12AInterpret relationships (predation, parasitism,
commensalism, mutualism, competition) among organisms
An organisms role in its environment…
• An organisms habitat is the area where it lives.
• In any environment, every species fills a unique niche.
• A niche includes the conditions and resources a species’ needs for survival and how it obtains these resources.
Relationships between Organisms
COM
PETI
TIO
N THE DEMAND BY TWO OR MORE ORGANISMS FOR LIMITED RESOURCES
SUCH AS FOOD, WATER OR SHELTER
PRED
ATIO
N INTERACTION IN WHICH ONE ORGANISM CAPTURES AND FEEDS
ON ANOTHER ORGANISM
PREDATOR•LION• THE ORGANISM
CAPTURING AND FEEDING ON ANOTHER ORGANISM (THE PREY)
PREY•HIPPO• ORGANISM
BEING EATEN
PARA
SITI
SMSYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH ONE
ORGANISM LIVES IN OR ON ANOTHER ORGANISM & CAUSES IT HARM
PARASITE•TICK• ORGANISM
LIVING IN OR ON ANOTHER ORGANISM CAUSING IT HARM
HOST•DOG• ORGANISM
BEING HARMED BY PARASITE
COM
MEN
SALI
SM SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH ONE ORGANISM BENEFITS & ANOTHER
ORGANISM IS NEITHER HARMED NOR BENEFITS
Whale & Barnacle
Egrets & Cattle
MU
TUAL
ISM SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH
BOTH ORGANISMS BENEFIT
Clown Fish & Anemone
12CAnalyze the flow of matter & E
through trophic levels using various models (food webs, food chains, and ecological
pyramids).
AUTOTROPH• aka PRODUCER • an organism that captures E from
sunlight or chemicals & use it to produce its own food
ex: most plants
HETEROTROPH• aka CONSUMER • an organism that obtains E from the
food it consumesex: humans, snakes, rhino, jaguar
PRIMARY CONSUMER
SECONDARY CONSUMER
TERTIARY CONSUMER
QUATERNARY CONSUMER
HERBIVORE• Organism that obtains E from eating
plants
OMNIVORE• Organism that obtains E by eating
both plants & animals
CARNIVORE• Organism that obtains E by eating
animals
DETRITIVORE• aka DECOMPOSER• Organism that feeds on dead plant &
animal material & other dead matter
SCAVENGER• Animals that eat dead animalsEx: Vultures, Tasmanian devils
FOOD CHAIN • the sequence of who eats whom in a
biological community (an ecosystem) to obtain nutrition. • starts with the primary energy
source• Ends with the top predator
FOOD CHAINQuaternary consumer
Tertiary consumer
Secondary consumer
Primary consumerProducer
FOOD WEB• Let’s put some food chains
together…
Label the organisms in your notes.*organisms
can have more than 1
label.
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID• Represents the producers and
consumers in an ecosystem in a pyramid shaped-diagram.
Where does all E come from?
As you go up trophic levels, 10% of Energy is lost. Why?
Most of the E is available at what level?
Biological Magnification
the increasing concentration of toxic substances within each
successive link in the food chain
As you go up trophic levels, the number contaminants increases.
Fill in the boxes with
dots to represent the
toxic contaminant.
Do your boxes look like this?
