12A Interpret relationships (predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, competition) among organisms.

12AInterpret relationships (predation, parasitism,

commensalism, mutualism, competition) among organisms

An organisms role in its environment…

• An organisms habitat is the area where it lives.

• In any environment, every species fills a unique niche.

• A niche includes the conditions and resources a species’ needs for survival and how it obtains these resources.

Relationships between Organisms

COM

PETI

TIO

N THE DEMAND BY TWO OR MORE ORGANISMS FOR LIMITED RESOURCES

SUCH AS FOOD, WATER OR SHELTER

PRED

ATIO

N INTERACTION IN WHICH ONE ORGANISM CAPTURES AND FEEDS

ON ANOTHER ORGANISM

PREDATOR•LION• THE ORGANISM

CAPTURING AND FEEDING ON ANOTHER ORGANISM (THE PREY)

PREY•HIPPO• ORGANISM

BEING EATEN

PARA

SITI

SMSYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH ONE

ORGANISM LIVES IN OR ON ANOTHER ORGANISM & CAUSES IT HARM

PARASITE•TICK• ORGANISM

LIVING IN OR ON ANOTHER ORGANISM CAUSING IT HARM

HOST•DOG• ORGANISM

BEING HARMED BY PARASITE

COM

MEN

SALI

SM SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH ONE ORGANISM BENEFITS & ANOTHER

ORGANISM IS NEITHER HARMED NOR BENEFITS

Whale & Barnacle

Egrets & Cattle

MU

TUAL

ISM SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH

BOTH ORGANISMS BENEFIT

Clown Fish & Anemone

Flowers & Bees

12CAnalyze the flow of matter & E

through trophic levels using various models (food webs, food chains, and ecological

pyramids).

AUTOTROPH• aka PRODUCER • an organism that captures E from

sunlight or chemicals & use it to produce its own food

ex: most plants

HETEROTROPH• aka CONSUMER • an organism that obtains E from the

food it consumesex: humans, snakes, rhino, jaguar

PRIMARY CONSUMER

SECONDARY CONSUMER

TERTIARY CONSUMER

QUATERNARY CONSUMER

HERBIVORE• Organism that obtains E from eating

plants

OMNIVORE• Organism that obtains E by eating

both plants & animals

CARNIVORE• Organism that obtains E by eating

animals

DETRITIVORE• aka DECOMPOSER• Organism that feeds on dead plant &

animal material & other dead matter

SCAVENGER• Animals that eat dead animalsEx: Vultures, Tasmanian devils

FOOD CHAIN • the sequence of who eats whom in a

biological community (an ecosystem) to obtain nutrition. • starts with the primary energy

source• Ends with the top predator

FOOD CHAINQuaternary consumer

Tertiary consumer

Secondary consumer

Primary consumerProducer

FOOD WEB• Let’s put some food chains

together…

Label the organisms in your notes.*organisms

can have more than 1

label.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID• Represents the producers and

consumers in an ecosystem in a pyramid shaped-diagram.

Where does all E come from?

As you go up trophic levels, 10% of Energy is lost. Why?

Most of the E is available at what level?

Biological Magnification

the increasing concentration of toxic substances within each

successive link in the food chain

As you go up trophic levels, the number contaminants increases.

Fill in the boxes with

dots to represent the

toxic contaminant.

Do your boxes look like this?