byPhyllisMoen,University of
Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN
BEETHOVEN AT 250 AND THE SCIENCE
OFMUSIC: EMOTION, MEMORY, AND
HEALTH
Organized byDaniel Levitin,MinervaSchools,
San Francisco,CA
DIET FOR A SICK PLANET: REDUCING
EMISSIONS AND THE BURDEN OF
CHRONIC DISEASE
Organized by LydiaZepeda,University of
Wisconsin,Madison,Tacoma,WA; SeanB.
Cash,TuftsUniversity,Boston,MA
THE DRUG ABUSE CRISIS: KEY
FINDINGS FROM THREE LANDMARK
STUDIES
Organized by LindaTeplin,Northwestern
University,Chicago, IL
HEALTH DISPARITIES: THE
INTERSECTION OF PSYCHOLOGY,
HISTORY, LAW, AND MEDICINE
Organized by Sophie Trawalter and
Dayna Matthew, University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, VA
HUMAN EMBRYO RESEARCH
REVISITED: SCIENTIFIC, ETHICAL,
LEGAL, AND SOCIAL ISSUES
Organized byKenneth Evans,RiceUniversity,
Houston,TX
INFECTIOUS DISEASE FORECASTING:
MODELS AND MACHINE LEARNING
Organized byJohnDrake,University of
Georgia,Athens,GA
THE NEUROSCIENCE OFADDICTION:
POLICY CONSIDERATIONS
OrganizedbyMarinaPicciotto,YaleUniversity,
NewHaven,CT
SUPPORTING THEWHOLE STUDENT:
MENTAL HEALTH, SUBSTANCE ABUSE,
ANDWELLGBEING
Organized by LayneScherer,TheNational
Academies of Sciences,Engineering, and
Medicine,Washington,DC
TACKLING SOCIAL RISK FACTORS,
HEALTH, AND CARE
Organized byArleneS.Ash,University of
Massachusetts,Worcester,MA
TRACING HOWSCIENTIFIC
INFRASTRUCTURE ACCELERATES
DISCOVERY
Organized byElizabeth Lyons,National
Science Foundation,Alexandria,VA
TRANSFORMING GLOBALAND PUBLIC
HEALTH THROUGH NATURE
OrganizedbyUshaVaranasi,NationalOceanic
andAtmosphericAdministration,Seattle,
WA;Joshua Lawler,University ofWashington,
Seattle,WA
Future Societal Ethics
50TH ANNIVERSARYOFTHE VIETNAM
DRAFT: LESSONS FOR THE SCIENCES
Organized byTimJohnson,Willamette
University,Salem,OR
ETHICAL CONCERNSWITH ADVANCES
IN TECHNOLOGYAND GENETICS
OrganizedbySubrataSahaandPamelaSaha,
University ofWashington,Seattle,WA
THE CHANGING IDENTITY LANDSCAPE:
MULTIRACIAL, INTERSEX, &
TRANSGENDER PEOPLE
Organized bySusanGelman,University
ofMichigan,AnnArbor,MI; KristinaOlson,
University ofWashington,Seattle,WA
DEATH IN THE 21ST CENTURY: WHAT IS
LEFT BEHIND
Organized byRobertO’Malley,
AAAS,Washington,DC
ETHICAL ISSUES IN ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Organized byJosephHalpern,
Cornell University, Ithaca,NY
ETHICALRISKS OFVOICE TECHNOLOGY:
A SOCIOLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE
Organized byEmilyM.Bender,University of
Washington,Seattle,WA
ETHNOGRAPHY, OBSERVATION,
AND NATURAL HISTORY: TOOLS FOR
ETHICAL SCIENCE
Organized byMichelle Bezanson,SantaClara
University,SantaClara,CA
EVOLUTION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE:
HOWSCIENCE AND EVIDENCEGBASED
POLICY INTERACT
OrganizedbyTrishaChakraborty,Department
of Justice,Washington,DC
EVOLVING CONCEPTS OF SCIENTIFIC
INTEGRITYAND PRACTICE
Organized byJonathanCoopersmith,Texas
A&MUniversity,CollegeStation,TX
HOWCONGRESS USES SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY FOR POLICY: EMERGING
RESEARCH
Organized byKarenAkerlof,GeorgeMason
University, Fairfax,VA; ChrisTyler,University
College London,UnitedKingdom
IMMIGRATION, CRIME, AND JUSTICE: A
DATAGDRIVEN INVESTIGATION
Organized byWilliamPridemore,State
University ofNewYork,Albany,NY
IMPERILED CULTURAL HERITAGE:
MITIGATING THREATS, COGPRODUCING
KNOWLEDGE
Organized byAlyneDelaney,Aalborg
University,Denmark
IMPLICIT BIAS, EXPLICIT SCIENCE
Organized by Erin Heath,AAAS,
Washington, DC
LEARNING FROM PROTACTILE
DEAFBLIND COMMUNITIES: TOWARD A
MORE TACTILE FUTURE
Organized by Terra Edwards, Saint Louis
University,MO; Diane Brentari, University
of Chicago, IL
POLITICALANIMALS: BEHAVIOR,
KNOWLEDGE, REASON, AND
TOMORROW’S POLICYMAKING
Organized byDavidMair andMartonHajdu,
EuropeanCommissionJointResearchCenter,
Brussels,Belgium
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE: LESSONS
FOR THE LAW
Organized byNoraNewcombe,Temple
University,Philadelphia,PA
RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE:
SCIENCE, RELIGION, AND CULTURAL
PRACTICES
Organized byCurtis L.Baxter and Lilah
Sloane,AAAS,Washington,DC
USING DATAAND AI TO DISRUPT SEX
TRAFFICKING
Organized by Barbara Mack, National
Council of Juvenile and Family Court
Judges, Seattle,WA
The Future of Food
CROP DIVERSIFICATION: ENSURING A
SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL FOOD SUPPLY
Organized byRaulZornoza,Technical
University of Cartagena,Spain;Antoine
Messean,National Institute forAgricultural
Research,Thiverval-Grignon,France
FOOD OFTHE FUTURE: DEVELOPING
NEW, SUSTAINABLE, AND HEALTHY
SOURCES
Organized byJensWilkinson,RIKEN,
Saitama,Japan
FOOD SAFETY REGULATIONS:
CARCINOGENS AND THE RELEVANCE
OFTHE DELANEY CLAUSE
Organized byMansi Krishan,DanoneNorth
America, Louisville,CO; LisaNavarro,
Givaudan FlavorsCorporation,Cincinnati,OH
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE | aaas.org/meetings8
HERBICIDE RESISTANCE: CATALYZING
TRANSDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE
Organized byDavid Ervin,PortlandState
University,OR
IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY POLICIES:
INNOVATIVE AGRICULTURE AND
MARKETMONITORING
Organized by Felix Rembold,European
CommissionJoint ResearchCentre, Ispra,
Italy; Inbal Becker Reshef,University of
Maryland,CollegePark,MD
NOURISHING PEOPLE AND PLANET:
BUILDING A BETTER, BALANCED FOOD
SYSTEM FOR 2050
Organized byCatherineWoteki, IowaState
University,Ames, IA
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE:
LAUNCHING STANDARDIZED
MICROBIAL ECOSYSTEMS
Organized byTrentNorthen,Lawrence
BerkeleyNational Laboratory,Berkeley,CA;
JoHandelsman,University ofWisconsin-
Madison,WI
TOMORROW’S TABLE: PLANT GENETICS
AND THE FUTURE OF FOOD
Organized byPamRonald,University of
California,Davis,CA
USING COMPUTING TO SUSTAINABLY
FEED A GROWING POPULATION
Organized byShashi Shekhar,University of
Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN;JamesHodson,
AI forGoodFoundation,El Cerrito,CA
Transforming Future Learning
CITIZEN SCIENCE AND BIG DATA: FROM
ENGAGEMENTTO ACTION
Organized byJulia K.Parrish,University of
Washington,Seattle,WA
DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION:
RECOMMENDATIONS FROM PHYSICS
AND ASTRONOMY
Organized byArleneModeste-Knowles and
PhilipW.Hammer,American Institute of
Physics,CollegePark,MD
FINDING THE LOST EINSTEINS
Organized byMichael Feder,AAAS,
Washington,DC
INCLUSION IN THE ACADEMY:
EXPLORING IDENTITYAND EQUITY IN
THE STEM COMMUNITY
Organized by LinaDahlberg andRobin
Kodner,WesternWashingtonUniversity,
Bellingham,WA
INCLUSIVITYAND EQUITY IN COURSEL
BASED UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
EXPERIENCES
Organized byJeSreyOlimpo,University of
Texas at El Paso,TX
MENTORSHIP: TOWARD A CULTURE OF
EFFECTIVENESS AND INCLUSIVITY
Organized byMaria LundDahlberg,National
Academyof Sciences,Engineering, and
Medicine,Washington,DC
PUBLIC ENGAGEMENTAT
UNIVERSITIES: PATHWAYS FOR
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
Organized byJohnMeyer,University of
Washington,Seattle,WA; Emily Cloyd,AAAS,
Washington,DC
STEM RESEARCH EXPERIENCES FOR
HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Organized byRajaGuhaThakurta,University
of California,SantaCruz,CA;OrGraur,
Harvard-SmithsonianCenter
forAstrophysics,Cambridge,MA
STRENGTHENING SUSTAINABILITY
PROGRAMS AND CURRICULA IN
HIGHER EDUCATION
Organized by LidaBeninson,National
Academies of Sciences,Engineering, and
Medicine,Washington,DC
TRANSFORMING HIGHER EDUCATION
CULTURE: COORDINATING REFORM
WITH AGENTS OF CHANGE
Organized byBarbaraNatalizio,TheRita
Allen Foundation,Princeton,NJ; Erica
Kimmerling,AmericanAcademyofArts and
Sciences,Cambridge,MA
WOMEN IN STEMM: ADDRESSING
UNDERREPRESENTATION
Organized byAlexHelman andAshley
Bear,NationalAcademies of Sciences,
Engineering, andMedicine,Washington,DC
Urban Futures
BIOLOGICAL INVASION FORECASTING:
UNITING CLIMATE CHANGE,
TRANSPORT, AND TRADE
Organized byErinGrey,Governors State
University,University Park, IL; David Lodge,
Cornell University, Ithaca,NY
FACTORIES REIMAGINED: MAKING
INDUSTRIALWORK MORE APPEALING
Organized byErastos Filos,European
CommissionResearch and Innovation
Directorate,Brussels,Belgium; Eija Kaasinen,
VTTTechnical ResearchCentre of Finland
Ltd.,Tampere,Finland
NATURAL HISTORY COLLECTIONS AND
BIODIVERSITY’S FUTURE
Organized byKeeganSawyer andAudrey
Thevenon,NationalAcademies of Sciences,
Engineering, andMedicine,WashingtonDC
SMART NEW ENERGYVEHICLES AND
INTELLIGENTTRANSPORTATION
Organized byYingjunQiao,ChineseAcademy
of Engineering,Beijing,China
SOCIALLY INTEGRATIVE CITIES: PAVING
THEWAYTO URBAN SUSTAINABILITY
Organized byBernhardMüller, Leibniz
Institute of Ecological Urban andRegional
Development,Dresden,Germany
URBAN PAVING IS GOING PLACES
Organized byCesareSangiorgi,University
of Bologna, Italy; Ioannis Bitsios,European
CommissionResearch ExecutiveAgency,
Brussels,Belgium
URBAN RESILIENCE AND EMERGENCY
RESPONSE: THE CLIMATE CHANGE
PERSPECTIVE
Organized byJulie Dirwimmer,Fonds de
recherche duQuébec,Montréal,Canada
URBAN SUSTAINABILITY: SUPPORT
FROMARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
BIG EARTH DATA
Organized byDaniele Ehrlich,European
Commission, Ispra, Italy
AI-powered Ultrasound Diagnoses Pneumonia Faster, Better
than Experts
Biodiverse Soil Ecosystems: Infuencing Climate, Industry,
and Life
Building Resilient Communities During Times of High Risk
and Uncertainty
The Cancer Paradox: Mutational Secrets Hidden in the
Animal Kingdom
Communication, Preparation, and Response: The Efects
of Environmental Threats on Health and Behavior
Crop Mutation Application Under Climate Change Mitigates
Environmental Pollution
Discipline-based Education Research: Informing a More
Efective Undergraduate STEM Experience
The Future of Earth’s Ice: A Human Action Story
Gene Editing Goes Global
The Global Disinformation Index: Finding ThoseWho Corrupt
theWorld’s Information
How Decision-Support Technology Pumps Up a Sustainable
Groundwater Ecosystem
Iodide: A Primordial Antiperoxidant for Treating Trauma
Let’s talk! Bilingualism as One-Health Approach to Understand
Neurocognitive and Social Plasticity
Making Medicines Personal: Is It All in Your Genes?
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: It’s All in Your Head
Population Health Goals for Tomorrow’s Earth
Prevalent Plasticizers, Chemotherapeutic Agents, and
Disruptions to Embryo Development
Safe DrinkingWater for All: Spotting Bacterial Contamination
Stress, Sex, and In?ammation: Metabolic Mediators in
the Brain
Building A Responsive Network For Tomorrow’s Science
Communication Needs
Bull’s Eye: Developing SpeciUc Aims for a Successful
Research Proposal
Careers in State Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy
Citizens, Scientists, and Elections: How Scientists are
Engaging in 2020
Communications, Engagement and Advocacy: The Role of
Science in Decision-making
Crafting a Narrative for Your Post-academic Career
Envisioning the Global Professional: Uncovering Career
Opportunities Worldwide
Envisioning Tomorrow’s STEMWorkplace: Think Globally,
Act Locally
Envisioning Your Career of Tomorrow, Today
European Union Grants: Shake Up Your Research Abroad
Exploring Careers at National Laboratories
Exploring Diverse Avenues to a Career in Science Policy
Friends of the Science Pod: Podcasting, Outreach, and
Professional Networking
From the Bench to the Ballot: Scientists in Elected Ofce
The (Gross) Anatomy of Responding to Peer Review
Commentary
How to Make Compelling Outreach VideosWhen Your
Science Seems Dull
How Youth Can Contribute to the Sustainable
Development Goals
Impacting the Research Enterprise Through Careers in
Research Development
Learning to Manage and Mentor: Skills for Long-term Success
in Science
Make ‘em Laugh: Science Comedy to Ignite Curiosity and
Increase Self-conUdence
Navigating Difcult Situations in Public Science
Communication
OUT on the Job Search: Finding aWelcoming Environment
Science in the Public Arena: Informing Decision Makers in
High-ProUle Settings
Shaping STEM Policy without Changing Careers: Local
Government Opportunities
Strategies for Securing Philanthropic Funds in Science
and Health
Teaching Inclusively with Evidence-Based Strategies
WorkshopsOpportunities to gain advice and strategies fromexperienced STEMprofessionals
FlashTalks
Brief presentations highlighting scientific findings and programs
9AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | February 13–16, 2020 | Seattle,Washington | #AAASmtg
Advance registration rates are available now through January 24, 2020.
On-site registration rates will apply thereafter.
Advance Rates for
AAAS Member
for members in good standing
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Non-Member
for all other attendees
On-site Rates after
1/24/2020
AAASMember/Non-Member
General Attendee $310 $440 $380/480
Postdoc $135 $260 $135/280
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Student $65 $95 $75/105
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journalists, policymakers, educators, students,
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new products
25 OCTOBER 2019 • VOL 366 ISSUE 6464 523SCIENCE sciencemag.org/custom-publishing
LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES Produced by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office
Breath Sampler and Portable Air Supply
Owlstone Medical introduces the ReCIVA-
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Air Supply, designed to support internal
biomarker discovery programs and those
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measure levels of known volatile organic
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casing that connects directly to the ReCIVA Breath Sampler, the use of
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addition, we have implemented new software to monitor subject breath-
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EV Targeting Kit
The XStamp Pro Streptavidin EV Targeting Kit gives you virtually unlimited
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cloning and manipulation of the producer cells, which can be challenging,
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help researchers more quickly and easily create EVs that preferentially
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System Biosciences
For info: 888-266-5066
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Confocal Objectives
Molecular Devices announces water immersion objectives as a high-
performance customization for the ImageXpress Micro Confocal High-
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ages of whole organisms, thick tissues, 2D and 3D models, and cellular or
intracellular events. Molecular Devices can successfully tailor the system
to include customized software and hardware as well as integration of
other lab components, such as incubators, liquid handlers, and robotics.
Molecular Devices
For info: 800-635-5577
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Miniature Solenoid Valve
The genvi solenoid valve provides outstanding application versatility and
unmatched reliability at an economical price. One of the key objectives
in developing the genvi solenoid valve was to challenge the limitations
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gas applications. These valves are designed to provide response times
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therapy, and breath analyzers.
Lee Products
For info: +44-(0)-1753-886664
www.leeproducts.co.uk
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cell line development. The Cyto-Cellect Kit has been developed to provide
Cyto-Mine users with a convenient, standardized assay format for the
detection of secreted human antibodies in picodroplets. The sensitive,
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