L10 - NEW TECHNOLOGY : SUBSEA PROCESSING & BOOSTING
• SUBSEA MULTIPHASE PUMPING
• PARTIAL SUBSEA SEPARATION / PRESSURE BOOSTING SYSTEMS
• FULL SUBSEA SEPARATION
• SUBSEA GAS BOOSTING
• TEST AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS
• OTHER SEABED PROCESSES
• RECENT HEADLINE FIELD UTILISING NEW TECHNOLOGIES
Subsea Boosting, Why?
• Enhanced and faster production-Wellhead pressure draw-down -Compressor discharge pressure overcomes back-pressure and frictional losses
• Reduced OPEX
• Reduced CAPEX
• De-bottle-necking oil production
• Development and production of low pressure reservoirs
WHERE TO CARRY OUT SUBSEA BOOSTING OR PROCESSING?
1
2
3
1
2
4
MULTIPHASE PUMP
RISER BASE SYSTEM
PUMP OR GAS LIFTSUBSEA
SEPARATOR
EXISTING EXPORT
PIPELINE
GAS LIFT IN WELLS
DOWNHOLE PUMP
FPSO
PLATFORM HOSTPLATFORM HOST
In dummy well
At mud line
Well fluid
SMUBS - Subsea Multiphase Booster Station for Draugen field, AS Norske Shell
Drive fluid
Multi-Booster;A twin-screw Pumping Principle
Positive displacement by use of twin-screw or moyno pumps
∆p = f(1/∆V)
Subsea MultiBooster -Data below: for the as built Demo 2000
Possible duties:
• Multiphase boosting
• Wet gas compressor
Design Data DEMO 2000:
• Flow: 940 m3/h
• Diff. press: 40 bar
• Duty: Wet gas compression
Main Technical Features:
• Design press.: 250 barg
• Water depth: up to 1500m
Subsea Booster Projects
• Shell, Draugen(1 × 750 kW Water Turbine)
• Shell / Statoil, ELSMUBS(1 × Electric Motor 1 MW)
• Statoil, Lufeng(5 × Electric Motor 400kW)
• BP, ETAP(2 × 900 kW Water Turbine)
• Mobil, Topacio(2 × 860 kW Electric Motor)
• Norsk Hydro, Troll C Pilot(1+1 × 1.600 kW Electric Motor)
BP ETAPS FIELD
History of Subsea Processing
Category Projects Operators Year Technology Tie-back
Water depth
Zakum ADMA (Total Partner)
1970 Subsea separation w diver assist. 4 km 22 m
Highlander Texaco 1985 Subsea separation & pumping 0 km 128 m Argyll Hamilton Brothers 1988 Subsea separation BOET 0 km 120 m
Gas / Liquid separation
VASPS (Marimba)
Petrobras 2001 Separator & pumping in dummy well
1 km 395 m
HC / Water separation
Troll C Norsk Hydro (w Total)
2000 Gravity separator & WI pump 3 km 340 m
Draugen Shell 1994 1 MPP (turbine) Framo 6 km 270 m Lufeng Statoil 1997 5 booster pumps Framo 0 km 330 m Machar BP 1999 2 MPP (turbine) Framo Never installed on site Topaccio Exxon Mobil 1999 2 MPP Framo 8 km 500 m
Mudline pumps
Ceiba Hamerada Hess 2002 2 MPP Framo 7 km 750 m Lihua Amoco 1996 25 pumps 0 km 300 m Otter Total 2002 5 pumps 21 km 184 m
Downhole pumps
BOET SUBSEA SEPARATOR -INSTALLED ON ARGYLL FIELD AT ITS END OF LIFE
KBS - Kvaerner Booster Station Centrifugal Compressor Prototype
Technical:1200 hrs tests (submerged)
• Nuovo Pignone centrifugal compressor
• 8 stage• 850 kW• 16 000 rpm
• Maag epicyclic gear• Loher motor of
• 6.6 kV• 1800 rpm
Testing included operation as wet gas compressor
Sump
Sand Cyclone
Liquid Sump
Pump Motor
Separator Joints
Inlet Hdyrocyclone
Wellhead Fluids In
Gas Scrubber
Electric Power Supply
Gas Out
Oil Out
LIQUIDS OUT
GAS OUT
TANGENTIAL INLET
UPPER SECTION OF UNIT
VASP UNIT (Vertical Annular Subsea Separation)
Vertical Annular Subsea Separation( VASPS )
• THE FLUID FROM THE WELLS IS SEPARATED INTO A GAS AND LIQUID PHASES
• THE SEPARATED GAS NATURALLY FLOWS IN A DEDICATED LINE TO THE SURFACE FACILITIES UNDER ITS OWN PRESSURE
• THE LIQUID IS PUMPED OUT OF THE VASPS INTO A DEDICATED LINE BY AN ESP
TEST RESULTS FROM MARIMBA FIELD, BRAZIL
5
10
0
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
8 million
7 million
6 million
9 million
10 million
4 million
3 million
2 million
1 million
5 million
Produced GasBbl/day 1000’s OilScf/day
Pre VASPS With VASPS0
Gas Lift Gas
Note pre VASPS oil production of 35,000 bbls / day with gas Lift. After VASPS 44,000 bbl / day with no need for gas lift
TROLL PILOT - UPDATE
• Operational 17th May 2000
• Typical Performance - 23,900 bopd Multiphase Flow Separated into :-
- 16,350 bopd Oil- 7,550 bopd Water
• After June Water Injected using Injection Pump
• Quality of Separation Within Prescribed Limits
- About 144 ppm Oil in Water (design Max 1000 ppm)
• During Operation some 80% of the Water in the Oil Stream is Removed
• Late in 2000 the Equipment experienced some Mechanical Problems, this was notto do with the Fundamentals of the Process.
• Key Technology Areas
- Separator with Novel Inlet Device (semi-Cyclone) which reduces Momentum in theWellstream gradually such that it Prevents the Formation of small Droplets whichwould Reduce the Efficiency of the Separation Process.
- Control of the Oil / Water Interface. Monitoring based on Nucleonics and ElectricSensors Control the Speed of the Injection Pump.
UPRDATE - PHASE 2
• The connector problem took 10 months to fix.• In August 2001 the system was restarted and has works without problems since
then.• It is typically operating at up to 70,000 bopd input fluids, the separated water (60 to
80%) has an oil level of some 100 ppm.
Typical concept : Gravity Separation
To pipeline
12” headerWell fluid
PTLT
To water injectionwellsProduced water
injection pumps
3-phaseseparator
TT
Multiphase booster pump
PT PT
PTPTFT
Reference : Troll pilot outlet water cut less than 10%oil in water less than 700 ppm
SUBSEA POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
KING FIELD – GoM- DEEPWATER OIL BOOSTER PUMP
King is now one of three fields producing from the Marlin TLP and represents more than half of Marlin TLP production.
TORDIS FIELD SUBSEA SEPARATION BOOSTING & INJECTION
Layout of the Tordis improved oil recovery project
The Tordis discoveries have all been developed with subsea installations tied back to the Gullfaks C platform.
The subsea separation station is equipped with two multiphase flow meters.
LIR1 VLT1
CRA1 ORQ1
ROS2ROS3
ROS1JCT1
JAS1
JAS2GIR2
GIR1
DAL3
ANT1
TUL1
MAG1
CML1
ACA1
PLT1
GAL1 CRM1
ZNA1PRP1HOR1
VIOLETA
TULIPAANTURIO
LIRIO
CRAVO
ROSA2
ROSA1
ORQUIDEA
JASMIMGIRB DALIALOWER
DALIAUPPERCAMELIA
PLD1
BLOCK 4BLOCK 3
BLOCK 33 BLOCK 18
BLOCK 16
BLO
CK
32
120 000 140 000 160 000 180 000
DAL5DAL1 DAL4
DAL2
1000 800
6001200
400
1400
18001600
PERPETUA
UP-MIOC
KIAME
BLOCK 179 140 000
9 160 000
9 180 000
9 200 000
200 000 220 000
ACA1
ZNA1PRP1
HOR1
UP-MIOC
PERPETUA
HORTENSIAZINIA
ACACIA
20 km
PAZFLOR DEVELOPMENT - Block 17, AngolaFIELDS - HORTENSIA, PERPETUA, ZINIA & ACACIAWATER DEPTH - 650 – 1300m
Upper Miocene (Perpetua-1 : UM2)20°API, d=0,93,TAN=1.96 mg KOH/gGOR # 50 Sm3/Sm3
High viscosity (up to µ=500 cp at 20°C)Risks of calcium naphtenate, emulsions, foamingRisk of hydrate (no risk of paraffin)Water injection
Oligocene (Acacia-1 : O9)37°API, d=0,84, TAN=0.2 mg KOH/g.GOR # 250 Sm3/Sm3
Viscosity µ=20 cpRisk of sulphate of barium ==> desulphatation if Water InjectionRisk of hydrate and paraffinWater & Gas injection
Reservoir Burial Thickness Temp. Pressuredata (m) (m) (� ) (bara)Upper Miocene(UM1,UM2,UM3)O9 & O9w(Acacia)
1100 64 200
2000 110 350
10 ? 30
40 ? 60
NOTE – TWO TYPES OF OIL
UM Area - Overall field development – Production Network
MIOCENE OLIGOCENE
« Conventional » DevelopmentDual line production loop
XT XT XT XT
P 10
XT XT XT XT
P 20
P 30
XT
XT
XT
XT
XT XT
P 40
XT
XT XT
XT
XT
XT
XTXTXT
XT
XT
Subsea Gas/Liquid SeparationSingle production line
PAZFLOR DEVELOPMENT
There will be three subsea separation systems provided by FMC following the company's success on Tordis.