Diabetes Mellitus as a health problem in Sri Lanka
SubtopicsIntroductionTypes of Diabetes MellitusCausesComplicationsGlobal effect of Diabetes MellitusEffect of Diabetes in Sri LankaPreventionConclusion
Introduction Diabetes Mellitus is a group of
metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood glucose level, either because the body does not produce enough insulin or cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced.
Types of Diabetes MellitusType 1 Diabetes Mellitus
◦ Was previously called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes.
◦ It develops when the body's immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells.
◦ This form of diabetes usually strikes children and young adults.
◦ Type 1 diabetes may be autoimmune, genetic, or environmental.
◦ 10% or less of the total number of people with diabetes are suffering from type 1.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus◦Was previously called non-insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes.
◦ In adults, type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes.
◦Usually begins as insulin resistance, a disorder in which the cells do not use insulin properly.
◦ As the need for insulin rises, the pancreas gradually loses its ability to produce insulin.
◦ It is associated with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, physical inactivity, and race/ethnicity.
CausesGenetic defects of β-cell FunctionGenetic defects in insulin processing or
insulin actionExocrine Pancreatic Defects
◦ Chronic pancreatitis◦ Pancreatectomy◦ Pancreatic neoplasia◦ Hemochromatosis
Drugs◦ Glucocorticoids◦ Thyroid hormone◦ β-adrenergic agonists
Causes Cont….Endocrinopathies
◦ Growth hormone excess (acromegaly)◦ Cushing syndrome◦ Hyperthyroidism◦ Pheochromocytoma◦ Glucagonoma
ComplicationsDiabetic ketoacidosisHypoglycemiaDiabetic comaCataractAmputationDiabatic NeuropathyHyper osmolar non ketotic coma
Global effect of Diabetes Mellitus346 million people worldwide have
diabetes.More than 80% of people with diabetes live
in low- and middle-income countries.WHO projects that diabetes deaths will
double between 2005 and 2030.
Effect of Diabetes in Sri lankaIn Sri lanka The latest figures about
diabetes prevalence (2005/2006) indicate a double-digit prevalence in the urban sector 16.4% and 8.7% in the rural sector.
This poses a great need to increase the awareness of the condition in the general population.
As a developing country in Asia the prevalence in Sri Lanka is similar to that of India and is part of the epidemic.
Latest FiguresA Cross –sectional study conducted between
2005 and 2006,◦ Prevalence of pre-diabetes in urban and rural population
was 11.5%
◦Standardized prevalence for Sri Lankans aged ≥20 years – 10.3%
◦Change in the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Sri Lanka (1987 to 2006)
Prevention
Prevention
Pharmacological
Oral glycemic tablets Insulin therapy
Non pharmacological
Dietary management Exercise
Why Diabetes is a problem to a developing country like Sri Lanka?
Increasing number of patients put forward an unnecessary burden to the free health system in Sri Lanka.
Diabetes is incurable so life long treatment should be given.
Due to the high amount of complications (Amputation , Cataracts etc.) the government should have to treat them additional to diabetes.
The government must bare extra capital on awareness programs, clinics etc.
Diabetes can be genetically transmitted, so the future generations also are affected.
The Diabetic patient will face social and economical problems.
Cont…
Did you know?
There is NO CURE for diabetes Globally, 7 million people will develop diabetes each year Every 10 seconds 2 people develop diabetes More young persons are at rise Upto 50% of all person with diabetes are unaware of their
condition Every 10 seconds a person dies due to diabetes-related
causes There is a reduction of life expectancy of 5-10 years 50% of persons with diabetes die of cardio vascular disease,
heart and strokes. Diabetes in the developed world is ranked as the leading cause
of blindness, renal failure and lower limb amputations. It has been estimated that between 5-10% of the total
healthcare spending of the world is spent on diabetes related conditions.
Special thanks to,
Dr. Champa Wijewikrama
Our group members◦HGY Nisshanka◦PDP Nisansala◦DGV Nisansala◦PVGN Nirman
Thank YouLIG