B ファクトリーの成果と Super-B
Jan.19, 2005 @京都大学山内正則
KEK
Note: Af = 0 (Bf ) = (Bf ) direct CP violation.
CP violation in CP violation in B BB B system system00
Af =
Sf =
| f |2 1
| f |2 1
| f |2 1
2Im( f )
f ≡eiM
A( Bf )A( Bf )
Standard model predictions
f
CKM quark mixing matrix
Unitarity
Unitarity triangle
1≡arg( )VtbVtd
VcbVcd
2≡arg( )
VtbVtd
VubVud
*
*
*
*
TheTheii’s and CKM matrix’s and CKM matrix
Af and Sf
Large data sample
Principle of the measurementPrinciple of the measurement
(BfCP;t ) can be measured.
1550 events
Old result of Old result of sin2sin211
41.8 fb-1
6 bccs decay modes
(BJ/KS, J/KL etc.)
Sccs = sin21
= 0.82±0.12±0.05
|ccs| = 1.01 (stat.)
i.e., Accs is consistent with 0.
0.080.07
(Belle, Feb. 2002, hep-ex/0205020)
KEKB ColliderKEKB Collider
~1 km in diameter
Mt. Tsukuba
KEKBBelle
8 GeV e8 GeV e-- x 3.5 GeV e x 3.5 GeV e++
@ 1.2A x 1.6A@ 1.2A x 1.6ALLpeakpeak = 1.39 x 10 = 1.39 x 1034 34 secsec-1-1cmcm-2 -2
11mrad crossing
~287 fb-1275M BB253 fb-1 on Y(4S)
28 fb-1 below Y(4S)
-
Continuous InjectionContinuous Injection[CERN courier Jan/Feb 2004]No need to stop run
Always at ~max. currents, luminosity~30% more L dt
both KEKB & PEP-II
HER current
LER current
continuous injection (new)normal injection (old)
Luminosity
0 12 24Time
~1 fb-1/day ! (~1x106 BB)-
Belle CollaborationBelle Collaboration
Aomori U.BINPChiba U.Chuo U.U. of CincinnatiFrankfurt U.Gyeongsang Nat’l U.Hiroshima Tech.IHEP, BeijingITEPKanagawa U.KEKKorea U.Krakow Inst. of Nucl. Phys.Kyoto U.Kyungpook National U.U. of LausanneJozef Stefan Inst.
U. of MariborU. of MelbourneNagoya U.Nara Women’s U.National Central U.Nat’l Kaoshiung Normal U.Nat’l Lien-Ho Inst. of Tech.Nat’l Taiwan U.Nihon Dental CollegeNiigata U.Osaka U.Osaka City U.Panjab U.Peking U.Princeton U.RikenSaga U.USTC
Seoul National U.Sungkyunkwan U.U. of SydneyTata InstituteToho U.Tohoku U.Tohuku Gakuin U.U. of TokyoTokyo Inst. of Tech.Tokyo Metropolitan U.Tokyo U. of A and T.Toyama Nat’l CollegeU. of TsukubaUtkal U.IHEP, ViennaVPIYokkaichi U.Yonsei U.
/ KL detection 14/15 lyr. RPC+Fe
Tracking + dE/dx small cell + He/C2H5
CsI(Tl) 16X0
Aerogel Cherenkov cnt. n=1.015~1.030
Si vtx. det. 3 lyr. DSSD
TOF counter
SC solenoid1.5T
Belle DetectorBelle Detector
8GeV e
3.5GeV e
Sub decay modesSub decay modes
J/
+-
=9.6MeV/c2
J/e+e-()
=10.7MeV/c2
Mll (GeV/c2) ’+-,e+e-
=12.1 MeV/c2
’
Mll (GeV/c2
)
c
1
c
2
Mll-Mll (GeV/c2)
c1,c2J/+
=7.0 MeV/c2
M(KS+-) (GeV/c2)
M=4.1 MeV/c2
M(KS00) (GeV/c2)
M=9.3 MeV/c2
in inclusive J/ events
0
sin21: charmonium K0 sin21: charmonium K0
BABAR PUB-04/038
bkg
Update for ICHEP04
sin 2 0 722 0.040 0.023/ 0.950 0.031 0.013
.A A
0( ) (CP odd) modesScc K
1205 on peak or 227 pairs7730 CP events (tagged signal)
fb M BB 1140 on peak or 152 pairs4347 CP events (tagged signal)
fb M BB
sin 2 0 728 0.056 0.023/ 1.007 0.041 0.033
.A A
BBelleelle20032003BBelleelle20032003BBAABBARARBBAABBARAR
0
0
( ) +( )
S
L
cc Kcc K
Belle CONF-0436
Current Results for sin21Current Results for sin21
sin21 (2004 World Av.)
= 0.726±0.037[LP2003: 0.736 ±0.049]
Good SM reference
precision measurement
(~5%)
B0 + CPV ResultB0 + CPV Result
A = +0.58 0.15(stat) 0.07(syst)S = 1.00 0.21(stat) 0.07(syst)
S
A
t (ps)
Direct CPV3.2
[PRL93,021801 (2004)]
good tag
152M BB
History of A and SHistory of A and S
227MBBNew
Belle
BaBarDifference at ~3.1 level
(was ~2.2)
B0 + TCPV
Direct CPV: B Direct CPV: B
Penguin d
b
d
s/d
u
u
W
B0d -
+
Vus/d
Vub
Tree
• Simplest charmless rare decay modes• Tree - Penguin interference Direct CP Violation
Key prediction of Kobayashi-Maskawa model
Key prediction of Kobayashi-Maskawa model
Strong support of KM
_ _ (B f ) (B f ) _ _ (B f ) (B f )
ACP =
B0d
d
b
du
u
W
g +
-
Vts/dVtb
ts/d
Observation in B
ACP(B0 K)ACP(B0 K)
2nd Evidence for DCPV at Belle ! [A() 3.2]
ACP = -0.101 0.025 0.005 [PID efficiency bias correction: A = -0.01 0.004]
274M BB New
3.9 significance[submitted to PRL]
B0 K _B0 K
Signal: 2139 53
0
0
BB K
K
0.133 0.030 0.009 CPA
Signal (227 pairs): 1606 51M BB hep-ex/0408057, submitted to PRL
BBAABBARARBBAABBARAR
Average of Belle and BaBar
0.114 0.020 CPA
4.2
> 5
ACP(B0 K)ACP(B0 K)
First established Direct CPV in B decays !
227M BB
ACP(B K)ACP(B K)
ACP(K) = 0.04 0.05 0.02
274M BB New
K: 728 53
Large EW penguin (Z0) ? New Physics ?
_d
d
K
u u
B sb
Average 0.049 0.040 CPA hint that ACP(K) ACP(K) ? (3.6)
0.06 0.06 0.06 (BaBar, 227M)
New physics Search :New physics Search :
b
dsd
X ss
KS
b
dsd
t ss
KS
_B0 +
b sqq b sqq--
“sin21”= 0.96 0.51
B0 Ks
3.5 deviation from the SM !Belle @LP03
68 ev
B0 K0B0 K0
Similar to J/KL recon.+ sophisticated continuum suppression
includes Ks (Nsig=13 5)
KS
Nsig=139 14purity 0.63
pB*
Nsig= 36 15
KL
purity 0.17
274M BB
B0 K0 : CPV ResultB0 K0 : CPV Result
K0
KS + KL
: S (K0) = +0.06 0.33 0.09
A (K0) = +0.08 0.22 0.09 ~2.2 away from SM
KS + KL
: S (K0) = +0.06 0.33 0.09
A (K0) = +0.08 0.22 0.09 ~2.2 away from SM
Good tags
Poor tags
S = 0.736fit Good tags
274M BB
S = +0.65 0.18 0.04 A = 0.19 0.11 0.05
B0’KSB0’KS
’KS
Nsig=512 27purity 0.61
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
Good tags
S = 0.736fit
high statistics modes
’
( , )
274M BB
0
0
0 27 0.14 0.03
0 21 0.10 0 03S
S
CP K
K
S .
C . .
sin 2 [ ]@3.0cc
0 0 SB K0 0 SB K Signal: 819 38
BBAABBARARBBAABBARAR
208 pairs M BB 208 pairs M BB
0
0
0 0 0
,,
,SK
(~0.5@SM)
Averages for sin2 and s-penguin modes
3.6s from s-penguin to sin2b
(cc)
No sign of Direct CP in averages
Radiative & EW PenguinsRadiative & EW Penguins
EW
~1/100
Loops Sensitive to New Physics
K* TCPV
Br, ACP ~SM
b s penguin
b sl+l penguin
b d penguin
l+
l
B K(*) l+lB K(*) l+l
79 10signals
82 11signals
[Belle-conf-0415]
B (Kll)= (5.50 0.27 0.02)
274M BB
0.750.70
B (K*ll)= (16.5 0.9 0.4 )2.32.2
>10 signalsupdate
LP03: B Xsll, K(*)ll : first observed by Belle, confirmed by BaBar Br, ACP ~SM
x 10-7
B K* l+l:FB Asymmetry B K* l+l:FB Asymmetry
( / 2) ( / 2)
( / 2) ( / 2)Bl Bl
FB
Bl Bl
A
AFB(K*ll ) : very sensitive to NP
that may not be seen in B(bs
First Look ![Belle-conf-0415]
274M BB
raw AFB
K*
q2
q2
Discovery of CPV in B decays
Study of NP effect in B and decays
Identification of SUSY breaking mechanism
time or
integrated luminosity
Yes!!
sin21, CPV in B,3, Vub, Vcb, bs,bsll, new states etc.
AnomalousCPV in bsss
NP discoveredat LHC(2010?)
Now340 fb-1
if NP=SUSY
Road Map of B Physics
Precise test of SMand search for NP
Physics Program at Super-B
Global Analysis of Global Analysis of B PhysicsB Physics
(Study of New Physics Scenario)(Study of New Physics Scenario)
New CPV phaseNew CPV phase0 0, ,...B K K
* , SB K X
FCNC decaysFCNC decays
(*) , SB K X SB X
LFV decaysLFV decays
, B (*)B D
Higgs SearchHiggs Search
Precision CKMPrecision CKM0
1sin 2 ( / )B J K
2sin 2 ( , , )B
3 ( )B DK
( ) ( )| | ( )ub cb u cV B X
Investigating SUSY in flavor physics• MSSM parameters > 100 !• The squark/slepton mass matrix
– Sensitive to SUSY breaking mechanism. – New sources of flavor mixing
2q ij
m
211m 2
12m 213m
221m 2
22m 223m
231m 2
32m 233m
Baryon asymmetry ?
Mass+mixing angle+phase
iq jqiq jq
2q 23(13)(m )
Physics at Super-B = SUSY Flavor PhysicsIts importance is independent of LHC results.
(VCKM could not be pin down only with energy frontier)
Off-diagonal termsFlavor Physics Luminosity frontier
Diagonal terms:LHC/ILC Energy frontier
Super-KEKB
Crab cavity
Super-KEKB(major upgrade)
1.4x1034
280 fb-1
5x1034
1 ab-1
5x1035
10 ab-1
Lpeak (cm-2s-1)Lint
Projection ofKEKB luminosity
Taget Luminosity5x1035 cm-2s-1
5x109 BB/year !!
& also +-
Expected Precision
Mode S error Signif.K0 0.079 4.9
’K0 0.049 6.4
K+K-
K0
0.056 3.5
S theory errorK0: ~0.05h’K0: ~0.10
Statistical significance w/ the present central value
K0 (input S=+0.24)
Expectation at 5ab-1
J/ KS0
Bd- unitarity
m(Bs) B->Ks B->Ms indirect CP
b->s direct CP
mSUGRA- - - - - +
SU(5)SUSY GUT + R
(degenerate)
- + + - + -
SU(5)SUSY GUT + R
(non-degenerate)
- - + ++ +++
U(2) Flavor symmetry + + + ++ ++ ++
Unitarity triangle Rare decay Y.Okada
Pattern of the deviation from the SM prediction
++: Large, +: sizable, -: small
Acp(BKs) vs SUSY models
mSUGURAtan=30
U(2)tan=30
SU(5)+R
tan=30degenerate
SU(5)+R
tan=30non-degenerate
( )gm GeV
Acp
mix
5ab-1
50ab-1
280fb-1
Acp が比較的小さければ早期にズレははっきりする。その場合、 M(gluino)~500GeV を示唆する。
Acp(BXs) vs SUSY models
mSUGURAtan=30
U(2)tan=30
SU(5)+R
tan=30degenerate
SU(5)+R
tan=30non-degenerate
( )gm GeV
mSUGURAtan=30
U(2)tan=30
SU(5)+R
tan=30degenerate
SU(5)+R
tan=30non-degenerate
( )gm GeV
Mixing CPVDirect CPV
Acp
dir
Acp
mix
5ab-1 50ab-1
5ab-1 では M(gluino)=1TeV, 50ab-1 では 2TeV まで攻める。
FB asymmetry in bsl+l-
• Sensitive probe for NP (theoretically clean)
*10 9 7( ( ) ( ) )eff
FBA C sC s r s C
B
B
NP10C
NP9C
Br(BXs), 0+(BK*)
7C <0
Bound from present Br(Xsl+l-) SUSY Scan (MFV)
SM(0,0)
12
3
1
2
3
SMFBA
s
FB asymmetry in bsl+l- (cont’d)• Present status (250fb-1)
• At Super-B
MC (5ab-1) MC (50ab-1)
Identify rough pattern (sign flip bet. low q2/high q2)
C9~10%, C10~14%まで制限可能
どこで Zero-cross するか?
PID ( / )も重要。Branching fraction の dilepton mass 分布の測定も有効。
Full reconstruction• 片側の B 中間子を完全再構成して反対側の B 崩壊を tag する。• 特に、を含む崩壊の精密測定や探索に威力。 e+e- B factory でのみ
可能。
e+(3.5GeV)
Interesting decays•B → ul•B → •B → D•etcfull tagging
e- (8GeV) Υ(4S)
B
B
“オフライン B中間子ビーム”運動量、電荷、フレーバー既知
• B D: 12 observation at 5 ab-1.
• BK: 5 observation at 50ab-1.
Charged Higgs 探索• B(leptonic decay)
2tanM m
( )tan cotb c um m
b
u H/W
tanm
2 2 2 22
2( ) 1
8F B B
bB
Hu
G m m f mB V
mr
22
21 tan B
H
H
mr
m
Present status
Charged Higgs 探索• BD(semileptonic decay)
cb
H/W
( )tan cotb c um m
tanm
( )
( )
B D vB
B D v
バンド幅: Form-factor による不定性
• Signal large missing mass• Expected at 5ab-1
Mode Nsig Nbkg dB/B
280 550 7.9%
620 3600
0 ( )D
0 ( )D h
Sensitivity for charged Higgs
(Fo
rm-f
acto
r) ~
5%
(For
m-facto
r) ~15
% 現
状
BD
現在の B による制限
BXs による制限
LHC100fb-1
LHC との先陣争い。
(form-factor) は現在の BDで測定可能
Lepton Flavor Violation
Tau lepton• The heaviest lepton
• 3rd generation
B-factory = “Tau-factory”• () ~ (BB)• 5x109 pairs at 5ab-1
LFV in neutrino sector already seen (at maximal
mixing).
⇒LFV in charged leptons ?
LFV in neutrino sector already seen (at maximal
mixing).
⇒LFV in charged leptons ?
Enhancement in the rateex.) Br()~104-5 x Br(e)
Rare decay sensitivity at O(10-9)
Both 32()/31(e) transition can be explored ⇒slepton flavor structure.
Belle ()
measurements• Present Belle results (86fb-1, 7.9x107 t-pairs)
– Br() < 3.1 x 10-7 (90%CL)– Br(e) < 3.8 x 10-7 (90%CL)
Expected signal distribution
Background
Mis-id ()
generic
Escape from missing mass cut
Improvement• Analysis (selection criteria, cut analysis likelihood analysis)• Particle ID (better rejection of fake)• energy resolution
Tau LFV search (pastfuture)
First result
600/fb at B-factory
Expected sensitivity for →
Simple extrapolationfrom the present
w/ improvement
Search region enters into O(10-810-9)
Extrapolationw/ improvement
l
l’
3l
l Ks
B
• SUSY + Seasaw– Flavor violation by -Yukawa coupling.– Large LFV
/e
Br()=O(10-7~9) ( )e
0
( )e2
23(13)l(m ) 2
32
4
262
( a101
) t nL
L
SUSY
BTeV
m
mr
m
Similar for e case
0tanβ=30,A =0,μ>0Gaugino mass = 200GeV
Present Belle Super-B 探索可能な領域 (max. ) 2
32Lm
in SUSY GUT
2 3
R L
i(φ -φ )2 2d l23 23
m m e
SU(5) GUT+RSquark/slepton mass matrix relation
Correlation to Acpmix(BXs) and Acp
mix(BKs)
These correlations provides non-trivial test of SUSY GUT
gm
0m
CKM fit• Determine () only by tree
processes (SM dominant).
– |Vub| from bul
– 3 from BDK
• Compare it with () determined through
– |Vtd| from BB mixing, i.e. Md
– 1 from BJ/KS
• This gives M12=M12SM+M12
NP
3 from BDK 1 from BJ/KS
|Vub| |Vtd|
UT at Super-B
5 ab-1 50 ab-11
3
sin 2 0.019
( ) 0.011 0.026
| | 5.8%
4
B d
ub
f B
V
1
3
sin 2 0.014
( ) 0.005 0.015
| | 4.4%
1.2
B d
ub
f B
V
Vub & 3
sin21 & md
Vub & 3
sin21 & md
UT vs SUSY models
3 (degree)
m(Bs)/m(Bd)
mSUGRAtan=30
U(2)tan=30
SU(5)+R
tan=30degenerate
SU(5)+R
tan=30non-degenerate
5ab-1
50ab-1
Summary-1• New CPV phase の発見可能性
– 中心値による– 5ab-1 で可能( 2012 年頃?)– Bsss 平均については 1ab-1 でも可( 2007 年)
KS
K+K-KS
bsss
’KS
K*
“ ずれ” >5 となる領域 1ab-1 5ab-1 50ab-1
S
SM
Summary-22005 2010 2015
Acp<0 or 小 なら早期発見もありうる。M(gluino)~500GeV を示唆 2TeV まで可能。
1ab-1 5ab-1 10ab-1
50ab-1 へKEKBSuper-KEKB
Charged HiggsBD
発見の可能性はある( tan 大)。LHC が 100fb-1 貯める前に逃げ切る。
Discovery phase Investigation phase
LHC
New CPV phase
bsss Ks, ’Ks
決着claim
K*
LFVl,l.lll ~5x10-8 ~1x10-8 ~5x10-9
発見の可能性大。発見なら精密測定を目指す(検出器改良)。
確認
SU(5), mSUGRA?Study of NP scenario
Global B Analysis
MSUSY 小 MSUSY 大見つからない?
Discovery:
Super-B は、ループ効果による新粒子探索のフロンティア New Physics の間接発見をできる可能性は十分にある。
Discovery:
Super-B は、ループ効果による新粒子探索のフロンティア New Physics の間接発見をできる可能性は十分にある。
結論
Investigation:
Super-B で、種々のフレーバー遷移過程を測定することによって、 New Physics scenario の検証が可能。
Investigation:
Super-B で、種々のフレーバー遷移過程を測定することによって、 New Physics scenario の検証が可能。
2009 年前後に Super-B へのアップグレードを行えば、上記のような研究を LHC 実験と同時期にできる。2009 年前後に Super-B へのアップグレードを行えば、上記のような研究を LHC 実験と同時期にできる。
Super-B の物理の重要性は LHC/ILC と補完的。 LHC でSUSY が見つからない(或いは重い)場合、 Super-B の物理はさらに重要。
FCNC + LFV
Super-B の物理の重要性は LHC/ILC と補完的。 LHC でSUSY が見つからない(或いは重い)場合、 Super-B の物理はさらに重要。
FCNC + LFV
Interaction regionCrab crossing = 30 mrady* = 3 mmNew QCS
Super-KEKB upgrades
New beam pipe
Damping ring
More rf power
LOI (Jan 04) for SuperKEKB [http://belle.kek.jp/superb/]
Ante-chamber & solenoid coils for reduction of electron cloud
Linac upgrade
2004 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
KEKB SuperKEKB1000fb-1
Calendar year
Crab cavity
KEKBmachine
SuperKEKB const.
J-PARC 1 construction ILC constructionConstruct.fund
“Minor” upgrade “Major” upgradeBelle
Operationfund
T2K
HEP Scenario in Japan
Possible Timeline for Super PEP Program
LOI
Construct upgrades for
L = 5-7x1035
-1~10 ab / yrLdt
Super-B Progra
m
CDR
Installation
R&D, Design, Proposals and
Approvals
P5
Construction
2001 2003 2010200820062005
Planned PEP-II Program
-1140 f bLdt -1500 f bLdt -1~1 2 abLdt
(June 30, 2003) (End 2006) (PEP-II ultimate)
Commission
2012
Super B Operation
2011
結論とまとめ結論とまとめ BB ファクトリーはこれまで...ファクトリーはこれまで...
BB 中間子における中間子における CPVCPV の発見、精密測定の発見、精密測定 ユニタリティ三角形の決定ユニタリティ三角形の決定 直接的直接的 CPVCPV の発見の発見 bbsペンギンにおける異常sペンギンにおける異常 CPVCPV :新しい物理?:新しい物理? 新しい共鳴の発見、4新しい共鳴の発見、4 -quark-quark ?? BB の稀崩壊の系統的研究の稀崩壊の系統的研究
この延長としてこの延長として Super-BSuper-B を提案を提案 異常異常 CPVCPV の確立と精密測定の確立と精密測定 bb ssllll などの測定によるループの直接測定などの測定によるループの直接測定 CKMCKM の精密な決定の精密な決定 LFVLFV 、、 HH±± の探索の探索
...などによって、新しいフレーバー混合と ...などによって、新しいフレーバー混合と CPVCPVを解明を解明
SLACSLAC と協調し、新たな実験グループの創設へと協調し、新たな実験グループの創設へ ILCILC と干渉しない国内計画として適正規模と干渉しない国内計画として適正規模