Dr Norris tries to explain the nervous systemhellip
The OLLI Version
Anatomy (Construction)
Physiology (Function)
CNS
PNS
OUT
IN
CNS PNS
Afferent (in coming)
Efferent (out going)
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Neuron
Neuron
Cell body AxonDendrites
Neuron
Direction of signal
Neuron
3 types of Neurons
Sensory Neuron
Association Neuron
Motor Neuron
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Anatomy (Construction)
Physiology (Function)
CNS
PNS
OUT
IN
CNS PNS
Afferent (in coming)
Efferent (out going)
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Neuron
Neuron
Cell body AxonDendrites
Neuron
Direction of signal
Neuron
3 types of Neurons
Sensory Neuron
Association Neuron
Motor Neuron
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
CNS
PNS
OUT
IN
CNS PNS
Afferent (in coming)
Efferent (out going)
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Neuron
Neuron
Cell body AxonDendrites
Neuron
Direction of signal
Neuron
3 types of Neurons
Sensory Neuron
Association Neuron
Motor Neuron
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
CNS PNS
Afferent (in coming)
Efferent (out going)
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Neuron
Neuron
Cell body AxonDendrites
Neuron
Direction of signal
Neuron
3 types of Neurons
Sensory Neuron
Association Neuron
Motor Neuron
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Neuron
Neuron
Cell body AxonDendrites
Neuron
Direction of signal
Neuron
3 types of Neurons
Sensory Neuron
Association Neuron
Motor Neuron
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Neuron
Neuron
Cell body AxonDendrites
Neuron
Direction of signal
Neuron
3 types of Neurons
Sensory Neuron
Association Neuron
Motor Neuron
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Neuron
Cell body AxonDendrites
Neuron
Direction of signal
Neuron
3 types of Neurons
Sensory Neuron
Association Neuron
Motor Neuron
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Neuron
Direction of signal
Neuron
3 types of Neurons
Sensory Neuron
Association Neuron
Motor Neuron
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Neuron
3 types of Neurons
Sensory Neuron
Association Neuron
Motor Neuron
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Sensory Neuron
Association Neuron
Motor Neuron
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Association Neuron
Motor Neuron
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Motor Neuron
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Sensor
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
EffectorPeripheral nervous
system (PNS)Central nervous
system (CNS)
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Nervous Systems
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Nerve net
A little more concentration
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
The vertebrate way
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
A Physiology (Function)
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
The Action Potential
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Cell Membrane
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Membrane with gates
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Microelectrode
Referenceelectrode
Voltagerecorder
ndash70 mV
Electrical potential across the membrane
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Resting State
Cell membrane neuron
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Potassiumchannel
Plasma membrane
Na+
Inactivationgate
Activationgates
Sodiumchannel K+
Resting State
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Na+
K+
Na+
Depolarization
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Na+
K+
Na+
Rising phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Na+
K+
Na+
Falling phase of the action potential
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
An action potential is propagated
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
The Action Potential
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Vertebrate Neuron
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)
Myelinsheath
Axon
Action potential propagation down the axon
Saltatory conduction
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
VertebrateInvertebrate
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential
Saltatory conduction
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Escape Neurons or Giant axons
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Earthworm in cross-section
Nerve cord
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Earthworm nerve cord
Giant escape axons
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Myelinated neuron
Schwann cells
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Multiple sclerosis
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel
Ca2+
Postsynaptic membrane
Ligand-gatedion channels
Synaptic cleft
Action potential
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Postsynaptic membrane
Neuro-transmitter
Ligand-gatedion channel
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Major Neurotransmitters
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Muscle Contraction
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Ca2+
Stopping the signal
eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Playing with neurotransmitters
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
NeurotransmittersPrecursor
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Neurotransmitter Mimic
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Adding a little extra
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Playing with neurotransmitters
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Pesticides
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Transmission that doesnrsquot stop
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED
May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies
PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants
Dursban material safety sheet
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Integration
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Major Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Stimulate action potential at site of application
Inhibit action potential at site of application
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location
Na+
Action potential
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward
K+
Na+
Action potentialK+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon
K+
InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Never this simple
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
More like this
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
The big picture
Excitatory
Inhibitory
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
To fire or not to fire
Axon hillock
Axon hillock
All or nothing
Axon hillock
All or nothing